2023年冀教版中考英语二轮复习 第三章 题型提升 第四课时 阅读理解课件（35张PPT）

(共35张PPT)
第四课时　阅读理解
第三章　题型提升
题型透析
　　阅读理解是中考的测试重点,也是分值较高的一种题型。考生应多通过阅读提高自己的阅读速度、认知能力和理解能力。
一、 判断正误型阅读理解
分析甘肃近5年各地中考真题可知,甘肃省卷、通用卷、庆阳卷、甘南州卷会涉及判断正误型阅读。其中主要的命题特点如下:
1.文体
以说明文和记叙文为主,偶有涉及应用文。
2.话题
话题多样,涉及生活常识、文化风俗、日常生活、人物介绍、饮食及健康等。
3.考查方式
以细节理解题为主,偶有涉及推理判断题。
二、选择型阅读理解
分析甘肃近5年各地市中考真题可知,选择型阅读理解的主要命题特点如下:
1.文体
以记叙文、说明文和应用文为主,同时也会涉及议论文及诗歌等全国其他地市很少见到的形式。
2.话题
话题多样,包括日常生活类(学生学习、文娱体育、饮食健康、社会生活、生活常识和环境保护等)、故事类(生活故事、情感故事等)、文化习俗、咨询建议及科普知识等。
3.考查方式
以细节理解题为主,同时也会涉及推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题及数字计算题等。
题型策略
一、判断正误型阅读理解
此类题型一般难度不大,需注意把握文章细节内容。一般来讲,每个小题都会与文中某一句话或某一部分相对应,少数综合类需要从整体着手。所以,我们应对比题干与文中对应的句子,仔细琢磨做出判断。可以从以下三个方面着手:
1.学生在解答此类试题前,先浏览短文后的题干陈述,带着问题进行阅读,这样使阅读更具有目的性,也便于留意文中所出现的与答题相关的信息。
2.阅读全文,找出关键词语,利用关键词语确定答案位置,严格按照文章意思理解和推断。
3.部分判断正误题可能为概括性的陈述,这就要求学生通读全文,把握全文意思,捕捉内容要点,掌握文章主旨和作者的写作意图。
二、选择型阅读理解
此题型是考查学生能力的一种重要方式,主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料,理解短文大意,获取关键的信息,才能对阅读问题做出正确的判断。下面是我们总结归纳出的该题型的解题步骤及技巧:
1.通读全文,了解文章大意。考生只有较快地读懂材料,抓住关键的信息,才能对问题做出正确的判断。
2.审读问题,带着问题找答案。读懂问题,把握每个待判定句子的含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词,然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落,依据短文内容对试题所给问题选出正确答案。
3.复读文章,核查答案正确性。完成答题后必须将短文重读一遍,加深对短文的理解,在此基础上再对每道题进行复查,对有些似是而非的句子,一定要重新认真分析。
三、任务型阅读理解
　　新课程标准倡导任务型的教学模式,让学生在教师的指导下,通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式,实现目标,感受成功,在学习过程中进行情感和策略调整,以形成积极的学习态度,促进语言实际运用能力的提高。完成此类题目的注意事项如下:
1.认真审题,读懂题意
由于题目要求形式多样,在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务,因此解题前要先明确任务,做到心中有数。
2.快速阅读,掌握大意
在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意,然后结合下面的题目要求,大致明白所要完成的任务。
3.细读题目,完成任务
在明白题意和文章意思的基础上,仔细阅读下面的题目要求,在原文找出问题题干所包含的信息部分,这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息,确保答案的准确性。
4.复读文章,核实任务
在初步完成所要求的任务以后,学生必须再次仔细阅读所提供的短文,结合题意、文章和文后提供的题目信息,认真核实答案以保证其准确性。
5.注意读写结合
任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写;若所要完成的是短语或句子成分,则需谨慎对待,依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,判断需用什么样的表达方式,不可简单草率地直接挪用文中信息。　　总之,任务型阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解,它介于阅读理解与写作之间,要求考生适应新课改的要求,加强任务型阅读能力的培养。
备考演练
一、判断型阅读理解
A(2022·吉林)
Today,many teenagers have already put technology to good use.Here are two good examples.
·A new reader(阅读器) for the blind
The two 14-year-old students,Meng Shuqi and Feng Boyao,are from Taiyuan.They invented a new kind of reader to help the blind read books.The new reader can turn words into raised dots(盲点) when connected to a computer.
As we know,the blind read by touching raised dots.However,there weren’t many books for the blind in the past,and it was difficult for them to get new information in time.As the old readers in the market were very expensive and difficult to use,the two students decided to invent the new reader which was easier to use.They hoped that the new reader could be widely used to help more blind people.
