综合检测(五)
Module 5 Great People and GreatInventions of Ancient China
(满分：150分；时间：120分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．(2013·广安高一调研)We often ________ the importance of honesty when getting along with others.
A．speak B．talk
C．stress D．tell
2．(2013·广元高一检测)All the things in the room were ________，but she quickly put them ________.
A．out of order；in order
B．out of order；on order
C．in order；in order
D．out of order；out of order
3．Though he started late，Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if ________， Miss Liu.
A．not better than B．not better
C．no better than D．no better
4．All men are created ________，so men and women should enjoy the ________ work and pay.
A．fair；same B．similarly；fair
C．equal；equal D．fairly；equal
5．The reason ________ I was late for the school was ________ I was held up by traffic jam in the morning.
A．why；because B．that；that
C．that；because D．why；that
6．(2013·乐山高一月考)—Did you fall in love with that girl ________ you met her?
—Yes.Now we lead a happy life.
A．for the first time B．the first time
C．first time D．by the first time
7．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying.
A．what B．when C．where D．which
8．The boy lost his parents in such a terrible earthquake，so he was ________ by the government.
A．brought out B．raised up
C．grown up D．brought up
9．Now it is common for women to hold important ________ in the government.
A．situations B．positions C．places D．sites
10．—I don't believe that John can remember what the robber was like.
—You're quite wrong.I know it was dark，but he ________ the robber's face—I'm sure of it!
A．did see B．was seeing
C．had seen D．would see
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
From age eight to eleven，I attended a small school in our village.It was made up of four __11__ with about 25 children in each class according to age.Most of the time，one teacher was responsible for __12__ all subjects.However，the head master would __13__ come into the only classroom and gave lessons __14__ the teacher if he had asked for leave.It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at __15__ he could give us lessons on all the subjects.
The headmaster's name was Ronald Broackes.He was a large fat man born with optimism.Although he was quite __16__ about rules within the school，all the students there __17__ him as he was humorous (幽默的) and would make them __18__ by telling small stories.
He paid much attention to developing students' personal interest and had a great __19__ on many of the children.In my own case, he __20__ that I enjoyed working on puzzles(难题)．He would often __21__ me on my way to class and take a piece of paper out of his pocket，with a puzzle already on it.The puzzles were usually mathematical or logical.As time went on，they gradually got more __22__，but I enjoyed them.Not only that，he helped me develop a(n) __23__ of mathematics and problem-solving that __24__ stays with me to this day.Today I can remember Mr.Broackes' excited __25__ of “Well done！”whenever I got a problem __26__ .Or he would smile cunningly(狡黠地) when I __27__ to work them out.
The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed.I always feel I was __28__ enough to have met him then.I had been __29__ Mr.Broackes in the next years as I needed his __30__face to face.He died in 1993.I will admire and respect him forever.
11．A.houses B．classes
C．areas D．subjects
12．A.discussing B．preparing
C．studying D．teaching
13．A.suddenly B．finally
C．sometimes D．slowly
14．A.in memory of B．in place of
C．in honor of D．with the help of
15．A.as B．though
C．or D．but
16．A.concerned B．careless
C．strict D．annoyed
17．A.thanked B．disliked
C．respected D．welcomed
18．A.laugh B．think
C．sleep D．speak
19．A.pity B．influence
C．goal D．pride
20．A.discovered B．doubted
C．hoped D．guessed
21．A.bother B．stop
C．surprise D．question
22．A.interesting B．troublesome
C．common D．difficult
23．A.love B．habit
C．chance D．understanding
24．A.hardly B．seldom
C．still D．nearly
25．A.explanations B．shouts
C．descriptions D．signs
26．A.solved B．raised
C．designed D．reviewed
27．A.refused B．decided
C．agreed D．failed
28．A.lucky B．regretful
C．satisfied D．successful
29．A.calling B．helping
C．visiting D．missing
30．A.praise B．care
C．greetings D．guidance
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Mahjong is a game that first appeared in China，commonly played by four players(sometimes by three players in Korea and Japan)．Mahjong is a game of skill and calculation(计算) and needs a certain degree of chance.
The game is played with a set of 152 tiles(牌)based on Chinese characters and symbols，although it is played with a different number of tiles in some regions.Mostly，each player begins by receiving thirteen tiles.In turn players draw and throw away tiles until they complete a hand using the fourteenth drawn tile to form four groups and a pair.
One story suggests that Confucius，the great Chinese philosopher，developed the game in about 500 BC.The story also says that Confucius was fond of birds，which would explain the name “mahjong”．Many historians believe it was based on a Chinese card game.Besides，there're still some other stories about who created the game.One is that Chinese army officers serving during the Taiping Rebellion (太平天国运动)created the game to pass the time.Another is that a rich man living in the Shanghai area created the game between 1870 and 1875.Others believe that two brothers from Ningbo created mahjong around 1850.
In 1895，Stewart Culin，an American，wrote a paper in which mahjong was mentioned.This is the first known written account(描述)of mahjong in any language other than Chinese.By 1910，there were written accounts in many languages，including French and Japanese.The game first appeared in America in the 1920s.The first mahjong sets sold in the U．S.were sold by Abercrombie & Fitch in 1920.
Today，the popularity and the characteristics of players of mahjong are different in different countries.It's still far more popular in Asia than in the West.Mahjong is the most popular table game in Japan.
31．According to the text we can learn that ________.
A．mahjong is played by four players
B．mahjong was developed by the Chinese
C．mahjong was named after a bird Confucius liked
D．mahjong is more popular in China than in Japan
32．The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．the birth of mahjong
B．the types of mahjong
C．the basic rule of mahjong
D．the long history of mahjong
33．The Chinese army officers serving during the Taiping Rebellion created mahjong to ________.
A．save time B．kill time
C．keep up with the times D．tell the time
34．The first language that described mahjong was
________.
A．Chinese B．French
C．Japanese D．English
B
“You care for nothing but shooting，dogs，and rat-catching.You will shame yourself and all your family，”Darwin's father once said to him.
Most people know that Charles Darwin was the father of evolutionary biology.However，what is not widely known is what sort of person he was.
