2023年冀教版中考英语二轮复习 第二章　语法精讲 第十三课时 复合句 课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
第十三课时　复合句
第二章　语法精讲
考点分类
考点1　复合句的定义与分类
　　复合句是指由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句包含两个或两个以上的主谓结构。其中一个是句子的主体,称为主句;其余的主谓结构只充当句子的某一成分,称为从句。中考考查的复合句主要是含宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的复合句。
考点2　定语从句
　　修饰名词、名词词组或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语,所以叫定语从句。它在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词被称为引导词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词一般在句中作状语。分析甘肃近5年中考真题可知,甘肃中考对定语从句的考查重点在于定语从句的引导词,侧重考查that,which,who,whose与where的基本用法。此外,还考查了that与which的特殊用法。考生在做此类试题时,首先确定先行词是指物还是指人。如果指人,可从that,who,whose,whom中选择;如果指物,则从that,which中选择。然后再根据引导词在从句中所作的成分来确定到底该用哪一个引导词。
1.关系代词
关系代词所修饰的先行词往往是表示人或物的名词或代词。常见的关系代词有that,who,whom,which,whose等。
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
that 主语、 宾语、表语 人、物 The watch (that) my
father bought was
made in Shanghai.
我爸爸买的这块表是上海制造的。
who 主语、宾语 人 Do you know the
teacher who wears
glasses 你认识戴眼镜的那位老师吗
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
whom 宾语 人 The boy (whom) my
motheris talking to
is my cousin.那个正跟我妈妈说话的男孩是我表弟。
which 主语、宾语 物 I like music (which)
I can sing along with.
我喜欢能随之一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人、物 The little girl whose hair is curly won the first prize.那个卷发小女孩获得了一等奖。
2.关系代词只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词为all,little,everything,nothing,
anything,much,none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
eg:They ate everything that was set in front of them.
他们把放在他们面前的东西都吃光了。
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。
eg:Titanic is the most moving film that I’ve ever seen.《泰坦尼克号》是我看过的最令人感动的电影。
(3)当先行词被序数词修饰时。
eg:The first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten.
我们学的第一课不会被轻易忘记。
(4)当先行词被the only,the very,the last,some,any,few,much,no,very,only等修饰时。
eg:The only student that may be elected is in our class.
唯一可能被选中的那名学生在我们班里。
This is the very book that I am looking for.这就是我一直在找的那本书。
(5)当先行词既指人又指物时。
eg:The characters and the animals that are in the picture are very beautiful.
画中的人和动物都非常漂亮。
(6)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。
eg:Who is the girl that is standing there
站在那边的女孩是谁
Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month 上个月你住的旅馆是哪一个
3.关系代词只用which 不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
eg:This is the house in which I live.
这就是我住的房子。
(2)先行词本身是that时。
eg:The book is that which I read.
这就是我读的那本书。
(3)在非限定性定语从句中时。
eg:Her Chinese,which used to be poor,is excellent now.
她的中文曾经很差,现在很出色。
4.关系副词
关系副词 成分 先行词 例句
when 状语 时间 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the music club.我永远不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那天。
where 状语 地点 I went to the village
where my father was
born.我去了我爸爸出生的村庄。
why 状语 原因 He didn’t say the reason
why he was angry.
他没说他生气的原因。
（　D　） ①People 　 　　 　 overweight need more water than thin people.
A.who is B.which are
C.that is D.who are
（　C　）②Do you know the man 　 　　 　 saved five people in the fire
A.whose B.whom
C.that D.what
C
D
考点3　状语从句
　　状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在从句中不作任何句子成分。状语从句根据它所表达的意思可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、方式和条件状语从句等几类。状语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。当状语从句位于主句之前时,一般要加逗号将其与主句分开;当状语从句位于句末时则不需要。
1.时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,since,till等。
eg:When he comes,I’ll tell him about it.
当他来时,我会告诉他这件事。
2.地点状语从句。通常由where和wherever引导。
eg:They went where they could find work.
他们去了能找到工作的地方。
3.原因状语从句。通常由because,since,as引导。because语气最强,它所引导的从句是全句的核心,在回答why开头的问句时,只能用because。since语气次于because,表示显然或已知的理由、原因。as的语气最弱,所引导的从句放在主句之前,说明原因或理由,后面主句说明结果,主从句所表达的内容同等重要。
eg:Because it was raining,he took a taxi.
因为下雨,所以他乘坐了一辆出租车。
Since you can’t answer my questions,I’ll have to ask someone else.既然你不能回答我的问题,我得问别人了。
As he was in a hurry,he left his bag at home.
因为很着急,所以他把包落在家里了。
4.目的状语从句。通常由that,so that,in order that等引导,并且这种从句中的谓语一般有情态动词may,might,can,could等。
eg:Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
说得清楚些,以便他们能明白你说的话。
5.结果状语从句。通常由that,so that,so＋形容词/副词＋that(如此……以至于),such＋名词＋that(如此……以至于)等引导。
eg:It was so cold that the lake froze.
天气很冷以至于湖水结冰了。
6.比较状语从句。通常由as...as(和……一样),not as/so...as(不如……),than,the more...the more...(越……越……)等引导。这类从句通常省略与主语相同的成分。
eg:You sing better than I do.
你比我唱得好。
7.让步状语从句。通常由though/although(虽然,尽管),even if/though(即使)等引导。although/though和but不能同时在一个句子中出现。
eg:Although they are poor,they are happy.