·A smart system for the old
A 16-year-old American boy Vetri Vel
created a smart system.It is made up of a small computer and a camera.The system can catch the heat signals(热感信号) of a fallen person and send messages for help at once.
After Vetri’s neighbor had fallen down alone at home,Vetri realized that falling down was a common problem for many old people.It may even lead to death.Vetri hopes that his invention can help more old people in time.
Teenagers’ technological inventions full of love and intelligence can make our lives easier and more convenient.Why not have a try
根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(A)误(　B　)。
1.The two Chinese students invented a new reader to help the blind read books.(　A　)
2.It is more difficult for the blind to use the new reader.(　B　)
3.The smart system is made up of a small
computer and a camera.(　A　)
4.Vetri created the smart system because he fell down alone at home.(　B　)
5.The inventions in the passage can make our lives easier and more convenient.
(　A　)
B
A
B
A
B
A
B(2022·吉林长春)
Have you ever ridden a bike in the sun It might make you feel a little hot.However,riding on a cycle path(骑行小路) in a sunny area could be fun.In the town of Krommenie,you can find a special cycle path that can create energy by using the sun.
This 70-metre-long cycle path was built with solar panels(太阳能板) into it.These panels take in light from the sun’s rays.Then they use the light to create electricity,which can power street lights.The electricity can also go straight into the electrical grid(电网) to offer electricity for daily use.In the first year,this short path was creating enough energy to power one house for a whole year!
This kind of path hasn’t been widely built because scientists are still doing research to test the safety of it.They must make sure the path is strong enough for cars,buses and even trucks to drive over it.They must also make sure the path isn’t too smooth because being too smooth could be a little dangerous.Bike riders may fall easily while riding on it.
In another town called Eindhoven,you can also find a cycle path which uses solar energy to makeart.It’s about 1 kilometre long.The path opened in 2014.It is made up of thousands of tiny lights.The lights take in the sun during the day and shine bright at night like stars.These lights come together like a beautiful picture.Every year,many tourists visit it and take photos there.
It’s fantastic and creative to use the sun.
根据短文内容,判断句子正(A)误(　B　)。
1.The solar panels were built into the
70-metre-long cycle path.(　A　)
2.The cycle path can power street lights for a whole year.(　B　)
3.Bike riders may fall easily if the cycle path is too smooth.(　A　)
4.The two cycle paths in the article were built to makeart.(　B　)
5.Many tourists come to Eindhoven to draw pictures on the cycle path.(　B　)
B
A
B
A
B
B
二、选择型阅读理解
A(2022·四川泸州)
March 21 is World Sleep Day.Here are some facts about sleep.
Sleep at advised times
In 2021,the Ministry of Education(MOE) advised that junior and senior high school students should go to bed before 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. respectively(分别的).
How do astronauts sleep
Just like on Earth,a person in space goes to bed at night and then wakes up the next day.But in space there is no up or down,and you do not feel the pull of gravity(重力).As a result,astronauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags.
Earworms happen while sleeping
Some people enjoy listening to music a lot.While we’re awake,the music we know well keeps ringing in our ears,which is called earworms(耳虫现象).This can happen during sleep as well,which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep.
Sleep with your pet
Pets,like dogs and cats,do not sleep continuously and they will often get up and walk on the bed,which can make you sleep even worse.
But recent studies found that having pets in the bed may help people who are often worried.The pets,like soft toys,can help cut down their worry.
Socks can help us sleep
Studies have shown that wearing socks to bed can help you fall asleep faster!
Hands and feet help exchange(交换) heat between the far ends of the body and the heart.Wearing socks means an increase of blood to your hands and feet,which cuts down your core(核心的) body temperature.The lower the core body temperature is,the faster you fall asleep.
根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
（　A　）1.According to MOE,junior high school students should 　 　　 　 .
A.go to bed before 10 p.m.
B.go to bed before 11 p.m.
C.sleep at least 10 hours a day
D.sleep at least 11 hours a day
（　B　）2.Why do astronauts sleep in fixed sleeping bags
A.Because there is no bed in the space station.
B.Because there is no pull of gravity in space.
C.Because sleeping bags are comfortable.
D.Because the spaceship is too small.
A
B
（　A　）3.According to the passage,earworms can 　 　　 　 .
A.be bad for sleep quality
B.improve music ability
C.help people fall asleep quickly
D.appear only during the day
（　B　）4.How does wearing socks help us sleep
　 　　
A.By making feet warmer than hands.
B.By increasing blood to hands and feet.
C.By making core body temperature higher.
D.By exchanging heat between hands and feet.
A
B
（　C　）5.Which of the following statements about
sleep is true according to the passage
A.World Sleep Day falls in the fifth month each year.
B.The sleeping bag is the best choice for sleep.
C.Sleeping with pets helps worried people.
D.Music can help people sleep longer.
