中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023中考英语考前最后读记练13 非谓语动词
【考前技巧】
一、动词不定式
（一）动词不定式的形式变化
动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building
被 动 to be build to have been build
（二）动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.）
（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
二、动名词
动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、 作主语
1）直接位于句首做主语。
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：
It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。
3）用于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。
常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …
注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。
4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。
No parking. 禁止停车。
5）动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。
2、作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。例如：
Would you mind opening the window 吧窗户打开好吗？
She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。
Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）。例如：
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
Do you consider it any good trying again 你认为再试一次有好处吗？
形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。例如：
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
（2）作介词的宾语
能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。例如：
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work 我们休息呢还是开始干活？
Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。
在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：
（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing
（2）S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing
（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing
（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即… …）
例如：We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如：
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：
a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
【考前预测篇13】非谓语动词
1．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Betty, I’m not good at English. Could you help me please
—Sure. I’ll do what I can ________ you improve your English.
A．to help B．help C．helping D．helps
1．A
【详解】句意：——贝蒂，我英语不好。你能帮我一下吗？——当然。我会尽我所能帮助你提高英语。
考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选A。
2．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）It’s important for the disabled ________ the ability to make a living.
A．to have B．have C．having D．has
2．A
【详解】句意：对残疾人来说，有谋生的能力是很重要的。
考查动词不定式作主语。it is adj. for sb. to do sth“做某事……”，动词不定式作主语，故选A。
3．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A．make B．making C．made D．to make
3．D
【详解】句意：无论是男运动员、女运动员还是志愿者，人们都用自己的技能和热情使2022年北京冬奥会取得了辉煌的成功。
考查非谓语动词。根据“people used their skills and warmth…the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.”可知，人们用自己的技能和热情的目的是让2022北京冬奥会取得成功，此处为不定式表目的。故选D。
4．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country.
A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold
4．C
【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。
5．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space ________ the unknown world.
A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．to explore
5．D
【详解】句意：好消息来了，中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空去探索未知的世界。
考查非谓语动词。explore探索，动词原形；explored探索，动词过去式或过去分词；exploring探索，动名词或现在分词；to explore探索，动词不定式。根据“China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space”和“the unknown world”可知，中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空，其目的是探索未知的世界，动词不定式表目的。故选D。
6．（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep ________ fit.
A．keeping B．to keep C．keep D．kept
6．B
【详解】句意：我们应该有健康的饮食、适当的锻炼和充足的睡眠来保持健康。
考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，健康的饮食、适当的锻炼和充足的睡眠是为了保持健康。故选B。
7．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
7．A
【详解】句意：为了避免交通拥挤，请早点起床出发。
考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知，早点起床出发的目的是为了避免交通拥挤，用动词不定式表目的，故选A。
8．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
8．C
【详解】句意：如果我们每个人都努力去做些有意义的事，我们的社会会越变越好。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。to lose失去，动词不定式的一般式；to be lost迷失，动词不定式的一般式；to do做，动词不定式的一般式；to be done被做，动词不定式的被动式。make efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，do something meaningful表示“做一些有意义的事情”。故选C。
9．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—The doctors are busy ________ how to deal with this disease these days.
—So they are. They’re really hard-working.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing
9．C
【详解】句意：——这些天医生们正忙着讨论如何治疗这种病。——确实如此。他们真的很努力。
考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，因此填动名词，故选C。
10．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）________ too much sweet food will make people get fat.
A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate
10．A
【详解】句意：吃太多甜食会使人发胖。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。
11．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.
—Me too. I can’t help ________ when I watch them.
A．laughing B．to laugh C．laughed D．laugh
11．A
【详解】句意：——大多数青少年喜欢幽默的电视节目。——我也是。当我看他们的时候，我忍不住笑了。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I can’t help …when I watch them.”可知，can’t help doing sth“忍不住要做某事”。故选A。
12．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day.
