北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）

阅读理解
One of the best ways to improve our communities is through volunteer work. According to a report from United Nations Volunteers, it is estimated that 140 million people volunteer in every nation and in a variety of settings. Forbes reports that research has shown that volunteering can greatly benefit volunteers. These benefits include an increased sense of productivity, the development of new skills, resume-building experience, improved physical health, and the emotional rewards that come with others appreciating you and your efforts. Here are some types for you to join in local communities.
Sports volunteering
You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Your sports organisation should put you through any qualifications that you need to carry out your role. Most people volunteer on average two or three hours a week, but there are also opportunities to volunteer more or less often.
Support the Red Cross
Red Cross is an organization that helps with disaster relief, blood donations, and more. Being a Red Cross volunteer provides experience in the medical field and allows you to help those in need. The Red Cross responds to disasters nationwide and helps communities recover. It may be difficult to see damaged communities, but you could have a part in assisting them to recover. In addition, you may meet new friends along the way.
Organize a Summer Reading Program
Summer reading programs are one way to keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the whole summer vacation. Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new. You can share your favorite books, offer prizes to children who meet their goals, and turn the program into a friendly competition, all while teaching children the importance of reading.
1．What requirements do you need to meet if you want to volunteer for sports
A．Be fond of sports. B．Follow the fixed schedule.
C．Have past the qualification tests. D．Be good at various kinds of sports.
2．The summer reading program can help kids to .
A．share their favorite books
B．organize book reading competitions
C．review what they have learned in school
D．enrich their reading experience in summer
3．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To help manage the local community.
B．To introduce the communities in need.
C．To introduce different volunteer programs.
D．To show the benefits of doing volunteer work.
Alejandro Buxton’s candle business started with a headache. The 12-year-old’s mom suffers from allergies, and something in their house was causing her head to hurt. After going to the hospital, they discovered the cause of the headache: the candles. His mom had no choice but to get rid of the scented (有香味的) items.
However, he knew his mother really loved candles. To lift her spirits, he set up a lab in the family’s kitchen in the fall of 2019 and made a candle using only natural ingredients, such as soy and coconut waxes (蜡) and essential oils. Chemicals in her old candles were causing the headaches. He named his first product Jurassic Orange, which is similar to the fruit in color and smell. Jurassic Orange was a hit with his mom, whose headaches disappeared. But Alejandro wasn’t done experimenting. Within a few months, he had about six scents, including Chunky Sweaters and Cozy Socks, which smells like a fruit drink mixed with a pine forest.
In September 2020, he put his first collection of candles on Etsy, the online marketplace that specializes in handmade goods. He also sold candles at seasonal markets, such as the one in downtown D．C． where the vice president was shopping for holiday gifts last year. He recommended two candles to the vice president. She took some of his advice.
Jesse Benites, general manager of a big shopping mall, said the vice president’s visit “skyrocketed” Alejandro’s fame. A senior manager contacted Alejandro and invited him to rent one of the 12 retail carts at the mall. On September 1,2022, Smell of Love Candles opened on the second level of the shopping center. Alejandro is the mall’s youngest business owner. Inside the mall, Alejandro turned a large room into his production facility, where he and his staff make 600 to 700 candles a week. There were altogether 25 scents on the shelf. He continued to make new scents and wanted to see all his candles in every single household and love and joy come into the houses.
Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit, but for him, the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.
4．Alejandro started his business because he wanted to________.
A．solve his mother’s problem
B．earn some money for the family
C．make more people love candles
D．change the way candles are made
5．What do we know about Smell of Love Candles
A．It was visited by the vice president.
B．It mainly sells candles on the Internet.
C．It teaches people how to make candles.
D．It will offer new scents of the candles.
6．The money Alejandro made will be used to____.
A．open more chain stores
B．help more people in need
C．invent new scents of the candles
D．promote his candles to more families
7．According to the passage, which words can best describe Alejandro
A．Organized and loving. B．Smart and outgoing.
C．Caring and creative. D．Generous and honest.
As information technology has improved, the medical industry’s ability to treat patients has increased significantly. Over the past decade, doctors and healthcare professionals have seen the rise of telemedicine. In the most basic terms, telemedicine refers to the capability of patients to consult with doctors using remote conferencing technology—that is, without the need for an in-person visit.
In conventional medicine, patients and doctors rarely discuss the details of a patient’s problem or specific treatments over the telephone. These discussions were almost always kept within the privacy of a hospital or a doctor’s office. The cost of healthcare in some countries is astronomically expensive. Millions of people worldwide cannot receive proper healthcare services because of the cost of the treatment. However, with high-speed internet video conferencing and online file-sharing technology, access to healthcare has become much more convenient and affordable because healthcare is provided from the patient’s home, and transportation and transfer expenses are eliminated (消除). An article written by the American Journal of Managed Care indicates that on average virtual appointments cost between $ 40 to $ 50, while in- person visits cost a whopping (巨大的) $ 179 on average. This makes telemedicine a more cost-effective option.