虽然他们很穷,但是他们很快乐。
8.方式状语从句。通常由as(正如),as if/though(好像)等引导。
eg:I did just as you told me.
我就是按照你说的做的。
9.条件状语从句。通常由从属连词if,unless等引导。条件状语从句与时间状语从句一样,从句时态不能用将来时,要用现在时表示相应的将来时。
eg:If it snows tomorrow,we will make a snowman.
如果明天下雪,我们将会堆雪人。
①My sister 　was making　 (make) dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
（　B　）②I’d like to have a try, 　 　　 　 I may fail.
A.since B.though
C.until D.after
was making　
B
考点4　宾语从句
　　宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词、非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)的宾语。
1.引导宾语从句的关联词的用法
(1)陈述意义的宾语从句由从属连词that引导。that本身无意义,在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
eg:She said (that) she would come.
她说她会来的。
(2)一般疑问意义的宾语从句由从属连词whether或if引导,如果强调“究竟是……还是不……”,可在whether后加not。
eg:Can you tell me if you can come here tomorrow
你能告诉我你明天是否能来这儿吗
I’ll wait to see whether your words are true or not.
我等着看你说的话是对还是错。
(3)特殊疑问意义的宾语从句由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
eg:Please tell me when you were born.
请告诉我你是什么时候出生的。
2.宾语从句应该注意的几个问题
(1)当主句谓语动词是think,believe,imagine等,且后面的宾语从句表示否定意义时,要通过主句的否定式来实现,即否定主句中的动词。
eg:I don’t think he will come tomorrow.
我认为他明天不会来。
(2)某些形容词后面也可有宾语从句,这些形容词有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等。
eg:I’m sure you can learn English well.
我相信你能学好英语。
①Does Jack come from Japan Do youknow (合并为一句)
Do you know 　if/whether　 Jack 　comes　 fromJapan
②她说她已经看过这部电影好几次了。
She said that she 　had　 　seen　 this film several times.
if/whether　
comes　
had　
seen　
备考演练
单项选择
（　D　）1.(2022·云南)For your safety,you mustn’t
get close to the train 　 　　 　 it stops.
A.while B.when
C.since D.until
D
（　C　）2.(2022·贵州铜仁)—Your son’s dream will
come true as long as 　 　　 　 .
—I hope so.
A.he will study hard
B.she will study hard
C.he studies hard
D.she studies hard
C
（　B　）3.(2022·广西北部湾经济区)—Excuse me,could you tell me 　 　　 　
—Sure.Walk along the street for about
10 minutes.You will see it on your right.
A.when the Science Museum is open
B.how I can get to the Science Museum
C.how old the Science Museum is
（　B　）4.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨)—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good!This is the best speech 　 　　 　 I’ve ever heard.
A.which B.that C.who
B
B
（　C　）5.(2022·福建)—Could you tell me 　 　　 　
—In Fuzhou University.
A.when your brother will start
B.what your brother looks like
C.where your brother is studying
（　B　）6.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江)The boys 　 　　 are playing football are from Class One.
A.which B.who C.whose
C
B
（　A　）7.(2022·黑龙江绥化)I can’t forget the teachers and the university 　 　　 　 I
visited two years ago.They bring me many sweet memories.
A.that B.which C.what
（　C　）8.(2022·黑龙江龙东地区)He asked me 　 　　 　 .
A.where can he find a supermarket
B.if I know the way to the supermarket
C.how he could get to the supermarket
A
C
（　D　）9.(2022·江苏连云港)—Could you please tell me 　 　　 　
—You can take No.2 Bus.
A.when was the nearest hospital built
B.how can I get to the nearest hospital
C.when the nearest hospital was built
D.how I can get to the nearest hospital
D
（　D　）10.(2022·江苏扬州)—Excuse me,could you tell me 　 　　 　
—You can take No.6 bus there.It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.
A.how far is the Slender West Lake
B.how far the Slender West Lake is
C.how can I get to the Slender West Lake
D.how I can get to the Slender West Lake
（　B　）11.(2022·四川成都)—I wonder 　 　　 life will be different in the future.
—Maybe we will be able to live on another planet with the development of space technology.
A.when B.how C.what
D
B
（　D　）12.(2022·四川达州)—I wonder 　 　　 late for school yesterday.
—Bad luck!I got up late and missed the bus.
A.how you were B.why were you
C.how were you D.why you were
（　A　）13.(2022·四川乐山)—Hi,Jack.Do youknow 　 　　 　 I want to thank him or her in person.
—No.It was just left on the front desk.
A.who sent my wallet back
B.where did they find my wallet
C.how much money was in my wallet
D
A
（　D　）14.(2022·四川广元)—The 2022 Olympic Winter Games was held in China.Do you know 　 　　 　
—Yes.In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
A.when it was held
B.when was it held
C.which cities was it held in
D.which cities it was held in
D
（　A　）15.(2022·湖北十堰)—Could you please tell me 　 　　 　
—Next Sunday.
A.when I can get back my notebook
B.when can I get back my notebook
C.how long I can get back my notebook
D.how long can I get back my notebook
（　B　）16.(2022·四川成都)Rome is an ancient city 　 　　 　 is full of places of interest.
A.where B.which C.who
A
B
（　C　）17.(2022·四川乐山)—What kind of books do you like best
—I like books 　 　　 　 are about science and technology.
A.who B.whom C.which
C