In his autobiography(自传)，Darwin described himself as a rather “naughty” child.He stole fruit from the trees on the side of his parents' house，made up wild stories，and tried to be the center of attention in the family.
Even worse，it seemed that Charles Darwin was a lazy young man and a slow learner at grammar school.He was a rather shy student but he did take great pleasure in showing off his athletic skills to the other schoolboys.It is not known how well Darwin did at school，but we could say that he was likely to be an unremarkable student.
When Darwin was nine years old，his father sent him to a boy's boarding school.At this school，Darwin learned classics，ancient history，and Greek，all of which he found boring.He was not inspired much by his schooling.He found his only pleasure there was reading Shakespeare's historical plays，the poems of Byron，Scott，and Thomson.His increased interest in natural science was encouraged by events outside his formal education.
As Darwin grew older，collecting became his major hobby.It became very clear that Darwin was not taking his studies seriously.
35．What is this passage mainly about?
A．What kind of character Darwin had.
B．Why Darwin cared for nothing but animals.
C．What Darwin's childhood and school years were like.
D．What made Darwin the father of evolutionary biology.
36．We can infer from Paragraph 1 that when Darwin was a child, his father thought ________.
A．he was not a common child
B．he would become a great man
C．he didn't care about his family
D．he wouldn't achieve anything
37．The underlined word “unremarkable” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．able B．honest
C．ordinary D．ugly
38．What do we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Darwin thought classics，ancient history，and Greek boring.
B．Darwin was inspired much by his schooling.
C．Darwin disliked reading Shakespeare's historical plays.
D．Darwin's interest in natural science was encouraged by events in his formal education.
C
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my family's last vacation.It was my six-year-old son's winter break from school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip.The flight was overbooked，and Delta，the airline，offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back.But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay.I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day，my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes，I encouraged—okay，ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn”more Delta Dollars.Our total take：$1,600.Not bad，huh?
Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a big-time bargain hunter，I know the value of a dollar.And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade：A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money's worth.I'm also tightfisted when it comes to shoes，clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer，and it's the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
39．Why did Delta give the author's family credits?
A．They took a later flight.
B．They had early bookings.
C．Their flight had been delayed.
D．Their flight had been cancelled.
40．What can we learn about the author?
A．She rarely misses a good deal.
B．She seldom makes a compromise.
C．She is very strict with her children.
D．She is interested in cheap products.
41．What does the author do?
A．She's a teacher.
B．She's a housewife.
C．She's a media person.
D．She's a businesswoman.
42．What does the author want to tell us?
A．How to expose bad tricks.
B．How to reserve airline seats.
C．How to spend money wisely.
D．How to make a business deal.
D
Imagine something between a computer game and a pet that helps make you thin.One inventor，Cory Kidd，a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，did just that and came up with Autom－a robot that will look dieters in the eye and tell them what they need to hear.Users can have daily conversations with the 38-centimetre-tall robot，which will provide feedback (反馈) and encouragement on their weight-loss progress.
Its blue eyes open and its head turns as a computer inside its head allows it to search for a human face in front of it and have eye contact.“Hello，I'm Autom！Press one of the buttons below to talk to me，”it says in a female voice with an American accent.“I'm ready to get started.Let's keep working together.”Users tap their details onto the robot's screen in response to its spoken questions about weight，diet，exercise plans and goals and over time it builds up a knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of the people who want to lose weight to design its questions and advice.
Autom will hit the US market later this year，and will sell for around D|S500.The D|S86 billion US weight-loss market has already been targeted by Wii Fit and My Weight Loss Coach games, but Kidd wants Autom to offer a more personalized (个性化的) way of using technology to lose weight.
Lona Sandon，professor at the University of Texas，had not seen Autom in action and said she could not say how successful the product would be.“For some people who need feedback，it could be a good tool.But some will just get bored of it，”said Sandon.But according to Kidd，Autom's human qualities were an important factor in keeping 15 overweight people encouraged during an experiment in the Boston area.
43．According to the passage，what can Autom NOT do?
A．Find a human face in front of it.
B．Keep eye contact with users.
C．Ask questions about weight.
D．Speak with a British accent.
44．In Lona Sandon's opinion，________.
A．Autom will not be popular at first
B．Autom is not suitable for the market
C．some people may lose interest in Autom after using it for a while
D．Autom can keep overweight people encouraged all the time
45．In which part of a magazine would you probably read this passage?
A．Games. B．People.
C．Health. D．Technology.
E
(2012·浙江高考)Easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship，candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs，but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.
And no，not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change，and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.
Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit，for instance.An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys，this species of cottontail is a great swimmer—it lives on the islands！—But it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.According to the Center for Biological Diversity，an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.
The snowshoe hare，on the other hand，has a color issue.Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer，each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者)．As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country，however，more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring，making them an easier mark for predators.Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight，but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.
American pikas or rock rabbits，a relative of rabbits and hares，might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.About 7-8 inches long，pikas live high in the cool，damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As global temperatures rise，they would naturally migrate(迁移)to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops.They can't go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.
The volcano rabbit has the same problem.These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico，and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters，but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher，so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists are concerned about their populations.
Native to the US，pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West.They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by development.Several populations，such as the Columbia Basin pygmy，almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators，but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.
All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.
46．The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to ________.
A．show the importance of Easter Day
B．introduce the issue about bunnies
C．remind people of Easter traditions
D．discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies
47．The word“culprit”(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to ________.
A．criminal B．judge
C．victim D．producer
48．According to the passage，some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they ______.
A．are exposed to more skillful hunters
B．have moved to habitats with fewer plants
C．haven't adapted themselves to climate change
D．can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring
49．The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that ________.
A．both are affected by less snow
B．both are affected by rising sea levels
C．neither can find enough food
D．neither can migrate to higher places
50．Which best describes the writer's tone in the passage?
A．Approving. B．Concerned.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Doubtful.
Ⅳ.补全对话(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
(2013·南充市蓬安中学高一检测)
Repairman：Good afternoon， 51
Customer：Hello.My mobile phone isn't working.Could you repair it, please?
Repairman： 52
Customer：It worked well yesterday, but I simply couldn't turn it on this morning.
Repairman： 53
Customer：Here you are.