In addition to the positive economic benefits, for elderly patients, or those with mobility issues, telemedicine is a game changer. Health care is also no longer limited by the open hours at the local doctor’s office. With the globally connected internet, patients can contact a doctor anytime. They could as easily seek second opinions from doctors in other parts of the country or on the other side of the world, for that matter. What’s more, telemedicine reduces the risks of transmitting infectious diseases, In the past, people with symptoms such as flu, measles, etc., visited hospitals. As those diseases are contagious, other visitors and workers are at risk of being exposed to those diseases. This is where telemedicine can step in to prevent contagious diseases from spreading. Even better, telemedicine lowers the number of patients in hospitals, which frees up staff and resources for patients in urgent need.
For a glimpse of the future of telemedicine, consider the internet hospitals that have emerged in recent years, which offer medical consultations to users of online platforms. With the help of internet hospitals, users can schedule an appointment and have a high-quality video conference with a qualified and professional physician. Moreover, doctors can even prescribe and have medication online and have them shipped to the patients using express. Less than two decades ago, such convenient access to health care would have seemed unimaginable. However, it does have limitations, such as collecting fresh samples for medical tests and X-rays. While telemedicine can’t change the current health care overnight, it will be a part of the modem medical system.
8．What are Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The cost of the healthcare. B．The advantages of telemedicine.
C．The privacy issue of the patients. D．The prevention of the contagious diseases.
9．According to the passage, with telemedicine, patients .
A．pay the healthcare expense easily online
B．get access to different kinds of medical tests
C．have the risk of being affected by the diseases
D．get professional suggestions from doctors at home and abroad
10．What can you learn from the passage
A．Internet hospitals will replace conventional hospitals in the future.
B．Telemedicine’s existing problems are greater than the potential benefits.
C．Doctors find telemedicine helpful for collecting fresh medical test samples.
D．Telemedicine makes the medical service available from the comfort of home.
The first essay I wrote for my history of English class was perfect, at least from my perspective. I had worked on it constantly and couldn’t wait to get my grade back. I handed it in with pride.
Two weeks later, I received my grade: a D．The pages were covered in red writing, pointing out errors. There must have been a mistake.
University started later for me than most. The opportunity wasn’t available when I was younger—too many kids in our family and too little money. But I never stopped wondering what university would have been like. I was in my 40s when I sent in my application and as a part-time student, I will be in my 60s before I’m finished. That’s my goal.
What’s it like to be the old guy in a class full of 20-year-olds It’s strange. They pretty much ignored me, and I ignored them. They also ignored each other. However, after we had more group work together, people started to communicate. Although I was an English major, some of my favorite classes were unrelated electives. Courses in art history and Greek and Roman history were fascinating. I was eager to do well.
I arranged a meeting to discuss my essay grade and arrived 10 minutes early to meet the teacher’s assistant I was ready to argue for the brilliance of my paper. However, she quickly explained to me that the paper failed to make a strong argument. The mark remained.
I kept studying and kept leaning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.
University is different when you are a senior, part-time student. If you are there to establish a career or because your parents forced you to go, there are other pressures. For me, it’s just learning. Whether I’m learning remotely or in person, it makes the world a bigger, richer place.
11．Why did the writer start university later than others
A．His application was refused. B．His teacher disliked his essay.
C．His family was not rich enough. D．His health did not meet the standard.
12．How did the writer feel after receiving the grade of his first essay
A．Surprised. B．Pleased C．Excited. D．Hopeless
13．What helped the writer in writing a proper academic essay
A．Strong curiosity. B．Constant efforts.
C．Great pressure. D．Remarkable creativity.
14．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Practice Makes Perfect
B．Not All That Shines Is Gold
C．Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way
D．Action Speaks Louder Than Words
Online courses offer people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about humanities.
The Path to Happiness
From Confucianism to Daoism, the philosophies developed over two thousand years ago are among the most powerful in human history. This course brings voices from the past into modern contexts to explore the path to a good life today.
Duration: June 16, 2021—June 14, 2022
Fees: Free of charge
Pace: Self-paced
Difficulty: Introductory
Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
This course is about ancient Greece with its unique places, ways of life and historical changes. We survey the most important social institutions and cultural traditions. We also study everyday features such as food and dress.
Duration: June 21—August 6, 2021
Fees: $3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Introductory
Biotechnology and the Human Good
Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become perfect.
Duration: June 21—August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
Superheroes and Power
What makes superheroes popular How can they help us think about super powers In this course, we explore those questions in Marvel and DC favorites (especially the X-Men) as well as independent comics novels.
