外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown课件(共21张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown课件(共21张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.2MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-23 18:28:42 | ||
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文档简介
(共21张PPT)
Into the unknown
1.civilise(to educate or train) v. civilised adj. civilisation n.
2.bury v. be buried in 埋头于；专心于
类似表达：throw oneself into doing sth.; put one’s heart into doing sth.; devote oneself to doing sth.; apply oneself into doing sth.
3.astronomy n. astronomer n. 天文学家
4.ruin(to spoil or destroy pletely) v.
ruin n. financial ruin 破产 in ruins 成废墟；受损严重
5.abandon v. abandoned a. an abandoned farm 废弃的农场
6.dismiss(fire) v. dismiss sb. from school 开除某人
7. expand v. expansion n.
extend v. extension n.
intend v. intention n.
8.set短语 set out/set off 出发 set off fireworks 放烟花
set aside some money 留钱备用 set up a company 开公司
set about doing sth. 着手做 set a good example for sb. 为某人树立榜样
set out the reasons阐述理由
9. shrink v. (shrank-shrunk)
类似 drink-drank-drunk; sink-sank-sunk;
begin-began-begun; swim-swam-swum;
ring-rang-rung; sing-sang-sung
10.look短语
look into the case 调查案件 look out for snakes 提防蛇出没
look through the paper 浏览试卷 look away from sb.将目光从某人身上移开
look up to sb. 仰视某人 look down on/upon sb.瞧不起某人
look back on the past 回忆过去 look up in the dictionary 查阅字典
Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
11.investigate v. investigation n. investigator n.
archaeology n. archaeological a.
psychology n. psychological a.
12.note v. noted(famous) a. notable(important and deserving attention) a.
note n. take notes 写笔记 a five-pound note 一张五英镑的钞票
13.substance n.
以-ance结尾的名词：guidance, assistance, acceptance, appearance, circumstance
以-ence结尾的名词：absence, presence, reference, convenience, persistence
Understanding ideas
Read and complete the passage with sentences a-f from activity 3 on P52
Intrigued by Maya civilization from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
c. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people.
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America,____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
a. Maya civilization has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________. By 700 AD, Maya civilization was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
b. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
f. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
______________________________________________________________________________________. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilization began to collapse at different rates in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
d. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilization largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
e. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilization must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future
Human causes
Nature causes
achievements
decline
reasons for the
disappearance
Intrigued by Maya civilization from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study
of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the
117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this,
he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful
the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people.
非谓语动词作原因状语，被动 be intrigued by 被…吸引
从…中得到了一项不可思议的发现 discover- discovery incredible-incredibly
星图
compare - comparison
与…符合/一致；与…类似；～ with 与…通信
-adj. corresponding 相应的；对等的
非谓语动词，被动
be based on sth – on a daily basis
发现
非谓语动词作后置定语，被动
be buried in…
被…否定；dismiss sb from…开除某人
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilization has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive
palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built
without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.
形式主语
非谓语动词，主动
extend from … to/into …从…延伸到…
宾语从句
主句完成时，since+过去时间点
adj. 有代表性的 –v. represent
主语从句
表语从句
They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in
the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800
characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and
others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
apply … to … 应用；apply for 申请
application – applicant
定语从句
adj. 精确的 （精确到30误差每年不超过30秒）
-n. accuracy
on top of sth: 除了…；掌控…；接近；了解（最新时事）；在…上面
完全倒装句
独特的
包含
With复合结构
结果状语从句
目前为止（现在完成标志）
v. 翻译；解读
On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americans at that time: a true writing system.
句意：除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
By the window sat a young woman with a book in his hand.
窗边坐着一个年轻女子，手里拿着一本书。
Away went the runners.
赛跑选手们跑远了。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
句子中On top of all this was an achievement为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装。
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD,
Maya civilization was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it
began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the
jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
同位语从句
adj. 原始的；低等的
表语从句
cause … to do 造成…去做…
=desert
处于巅峰
代
处于某种状态
leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事
take back：收回；拿回
claim: 声称；索要；夺去（生命）
riches n. 财富财产 (pl)
adj. 剩下的
-v. remain
n. 定居点；解决；移民
1) Leave the door ___ 让门开着
(2) Leave us ____ (astonish)
(3) left her daughter ￡1 million
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of
several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya
people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned
wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible
that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
collapse vi./n 坍塌；昏倒；暴跌
主语从句
remain 系动词 仍然是
mystery -adj. mysterious
adj. 致命的；完全的(deadly silence)
conflict between A and B; ~ over sth;
in conflict with…
-v. combine
表明，显示=suggest
在…方面起作用
dig-dug-dug-digging
“随着”，时状
建造、建筑 under construction -v. construct
It作形式主语的主语从句
to do 作后置定语的常见词：ability/ plan/ design/ promise/decision/ attempt/ willingness to do sth
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical
cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to
a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilization began to collapse at different rates
in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
表明；当表意为“建议”时，从句使用虚拟语气 sb (should) do
lead to sth 导致…
有可能…
独立主格 last for+一段时间：持续…
定语从句
以不同速率
n. 短缺 – adj. be short of 缺少…
= lack sth (v)
=finally = eventually 最终地
far adv.非常 fewer 较少的
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilization largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later
people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilization must also leave
us thinking about our own past, present and future.
让步状从
衰败
非谓语动词作结果状语
leave sb doing（主动、正在做）
leave sb to do（主动、未完成）
leave sth undone（被动、已做 常见 undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched）
leave sth to be done（被动、未完成）
leave sb/sth + adj/prep/adv （某种状态）
文明的兴衰
/ rise vi.
