《Unit 1 Getting along with others-- Grammar and usage》教学课例
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| 名称 | 《Unit 1 Getting along with others-- Grammar and usage》教学课例 |  | |
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课件35张PPT。
Grammar and usage
To-infinitive
Figure out the meanings of the proverbs and the usage of the underlined part.To know everything is to know nothing.
It is easier to get money than to keep it.
Eat to live, but not live to eat.什么都知道一如什么都不知道。挣钱容易，攒钱难。吃饭是为了生活，但活着不是为了吃饭。
1. to do as a subject
The girl said, “To take roller coaster is terrible ”.
不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
The girl said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.”
How long did it take you to take roller coaster?
How terrible it is to take roller coaster!
不定式作主语常见句型 a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…) + 不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式Eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher.Eg. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of Nanjing No.3 Middle School.Our most important task now is to make a plan. 当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question,
suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者
主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用
不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 2. to do as a predictive 2. to do as a predictive注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语
部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。
Now we have no idea but to wait.
Now the only thing we can do is wait.
比较: 3. to do as an object
The girl said ,“Remember not to take it next time!”
(Tips:不定式否定为not to)a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如
agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine,
expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer,
plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
2005年天津卷12题：I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式
放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常
用词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The girl felt it terrible to take roller coaster. 3. to do as an object
b) 只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do, does, did时，通常省略to。 We have no choice but to wait.We can do nothing but wait. 3. to do as an object
比较:4. to do as an object complementYou should get them to help you .
(They will help you.)They believed him to be honest. (He was honest.) (常用谓语动词有: get, ask, force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise , beg等。) 但在谓语动词believe, find , think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后面跟to be…作宾补,不跟to do…The boss made her work long hours.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 She
主语was made
谓语to work
主补 long hours
(by her boss).
4. to do as an object complement2005全国卷(I)No.18
While watching television, ______.
A. The doorbell rang
B. The doorbell rings
C. We heard the doorbell ring
D. We heard the doorbell rings2005福建卷No.23
If anyone happens to drop in while I’m out,
_____ him or her leave a message.
A. have B. get C. ask D.tellTips:
有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语
补足语,常用的动词有:但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式成为句子的主语补足语, 则需带to.make,let,have,see; hear,watch,notice,feel, help, observe;
look at, listen to; Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
You had better ______ (tidy) your bedroom.
I would rather ____ (go) swimming.
Why not ______ (visit) your cousin in Japan?
gotidyvisitTips:有些句型后面须接不带to的不定式。to belookto do watchTips: 当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than连接起来时，第二个不定式符号省略。Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
She told me _______(be) cheerful and ______(look) on the bright side.
We had nothing ______(do) but _______(watch) TV.5. to do as an attributive不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等。
His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.5. to do as an attributive不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有
ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等。She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.5. to do as an attributive不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：③序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系)She has a meeting to attend. =attend a meeting5. to do as an attributiveHe’s always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)
(主谓关系)There’s nothing to worry about.
(=worry about nothing)(动宾关系)Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词
有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，
如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加
上适当介词。5. to do as an attributiveFill in the blanks with the correct words.
He has not kept his promise _________(write) to his parents regularly.She made a decision ______(go)abroad for a year.to writeto go 6. to do as an adverbial①so as to, to, in order to作目的状语但so as to不能放句首。当然这一题还要注意主语和receive之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。2005年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed
immediately _____ in time for Christmas.
in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving②在so…as to, such…as to, only to …结构中不定式
作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only ___ that the train
had gone.
to find B. finding
C. found D. to have found 6. to do as an adverbial③为enough to, too…to结构。The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.
= The boy is too young to go to school.I’m glad to meet you. 6. to do as an adverbial④形容词（glad, happy , lucky, fortunate,
surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构作原因状语。To tell you the truth, I hate you.The order to start the general attack soon came.7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。It is necessary for us to go there. (主语)There is no need for him to leave. (定语)My suggestion is for you to do the job. (表语)8. 不定式复合结构: 以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导
的复合结构，如前面的形容词指行为的性质就用for
sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主、表、宾、
定、状等。8. 不定式复合结构:如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
It’s very kind of you to come to see me.It was foolish of him to believe her.I think it wise of her not to accept their offer.No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.9. 连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why/if），在句中起名词作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。10. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式①不定式的进行式：to be + V- ing, 用来表示
谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Some students pretended to be reading English
when the teacher came in.
10. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式 --- Is Bob still performing?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said _______ the
stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been D. to be left （2005年江苏卷No.25）
②不定式完成式：to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。10. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式③当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的
动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。
不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed
和完成式被动to have been V-ed。The book is said to have been translated
into many languages.
2006年四川卷No.26
The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic
Games _____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held1. P.9 Fill in the blankets, using to-infinitives.