Duration: June 22 —August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
15．Which course can you take if you are free in Oct. 2021
A．The Path to Happiness B．Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
C．Biotechnology and the Human Good D．Superheroes and Power
16．What does Biotechnology and the Human Good deal with
A．Powers of superheroes. B．More uses of biotech.
C．Ways to increase happiness. D．Clinical practices of biotech.
17．What do the four courses have in common
A．They are of the same level. B．They are free of charge.
C．They belong to the same subject. D．They are instructor-led.
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it ” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product —CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
18．How did Moorc react to her dad’s warning
A．She argued with him. B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
19．What is special about CanCandy
A．It is beneficial to dental health. B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies. D．It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
20．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
With the development of technology, “paperless” seems to be the new trend. Instead of writing by hand, people began to use computers to type in order to produce text quickly. Some people said word processing made producing and editing text much easier. Will handwriting be completely replaced by typing
A 2017 study in the journal Frontiers in Psychology found that regions of the brain associated with learning were more active when subjects completed a task by hand instead of on a keyboard. Not only that, but the study’s authors also found that writing by hand could promote “deep encoding or processing” in a way that typing does not.
In fact, there have been many such studies to arrive at that conclusion. One notable example from 2014 compared students who took notes by hand with those who took notes on laptops. They found that the students using laptops tended to write down what the professor said word for word, while those who took notes by hand were more likely to listen to what was being said, analyzing it for important content and “processing information and reframing it in their own words.” When asked conceptual questions about the lecture, students who had taken notes by hand were better able to answer than those who had typed their notes.
Daniel Oppenheimer, one of the study’s co-authors, told Medium’s Elemental that in order to analyze the lecture, people had to contemplate the material and actually understand the arguments. This helped them learn the material better. The most annoying thing about writing by hand is also what makes it so effective for learning.
Virginia Berninger, a professor at the University of Washington, says, “When we write a letter of the alphabet, the process of production involves pathways in the brain that go near or through parts that manage emotion.” Pressing a key doesn’t stimulate those pathways the same way. She says, “It’s possible that there’s not the same connection to the emotional part of the brain when people type, as opposed to writing in longhand.” “In the same vein, writing in longhand also allows people to really figure out what they mean to say,” Oppenheimer says, “which may help self-expression.”
Our keyboards are great for a lot of things. But sometimes, there’s no replacing the feeling of spreading out a clean sheet of paper, uncapping a beloved pen, and letting the ink flow.
21．The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．predict the ending B．introduce the topic
C．emphasize an opinion D．draw a conclusion
22．What can be inferred from the passage
A．People who write by hand tend to think deeply.
B．People who write by hand are likely to make comparisons.
C．People who write by hand slow down their learning process.
D．People who write by hand find it difficult to improve their memory.
23．As for handwriting, the author thinks it is ________.
A．accurate B．unimportant C．annoying D．beneficial
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning Above all, is it worth delaying the decision Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
24．What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Accurate. B．Creative. C．Controllable. D．Obvious.
25．What can we learn from the passage
A．Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B．Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C．Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D．Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
26．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A．To explain how instinct works.
B．To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C．To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D．To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
Finland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation (国家品牌代表团) has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource,” it said.
Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological (生理学) effects of music. “We didn’t think about the effect of silence,” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal (兴奋),” he explained.
This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two-minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,” he said.
This finding is reinforced by neurological (神经系统的) research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious (意识的) workspace.” Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in.
Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland’s marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren’t detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself.”
27．Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1
A．To present how Finland viewed silence.
B．To highlight the need of noise in Finland.
C．To explain why Finland issued the brands.
D．To indicate the authority of the Delegation.
28．What can be inferred about Luciano Bernardi’s discovery
A．It challenged the calming effect of music.
B．It emphasized the role of silence between sounds.
C．It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence.
D．It stated brains’ information processing in the quiet.
29．As for Noora Vikman’s attitude to silence, the author is ________.
A．doubtful B．supportive C．disapproving D．unconcerned
30．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Silence: A Limited Resource B．Silence: A Misunderstood Tool
C．Silence: The Unexpected Power D．Silence: The Value by Contrasts
The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate. But even the advanced human-machine interfaces(人机交互) used today are unable to trick the listeners into thinking a computer is a human. Why is this Simply put, it’s because human beings rely on more than words to convey ideas or interpret messages, such as tones, facial expressions, body movements, and objects in the world around them.
One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds. The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.
While the potential for “real” communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people. Some experts worry about people’s attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations. They worry that people won’t be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven’t been practising those skills. Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans, such as customer service. Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy(侵犯隐私)．When people use certain speech-recognition applications, they leave behind an audio track of their speech. When you ask a VPA for directions, your speech is sent and saved to a remote server for processing. This digital trail may lead to data mining, or the collection of large quantities of personal data.