Repairman：Well，I think we'll be able to fix it.You can pick it up this Friday.
Customer：Oh, no.That's too long. 54 I need it as soon as possible.
Repairman：Let me see.How about Wednesday afternoon?
Customer： 55 What time?
Repairman：After five o'clock
Customer：OK.Thank you.
Ⅴ.阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
(2013·成都七中实验学校高一检测)
The Monster of Lake Tianchi
The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings.The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.“It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it，”he said.Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse.
In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water.The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes.“It was greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns”， one of the soldiers said.
A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family.He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water.Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action.Mr.Li said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.
There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up.Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away.Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland.They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world.Scientists, however, are sceptical(怀疑的)．They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world.It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres.In places it is more than 370 metres deep.
56．How many sightings of the monster does the article report? (only one word)
___________________________________________________________
57．Who saw the monster clearly, and why? (within 20 words)
___________________________________________________________
58．Which description of the monster is most detailed? (within 3 words)
___________________________________________________________
59．When was the monster first sighted? (within 8 words)
___________________________________________________________
60．What is special about Lake Tianchi? (within 10 words)
___________________________________________________________
Ⅵ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I will like to tell you something about our school.The school was found in 1913.It has a history of more than 80 years.At first it was a school of boys only.Girls were allowed to enter until 1919.Now there are about 2,100 boys and girls in our school.They are come from all parts of the city.Most of whom are living and having meal at school.They are clever and diligent.All the teachers of our shool are best teachers in our city.They love their students and their teach work.There are 20 teachers of English in our school.They are most women.But my English teacher is a young man.We are all glad to be studying in the school.
Ⅶ.书面表达(满分35分)
广告在现代生活中随处可见，弊益明显。请以 “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisements”为题，写一篇短文。
Advantages
Disadvantages
促销
虚假信息
提供信息，扩大消费者选择面
误导消费者
降低价格
浪费时间
关注社会问题
浪费金钱
视觉享受，心情愉悦
视觉疲劳
参考词汇：
降低：decrease；视觉上地：visually；控告，指责：accuse；误导：mislead
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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课时作业(五)
Ⅰ.1.buried 2.occurred 3.furniture 4.experience 5.caused 6.floods 7.violent 8.struck
Ⅱ.1.C 句意：虽然年轻，但David已经获得了丰富的社会经验。 experience表示“经验”时，是不可数名词，表示抽象概念，其前不用冠词；society在此为抽象名词，其前亦不加冠词，故选C。
2．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。表示“学会”用pick up。bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出”；look up 表示“向上看；查阅”；set up表示“建立”。
3．B 考查动词cause的用法。句意：什么使他改变了主意？你知道，他很顽固的。cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事，而suggest不构成suggest sb. to do sth.
4．D 暴风雨、地震等“侵袭”某一地区可用strike或hit；但hit的过去式、过去分词为原形。
5．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为职员加盟公司，他得到了迅速的提升，并且最终当上了经理。end up“最终”；drop out “退出，辍学”；come back“回来”；start off “起身，出发”。根据题意选A。
6．C 句意：2013年3月4日河北艾家沟发生了煤矿事故，造成12人死亡。根据句意可知第一个空可填occurred或happened，但第二空必须填causing。causing more than 12 deaths作结果状语。相当于and it caused more than 12 deaths。干扰项是D，虽然动词不定式也表示结果，但强调意外。
7．D 句意：我们打算到广州过春节，我的祖父母和一些亲戚都住在那里。先行词是表示地点的名词，且定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故用where引导。
8．A the reason for sth./doing sth.“做某事的原因”。the cause of “……的理由”；purpose“目的”；desire“渴望”。
9．B bury oneself in 意为“使自己专注于…”。
10．B 句中逗号后没有任何连词，因此不是并列谓语，可排除A项；C 项时态不对也可排除；现在分词killing可作状语表示飞机坠毁的结果，而不定式作结果状语时往往用only to do形式。
11．D 根据by the time we get there来判断，主句应该用将来完成时。
12．A “某人发生了……事”用happen to sb.，而break out指“(战争、火灾)等爆发”。
13．D 句意：当那位士兵脱下衬衫时，他发现他的胳膊青一块紫一块的。take off此处意为“脱掉”，符合题意。take on“呈现，承担”；take over“接管”；take in“接受，理解”。
14．A 句意：这件家具的木头表面上布满了斜纹。furniture意为“家具”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
15．B 由答句“three times per week”可知此处是对频度提问，要用how often，故答案为B。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。玫瑰和柏树和平相处，它们都把精力放在了自己的生长上，而没有互相攀比。
1．D 从后文大师通过玫瑰和柏树相邻共生给国王释疑，可以推测这里是指国王想比邻国的(neighboring)国王更强大。
2．C
3．B 国王坐下后，开始(started)讲述此行(visit)的目的。
4．A 这里并没有表现出大师情绪上的大喜大悲，他只是耐心地(patiently)听完国王的讲述。
5．C 下文garden有提示：他让国王到花园(garden)去看看。
6．D 下句teach有提示：它们就是你人生的良师(teachers)。
7．B 从文章第一段就可以知道，国王来此的目的不是为了设计、建造或注意什么，而是想学习如何比邻国国王更强大。
8．A 于是，国王走进花园，看到了(saw)那两棵植株。
9．C 下文understand有提示：但是他无法理解(understand)要从中学到什么。
10．D 从上下文可知，国王这里是不知道大师是什么意思(mean)。
11．B 上文国王在问话，所以大师在这里作了解释(explained)。
12．A 从本空前后两句可知，玫瑰和柏树都没想过要变成对方，所以它们的想法是相似的。
13．B 上文提到玫瑰和柏树和平共处，这里提出假设：如果人是柏树的话，就会与玫瑰做比较(compared)。
14．C 由本空前jealous和本空后beautiful推断：漂亮的玫瑰花得到了众人的关注(attention)。
15．D 从本空前后两句的句式及句意可判断，这两句是并列关系。故答案选D项。
16．A 如果人要是玫瑰花的话，他就会羡慕地看着(looked at)柏树。
17．C 根据本空后很多人打扰玫瑰的事实判断：柏树是多么的安宁(peaceful)。
18．D 人们过多地关注对于玫瑰来说就是一种烦扰(trouble)。
19．B
20．A 本空后using有提示：它们都生长得很好是因为它们把所有的精力都用在了(used)自己的生长(growth)上。
Ⅳ.1.B 主旨大意题。文章主要论述了如何消除震后人们的伤痛、恐惧等心理问题，故选B项。
2．D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知应选D项。
3．A 词义猜测题。文章主要讲了地震给人们造成的心理、精神问题以及如何消除这种心理、精神问题，故我们也要尽力满足他们的心理或精神需求。mental精神的；physical身体的，物理的；material物质的；professional专业的。
4．C 细节理解题。根据文章第七段可知C项与“Tell them that there's a solution to every problem”不符。
Ⅴ.1.A traffic accident happened last night, causing three deaths. 2.By the time he was three，he hadn't seen his father. 3.It occurred to me that I had seen the man a few days before. 4.Always leave things where you can find them without effort. 5.Be careful while you are driving.Or you will end up in an accident.