2. P.92 C1 :Answer the questions using to-infinitives.
Grammar and usage
To-infinitive
Figure out the meanings of the proverbs and the usage of the underlined part.To know everything is to know nothing.
It is easier to get money than to keep it.
Eat to live, but not live to eat.什么都知道一如什么都不知道。挣钱容易，攒钱难。吃饭是为了生活，但活着不是为了吃饭。
1. to do as a subject
The girl said, “To take roller coaster is terrible ”.
不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
The girl said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.”
How long did it take you to take roller coaster?
How terrible it is to take roller coaster!
不定式作主语常见句型 a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…) + 不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式Eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher.Eg. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of Nanjing No.3 Middle School.Our most important task now is to make a plan. 当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question,
suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者
主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用
不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 2. to do as a predictive 2. to do as a predictive注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语
部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。
Now we have no idea but to wait.
Now the only thing we can do is wait.
比较: 3. to do as an object
The girl said ,“Remember not to take it next time!”
(Tips:不定式否定为not to)a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如
agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine,
expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer,
plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
2005年天津卷12题：I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式
放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常
用词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The girl felt it terrible to take roller coaster. 3. to do as an object
b) 只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do, does, did时，通常省略to。 We have no choice but to wait.We can do nothing but wait. 3. to do as an object
比较:4. to do as an object complementYou should get them to help you .
(They will help you.)They believed him to be honest. (He was honest.) (常用谓语动词有: get, ask, force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise , beg等。) 但在谓语动词believe, find , think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后面跟to be…作宾补,不跟to do…The boss made her work long hours.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 She
主语was made
谓语to work
主补 long hours
(by her boss).
4. to do as an object complement2005全国卷(I)No.18
While watching television, ______.
A. The doorbell rang
B. The doorbell rings
C. We heard the doorbell ring
D. We heard the doorbell rings2005福建卷No.23
If anyone happens to drop in while I’m out,
_____ him or her leave a message.
A. have B. get C. ask D.tellTips:
有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语
补足语,常用的动词有:但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式成为句子的主语补足语, 则需带to.make,let,have,see; hear,watch,notice,feel, help, observe;
look at, listen to; Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
You had better ______ (tidy) your bedroom.
I would rather ____ (go) swimming.
Why not ______ (visit) your cousin in Japan?
gotidyvisitTips:有些句型后面须接不带to的不定式。to belookto do watchTips: 当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than连接起来时，第二个不定式符号省略。Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
She told me _______(be) cheerful and ______(look) on the bright side.
We had nothing ______(do) but _______(watch) TV.5. to do as an attributive不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等。
His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.5. to do as an attributive不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有
ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等。She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.5. to do as an attributive不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：③序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系)She has a meeting to attend. =attend a meeting5. to do as an attributiveHe’s always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)
(主谓关系)There’s nothing to worry about.
(=worry about nothing)(动宾关系)Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词
有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，
如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加
上适当介词。5. to do as an attributiveFill in the blanks with the correct words.
He has not kept his promise _________(write) to his parents regularly.She made a decision ______(go)abroad for a year.to writeto go 6. to do as an adverbial①so as to, to, in order to作目的状语但so as to不能放句首。当然这一题还要注意主语和receive之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。2005年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed
immediately _____ in time for Christmas.
in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving②在so…as to, such…as to, only to …结构中不定式
作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only ___ that the train
had gone.
to find B. finding
C. found D. to have found 6. to do as an adverbial③为enough to, too…to结构。The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.
= The boy is too young to go to school.I’m glad to meet you. 6. to do as an adverbial④形容词（glad, happy , lucky, fortunate,
surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构作原因状语。To tell you the truth, I hate you.The order to start the general attack soon came.7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。It is necessary for us to go there. (主语)There is no need for him to leave. (定语)My suggestion is for you to do the job. (表语)8. 不定式复合结构: 以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导
的复合结构，如前面的形容词指行为的性质就用for
sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主、表、宾、
定、状等。8. 不定式复合结构:如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
It’s very kind of you to come to see me.It was foolish of him to believe her.I think it wise of her not to accept their offer.No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.9. 连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why/if），在句中起名词作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。10. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式①不定式的进行式：to be + V- ing, 用来表示
谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Some students pretended to be reading English
when the teacher came in.
10. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式 --- Is Bob still performing?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said _______ the
stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been D. to be left （2005年江苏卷No.25）
②不定式完成式：to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。10. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式③当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的
动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。
不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed
和完成式被动to have been V-ed。The book is said to have been translated
into many languages.
2006年四川卷No.26
The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic
Games _____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held1. P.9 Fill in the blankets, using to-infinitives.
2. P.92 C1 :Answer the questions using to-infinitives.