(共22张PPT)
第二课时 名 词
第二章
考点突破
考点1 名词的定义与分类
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是某个(些)人、地方、机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China;普通名词是一类人/事物或是一个抽象概念的名词,如book,sadness。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
(1)个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体,如student。
(2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如family。
(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如air。
(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如work。
个体名词和集体名词一般可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。
①How many chickens (鸡) are there near the house?
chickens
②Mom often tells Linda not to talk to strangers (陌生人).
strangers
考点2 名词的数
1.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词不可以计数,没有复数形式,不能用a,an或数词修饰。当表示不可数名词的数量时,应用“不定冠词/基数词+量词(普通名词)+of+不可数名词”结构。不可数名词可用much,some,any,enough,plenty of,a lot of等修饰。
eg:a bowl of porridge一碗粥
a piece of meat一块肉
a piece of news一条新闻
(2)某些不可数名词也可以用作可数名词,但词义有变化,表示其品种的区分,如“一种、一类、一份……”。
(3)既作可数名词又作不可数名词的词:
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 paper 文件;论文 纸
experience 经历 经验 room 房间 空间
glass 玻璃杯;眼镜 玻璃 work 作品 工作
orange 橙子 橙汁 time 次数;倍数 时间
2.可数名词复数的变化规则(见本书课本再现第一课时重点语法中语法点一)
表示一个人或事物时用单数形式,表示两个或两个以上的人或事物时用复数形式。
( A )①Our teacher has given us some good English learning.It’s very useful.
A.advice on B.advices on
C.advice to D.advices to
A
( B )②Twelve were hurt,but no were lost in the accident.
A.person;life B.people;lives
C.persons;life D.peoples;lives
B
考点3 名词的格
1.英语中有些名词可以加“‘s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如a teacher’s book。名词所有格的规则如下:
(1)单数名词词尾加“‘s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“‘s”,如the boy’s bag(男孩的包),men’s room(男厕所)。
(2)若名词已有复数词尾s,只加“‘”,如the teachers’ office(教师办公室)。
(3)在表示店铺或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如the barber’s(理发店)。
(4)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有“‘s”,则表示两者分别拥有;只有第二个名词后有“‘s”,则表示两者共有。如John’s and Mike’s rooms(John和Mike各自的房间),John and Mike’s room(John和Mike共同的房间)。
(5)复合名词或短语的所有格,在最后一个词的词尾加“‘s”,如a month or two’s absence(缺席一两个月)。
(6)表示时间、距离、国家、机构、地点、自然现象、拟人等无生命的名词,单数加“‘s”,如China’s development(中国的发展);复数加“‘”,如ten minutes’ walk(十分钟的步行路程)。
(7)很多节日的表达都用“‘s”所有格形式。
eg:Children’s Day 儿童节
Women’s Day 妇女节
Father’s Day 父亲节
Mother’s Day 母亲节
New Year’s Day 元旦
2.of所有格
(1)表示无生命事物的名词一般用 of 所有格。
(2)of 所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的事物,表示所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语修饰时。
3.双重所有格
双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式:
(1)名词+of+名词所有格
eg:a student of my father’s
我爸爸的一名学生
(2)名词+of+名词性物主代词
eg:a photo of mine 我的一张照片
双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同,如a photo of Mary’s(照片属于Mary,但照片上的人不一定是Mary),a photo of Mary(照片上的人是Mary本人)。
( B )①September 10th is Day in China,isn’t it?
A.Teacher’s B.Teachers’
C.Teacher D.Teacher of
B
( D )②—Look at that man.Who is he?
—He is uncle.
A.Amy and Tony B.Amy’s and Tony
C.Amy’s and Tony’s D.Amy and Tony’s
D
备考演练
一、单项选择
( C )1.(2022·云南)Miss Li has lots of teaching .She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.
A.exercise B.excitement
C.experience D.environment
C
( B )2.(2017·兰州) is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents,teachers and other people around you.
A.Active communicating
B.Actively communicating
C.Actively communication
D.Active communicate
( C )3.(2022·安徽)—I do morning exercises every day.It works my whole body.
—It’s a good habit.It helps you keep in good .
A.time B.touch C.health D.silence
B
C
( B )4.(2022·泰州)Read the following Tang poem A spring morning Its theme is about .
A spring morning
Meng Haoran
This spring morning in bed I’m lying,
not wake up till I hear birds crying.
After one night of wind and showers,
how many are the fallen flowers!
A.history B.sights
C.friendship D.festivals
B
( B )5.(2022·天水)I waited a quarter of an hour and went home.
A.10 minutes B.15 minutes
C.30 minutes D.45 minutes
( C )6.(2020·安徽)—What do you think of your new house built by the local government?
—Pretty good.I have a of happiness now.
A.warning B.tradition
C.feeling D.question
B
C
( A )7.(2022·铜仁)—“One tree can’t make a forest”is a famous saying.
—Sure.It tells us the importance of .
A.teamwork B.knowledge
C.friendship D.housework
( B )8.(2019·天水)—Look!They are .
—Yes,we are proud of them.
A.man scientist B.women scientists
C.woman scientists D.man scientists
A
B
( A )9.(2022·绥化) father is a pilot.He has been to many countries around the world.
A.Tony and Peter’s
B.Tony’ and Peter
C.Tony’s and Peter’s
( C )10.(2021·天水)He is the author of three books on art and many readers love his works.(同义词)
A.seller B.helper
C.writer D.teacher
A
C
( A )11.(2021·定西)If the weather is nice,we could have a(n) in the park.
A.picnic B.chance C.place D.idea
A
二、根据汉语意思写单词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2021·广安)Western people like to use knives (餐刀) and forks while they are eating.
2.(2021·宁波)Yuan Longping,the“Father of Hybrid Rice”,won many prizes (奖) for his rice research.
3.(2022·天水麦积区模拟)I have no choice (choose) but to work harder to make a difference in my life.
4.(2022·兰州一诊)Ms.Yang gave us some advice (advise) on how to learn English well.
5.(2022·甘肃)I bought two notebooks (notebook) yesterday.
knives
prizes
choice
advice
notebooks