For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting. Leading companies in the field hope to make human communication with machines as seamless as possible, just like communicating with another human.
31．According to the passage, what can a VPA do
A．Entertain users with original jokes. B．Make people regard it as a human.
C．Hold preprogrammed conversations. D．Display the right tones in conversations.
32．Which situation reflects the concerns mentioned in the passage
A．One VPA service was priced higher for protecting users’ privacy.
B．An airline bore high costs for applying VPAs to its online service.
C．An app failed to offer the right direction when given spoken instructions.
D．Some teenagers became more socially awkward due to the addiction to VPAs.
33．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To inform readers of the double-edged quality of a new technology.
B．To inspire readers to explore the future of a new technology.
C．To promote the application of a new technology.
D．To stress the convenience of a new technology.
34．What might be the best title of the passage
A．The worries over VPAs. B．Talking to technology.
C．The world of technology. D．Listening to “a real person.”
In my eyes, my mother is capable of doing anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling(解开) wires.
Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verbal(口头的) instructions—go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in “recipe for all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon(图标). I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her.
Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting(咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed “all beef La saga” instead. With frustrated strokes, I keyed in the correct spelling.
Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realised that she did not know how to scroll down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one.
To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience during the whole process.
At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs
35．The author’s mother couldn’t find the recipe online mainly because she was ________.
A．unfamiliar with computers and the Internet
B．given unclear instructions by the author
C．too dependent on her family members
D．impatient at searching for the recipe
36．Why did the author print the recipes for his mother at last
A．Because he was pleased to help his mother out.
B．Because he didn’t want his mother to be embarrassed.
C．Because he was fed up with his mother’s interruption.
D．Because he thought his mother favored the printed version.
37．What message does the author want to convey
A．It is wise to teach others by examples.
B．Forgiving others is equal to blessing oneself.
C．Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded.
D．Putting yourself in others’ shoes is the key to understanding.
A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button — much cheaper than the traditional subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians began to advocate a new, open access model, in which articles are made freely available online to anyone. The result would be a true online public library of science.
However, more than two decades later, the movement has made only slight progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched.
Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, one of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the Libraries to pay two fees: One for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the Libraries walked away.
Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan-S.
Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do The worst response would be to complain that Plan-S deprives(剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.
When the journal system began in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized(商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots.
38．What does the underlined word probably mean
A．Uncertain. B．Rooted. C．Limited. D．Popular.
39．What is the core of failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier
A．The duration of the contract. B．The way of payment.
C．The charge for open access model. D．The choice of licensed journals.
40．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Academics welcome open access model with full heart.
B．Open access model will soon achieve a dominant position.
C．Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually.
D．Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts.
41．What is the author’s attitude towards the open access model
A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Disapproving. D．Indifferent.
Tailor your experience, and master the English language in our exciting and comprehensive language programmes. Choose your preferred city, and you’ll study with and befriend other international students.
Our English Learning Programmes
·Learn English in Universities
Courses have been developed in partnership with famous universities in Australia to improve your English language skills. You will get to experience campus life abroad.
·Small Group English Programme
These intensive English classes are hosted in different language schools along the east coast. Talk to our programme advisers to choose the best location.
·One-on-One Tutoring
Our programme organizes tailored learning experiences based on your English learning goals. You will live in local families and have chances to practise your oral English.
·High School Study Abroad
There are few things in life which can make you feel more grown-up like living and learning in another country. Pack this with many fun cultural activities. And you will also have opportunities to experience science subjects taught in English, such as lessons about rocks and minerals, plants and animals, and engineering practices.
Four steps to get into our English learning programmes
Step One: Review the programme information and complete our online application form to get the ball rolling.
Step Two: You will have a 15-min interview with your programme adviser to discuss your interests, needs, destination and duration. Within three days after the interview, the adviser will be in touch by email to let you know if your application has been successful. If so, we’ll send you a formal offer.
Step Three: To confirm your place in our programme, you’ll need to reply to our letter of offer and make payment online according to the instruction. Once this has been done, we’ll send you the documents containing all the information you’ll need regarding your study trip.
Step Four: Once your flights have been booked, let us know your arrival details so that we can organize airport pick-up. We’ll be excited to welcome you to our programme in person!
42．If Henry wants to try a biology class taught in English, he may join in ________.
A．Learn English in Universities B．Small Group English Programme
C．One-on-One Tutoring D．High School Study Abroad
43．What should applicants do after receiving a formal offer
A．Reply to the letter and pay the cost for the study trip.
B．Get in touch with the organizer to confirm the destination.
C．Review programme information to prepare for an interview.
D．Provide the programme adviser with personal needs and goals.
44．Who are the intended readers of this passage
A．People planning to improve their English .
B．People willing to apply for English teaching jobs.