A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised
12．B
【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。
考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
13．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to ____ themselves after the exams.
A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing
13．D
【详解】句意：大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。
考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。work工作；relax放松。根据“after the exams.”可知，考试过后应该是放松，可排除AB选项；固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待着做某事”。故选D。
14．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
14．D
【详解】句意：——安全第一！ 每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。 孩子们必须记住遵守校规。
考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除AB；remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”，remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”；根据“Kids must remember...the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规则，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除C。故选D。
15．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
15．B
【详解】句意：周末我通常在图书馆看书。
本题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time (in) doing”，所以应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。
16．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
16．C
【详解】句意：毫无疑问，《哈利波特》值得一读。
考查宾语从句。doubt用在否定句中，引导词用that，there is no doubt that“毫无疑问……”，固定句型；be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，故选C。
17．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
17．B
【详解】句意：唱一首《一起向未来》怎么样？歌名就是北京2022年冬奥会的口号。
考查动名词作宾语。about是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，构成句型what about doing sth？故选B。
18．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing
18．C
【详解】句意：霍莉喜欢弹钢琴而不喜欢拉小提琴。听！她正在房间里弹钢琴。
考查非谓语及时态。prefer doing to doing“宁愿做……也不愿做……”，是固定短语，第一空用动名词形式；结合“Listen!”可知，第二空用现在进行时结构，故选C。
19．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.
A．work B．working C．to work
19．B
【详解】句意：如果你做这道题有困难，你可以请老师帮忙。
考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，故选B。
20．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
20．A
【详解】句意：——陈先生，我的孩子在睡觉。你介意调低你收音机的音量吗？——抱歉，我立刻做。
考查非谓语及动词短语。turn down调低（音量）；turn up调高（音量）。根据“my kid is sleeping”可知要调低音量，排除C、D；mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”，即mind后用动名词作宾语，故选A。
21．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ____.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
21．D
【详解】句意：——快点，杰森！我们要去看电影，但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”，排除BC；第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体，be动词用is。故选D。
22．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.
—You are very good at ________. And you will be the most popular star.
A．singing B．sing C．to sing D．sang
22．A
【详解】句意：——艺术节要来了。这是一个展示自己的好机会。——你很会唱歌。 你将成为最受欢迎的明星。
考查非谓语动词。be good at doing sth.“擅长做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选A。
23．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important
—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.
A．spend B．to spend C．spending
23．B
【详解】句意：——Tom，你觉得阅读重要吗？——是的。所以我决定从现在开始花更多时间来阅读。
考查动词不定式作宾语。spend花费，动词原形；to spend花费，动词不定式；spending花费，动名词或现在分词。decide to do sth表示“决定做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式，在句中作宾语。故选B。
24．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school.
A．work B．works C．working D．to work
24．D
【详解】句意：我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故选D。
25．（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist ______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
25．B
【详解】句意：这所高中邀请了一位著名的科学家在世界地球日发表演讲。
考查非谓语。结合“invited a famous scientist”可知，此处是invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，空处用不定式作宾补，故选B。
26．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.
A．find out B．to find out C．finding out
26．B
【详解】句意：——我经常看电视上的脱口秀。——我喜欢看新闻。我希望了解世界各地发生了什么。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故选B。
27．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
27．D
【详解】句意：我们的老师经常告诉我们当交通灯是红色的时候不要过马路。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，固定短语；此处指“告诉我们红灯时不要过马路”。故选D。
28．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
28．C
【详解】句意：——艾米，出去的时候别忘了戴口罩。——别担心，妈妈。我会的。
考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”；forget doing sth“忘记做过某事”。根据“don’t forget...your mask (口罩) when you go out”可知，提醒不要忘记戴口罩，故选C。
29．（2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
29．B【详解】句意：青少年经常听流行音乐来放松。
考查词义辨析。relax动词，放松；to relax动词不定式；relaxing形容词，令人放松的；relaxed形容词，感到放松的。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式。故选B。
30．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
30．A
【详解】
句意：南希不知道新学校的任何人，因此她决定参加课后俱乐部去交一些新朋友。
考查非谓语动词。根据“some new friends”可知，用动词不定式表达目的是“为了交新朋友”，用“to meet”。故选A。
31．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.
