Unit 2 Sporting events--Grammar and usage
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Sporting events--Grammar and usage |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-08-12 22:07:40 | ||
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课件58张PPT。牛津版 高一
模块四
Unit 3英语课件Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world
Grammar and UsageThe Passive voiceThe active and passive voices can be
interchanged without much difference in meaning. In the active voice we use the doer of an action as the subject of the sentence. In the passive voice we use the person or thing that is affected by the action as the subject of the sentence.The lovely robots attracts the visitors.The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots.S.V.O.O.V.S.The Great Wall was visited by many people last year.S.V.O.O.V.S.Many people visited the Great Wall last year.The basic form of the passive voice is be + the past participle. We can put the passive voice in different tenses by changing the tense of be.
e.g. Food is kept in the fridge.
The glass was broken by the boy.The passive voice in different tenses:do/doesare/is doneam/is/are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donebe going to/ will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe going to/will
be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been doneWe should also pay attention to the following when using the passive voice.
We usually use by to introduce the doer of the action, but we usually do not mention the doer when it is not necessary or not important, or when it is difficult to say who the doer is.
e.g. Both the headsets and the gloves are
connected to a computer network. Verbs like give, lend, offer, send, tell and
show can be followed by two objects
which usually refer to a person and a
thing respectively. When we change
sentences with these verbs into the
passive voice, we usually use the person
as the subject. Sometimes we also use the
thing as the subject.e.g. Our teacher often tells us some interesting stories in English.
We are often told some interesting stories in English.
Some interesting stories are often told to us in English. In the active voice, some verbs are followed by an object and a bare infinitive. In the passive voice, we change the bare infinitive into the to infinitive.
e.g. I often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon.
The girl is often heard to play the piano in the afternoon. Sometimes we use get instead of be in the passive voice.
e.g. My bike got stolen last night.
You’d better get changed quickly, as the party will begin soon.
The eggs seem to have got broken. Some verbs can be used in the active form with a passive meaning.
e.g. This sweater washes well.
The pen writes smoothly.
The kind of computer sells well in China. State verbs cannot be used in the passive voice.
e.g. I like pop songs and often listen to them.
He has a big house near the river.
You can depend on her to deal with the situation.There are some special passive patterns.
It + passive verb + that clause
e.g. It is said that he will recover soon.
It is believed that the three missing sailors
have drowned.
Subject + passive verb + to infinitive
e.g. The Sun was once thought to travel around the Earth.Verbs often used in these patterns are:
say, believe, report, suppose, know, prove, etc.Read the information on page 49 and complete the report on the event.Answers:
1. ________ 2. ______________________
3. _____________ 4. _________________
5. _____________ 6. _________________
7. _______________ 8. _______________
9. ______________
10. _______________________are beingthe Electric Wear Companybeen developedwas inventedare usedbeen completedwill be producedwill bebeen announcedare cleaned/ can be cleanedModal verb and the passive voice1. We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc.
e.g. Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.2. We form sentences using modal verbs in the passive voice by adding be and the past participle.e.g. Computer can work out the position of the user at any time.
The position of the user can be worked out at any time.modal verb+ bare infinitivemodal verb+ be + past participleRead the table on page 50 and note the
use of these modal verbs in the active
and passive voices.Read the first report on page 50 and
complete the second.Answers:
1. ______________ 2. ______________
3. ______________ 4. ______________
5. _________________can be reducedmust be takenmust be wornmay becomeought to be reducedVerbs often used in the passive voiceSome verbs are often used in the passive voice and fun_ction like adjectives.
e.g. The children are getting excited about the coming holiday.
Don’t you get tired of arguing about the some thing all the time?Look at the timeline showing the history of
Napster and complete the article on page 51.
Answers:
1. ______________ 2. _______________
3. ______________ 4. _______________
5. _______________ 6. _______________
7. ______________ 8. _______________bored withinterested inwas foundedwere employedwas surprised atwas accused ofwas closed downwas purchased1. It remains _____ whether Jim’ll be
fit enough to play in the finals.
(浙江 2006)
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see被动语态的高考题 2. — I don’t suppose the police know
who did it.
— Well, surprisingly they do. A man
has been arrested and _____ now.
