综合检测(五)
Module 5 Great People and GreatInventions of Ancient China
(满分：120分；时间100分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
1. They had been at ________ war for five years，and there was still no ________ sign of victory.
A．a；a B．the；the
C．/；/ D．/；a
2．(2013·德州高一调研)We often ________ the importance of honesty when getting along with others.
A．speak B．talk
C．stress D．tell
3．(2013·曲阜高一检测)All the things in the room were ________，but she quickly put them ________.
A．out of order；in order
B．out of order；on order
C．in order；in order
D．out of order；out of order
4．Though he started late，Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if ________， Miss Liu.
A．not better than B．not better
C．no better than D．no better
5．All men are created ________，so men and women should enjoy the ________ work and pay.
A．fair；same B．similarly；fair
C．equal；equal D．fairly；equal
6．The reason ________ I was late for the school was ________ I was held up by traffic jam in the morning.
A．why；because B．that；that
C．that；because D．why；that
7．John lent me the money ________ I paid it back next Saturday.
A．on condition that B．in condition that
C．on condition which D．in condition which
8．(2013·莱芜高一月考)—Did you fall in love with that girl ________ you met her?
—Yes.Now we lead a happy life.
A．for the first time B．the first time
C．first time D．by the first time
9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying.
A．what B．when
C．where D．which
10．The boy lost his parents in such a terrible earthquake，so he was ________ by the government.
A．brought out B．raised up
C．grown up D．brought up
11．—It is a pity that you have ________ from the company.After all，it is a well-paid job.
—There is nothing serious.I don't like the way they ________ me.
A．left；think B．retired；regard
C．resigned；treat D．designed；behave
12．—What happened over there?
—They argued ________ the waiter ________ the price of the meal.
A．to；for B．against；over
C．for；at D．with；about
13．Now it is common for women to hold important ________ in the government.
A．situations B．positions
C．places D．sites
14．At that time，his country was ________ Japan，so hearing from him was extremely difficult.
A．at war with B．at the war with
C．at war against D．during the war with
15．—I don't believe that John can remember what the robber was like.
—You're quite wrong.I know it was dark，but he ________ the robber's face—I'm sure of it!
A．did see B．was seeing
C．had seen D．would see
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
From age eight to eleven，I attended a small school in our village.It was made up of four __16__ with about 25 children in each class according to age.Most of the time，one teacher was responsible for __17__ all subjects.However，the head master would __18__ come into the only classroom and gave lessons __19__ the teacher if he had asked for leave.It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at __20__ he could give us lessons on all the subjects.
The headmaster's name was Ronald Broackes.He was a large fat man born with optimism.Although he was quite __21__ about rules within the school，all the students there __22__ him as he was humorous (幽默的) and would make them __23__ by telling small stories.
He paid much attention to developing students' personal interest and had a great __24__ on many of the children. In my own case, he __25__ that I enjoyed working on puzzles(难题)．He would often __26__ me on my way to class and take a piece of paper out of his pocket，with a puzzle already on it.The puzzles were usually mathematical or logical.As time went on，they gradually got more __27__，but I enjoyed them.Not only that，he helped me develop a(n) __28__ of mathematics and problem-solving that __29__ stays with me to this day.Today I can remember Mr.Broackes' excited __30__ of “Well done！”whenever I got a problem __31__ .Or he would smile cunningly(狡黠地) when I __32__ to work them out.
The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed.I always feel I was __33__ enough to have met him then.I had been __34__ Mr.Broackes in the next years as I needed his __35__face to face.He died in 1993.I will admire and respect him forever.
16．A.houses B．classes
C．areas D．subjects
17．A.discussing B．preparing
C．studying D．teaching
18．A.suddenly B．finally
C．sometimes D．slowly
19．A.in memory of B．in place of
C．in honor of D．with the help of
20．A.as B．though
C．or D．but
21．A.concerned B．careless
C．strict D．annoyed
22．A.thanked B．disliked
C．respected D．welcomed
23．A.laugh B．think
C．sleep D．speak
24．A.pity B．influence
C．goal D．pride
25．A.discovered B．doubted
C．hoped D．guessed
26．A.bother B．stop
C．surprise D．question
27．A.interesting B．troublesome
C．common D．difficult
28．A.love B．habit
C．chance D．understanding
29．A.hardly B．seldom
C．still D．nearly
30．A.explanations B．shouts
C．descriptions D．signs
31．A.solved B．raised
C．designed D．reviewed
32．A.refused B．decided
C．agreed D．failed
33．A.lucky B．regretful
C．satisfied D．successful
34．A.calling B．helping
C．visiting D．missing
35．A.praise B．care
C．greetings D．guidance
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Mahjong is a game that first appeared in China，commonly played by four players(sometimes by three players in Korea and Japan)．Mahjong is a game of skill and calculation(计算) and needs a certain degree of chance.