C
B(2022·广西北部湾经济区改编)
Winter sports in China
◆346 million people across the country take part in winter sports
◆46 million of them are under 18
A survey
China Youth Daily surveyed 1 212 people:
①Cheering for players at the Beijing Olympic Winter Games
②Trying out skiing(滑雪) or skating
③Buying winter sports clothes and tools
④Taking winter sports trips around China
⑤Taking part in winter sports training
Some important years
1953:China’s first National Ice Sports Games
took place in Harbin.
1957:China’s first National Ski Games were held
in Tonghua,Jilin.
2002:China won its first gold medal in the
Olympic Winter Games.
2022:China held the Olympic Winter Games in
Beijing and Zhangjiakou for the first time
and won 9 gold medals.
SOURCES:GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF SPORT OF CHINA:GUANGDONG DAILY,CHINA YOUTH DAILY
根据语篇内容,选择最佳选项。
（　C　）1.How many people take part in winter
sports in southern China
A.346 million. B.186 million　.
C.161 million. D.46 million　.
（　D　）2.According to the survey,what do the most people do
A.Take part in winter sports training.
B.Take winter sports trips around China.
C.Buy winter sports clothes and tools.
D.Cheer for players at the Beijing Olympic Winter Games.
C
D
（　A　）3.Where did China’s first National Ice Sports Games take place
A.In Harbin. B.In Tonghua.
C.In Beijing. D.In Zhangjiakou.
（　C　）4.When did China win its first gold medal in the Olympic Winter Games
A.In 1953. B.In 1957.
C.In 2002. D.In 2022.
（　B　）5.Where can we probably read the text in a newspaper
A.Star Stories. B.Sports World.
C.School Life. D.Science Study　.
A
C
B
三、任务型阅读理解
A(2022·辽宁沈阳)
There were many famous explorers(探险家) in ancient China.Let’s have a look.
Xu Fu
Xu Fu was an explorer during the Qin Dynasty.First Emperor of Qin Dynasty asked (A) 　 　　 　 to look for the medicine that could make a person live for ever.Xu Fu went on two trips.In his second trip,he took more people with different skills to go with him.Finally,they arrived on a big island.They taught the people there many skills,for example,to (B)growrice.
Zhang Qian
Zhang Qian was a Chinese explorer in the Han Dynasty and he was also a pioneer in setting up the Silk Road.The emperor sent Zhang Qian to explore and open routes to the outside world.(C)他去了许多国家.His journeys were difficult.After he came back,he made useful reports (D)onthe people and cultures there.
Zheng He
Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer in the Ming Dynasty.(E)He was also an officer of the Yongle Emperor.He took seven great voyages(航行).He built a group of ships,(F) 　 　　 　 biggest in the world at that time.The ships were known as treasure ships.His travels were so important that they are still studied today.
根据短文内容,完成下列各题。
1.在文中(A)和(F)的空白处填入适当的单词: 　him　 ; 　the　
2.写出文中画线部分(B)和(D)的同义词或近义词: 　plant　 ; 　about　
3.将文中画线部分(C)译成英语: 　He travelled to many countries　
4.将文中画线部分(E)改写为:
He also 　worked　 　as　 an officer of the Yongle Emperor.
5.从文中找出两位中国探险家并写出他们的名字: 　Xu Fu　 ; 　Zhang Qian　 (任选其二即可)
him　
the　
plant　
about　
He travelled to many countries　
worked　
as　
Xu Fu　
Zhang Qian　
(任选
其二即可)
B(2022·天津)
Dogs are the best pets of humans.They come in all sizes.Some dogs are as small as a football,and others are as tall as a desk.Dogs’fur(毛) is different,too.It can be long and soft,or smooth and hard.People don’t mind
the kind of fur,because all dogs are good to hug.
Dogs need to be taken care of.Short-haired dogs are the easiest to look after.But all dogs need a bath once in a while.Giving a dog a bath is a lot of fun.After you give a bath to your dog,it shakes the water off its body.Be careful,or you will get wet!
Dogs like to make their owners happy,so dogs are easy to train.They can follow simple orders.
Dogs are really amazing animals.Some dogs pull sleds(雪橇) across icy places.Some save people who fall into the river.Other dogs do tricks(表演绝技) in movies.A dog has even flown in a rocket(火箭) to space.
Why not keep a dog as a pet
根据短文内容,完成句子。
1.Some dogs are 　as small as　 a football,and others are as tall as a desk.
2.People don’t mind the kind of dogs’ fur,because 　all dogs are good to hug　 .
3.When you finish giving a bath to your dog,it 　shakes the water off　 its body.
4.Dogs like to make their owners happy,so dogs 　are easy　 to train.
5.The writer advises people to 　keep a dog　 　 as a pet.
as small as　
all dogs are good to hug　
shakes the water off　
are easy　
keep a dog