C．People aiming to help learners go abroad.
D．People loving to share English learning experiences.
It’s the green wall of her school swimming pool that Jill Craven remembers best, as she felt her teacher’s hand on her head, guiding her underwater. “You know how time slows Going under. Watching ...” she says.
This was in Palmerston North, when she was five. While her three older siblings could swim half a mile or more, she would do anything to avoid swimming lessons. In her 20s, she moved to London to pursue a career in journalism. She insisted she had never feared for her career, but she still had this lifelong fear of being underwater.
However, when she retired, Craven was diagnosed with breast cancer, and was advised to swim as part of her recovery. Still finding the fear undefeatable, she took up water jogging instead-like treading water (踩水), but moving-with a floatation aid around her middle. She could get her feet of the bottom of the pool for a quick doggy paddle, but anything more was beyond her.
One day at the pool, she saw a group of children having a lesson. It was an indoor pool, nice and warm, and the children were five or six. “I just thought, it’s time to do this,” she says. “Who knows what I looked like. An egg beater,” she continues. “I did five strokes, or six. I was so proud of myself”. Then a lifeguard encouraged her to continue and told her how to breathe. A friend gave her goggles. Her niece Justine walked beside the pool clapping, and Craven felt as if she had won a gold medal. Justine bought Craven lessons for her 69th birthday. Before long, Craven had swum a length with her face in the water.
When her instructor told her to sit on the bottom of the pool, Craven felt like going back to being a five-year-old. She hung on to the stairs as she went down. But she did it! She stayed there for a few seconds!
Now Craven swims twice a week: five lengths, sometimes 10, with a rest after each. “I just think you need to do things if you can. If you can, you must.” she says.
45．Why did Craven choose water jogging instead of swimming
A．She hated losing face.
B．She liked treading water.
C．She was afraid to swim.
D．She was fond of floating.
46．What inspired Craven to try swimming again
A．The sight of kids learning swimming.
B．The support of her niece Justine.
C．The encouragement from a lifeguard.
D．The doctor’s advice on her recovery.
47．What is the passage trying to tell us
A．Once bitten, twice shy.
B．You can never teach an old dog new tricks.
C．Practice makes perfect.
D．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
A new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive power for how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.
The study co-author Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered information from nearly 700,000 people, who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scale about their job, spouse, health and home. Using the data collected, researchers constructed statistical models to show how people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings. The study found that ratings of life satisfaction had a direct linear (线性的) relationship to actions people subsequently take. Participants who rated their job satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25% probability of quitting their job. Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10 percent probability of quitting. The same was true across other measures like marriage, health and housing.
Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes, but not in such a linear fashion; the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions. Additionally, economists have previously been critical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable. But this study shows socioeconomic factors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.
Though the study shows numbers can quantify feelings, researchers are still a bit confused as to why estimates of seemingly subjective feelings can be such good predictors of future actions. According to Oswald, a number of factors could be at play. Humans are very experienced in comparative thinking and are able to scale their own life satisfaction against that of their neighbors. We’re also accustomed to using measuring devices for other aspects of life like temperature, distance and weight, so it shouldn’t be too surprising that we’re able to measure our feelings in a similarly accurate way. Another study co-author Caspar Kaiser says that it may also be because we communicate our feelings and do it in a scaled fashion every day. This could be why it comes out in the data more accurately than in objective markers.
Ori Heffetz, an economics professor who was not involved in the study, says that this research shows feelings data shouldn’t be underestimated even if they’re more difficult to study. “Scientists who ignore this do so at their own risk,” he says.
Looking ahead, Kaiser hopes this same data can be studied in lower-income countries so that it can be applied universally to places with varied levels of economic development. But more than anything else he’s interested in studying why feelings work so well.
48．Paragraph 2 is mainly about .
A．research process and findings
B．research topic and significance
C．research subjects and purpose
D．research data collection and analysis
49．What can we know about the study
A．It also applies to people from lower-income countries.
B．It challenges the opinion that feelings data are unreliable.
C．It explains why ratings of feelings can foresee future actions.
D．It first shows data about feelings can predict human behavior
50．What is Ori’s attitude towards the study
A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Supportive. D．Cautious.
51．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．How You Rate Your Life Predicts Your Future Behavior
B．Feelings Forecast Actions Better than Economic Factors
C．Why Your Feelings Affect Your Future Actions
D．Ranking Every Aspect of Your Life Counts
Best Gifts for Every Type of Mom
Do you want to reward Mom with New Year gifts Millions of products are offered online, but don’t get scared away. We have done the work for you by selecting best gift ideas for every type of mom. Just click “Add to cart” to shower Mom with love.