综合检测(五)
1．C 考查固定搭配。句意：在与人相处时我们经常强调诚实的重要性。stress the importance of是固定短语， 表示“强调……的重要性”。
2．A 句意： 房间里所有的东西都很乱， 但她很快就使一切井井有条。out of order发生故障， 乱的； put...in order按顺序排好， 使……井井有条。
3．A 句意：虽然郭先生钢琴学得晚，可是他弹得即使不比刘小姐好，也至少和她一样好。因为有Miss Liu作宾语，than不可以省略，所以排除B和D。no better than “两者都不好”，而本题是说郭先生弹得不错，故排除C项；not better than不比……好。
4．C 句意：所有的人生来就是平等的，所以男人和女人应该同工同酬。equal在此句中都表示“平等”之意，第一个equal在句中作主语补足语，第二个equal在句中作定语。
5．D the reason后跟定语从句时，用why引导，表语从句用that引导，构成“The reason why...is that...”句型。
6．B 句意——你第一次遇到那个女孩就爱上她了吗？——是的。我们现在过着幸福的生活。the first time作连词用，可直接引导时间状语从句，the first time you met her相当于when you first met her。for the first time的作用相当于一个副词。
7．C 句意：我到达后，布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。分析题干可知后句为限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应选择关系副词where。解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
8．D 句意：这个男孩在那场可怕的地震中失去了双亲，所以他是由政府抚养长大的。bring out“带出来”；bring up“抚养长大”；raised up应去掉up；grow up“长大”。
9．B 句意：现在对妇女来说在政府部门拥有重要职位是很普遍的。situation常用in连用，表示“处于一种……的状况”；position职位；place位置；site指建筑物的位置，根据句意故选B。
10．A 句意：——我认为John不可能记得那个强盗的样子。——你完全错了。我知道当时天很黑，但他确实看到了强盗的脸——我确定。did在此意为“确实，的确”，用于对谓语动词see进行强调。
【语篇解读】 理查德J.罗伯茨，英国生物化学家，因发现断裂基因获1993年诺贝尔医学奖。本篇文章中他回忆了对他一生都有着深刻影响的一位小学老师。
11．B 由此空后的“with about 25 children in each class according to age.”可知，此处是说“我”的学校很小，只有四个班级。
12．D 学校很小，通常一位老师负责“教”所有的科目。
13．C 由上文可知，大多数时候都是一位老师负责教所有的科目，由本句话的“However”可知此处是转折，也就是说校长偶尔也会来教课。
14．B 由下文“if he had asked for leave.”可知，在老师请假的时候校长会代替他讲课。
15．A 由语境可知，此处是解释“It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at”。
16．C 作为校长，Mr. Broackes在学校纪律上的要求非常严格。
17．D 上文说校长很严厉，按理说孩子们是不大喜欢这样的校长(老师)的，但由转折词“Although”可知，此处是说尽管他很严厉，但还是很受学生欢迎。
18．A 此处解释的是为什么学生喜欢他，由此空前的“humorous”可知，此处是说他很幽默，经常讲小故事逗“我们”开心。
19．B 由下文“The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed.”可知，此处是说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣，对很多学生都有深刻的影响。
20．A 上文说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣，只有他发现“我”喜欢做难题，才会有下文的“他给我难题纸条”。
21．B 由文章情境可知，校长总是在我去上课的路上“拦住”我，从口袋里掏出一张写好难题的纸条给我。
22．D 由but可知puzzles起来越难，而不是越有趣。
23．A 由文章情境可知，此处是说校长培养了“我”对解决难题的钟爱。
24．C 现在“我”还保持着对解决难题的钟爱。
25．B 现在“我”还能够记得每次在我成功地解决一道难题后校长兴奋的喊声。
26．A 参考上题解析。
27．D 并不是每一道难题“我”都能成功地解决，当“我”失败时，他会露出狡黠的笑容。
28．A 校长培养了“我”的个人兴趣，对“我”一生都有着深刻的影响，“我”认为能遇见他是“我”的幸运。
29．C 离开学校后，我也一直拜访他。
30．D “我”拜访校长是因为“我”需要他面对面的指导。
31．B 细节判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Mahjong is a game that first appeared in China...”和第三段关于其发明者的种种说法可知，麻将是中国人发明的。
32．C 段落大意题。第二段讲述了一副麻将共有152张牌，开始每位玩家有13张牌，通过按次序的吃牌和出牌来获取自己需要的第14张牌，所以本段主要介绍了打麻将的基本规则。
33．B 细节理解题。由第三段第五句可知，关于麻将的起源，一种说法认为是在太平天国运动中，官兵为了消磨时光而发明了麻将游戏，故B为正确选项。
34．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This is the first known written account(描述)of mahjong in any language other than Chinese.”可知，最先描述麻将的语言是汉语，然后才出现Stewart Culin的英语描述。
35．C 主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，大部分人知道达尔文是生物进化论之父，但是不被广为人知的是他是什么样的人。下文主要是讲达尔文的童年以及他在学校的表现。
36．D 推理判断题。根据第一段中达尔文的父亲对达尔文说的话不难推断，父亲认为达尔文长大后会一事无成，会使达尔文自己和家庭都蒙羞。
37．C 词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句话可知，达尔文小时候在学校并不是出类拔萃的学生，只是一名很普通的学生，故此处应选C项ordinary。
38．A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，达尔文觉得古典文化、古代史和希腊语都很枯燥。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过叙述作者和家人乘坐晚点航班而获得补偿的故事阐明了作者对于花钱购物的认识。在作者看来，我们在花钱的时候要精打细算，做到花钱有所值，不能一味地追求享受而浪费钱财。
39．A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的第五句“The flight was overbooked，and Delta，the airline，offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.”可知，由于预计这趟航班的乘客过多，因此航空公司决定对于那些愿意退票，然后乘坐次日航班返回的人每人返还400美元。
40．A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的前两句及第三段第二句中的“But as a bigtime bargain hunter”可知，作者很少错过很便宜的东西，故A项符合题意。
41．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade.可知，作者是NBC的一个记者，是从事媒体行业的，所以选C。A项“她是一个老师”；B项“她是一个家庭主妇”；D项“她是一个女商人”，这些与原文信息都不一致。
42．C 主旨大意题。本文主要通过记叙作者和家人有一次度假旅游后，由于航空公司超额售票而导致他们不得不放弃原来的航班而接受补偿的故事，引出了自己在花钱购物方面的认识。她认为我们花钱应该有所值，花钱的时候要考虑所购买东西的价值，所以选C。A项表示“怎样揭露诡计”，原文没有信息支持；B项表示“怎样预留航班座位”；D项表示“怎样达成一个商业交易”，与本文的主要信息不一致。
43．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的it says in a female voice with an American accent可知应选D。
44．C 细节理解题。根据末段的But some will just get bored of it 可知Lona Sandon认为可能有些购买者会很快对Autom失去兴趣。