Into the unknown
1.civilise(to educate or train) v. civilised adj. civilisation n.
2.bury v. be buried in 埋头于；专心于
类似表达：throw oneself into doing sth.; put one’s heart into doing sth.; devote oneself to doing sth.; apply oneself into doing sth.
3.astronomy n. astronomer n. 天文学家
4.ruin(to spoil or destroy pletely) v.
ruin n. financial ruin 破产 in ruins 成废墟；受损严重
5.abandon v. abandoned a. an abandoned farm 废弃的农场
6.dismiss(fire) v. dismiss sb. from school 开除某人
7. expand v. expansion n.
extend v. extension n.
intend v. intention n.
8.set短语 set out/set off 出发 set off fireworks 放烟花
set aside some money 留钱备用 set up a company 开公司
set about doing sth. 着手做 set a good example for sb. 为某人树立榜样
set out the reasons阐述理由
9. shrink v. (shrank-shrunk)
类似 drink-drank-drunk; sink-sank-sunk;
begin-began-begun; swim-swam-swum;
ring-rang-rung; sing-sang-sung
10.look短语
look into the case 调查案件 look out for snakes 提防蛇出没
look through the paper 浏览试卷 look away from sb.将目光从某人身上移开
look up to sb. 仰视某人 look down on/upon sb.瞧不起某人
look back on the past 回忆过去 look up in the dictionary 查阅字典
Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
11.investigate v. investigation n. investigator n.
archaeology n. archaeological a.
psychology n. psychological a.
12.note v. noted(famous) a. notable(important and deserving attention) a.
note n. take notes 写笔记 a five-pound note 一张五英镑的钞票
13.substance n.
以-ance结尾的名词：guidance, assistance, acceptance, appearance, circumstance
以-ence结尾的名词：absence, presence, reference, convenience, persistence
Understanding ideas
Read and complete the passage with sentences a-f from activity 3 on P52
Intrigued by Maya civilization from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
c. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people.
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America,____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
a. Maya civilization has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________. By 700 AD, Maya civilization was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
b. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
f. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
______________________________________________________________________________________. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilization began to collapse at different rates in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
d. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilization largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
e. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilization must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future
Human causes
Nature causes
achievements
decline
reasons for the
disappearance
Intrigued by Maya civilization from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study
of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the
117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this,
he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful
the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization are among people.
非谓语动词作原因状语，被动 be intrigued by 被…吸引
从…中得到了一项不可思议的发现 discover- discovery incredible-incredibly
星图
compare - comparison
与…符合/一致；与…类似；～ with 与…通信
-adj. corresponding 相应的；对等的
非谓语动词，被动
be based on sth – on a daily basis
发现
非谓语动词作后置定语，被动
be buried in…
被…否定；dismiss sb from…开除某人
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilization has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive
palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built
without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.
形式主语
非谓语动词，主动
extend from … to/into …从…延伸到…
宾语从句
主句完成时，since+过去时间点
adj. 有代表性的 –v. represent
主语从句
表语从句
They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in
the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800
characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and
others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
apply … to … 应用；apply for 申请
application – applicant
定语从句
adj. 精确的 （精确到30误差每年不超过30秒）
-n. accuracy
on top of sth: 除了…；掌控…；接近；了解（最新时事）；在…上面
完全倒装句
独特的
包含
With复合结构
结果状语从句
目前为止（现在完成标志）
v. 翻译；解读
On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americans at that time: a true writing system.
句意：除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
By the window sat a young woman with a book in his hand.
窗边坐着一个年轻女子，手里拿着一本书。
Away went the runners.
赛跑选手们跑远了。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
句子中On top of all this was an achievement为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装。
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD,
Maya civilization was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it
began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the
jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
同位语从句
adj. 原始的；低等的
表语从句
cause … to do 造成…去做…
=desert
处于巅峰
代
处于某种状态
leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事
take back：收回；拿回
claim: 声称；索要；夺去（生命）
riches n. 财富财产 (pl)
adj. 剩下的
-v. remain
n. 定居点；解决；移民
1) Leave the door ___ 让门开着
(2) Leave us ____ (astonish)
(3) left her daughter ￡1 million
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of
several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya
people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned
wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible
that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
collapse vi./n 坍塌；昏倒；暴跌
主语从句
remain 系动词 仍然是
mystery -adj. mysterious
adj. 致命的；完全的(deadly silence)
conflict between A and B; ~ over sth;
in conflict with…
-v. combine
表明，显示=suggest
在…方面起作用
dig-dug-dug-digging
“随着”，时状
建造、建筑 under construction -v. construct
It作形式主语的主语从句
to do 作后置定语的常见词：ability/ plan/ design/ promise/decision/ attempt/ willingness to do sth
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical
cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to
a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilization began to collapse at different rates
in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
表明；当表意为“建议”时，从句使用虚拟语气 sb (should) do
lead to sth 导致…
有可能…
独立主格 last for+一段时间：持续…
定语从句
以不同速率
n. 短缺 – adj. be short of 缺少…
= lack sth (v)
=finally = eventually 最终地
far adv.非常 fewer 较少的
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilization largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later
people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilization must also leave
us thinking about our own past, present and future.
让步状从
衰败
非谓语动词作结果状语
leave sb doing（主动、正在做）
leave sb to do（主动、未完成）
leave sth undone（被动、已做 常见 undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched）
leave sth to be done（被动、未完成）
leave sb/sth + adj/prep/adv （某种状态）
文明的兴衰
/ rise vi.