The game is played with a set of 152 tiles(牌)based on Chinese characters and symbols，although it is played with a different number of tiles in some regions.Mostly，each player begins by receiving thirteen tiles.In turn players draw and throw away tiles until they complete a hand using the fourteenth drawn tile to form four groups and a pair.
One story suggests that Confucius，the great Chinese philosopher，developed the game in about 500 BC.The story also says that Confucius was fond of birds，which would explain the name “mahjong”．Many historians believe it was based on a Chinese card game.Besides，there're still some other stories about who created the game. One is that Chinese army officers serving during the Taiping Rebellion (太平天国运动)created the game to pass the time.Another is that a rich man living in the Shanghai area created the game between 1870 and 1875.Others believe that two brothers from Ningbo created mahjong around 1850.
In 1895，Stewart Culin，an American，wrote a paper in which mahjong was mentioned.This is the first known written account(描述)of mahjong in any language other than Chinese.By 1910，there were written accounts in many languages，including French and Japanese.The game first appeared in America in the 1920s.The first mahjong sets sold in the U．S. were sold by Abercrombie & Fitch in 1920.
Today，the popularity and the characteristics of players of mahjong are different in different countries.It's still far more popular in Asia than in the West.Mahjong is the most popular table game in Japan.
36．According to the text we can learn that ________.
A．mahjong is played by four players
B．mahjong was developed by the Chinese
C．mahjong was named after a bird Confucius liked
D．mahjong is more popular in China than in Japan
37．The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．the birth of mahjong
B．the types of mahjong
C．the basic rule of mahjong
D．the long history of mahjong
38．The Chinese army officers serving during the Taiping Rebellion created mahjong to ________.
A．save time B．kill time
C．keep up with the times D．tell the time
39．The first language that described mahjong was
________.
A．Chinese B．French
C．Japanese D．English
40．Americans first played mahjong in ________.
A．1875 B．1895
C．1910 D．1920
B
“You care for nothing but shooting，dogs，and rat-catching.You will shame yourself and all your family，”Darwin's father once said to him.
Most people know that Charles Darwin was the father of evolutionary biology.However，what is not widely known is what sort of person he was.
In his autobiography(自传)，Darwin described himself as a rather “naughty” child.He stole fruit from the trees on the side of his parents' house，made up wild stories，and tried to be the center of attention in the family.
Even worse，it seemed that Charles Darwin was a lazy young man and a slow learner at grammar school.He was a rather shy student but he did take great pleasure in showing off his athletic skills to the other schoolboys.It is not known how well Darwin did at school，but we could say that he was likely to be an unremarkable student.
When Darwin was nine years old，his father sent him to a boy's boarding school.At this school，Darwin learned classics，ancient history，and Greek，all of which he found boring.He was not inspired much by his schooling.He found his only pleasure there was reading Shakespeare's historical plays，the poems of Byron，Scott，and Thomson.His increased interest in natural science was encouraged by events outside his formal education.
As Darwin grew older，collecting became his major hobby.It became very clear that Darwin was not taking his studies seriously.
41．What is this passage mainly about?
A．What kind of character Darwin had.
B．Why Darwin cared for nothing but animals.
C．What Darwin's childhood and school years were like.
D．What made Darwin the father of evolutionary biology.
42．We can infer from Paragraph 1 that when Darwin was a child, his father thought ________.
A．he was not a common child
B．he would become a great man
C．he didn't care about his family
D．he wouldn't achieve anything
43．By mentioning that Darwin made up wild stories，the writer probably wants to show that Darwin
________.
A．had a gift for language
B．liked to be the center of attention
C．was “naughty” when he was a child
D．was a very good storyteller
44．The underlined word “unremarkable” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．able B．honest
C．ordinary D．ugly
45．What do we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Darwin thought classics，ancient history，and Greek boring.