Dainty Earrings-Best for the Jewelry Lover
Made from sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect for everyday wear. They’re also ideal for anyone with sensitive ears. Among the 8,000 plus five-star reviewers, April Farmer confirm: this, saying, “Just about every material irritates (刺激) my ears, but I have had these in for three months now-and no irritation, no color changing, or fading of silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”
KS Lunch Bag-Best for the Working Mom
This in-disguise cooler bag will put a smile on mom’s face during lunch hour. With thousands of five-star reviewers, the fashionable and functional KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep food and beverages fresh, and an inside pocket that holds utensils. Plus, the soft, lightweight design makes it easy to bring anywhere.
Breville Express-Best for the Coffee Lover
Talk about a morning boost! If Mom is a true coffee lover, she’s dreamed of owning a high-end espresso machine. Now you can make that dream a reality. The Breville Express, which has more than 14,000 five-star reviews, comes in either black or stainless steel surfaces and offers the same dose-controlled grinding (研磨) that’s normally reserved for fancy coffee shops.
Beckham Pillows--Best for the One Who Needs a Good Night’s Sleep
She deserves a peaceful night’s rest after all the hard work she does every day, and she’ll get just that with these Beckham pillows. The set of two affordable cooling gel pillows is ideal for back, stomach and side sleepers. It offers much-needed temperature regulation that will keep her more comfortable than ever. It’s a best seller with more than 126,000 five-star reviews, so it’s pretty much a hit.
52．April Farmer’s review indicates that the Dainty Earrings are .
A．durable and fancy B．simple and unique
C．stylish and valuable D．light and skin-friendly
53．From the passage, we can know that .
A．Dainty Earrings are best for formal occasions
B．KS Lunch Bag is silver, portable and insulated
C．Breville Express features fine and quick grinding
D．Beckham Pillows suit different sleeping positions
54．Who is the passage intended for
A．Agencies selling products to moms.
B．People seeking gifts for their moms.
C．Moms planning to reward themselves.
D．Salesmen studying moms’ preferences.
The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future.
Despite the spread of password management software that can generate and remember complicated strings of random characters, some of the most common passwords are still “12345”, “password” and “iloveyou”. As a result, more than 80 percent of hacks involve these kinds of passwords; and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers, above other personal or sensitive information.
In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.
Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based (基于生物识别的) security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions. According to Tieo, a union of more than 250 companies, which promotes a standard system of passwordless authentication (身份验证), the vast majority of consumer services will offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years. “If done correctly and safely, biometrics are really helping us move to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenkinson, CEO of Tieo.
But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process.
The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit. Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.”
55．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Why passwords are the most sought-after data.
B．How passwords are stolen by phishing emails.
C．How passwords have caused us trouble.
D．Why passwords are difficult to secure.
56．What can we infer from the passage
A．Facial recognition login is the key to fighting hackers.
B．Biometric authentication has its own set of problems.
C．TAK Cyber’s login system guarantees the safety of data.
D．Spoofing brings more problems than automated programs.
57．What is Eric Brown’s attitude towards a passwordless future
A．Indifferent. B．Passionate. C．Pessimistic. D．Objective.
58．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Biometric authentication: password security solution!
B．Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless future
C．The argument to end passwords has begun
D．Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy
A few days ago, my husband, Russ, and I lost our house of 28 years to a California wild fire.
On that night, we had to leave our house and sleep in the back seat of our Ford. The next morning, we had to drive three and a half hours to find a hotel that had an available room. Only later, in the local newspaper, did we see photographs of the destruction. Our house had been consumed by the fire along with most of our neighborhood.
How are we going to rebuild after this I thought, rounding a corner in the sidewalk on my walk back to the hotel. Is it even possible
I noticed something up ahead—a pair of nickels, shining like precious jewels. They were just nickels, but they somehow felt special. I bent down and picked them up. If these were lucky coins, I could use all the luck I could get.
A few days later, I made a trip to the store to buy essentials. The enormous task of replacing everything we’d lost put a heavy weight on me. I was about to leave when I felt the urge to stop and turn my head to the right. I could hardly believe it—there on nickela shelf, was a nickel! Okay, maybe this is more than luck, I thought and put the nickel in my pocket.
I told myself that I had found the nickels just by chance. Then I found one next to my plate at a restaurant—on Thanksgiving, no less, when I was missing our house more than ever. It seemed that a nickel appeared whenever my spirits plummeted.
Whenever I reached my breaking point, I’d find another nickel. In the grass at the park, or near the tire of my car in a parking lot. Once, my change for a quick lunch was given entirely in nickels. “I’m sorry,” the cashier said. “It’s all we have.”
It’s all I needed!
One day, I was sitting at the desk when my phone rang. It was a real-estate agent I’d been working with.
“I have a new listing,” she said.
“When can we see it ”
A few hours later, Russ and I were following the agent down the driveway toward the house.