45．D 推理判断题。本文主要是关于一款能帮助人减肥的机器人的，在科技版面里最有可能读到这篇文章。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普性短文。提到复活节，人们自然想到复活节兔子，它是复活节象征之一，象征着重生与希望，但是现在由于气候变暖，兔子们处境危险，本文以五种兔子的实际情况加以说明。
46．B 推理判断题。根据常识可知，一提到复活节，人们自然会想到复活节兔子，再看后文大篇幅介绍五种兔子的处境，不难看出开篇提及复活节，是为了引出有关兔子的话题。
47．A 词义猜测题。前文说不是孩子们拽兔子耳朵的问题，重点是后文的气温升高对美国至少五种兔子带来坏影响，所以气候变化是罪魁祸首，culprit相当于criminal“犯罪者”。
48．C 推理判断题。由于下雪的日子减少，到了春秋季节雪兔依然是白色，没有像以往进行颜色变化以保护自己，由此可以看出，雪兔因为没有适应气候变化，以至于容易被捕猎者捕获。
49．D 细节理解题。介绍rock rabbits时说：they already occupy the mountaintops/They can't go any higher；另外说：The volcano rabbit has the same problem.。显然这两种兔子面临的问题是没有更高之地迁徙了。
50．B 作者态度题。文章首尾呼应，作者对兔子的生存环境满是担忧与关注。A.赞许的；B.关心的，担忧的；C.热情的；D.怀疑的。
51－55 FDCGA
56．Three/3
57．Li Xiaohe and his family，because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.
58．The soldiers'/The second.
59．The beginning of (the) last century.
60．It's the highest volcanic lake in the world.
短文改错
第一句：will→would 第二句：found→founded 第四句：of→for 第五句：were后加not 第七句：去掉are或come 第八句：whom→them，meal→meals 第十句：best前加the 第十一句：teach→teaching 第十三句：most→mostly
【参考范文】
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisements
The ad is around us every day and everywhere with its apparent advantages and disadvantages. We are involved in it，experiencing its good and bad.
People who are for it believe that the ad provides the information about the latest products so as to increase sales and decrease the cost of goods.An ad helps customers to choose among all the available products by explaining features，functions or services.Good ads still can please customers visually and physically，and even can make the public aware of social problems.
Those who are against ads accuse some companies of using ads to mislead us by giving false information.Such bad ads，tiring our thoughts and eyeballs，take customers too much time or space on TV or in newspapers with the only purpose of cheating money.It's immoral!
An ad is like a two-edged sword.Anyway，we can be smart buyers if we can tell the difference between fiction and the fact.
课时作业(九) Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Our education system should provide ________ (平等)opportunities for all children.
2．He emphasized the________(重要性)of careful driving.
3. The police are sent there to keep ________ (秩序)．
4．His father has a high ________ (职位)in the government.
5．The report ________(强调)that students math skills need to improve.
6．You'd better not ________ (辞职)before you find a better job.
7．She is a most ________ (有影响的)figure in local politics.
8．I take this seriously.It's a matter of______(原则)．
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．All men are created ________ and we must enjoy ________ rights and chances in everything.
A．fair；same B．similarly；fair
C．equal；equal D．fairly；equal
2．If the two sides want to cooperate smoothly，they should first reach an agreement on the basic ________.
A．standards B．practice
C．habits D．principle
3．Every one of us wants to live ________，but some countries are still ________ with each other.
A．in peace；in war B．in peace；at war
C．on peace；at war D．on peace；in war
4．(2013·浙江高考)Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up
C．bring up D．take up
5．He ________ office in 2012 and ________ from office a year later.
A．took；left B．takes；left
C．took；resigned D．resigned；took
6．To keep the room tidy，you should put everything
________.
A．in the position B．in orders
C．in position D．in the order
7．(2013·万县高一调研)There was ________ time ________ he often went to the cinema with Jane.
A．a；when B．a；that
C．the；that D．the；when
8．As an ________ philosopher with a lot of teachings，Confucius had a great influence ________ Chinese people through generations.
A．influential；for B．influential；on
C．influenced；for D．influenced；on
9．(2013·乐山高一检测)Every day we have to face new challenges and problems.Actually，________ isn't such a bad thing as is often supposed to be.
A．stress B．force
C．belief D．effect
10．The time ________ Tom will never forget is ________ Mr.Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.
A．that；when B．that；that
C．when；that D．when；where
11．Do you remember those days ________ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A．when B．where
C．which D．who
12．I don't like ________ you treat your parents.They are your parents，after all.