B．Darwin was inspired much by his schooling.
C．Darwin disliked reading Shakespeare's historical plays.
D．Darwin's interest in natural science was encouraged by events in his formal education.
C
(2013·山东高考)
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That's why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷) built into a street lamp，” he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor，there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
46．For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A．To predict a heavy rain.
B．To check the weather forecast.
C．To protect people from the rain.
D．To remind people to take an umbrella.
47．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?
A．His creation was inspired by an experience.
B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C．Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
48．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A．motor→canopy→sensors
B．sensors→motor→canopy
C．motor→sensors→canopy
D．canopy→motor→sensors
49．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A．Its moving speed. B．Its appearance.
C．Its installation. D．Its safety.
50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
D
Imagine something between a computer game and a pet that helps make you thin.One inventor，Cory Kidd，a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，did just that and came up with Autom－a robot that will look dieters in the eye and tell them what they need to hear.Users can have daily conversations with the 38-centimetre-tall robot，which will provide feedback (反馈) and encouragement on their weight-loss progress.
Its blue eyes open and its head turns as a computer inside its head allows it to search for a human face in front of it and have eye contact.“Hello，I'm Autom！Press one of the buttons below to talk to me，”it says in a female voice with an American accent. “I'm ready to get started.Let's keep working together.”Users tap their details onto the robot's screen in response to its spoken questions about weight，diet，exercise plans and goals and over time it builds up a knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of the people who want to lose weight to design its questions and advice.
Autom will hit the US market later this year，and will sell for around D|S500.The D|S86 billion US weight-loss market has already been targeted by Wii Fit and My Weight Loss Coach games, but Kidd wants Autom to offer a more personalized (个性化的) way of using technology to lose weight.
Lona Sandon，professor at the University of Texas，had not seen Autom in action and said she could not say how successful the product would be.“For some people who need feedback，it could be a good tool.But some will just get bored of it，”said Sandon.But according to Kidd，Autom's human qualities were an important factor in keeping 15 overweight people encouraged during an experiment in the Boston area.
51．The underlined word's “dieters” in Paragraph 1 refers to people who ________.
A．have no goals
B．don't eat properly
C．want to lose weight
D．like playing with robots
52．According to the passage，what can Autom NOT do?
A．Find a human face in front of it.
B．Keep eye contact with users.
C．Ask questions about weight.
D．Speak with a British accent.
53．We can infer that Autom ________.
A．is easy to operate
B．is cheaper than Wii Fit
C．can play games with its user
D．can't provide personal advice
54．In Lona Sandon's opinion，________.
A．Autom will not be popular at first
B．Autom is not suitable for the market
C．some people may lose interest in Autom after using it for a while
D．Autom can keep overweight people encouraged all the time
55．In which part of a magazine would you probably read this passage?
A．Games. B．People.
C．Health. D．Technology.
Ⅳ.阅读表达(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
(2013·江西高考)[1]Fishing is probably the world's most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.
[2]Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby.Firstly，of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species(种类)．
[3]Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items，and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation(食宿) and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.
[4]Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near—except for the smell of the bait!
[5]Those who________say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.
[6]Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.
56．What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 4 words)
___________________________________________________________
57．According to Paragraph 2, why does fishing cause little danger to the species? (no more than 8 words)
___________________________________________________________
58．List 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing. (no more than 7 words)
___________________________________________________________
59．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 4 words)
Those who________________say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers，lakes，streams and oceans.
