2015届高三英语复习课件-----独立主格结构

课件11张PPT。独立主格结构概述
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”
独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况，with的独立结构还可以做定语。 独立主格结构的模式是：
主格名词/代词 +非谓语动词∕形容词∕副词∕介词短语 (作逻辑主语） （作逻辑谓语） 1. There being no bus, we had to walk home.2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名词/代词 +分词 (过去分词/现在分词）主格名词/代词 + 形容词1. His mother ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. Computers small, We can use them widely. 主格名词/代词 + 副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.主格名词/代词 + 不定式主格名词/代词 +介词短语Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.with复合结构 与 独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是：
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是：
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 一、作时间状语 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.二、作原因状语 1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
room to warm ourselves. = The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.2、With the key having been lost, she could not
enter the room. = The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 三、作条件状语 1、With time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace. = Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace. 2、With the car going wrong, we’ll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain. = The car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain. 四、作伴随状语 1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed. =The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing
on the bed. 2、Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand. = Last night I followed him , sword in hand. 无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词. Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom. He is the person with a lot of questions to be
settled.