A．the way B．the way in that
C．the way which D．the way of which
13．With the development of international communication，English is more and more ________.
A．of important B．of importance
C．important D．B and C
14．The old lady ________ when I was in the countryside is said to be still very much living though in her nineties.
A．after whom I looked B．whom I took care
C．who I looked after D．of whom I took care
15．The reason ________ Justin failed in the exam was ________ he missed some of the lessons because of his illness.
A．which；why B．because；that
C．how；why D．why；that
Ⅲ.完形填空
Mr.Dawson was an old bad-tempered man，and everyone in the town knew about it.Kids dared not go into his yard to pick __1__.One Saturday，Janet was going to __2__ all night with her friend Amy.They __3__ to walk by Dawson's house on the way to Amy's house.When they got __4__ enough，they found Dawson looking up with his usual frown (皱眉)，but when he saw __5__ was Amy，a broad smile changed his entire __6__.“Hello，Miss Amy.You've got a little friend with you today.”Amy smiled __7__ and told him that they would listen to some music and play games.Dawson had the best apples in the town.He __8__ them each a fresh apple.They gladly accepted.
Janet asked Amy，“Why was he so __9__ to us？”
Amy explained that at first he wasn't very __10__ and she was afraid of him，but she __11__ he was wearing an invisible (看不见的) smile，so she always smiled back at him.It took a __12__，but one day he half smiled back at her.After some more time，he started smiling real smiles and __13__ with her.
“An invisible smile？”asked Janet.“Yes，”answered Amy，“my grandma told me that if I __14__ that I wasn't afraid and imagined he was smiling an invisible smile __15__ I smiled back，sooner or later，he __16__ would smile.”
How simple it can be to bring __17__ to ourselves and others！All it takes is to __18__ smiles.You can't save them and you can't store them.The only way you can make them good is to __19__ them.To be sure，nothing unusual may happen other than you've __20__ your attitude.So do always wear smiles!
1．A.flowers B．stones
C．apples D．grapes
2．A.stay B．sing
C．walk D．study
3．A.liked B．had
C．planed D．preferred
4．A.close B．nervous
C．tired D．bored
5．A.he B．she
C．this D．it
6．A.mind B．face
C．design D．action
7．A.again B．back
C．quickly D．painfully
8．A.offered B．mailed
C．sold D．lent
9．A.mean B．nice
C．helpful D．rude
10．A.angry B．healthy
C．friendly D．handsome
11．A.saw B．found
C．guessed D．imagined
12．A.while B．second
C．minute D．day
13．A.going B．agreeing
C．dancing D．chatting
14．A.showed B．mentioned
C．pretended D．lied
15．A.but B．after
C．or D．and
16．A.cheerfully B．really
C．seriously D．strangely
17．A.happiness B．anger
C．difficulty D．answer
18．A.depend on B．care about
C．search for D．give away
19．A.help B．love
C．share D．divide
20．A.formed B．believed
C．improved D．avoided
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Kong Zi，also called Confucius (551－479 B．C.)，and Socrates(苏格拉底) (469－399 B．C.) lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace，though there were more wars in Greece than in China.The Chinese states were very large and feudal，while the Greek city-states were small and urban.The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius.Unlike Confucius，Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively.Thus，Socrates was able to be more idealistic，focusing on issues like freedom，and knowledge for its own sake.Confucius，on the other hand，advised those in government service，and many of his students went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life.“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth，though some had more potential than others，and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on the individual，and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的)classes.
For Socrates，the family was of no importance，and the community of little concern.For Confucius，however，the family was the centre of society，with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common.
B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates' ideas.
C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers'
ideas.
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
2．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________.
A．all men were equal when they were born
B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
3．What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A．Family. B．Potential.
C．Knowledge. D．Community.
4．This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.
A．time and events
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect
D．definition and classification
Ⅴ.翻译句子
1．他考试不及格的原因是他学习不刻苦。(the reason why...is that...)
___________________________________________________________
2．他是由祖父母抚养大的。(bring up)
___________________________________________________________
3．那段时间里人们都期望孩子们成功。(a time when)
___________________________________________________________
4．医生命令赶快将病人送到医院。(order)
___________________________________________________________
5．在人和人之间的关系上，他们特别强调仁爱的重要性。(stress)
___________________________________________________________
课时作业(九)
Ⅰ.1.equal 2.importance 3.order 4.position
5．stressed 6.resign 7.influential 8.principle
Ⅱ.1.C 句意：所有人生来是平等的，我们必须在各个方面享受平等的权利和机会。equal在此句中都表示“平等”。第一个空是形容词作主语补足语，表示状态。第二个空是形容词作定语，修饰right。
2．D 句意：如果双方想顺利合作，就应该先在基本原则上达成一致。on the basic principle“基本原则上”；standard“标准”；habit“习惯”；practice“实行，实践”。
3．B 句意：我们每个人都想生活在和平中，但是一些国家仍然相互战争。第一个空考查短语in/at peace 处于和平状态。第二个空考查be at war with和……交战。
4．B 句意：熊在整个夏天和秋天储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量维持它们冬眠期的生命。pack up停止工作，收拾行装；build up逐渐增加，逐渐积累，逐渐增强；bring up教育，抚养；呕吐；take up从事，开始。根据题干的意思可知正确答案为B项。题干中have sth.to last sb.结构意为“足够某人使用/维持”。
5．C 句意：他于2012年宣誓就职并且一年后辞职。根据句子的语意应用一般过去时，排除B项。take office就职；resign from office辞职。由from知C项最佳。
6．C 句意：为了让屋子整洁，你应该把一切放在适当的位置。in position 在适当的位置。