(江苏 2006)
A. has been questioned
B. is being questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned3. — Your job ___ open for your return.
— Thanks.(北京 2006)
A. will be kept B. will keep
C. had kept D. had been kept4. Tom sounds very much ____ in the job,
but I’m not sure whether he can
manage it. (安徽 2006)
A. interested B. interesting
C. interestingly D. interestedly5. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic
garden attract the visitors to the
beauty of nature. (上海 2004)
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt6. Professor James will give us a lecture
on the Western culture, but when
and where _____ yet. (浙江 2007)
A. hasn’t been decided
B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided
D. aren’t decided7. — Don’t you think it necessary that
he ____ to Miami but to New York?
— I agree, but the problem is _____
he has refused to. (江苏 2005)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what8. _____ in the regulations that you should
not tell other people the password of
your e-mail account. (上海 2005)
A. What is required B. What requires
C. It is required D. It requires 9. Customers are asked to make sure
that they ____ the right change
before leaving the shop. (重庆 2006)
A. will give B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given10. At the end of the meeting, it was
announced that an agreement _____.
(江苏 2007)
A. has been reached
B. had been reached
C. has reached
D. had reached11. If Newton lived today, he would be
surprised by what _____ in science
and technology. (天津 2007)
A. had discovered
B. had been discovered
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered12. I got caught in the rain and my suit
_____. (北京 2007)
A. has ruined B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined13. He hurried to the booking office
only _____ that all the tickets had
been sold out. (陕西2006)
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told14. The construction of the two new
railway lines _____ by now.
(陕西2006)
A. has completed
B. have completed
C. have been completed
D. has been completed15. The Chinese are proud of the 29th
Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in
2008. (四川2006)
A. hold B. holding
C. held D. to be held考点点拨 考例回顾 1. A VR headset was designed by scientists.
(P48)
[考点] was designed是一般过去时的被动
语态，表示一个动作在过去被完成。[考例1]
The flowers were so lovely that they _____ in no time. (2007全国卷I)
A. sold B. had been sold
C. were sold D. would sell
[点拨] the flowers和sell之间是被动关系，故排除A和D项。were so lovely与sell是同时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，排除B项。故选C项。[考例2]
As the years passed, many occasions — birthdays, awards, graduations — _____ with Dad’s flowers. (湖南2007)
A. are marked B. were marked
C. have marked D. had marked [点拨] 句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大的场合，如我的生日聚会、颁奖议式、毕业典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。主语occasions与mark之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；as从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时，选B项。2. Right now the new product is being developed in the laboratory. (P48)
[考点] is being developed是现在进行时的被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。[考例]
— Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
— Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.
(辽宁2007)
A. has graded B. is graded
C. is being graded D. is grading[点拨] 句意：“你交作业了吗？” “交了。我猜想现在老师正在批改”。根据空格所在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用被动语态；根据now一词，可知应用现在进行时，所以C项正确。3. An agreement has been put forward.
(P48)
[考点] has been put forward是现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。[考例1]
When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _____. (四川2007)
A. have marked B. have been marked
C. had marked D. had been marked
[点拨] 因mark这一动作发生在get之前，且试卷是被批注，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态。[考例2]
With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. (上海2007)
A. discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered
D. have been discovered[点拨]
in / during the past years所在句子
要用现在完成时态，substances是“被发现”，故用被动形式。D项为正确选项。4. The technology behind RealCine is said to be virtual reality. (P48)
[考点] sb. / sth. + be said + 动词不定式作主语补足语。如果表示动作正在进行，用不定式的进行式；表示动作已经完成，则需用不定式的完成式。本句中用了不定式的一般式，表示状态。类似的动词有：believe, report, consider, suppose, know等。[考例1]
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (重庆2007)
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought[点拨]
sb. / sth. is said to do sth. 据说某人/物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前，因此此处应用不定式的完成时态。故选B项。[考例2]
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (辽宁2007)
A. breaking B. having broken
C. to have broken D. to break[点拨]
sb. / sth. is reported to do sth. 为常用的
表达方式，to do 不能用doing 形式代替，
“打破世界记录”是已经发生的事情，故
用不定式的完成式。故选C项。Homework1. Review what we learned today.