I didn’t think long. Because there, in the driveway, …
59．After the wild fire, the couple ________.
A．lived in their car for one night
B．took some photos of the destruction
C．could hardly afford their Thanksgiving dinner
D．saved precious items from the burned down house
60．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Remained. B．Changed. C．Strengthened. D．Sank.
61．What did the found nickels mean to the author
A．Luck for the foreseeable future.
B．Hope during challenging times.
C．Signs of a huge fortune to come.
D．Reminders of what had happened.
62．Which would be the best ending for the passage
A．I spotted a flash of silver in the sun, two nickels, both heads up.
B．I found an old nickel, which seemed to tell a story from the past.
C．I saw a mysterious locked box, and thought perhaps it was full of nickels.
D．I looked up and imagined something on a cloud, a giant nickel, just for me.
Of the more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes in the world, just a small number specialize in sucking human blood. How mosquitoes track us down so effectively isn’t currently known, but it matters, since they carry dangerous diseases which may cause death.
“In fact, stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,” said Carolyn Gauff, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants to understand how they find and target humans.
Mosquitoes mostly choose what to bite based on odor (气味). Knowing how a potentially disease-carrying mosquito finds a person, while ignoring other warm-blooded animals, is a key question. But it’s not easy to answer, since any animal smell is made up of hundreds of chemicals mixed together in specific percentage. “The actual chemicals that are found in human odor are basically the same as the chemicals found in animal odor—it’s the percentages and the relative large amount of those substances in human mixtures that’s unique,” said Gauff.
To investigate, researchers decided to record neural activity in the brain of mosquitoes while exposing them to natural human and animal odor samples. They collected odor samples from about 40 different animals. When they compared some of those with the 16 human samples, something jumped out. Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. Common in the natural world, in humans, decanal comes from another, more complex substance. When one component of our skin’s natural oils, sapienic acid, breaks down, decanal is left over. This acid is only found in human beings. It’s what likely leads to the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us.
Understanding what the mosquitoes are targeting is only part of the story; knowing how they do it is also important. To see exactly how mosquitoes use this sense, scientists used genetically modified (转基因的) mosquitoes so that they could cut open mosquitoes’ heads and watch neurons firing when they’re exposed to human and animal odors. The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors, so when they looked in the insects’ brains, they thought they might see a lot of activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, down to just a couple types of neurons. “One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals. Another type of neuron responded to both—but it responded much more strongly to humans than animals,” Gauff said.
How to keep mosquitoes’ decanal signal from being transmitted will be the research team’s next focus. Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease.
63．What’s the final purpose of the research conducted by Gauff’s team
A．To study why only certain mosquitoes suck human blood.
B．To investigate the neural activity in mosquitoes’ brains.
C．To help prevent deadly diseases caused by mosquitoes.
D．To test the effectiveness of mosquito killers.
64．To which substance(s) would mosquitoes mostly be attracted
A．Natural oil from human skin.
B．Chemicals in the environment.
C．Decanal generated in human blood.
D．Remains of decomposed sapienic acid.
65．What can we learn from the passage
A．Most mosquito neurons are not involved in responding to human odor.
B．Genetically modified mosquitoes are not sensitive to human odor.
C．Further research will focus on odor signal and neural connection.
D．Chemicals found in human and animal odors are quite different.
The Southwest Museum
The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures from Alaska to South America. The museum contains some of the finest examples of Indian art and artifacts in the Unites States.
EXHIBITIONS
In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s earliest residents. The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the native people of the Southwest, California, the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved between museums.
PROGRAMS
Throughout the year the museum offers a wide range of programs including: performances, classes, lectures, festivals, films and demonstrations by noted artists and other educational programs for members and the general public. Guided gallery tours are offered by reservation, for student and adult groups.
MEMBERSHIP
Museum membership provides individuals and families with many chances to participate in the active and exciting Southwest Museum community. The membership benefits include: free admission to the Museum; invitations to exhibition openings and special events; reduced rates on programs and classes; discounts in the Museum Store; calendars of events;members’ newsletter and subscription to the museum’s magazine, Masterkey.
MUSEUM STORE
The museum store offers beautifully made Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The store carries a large selection of publications on Native American history, and on several famous Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all museum publications.
Museum Hours:
Tuesday——Sunday
11:00 a.m.to 5:00p.m.
Telephone: 213-221-2164
Museum Location:
234 Museum Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90065
66．The collections of the Southwest Museum focus on _______.
A．lifestyles of American residents
B．native cultures of the Americas
C．diversity of American festivals
D．development of American arts
67．What can a visitor do at the Southwest Museum
A．Interview noted artists.
B．Try painting earthenware.
C．Appreciate traveling exhibitions.
D．Survey modern American folk art.
68．Which benefit can a museum member enjoy
A．Free classes and programs.