7．A 句意：有一段时期他经常和Jane 一起去看电影。time表示时期时需加冠词“a”，其后的定语从句用when引导。
8．B influential adj.表示“有影响力的”；have an influence on 表示“对……有影响”。
9．A 句意：每天我们都必须面对新的挑战和问题。事实上，压力并不像常常认为的那样是一件这么糟糕的事情。stress“压力”，符合句意。force“力量”；belief “信念”；effect“影响”。
10．A 第一空用that，that引导定语从句，同时在从句中作宾语；第二空用when，when引导表语从句，同时在从句中作时间状语。
11．C 定语从句中spent后缺少宾语，故选C。
12．A 句意：我不喜欢你对待你父母的方式。别忘了，他们是你的父母。way后面定语从句的引导词可以是that/in which或省略。
13．D 句意：随着国际交流的发展，英语越来越重要。important＝of importance。
14．C 此定语从句的正确表达是whom/who I took care of或whom/who I looked after。take care of/look after是固定短语，介词of/after在定语从句中不能提前。
15．D 考查定语从句。此处考查The reason why...is that...句式，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句，故选D。
Ⅲ.1.C 由“Mr. Dawson was an old bad-tempered man...”和“Dawson had the best apples in the town.”可知孩子们不敢去Dawson 的院子里摘苹果。
2．A 由语境可知 Janet打算一整夜都和Amy待在一起。
3．B “...walk by Dawson's house on the way to Amy's house，”可知她们不得不路过 Dawson 的家。
4．A 由下文“...they found Dawson looking up with his usual frown...”可知她们走近了Dawson的家。
5．D 由下文可知Dawson最初没有看清楚走过来的是Amy，当不确定对方身份时可用it指代。
6．B 由上文“...a broad smile...”可知当 Dawson发现Amy的时候，他不皱眉了，露出了笑容，面部表情完全改变了。
7．B 由上文可知 Dawson先对 Amy笑了。因此，Amy也向他微笑。
8．A 由下文“They gladly accepted.”及语境可知Dawson 给她们每人一个苹果。
9．B 由语境可知Janet 对 Dawson 的友好感到惊讶。
10．C 由下文“...she was afraid of him...”可知Dawson最初对Amy并不友好。
11．D 由下文“...imagined he was smiling an invisible smile...”可知答案。
12．A 由下文“...but one day he half smiled back at her.”和语境可知，Dawson在Amy一段时间的感染下，终于有一天要开始向Amy微笑了。
13．D 又经过了一段时间，Dawson不仅向Amy微笑，还和她聊天。
14．C 由上文Amy起初很怕Dawson可推知，听了奶奶的建议后，Amy是假装不害怕的。
15．D “Amy想象Dawson 正向她微笑”和“Amy也向Dawson微笑”是两个先后发生的动作，可用“and”连接。
16．B 由语境可知奶奶的目的是让Amy 用微笑感动Dawson。这样，Dawson迟早会真正地向Amy微笑。
17．A 由上文可知Amy并没有做太多的事情，却打动了Dawson，让 Dawson露出了笑容。可见，带给自己和他人快乐是一件多么简单的事情啊！
18．D 由上文可知Amy见到Dawson只是“送出”她的微笑，却给 Dawson带来了快乐。
19．C 由上文可知Amy通过分享“微笑”改变了Dawson，也实现了“微笑”的价值。
20．C 由本文最后一句“So do always wear smiles”可推知作者此处意在告诫人们要改变自己的态度，这样，奇迹才有可能发生。
Ⅳ.1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句推知“...and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies”是本段的主题句。而A项在第一段没有提及；B项与D项与第一段的“during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece”不符。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior classes.”可以判断。
3．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“...and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。
4．B 主旨大意题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。
Ⅴ.1.The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't work hard. 2.He was brought up by his grandparents. 3.It was a time when all the children were expected to succeed. 4.The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital at once.
5．They stress the importance of kindness and love in human relations.
课时作业(十) Cultural Corner & Writing
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have ________(发明) a new way of making silk.
2．His black ________(皮革) couch looks expensive.
3．Though used for more than 5 years，my car is still in good ________(状况)．
4．In the supermarket I had an ________(争论) with the saleswoman.
5．In China we enjoy ________(自由) of speech and religion.
6．We've never doubted her________(诚实)．
7．Passengers on flying boats rested in________(柔弱的) seats.
8．The ________(燃料) in that area is running out.
9．Li Ning made great ________ (贡献) to China's gymnastics.
10．People respect the judge for his________(公正) in the work.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·广安高一调研)The boy argues ________ his classmates ________ some things of little importance frequently，which makes them angry.
A．of；into B．with；about
C．on；for D．to；over
2．He is always ________ his excellent spoken English；while his sister takes ________ her beauty.
A．proud of；pride of B．proud in；pride in
C．proud in；pride of D．proud of；pride in
3．(2013·内江高一质检)He promised to do that for me ________ I allowed him ________ for a few days.
A．on condition that；to leave
B．on condition if；to leave
C．on condition that；leaving
D．on the condition that；leaving
4．I thought her nice and honest ________ I met her.
A．first time B．for the first time
C．the first time D．by the first time
5．It is too bad for someone in such a high ________ in the government to behave badly in public.
A．position B．situation
C．profession D．condition
6．—You are always scolding him，aren't you?
—Yes，what he eats ________ harm to his health.
A．does do B．do do
C．does did D．do does
7．—Do you know who ________ the telephone?
—No，but it's really useful.
A．invented B．found
C．discovered D．developed
8．________，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable，and readily available form of exercise.
A．As a conclusion B．In a conclusion
C．As conclusion D．In conclusion
9．(2013·泸州高一检测)Smoking too much may ________ lung cancer and cause other diseases.
A．devote to B．attend to
C．contribute to D．come to
10．The film is ________ that one.Neither of them is worth seeing.
A．not interesting than
B．not more interesting than
C．no more interesting than
D．no interesting than
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Confucius (551－497 BC) was a thinker，educator，and founder of the Ru School for Chinese thought.
He was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law，life，and the government that helped many people learn about nature，the world，and human beings.
Confucius's social philosophy largely centers around the concept of “ren”，which is “loving others” and “honoring one's parents”．Those who have developed “ren” are “simple in manner and slow of speech”．For Confucius，such concern for others is proved through the practice of the Golden Rule：“What you do not wish for yourself，do not do to others.”
Confucius thinks a good rulership was to have “de” or “virtue” which allows one to win people's support without using any force and keep good order in his state without troubling himself，and that a ruler should rule his people by his own example and treat them with love and concern.