2. Finish exercises on page 92.
3. Preview Task.
模块四
Unit 3英语课件Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world
Grammar and UsageThe Passive voiceThe active and passive voices can be
interchanged without much difference in meaning. In the active voice we use the doer of an action as the subject of the sentence. In the passive voice we use the person or thing that is affected by the action as the subject of the sentence.The lovely robots attracts the visitors.The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots.S.V.O.O.V.S.The Great Wall was visited by many people last year.S.V.O.O.V.S.Many people visited the Great Wall last year.The basic form of the passive voice is be + the past participle. We can put the passive voice in different tenses by changing the tense of be.
e.g. Food is kept in the fridge.
The glass was broken by the boy.The passive voice in different tenses:do/doesare/is doneam/is/are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donebe going to/ will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe going to/will
be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been doneWe should also pay attention to the following when using the passive voice.
We usually use by to introduce the doer of the action, but we usually do not mention the doer when it is not necessary or not important, or when it is difficult to say who the doer is.
e.g. Both the headsets and the gloves are
connected to a computer network. Verbs like give, lend, offer, send, tell and
show can be followed by two objects
which usually refer to a person and a
thing respectively. When we change
sentences with these verbs into the
passive voice, we usually use the person
as the subject. Sometimes we also use the
thing as the subject.e.g. Our teacher often tells us some interesting stories in English.
We are often told some interesting stories in English.
Some interesting stories are often told to us in English. In the active voice, some verbs are followed by an object and a bare infinitive. In the passive voice, we change the bare infinitive into the to infinitive.
e.g. I often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon.
The girl is often heard to play the piano in the afternoon. Sometimes we use get instead of be in the passive voice.
e.g. My bike got stolen last night.
You’d better get changed quickly, as the party will begin soon.
The eggs seem to have got broken. Some verbs can be used in the active form with a passive meaning.
e.g. This sweater washes well.
The pen writes smoothly.
The kind of computer sells well in China. State verbs cannot be used in the passive voice.
e.g. I like pop songs and often listen to them.
He has a big house near the river.
You can depend on her to deal with the situation.There are some special passive patterns.
It + passive verb + that clause
e.g. It is said that he will recover soon.
It is believed that the three missing sailors
have drowned.
Subject + passive verb + to infinitive
e.g. The Sun was once thought to travel around the Earth.Verbs often used in these patterns are:
say, believe, report, suppose, know, prove, etc.Read the information on page 49 and complete the report on the event.Answers:
1. ________ 2. ______________________
3. _____________ 4. _________________
5. _____________ 6. _________________
7. _______________ 8. _______________
9. ______________
10. _______________________are beingthe Electric Wear Companybeen developedwas inventedare usedbeen completedwill be producedwill bebeen announcedare cleaned/ can be cleanedModal verb and the passive voice1. We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc.
e.g. Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.2. We form sentences using modal verbs in the passive voice by adding be and the past participle.e.g. Computer can work out the position of the user at any time.
The position of the user can be worked out at any time.modal verb+ bare infinitivemodal verb+ be + past participleRead the table on page 50 and note the
use of these modal verbs in the active
and passive voices.Read the first report on page 50 and
complete the second.Answers:
1. ______________ 2. ______________
3. ______________ 4. ______________
5. _________________can be reducedmust be takenmust be wornmay becomeought to be reducedVerbs often used in the passive voiceSome verbs are often used in the passive voice and fun_ction like adjectives.
e.g. The children are getting excited about the coming holiday.
Don’t you get tired of arguing about the some thing all the time?Look at the timeline showing the history of
Napster and complete the article on page 51.
Answers:
1. ______________ 2. _______________
3. ______________ 4. _______________
5. _______________ 6. _______________
7. ______________ 8. _______________bored withinterested inwas foundedwere employedwas surprised atwas accused ofwas closed downwas purchased1. It remains _____ whether Jim’ll be
fit enough to play in the finals.
(浙江 2006)
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see被动语态的高考题 2. — I don’t suppose the police know
who did it.
— Well, surprisingly they do. A man
has been arrested and _____ now.