A．doing B．to do C．do
31．B
【详解】
句意：我们学校经常建议学生，尤其是十几岁的女孩在家里做一些家务来帮助忙碌的父母。
考查动词不定式。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语；故选B。
32．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing
32．B
【详解】
句意：——我们应该尽我们所能防止病毒的传播。——你说得对。我们可以经常洗手和戴口罩。
考查非谓语。空处表示目的，表示“为了防止病毒的传播”，应用不定式作目的状语，故选B。
33．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
33．C
【详解】
句意：许多人因为战争失去了家园。 对人们来说，拥有一个和平的世界很重要。
考查非谓语动词。此处是结构“It is adj. for sb. to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人是……的”，动词不定式作真正的主语，此处应用动词不定式的一般式。故选C。
34．（2022·海南·统考中考真题）—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room.
—That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut
34．C
【详解】
句意：——彼得离开房间时总是记得去关灯。——那太棒了。 这是节省能源的好方法。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”；remember doing sth.“记着已经做过的事”。根据“when he leaves the room.”可知，此处是指记得要去关灯，表示记得要做的事情。故选C。
35．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
35．B【详解】句意：老师告诉我们不要太吵，因为其他学生正在考试。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，否定在to前加not，故选B。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023中考英语考前最后读记练13 非谓语动词
【考前技巧】
一、动词不定式
（一）动词不定式的形式变化
动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building
被 动 to be build to have been build
（二）动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.）
（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
二、动名词
动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、 作主语
1）直接位于句首做主语。
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：
It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。
3）用于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。
常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …
注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。
4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。
No parking. 禁止停车。
5）动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。
2、作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。例如：
Would you mind opening the window 吧窗户打开好吗？
She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。
Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）。例如：
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
Do you consider it any good trying again 你认为再试一次有好处吗？
形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。例如：
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
（2）作介词的宾语
能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。例如：
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work 我们休息呢还是开始干活？
Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。
在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：
（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing
（2）S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing
（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing
（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即… …）
例如：We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如：
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：
a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
【考前预测篇13】非谓语动词
1．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Betty, I’m not good at English. Could you help me please
—Sure. I’ll do what I can ________ you improve your English.
A．to help B．help C．helping D．helps
2．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）It’s important for the disabled ________ the ability to make a living.
A．to have B．have C．having D．has
3．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A．make B．making C．made D．to make
4．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country.
A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold
5．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space ________ the unknown world.
A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．to explore
6．（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep ________ fit.
A．keeping B．to keep C．keep D．kept
7．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
8．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
9．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—The doctors are busy ________ how to deal with this disease these days.
—So they are. They’re really hard-working.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing
10．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）________ too much sweet food will make people get fat.
A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate
11．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.
—Me too. I can’t help ________ when I watch them.
A．laughing B．to laugh C．laughed D．laugh
12．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day.
A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised
13．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to ____ themselves after the exams.
A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing
14．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
15．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
16．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
17．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
18．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing
19．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）If you have difficulty ________ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help.
A．work B．working C．to work
20．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
21．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ____.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
22．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.
—You are very good at ________. And you will be the most popular star.
A．singing B．sing C．to sing D．sang
23．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important
—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.
A．spend B．to spend C．spending
24．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school.
A．work B．works C．working D．to work
25．（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist ______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
26．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.
A．find out B．to find out C．finding out
27．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
28．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
29．（2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
30．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
31．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.
A．doing B．to do C．do
32．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing
33．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
34．（2022·海南·统考中考真题）—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room.
—That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut
35．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
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