A characteristic of Confucius' thought is his emphasis (强调) on education and study.“A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.” and he also thinks “He who learns but does not think is lost.He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy；these were handed down only through his students.Lun Yu，a book compiled (编撰) by some of his students，is considered the most dependable source of information about his life and teachings.One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited，The Spring and Autumn Annals，is describing Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 to 481 BC.
Since Confucius's teachings and philosophy was so advanced, it was the education for China for 2,000 years.It is called Confucianism.
1．The passage mainly discusses ________.
A．Confucius and his great thought
B．the life of Confucius
C．Confucius's influence on students
D．Confucius's teaching methods
2．Confucius's philosophic thinking can help people know about all the following EXCEPT ________.
A．humans B．nature
C．the world D．the sun
3．Which of the following expresses Confucius's educational idea?
A．What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.
B．Learning and thinking should go hand in hand.
C．“Loving others” and “honoring one's parents”．
D．A ruler should love and care about his people.
4．We can infer from the passage that a teacher should be a person who ________.
A．is old and experienced enough
B．learns but doesn't think
C．does things according to good old ways
D．thinks a lot but doesn't learn
B
Along with silk and paper，gunpowder is another invention by Chinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West.The dating of gunpowder is as early as 850 AD.The Chinese used gunpowder to make fireworks and for signal flares.Gunpowder was also thought to have been used in medicine and in alchemy(炼金术)．This invention seems to have been discovered in China by accident－by alchemists when doing experiments.
The gunpowder used for military purpose was first recorded in 919 AD.By the 11th century，explosive bombs filled with gunpowder were introduced and used in China.The words “fire cannon”，“rocket” and “fireball” appeared time and again in the official Song history as well as two other books written during the same period.
The first detailed description of using the “fire cannon” in warfare(战争) was in connection with a battle fought in 1126 when the Song army used it against the invading enemy.The so-called “fire cannon” was a tube made of bamboo filled with gunpowder which, when fired，threw a flaming missile towards the enemy.According to a description of a battle scene in 1132，it took two persons to carry a “fire cannon” and the cannons were fired from a moving platform.And this platform had to be moved close to the wall of the besieged(被围攻的) city.
The Chinese invention of gunpowder reached Japan，the Islamic countries and then Europe in the 13th century and the Arabs improved gunpowder for military use.The early account of gunpowder in Europe was recorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century.One century later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and the next year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon and cannon balls.From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries，and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.
5．According to this passage，we can learn that gunpowder ________.
A．was invented earlier than silk and paper
B．was used for military purpose as soon as it was invented
C．was used in fireworks，medicine，alchemy and military purpose
D．was spread from the West to China
6．Gunpowder was discovered ________.
A．by alchemists when they had an accident
B．by alchemists after studying it for a long time
C．accidentally by alchemists
D．experimentally by alchemists
7．Which of the following words can best describe a “fire cannon”？
A．Convenient. B．Heavy.
C．Useless. D．Simple.
8．What is the BEST title of the passage?
A．Powerful Fire Cannons
B．Four Inventions of Ancient China
C．The Discovery of the Alchemists
D．Gunpowder
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．我第一次见到他时，我就认为他很好且很诚实。(first time)
___________________________________________________________
2．这本小说并不比那本有趣多少。(no＋比较级＋than)
___________________________________________________________
3．汤姆的健康状况很好，但生活条件非常糟糕。(condition)
___________________________________________________________
4．我为我们伟大的祖国而自豪。(proud)
___________________________________________________________
5．查理·卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。(contribution)
___________________________________________________________
课时作业(十)
Ⅰ.1.invented 2.leather 3.condition 4.argument 5.freedom 6.honesty 7.soft 8.fuel 9.contributions 10.justice
Ⅱ.1.B 考查argue动词的搭配用法。argue with sb.about/over sth.意为“与某人争论某事”。故正确答案为B。
2．D be proud of/take pride in意为“为……骄傲/自豪”。
3．A on condition that意为“条件是……”，allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
4．C for the first time只能单独作状语，不能用作连词。此处用the first time引导时间状语从句，故选C。
5．A position职位；situation形势；profession职业；condition条件。someone in such a high position意为“职位如此高的人”。
6．A 考查对动词强调的句型。强调谓语动词用do的形式，再加谓语动词原形。
7．A 句意：——你知道是谁发明了电话吗？——不知道，但电话的确很有用。invent发明；find找到，发现；discover发现；develop研制，开发，发展。
8．D 句意：总之，步行是一种便宜，安全，愉悦和容易进行的锻炼方式。in conclusion为固定搭配，意为“总之”。
9．C 句意：吸烟过多可能导致肺癌和其他疾病。contribute to“有助于，引起”，符合句意。devote to要构成devote one's time/energy/life to搭配；attend to“处理，照料”；come to“谈到，到达”。
10．C no＋比较级＋than表示“两者一样不”。not＋比较级＋than表示“前者不如后者”，由Neither of them is worth seeing.可知，两部影片都没趣。
Ⅲ.1.A 主旨大意题。文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学；第四 段谈论的是他的政治哲学；第五段是他的教育观点；所以A符合句意。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分“...helped many people learn about nature，the world，and human beings.”可知没有提到D项。
3．B 细节理解题。A、C都反映了他的社会观，D反映了他的政治观，从第五段可以看出B反映了他的教育观。
4．C 推理判断题。从倒数第三段中good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人，因此选C。
5．C 根据第一段内容可知，火药应用于焰火、医药、炼金和军事方面。火药是古代中国四大发明之一，故D项错；读完文章可了解到，火药是继丝绸和纸之后的发明，故A项错：发明约半个世纪后才有用于军事方面的记载，故B项错。所以C项为正确答案。
6．C 由第一段最后一句可知，火药是炼金匠在实验过程中偶然发明的。
7．B 文章第三段中描述到这种大炮需要两个人抬，因此一定是很重的。
8．D 本文是围绕火药的发明、应用、传播展开叙述的。所以中心话题就是“Gunpowder”。
Ⅳ.1.I thought he was kind and honest the first time I met him. 2.This novel is no more interesting than that one. 3.Tom is in very good condition，but his living conditions are very bad. 4.I am proud of our great country. 5.Charlie Chapin made a great contribution to the film industry.