(江苏 2006)
A. has been questioned
B. is being questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned3. — Your job ___ open for your return.
— Thanks.(北京 2006)
A. will be kept B. will keep
C. had kept D. had been kept4. Tom sounds very much ____ in the job,
but I’m not sure whether he can
manage it. (安徽 2006)
A. interested B. interesting
C. interestingly D. interestedly5. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic
garden attract the visitors to the
beauty of nature. (上海 2004)
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt6. Professor James will give us a lecture
on the Western culture, but when
and where _____ yet. (浙江 2007)
A. hasn’t been decided
B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided
D. aren’t decided7. — Don’t you think it necessary that
he ____ to Miami but to New York?
— I agree, but the problem is _____
he has refused to. (江苏 2005)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what8. _____ in the regulations that you should
not tell other people the password of
your e-mail account. (上海 2005)
A. What is required B. What requires
C. It is required D. It requires 9. Customers are asked to make sure
that they ____ the right change
before leaving the shop. (重庆 2006)
A. will give B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given10. At the end of the meeting, it was
announced that an agreement _____.
(江苏 2007)
A. has been reached
B. had been reached
C. has reached
D. had reached11. If Newton lived today, he would be
surprised by what _____ in science
and technology. (天津 2007)
A. had discovered
B. had been discovered
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered12. I got caught in the rain and my suit
_____. (北京 2007)
A. has ruined B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined13. He hurried to the booking office
only _____ that all the tickets had
been sold out. (陕西2006)
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told14. The construction of the two new
railway lines _____ by now.
(陕西2006)
A. has completed
B. have completed
C. have been completed
D. has been completed15. The Chinese are proud of the 29th
Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in
2008. (四川2006)
A. hold B. holding
C. held D. to be held考点点拨 考例回顾 1. A VR headset was designed by scientists.
(P48)
[考点] was designed是一般过去时的被动
语态，表示一个动作在过去被完成。[考例1]
The flowers were so lovely that they _____ in no time. (2007全国卷I)
A. sold B. had been sold
C. were sold D. would sell
[点拨] the flowers和sell之间是被动关系，故排除A和D项。were so lovely与sell是同时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，排除B项。故选C项。[考例2]
As the years passed, many occasions — birthdays, awards, graduations — _____ with Dad’s flowers. (湖南2007)
A. are marked B. were marked
C. have marked D. had marked [点拨] 句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大的场合，如我的生日聚会、颁奖议式、毕业典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。主语occasions与mark之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；as从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时，选B项。2. Right now the new product is being developed in the laboratory. (P48)
[考点] is being developed是现在进行时的被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。[考例]
— Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
— Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.
(辽宁2007)
A. has graded B. is graded
C. is being graded D. is grading[点拨] 句意：“你交作业了吗？” “交了。我猜想现在老师正在批改”。根据空格所在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用被动语态；根据now一词，可知应用现在进行时，所以C项正确。3. An agreement has been put forward.
(P48)
[考点] has been put forward是现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。[考例1]
When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _____. (四川2007)
A. have marked B. have been marked
C. had marked D. had been marked
[点拨] 因mark这一动作发生在get之前，且试卷是被批注，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态。[考例2]
With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. (上海2007)
A. discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered
D. have been discovered[点拨]
in / during the past years所在句子
要用现在完成时态，substances是“被发现”，故用被动形式。D项为正确选项。4. The technology behind RealCine is said to be virtual reality. (P48)
[考点] sb. / sth. + be said + 动词不定式作主语补足语。如果表示动作正在进行，用不定式的进行式；表示动作已经完成，则需用不定式的完成式。本句中用了不定式的一般式，表示状态。类似的动词有：believe, report, consider, suppose, know等。[考例1]
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (重庆2007)
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought[点拨]
sb. / sth. is said to do sth. 据说某人/物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前，因此此处应用不定式的完成时态。故选B项。[考例2]
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (辽宁2007)
A. breaking B. having broken
C. to have broken D. to break[点拨]
sb. / sth. is reported to do sth. 为常用的
表达方式，to do 不能用doing 形式代替，
“打破世界记录”是已经发生的事情，故
用不定式的完成式。故选C项。Homework1. Review what we learned today.
2. Finish exercises on page 92.
3. Preview Task.