B．A 10% discount on kachina dolls.
C．The priority to reserve guided tours.
D．The right to invite friends to exhibition openings.
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。
1．细节理解题。根据“Sports volunteering”部分中“You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. (你不需要擅长你想做志愿者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。)”可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征包括对运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Organize a Summer Reading Program部分中“Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new.(组织一个暑期阅读项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。)”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们的夏季阅读体验。故选D。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。
4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁的少年亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿做蜡烛生意的原因以及经历。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句“However, he knew his mother really loved candles. To lift her spirits, he set up a lab in the family’s kitchen in the fall of 2019 and made a candle using only natural ingredients, such as soy and coconut waxes (蜡) and essential oils.（然而，他知道他的母亲真的很喜欢蜡烛。为了让她振作起来，2019年秋天，他在家里的厨房里建立了一个实验室，只用大豆、椰子蜡和精油等天然原料制作了一支蜡烛。）”可知，亚历杭德罗开始做蜡烛生意是因为他想解决他妈妈的问题。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句“There were altogether 25 scents on the shelf. He continued to make new scents and wanted to see all his candles in every single household and love and joy come into the houses.（架子上总共有25种香味。他继续制作新的香味，并希望看到他所有的蜡烛进入每一个家庭，爱和喜悦进入每一个家庭。）”结合上文可知，Smell of Love Candles将提供新的蜡烛香味。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit, but for him, the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.（亚历杭德罗的蜡烛生意利润颇丰，但对他来说，他赚的钱不仅用于自己的大学基金，还用于当地的慈善机构。）”可知，亚历杭德罗赚的钱会被用来帮助更多需要帮助的人。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后一句“Within a few months, he had about six scents, including Chunky Sweaters and Cozy Socks, which smells like a fruit drink mixed with a pine forest.（几个月内，他就有了大约六种气味，包括厚实的毛衣和舒适的袜子，闻起来像混合了松林的水果饮料。）”结合上文可推知，亚历杭德罗是一个极具创造力的人。再根据文章最后一段“Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit, but for him, the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.（亚历杭德罗的蜡烛生意利润颇丰，但对他来说，他赚的钱不仅用于自己的大学基金，还用于当地的慈善机构。）”可推知，他还是一个有爱心的人。故选C项。
8．B 9．D 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科技给医疗带来了很大的改变。文章列举了远程医疗为人们带来的方便和益处。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However, with high-speed internet video conferencing and online file-sharing technology, access to healthcare has become much more convenient and affordable because healthcare is provided from the patient’s home, and transportation and transfer expenses are eliminated .(然而，随着高速互联网视频会议和在线文件共享技术的发展，医疗保健变得更加方便和负担得起，因为医疗保健是在患者家中提供的，并且消除了运输和转移费用。)”以及第三段中“In addition to the positive economic benefits, for elderly patients, or those with mobility issues, telemedicine is a game changer.(除了积极的经济利益外，对于老年患者或行动不便的患者来说，远程医疗是一个改变游戏规则的因素。)”可知，第二段和第三段主要讲述的是远程医疗的优势。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Health care is also no longer limited by the open hours at the local doctor’s office. With the globally connected internet, patients can contact a doctor anytime. (保健服务也不再受当地医生办公室开放时间的限制。有了全球联网的互联网，患者可以随时联系医生。)”可知，有了远程医疗患者不受空间限制可以从国内外医生那里得到专业的建议。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With the help of internet hospitals, users can schedule an appointment and have a high-quality video conference with a qualified and professional physician. Moreover, doctors can even prescribe and have medication online and have them shipped to the patients using express. (在互联网医院的帮助下，用户可以预约并与合格的专业医生进行高质量的视频会议。此外，医生甚至可以在网上处方和获取药物，并使用快递将药物运送给患者。)”可知远程医疗使人们足不出户就可以享受医疗服务。故选D。
11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在40多岁的时候申请成为一名兼职学生，之后不断努力学习，终于能够写出一篇合适的学术论文的故事。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的“University started later for me than most. The opportunity wasn’t available when I was younger—too many kids in our family and too little money.(我上大学比大多数人都晚。在我年轻的时候，没有这样的机会——家里孩子太多，钱太少。)”可知，作者上大学比其他人晚是因为他的家庭不够富裕。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The pages were covered in red writing, pointing out errors. There must have been a mistake.(纸上用红色字体标出错误。一定是弄错了。)”可知，作者在收到第一篇作文的分数后觉得惊讶，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“I kept studying and kept leaning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.(我不断地学习，不断地学习，我爱上了二十几位我从未听说过的作家，探索了我从未研究过的文学类型。最终，我学会了如何用正确的学术散文写一篇文章。)”可知，不断的努力帮助作者写出一篇合适的学术论文。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“I kept studying and kept leaning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.(我不断地