60．What does the word “which”(Line 2, Paragraph 6) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
___________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.写作(满分30分)
广告在现代生活中随处可见，弊益明显。请以 “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisements”为题，写一篇短文。
Advantages
Disadvantages
促销
虚假信息
提供信息，扩大消费者选择面
误导消费者
降低价格
浪费时间
关注社会问题
浪费金钱
视觉享受，心情愉悦
视觉疲劳
参考词汇：
降低：decrease；视觉上地：visually；控告，指责：accuse；误导：mislead
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
综合检测(五)
1．C 考查冠词与固定搭配。be at war处于交战状态， 是固定短语， 中间没有冠词。sign虽然是可数名词， 但其前面有no, 就不需要冠词了。因为no＝not a/not any。
2．C 考查固定搭配。句意：在与人相处时我们经常强调诚实的重要性。stress the importance of是固定短语， 表示“强调……的重要性”。
3．A 句意： 房间里所有的东西都很乱， 但她很快就使一切井井有条。out of order发生故障， 乱的； put...in order按顺序排好， 使……井井有条。
4．A 句意：虽然郭先生钢琴学得晚，可是他弹得即使不比刘小姐好，也至少和她一样好。因为有Miss Liu作宾语，than不可以省略，所以排除B和D。no better than “两者都不好”，而本题是说郭先生弹得不错，故排除C项；not better than不比……好。
5．C 句意：所有的人生来就是平等的，所以男人和女人应该同工同酬。equal在此句中都表示“平等”之意，第一个equal在句中作主语补足语，第二个equal在句中作定语。
6．D the reason后跟定语从句时，用why引导，表语从句用that引导，构成“The reason why...is that...”句型。
7．A 句意：约翰把钱借给我，条件是下周六归还。on condition that“在……条件下，倘若”。
8．B 句意——你第一次遇到那个女孩就爱上她了吗？——是的。我们现在过着幸福的生活。the first time作连词用，可直接引导时间状语从句，the first time you met her相当于when you first met her。for the first time的作用相当于一个副词。
9．C 句意：我到达后，布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。分析题干可知后句为限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应选择关系副词where。解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
10．D 句意：这个男孩在那场可怕的地震中失去了双亲，所以他是由政府抚养长大的。bring out“带出来”；bring up“抚养长大”；raised up应去掉up；grow up“长大”。
11．C 句意：——很遗憾你从这家公司辞职了。毕竟，这是一份薪水不错的工作。——没什么大不了的，我不喜欢他们对待我的方式。resign“辞职”；design“设计，计划”；treat“对待”；retire“退休”；behave“举动，举止”。根据句意及词义不难判断C项正确。
12．D argue with sb.about sth.表示“就某事与某人争论”。
13．B 句意：现在对妇女来说在政府部门拥有重要职位是很普遍的。situation常用in连用，表示“处于一种……的状况”；position职位；place位置；site指建筑物的位置，根据句意故选B。
14．A be at war with 与……交战，为固定搭配 ，故选A。
15．A 句意：——我认为John不可能记得那个强盗的样子。——你完全错了。我知道当时天很黑，但他确实看到了强盗的脸——我确定。did在此意为“确实，的确”，用于对谓语动词see进行强调。
【语篇解读】 理查德J.罗伯茨，英国生物化学家，因发现断裂基因获1993年诺贝尔医学奖。本篇文章中他回忆了对他一生都有着深刻影响的一位小学老师。
16．B 由此空后的“with about 25 children in each class according to age.”可知，此处是说“我”的学校很小，只有四个班级。
17．D 学校很小，通常一位老师负责“教”所有的科目。
18．C 由上文可知，大多数时候都是一位老师负责教所有的科目，由本句话的“However”可知此处是转折，也就是说校长偶尔也会来教课。
19．B 由下文“if he had asked for leave.”可知，在老师请假的时候校长会代替他讲课。
20．A 由语境可知，此处是解释“It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at”。
21．C 作为校长，Mr. Broackes在学校纪律上的要求非常严格。
22．D 上文说校长很严厉，按理说孩子们是不大喜欢这样的校长(老师)的，但由转折词“Although”可知，此处是说尽管他很严厉，但还是很受学生欢迎。
23．A 此处解释的是为什么学生喜欢他，由此空前的“humorous”可知，此处是说他很幽默，经常讲小故事逗“我们”开心。
24．B 由下文“The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed.”可知，此处是说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣，对很多学生都有深刻的影响。
25．A 上文说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣，只有他发现“我”喜欢做难题，才会有下文的“他给我难题纸条”。
26．B 由文章情境可知，校长总是在我去上课的路上“拦住”我，从口袋里掏出一张写好难题的纸条给我。
27．D 由but可知puzzles起来越难，而不是越有趣。
28．A 由文章情境可知，此处是说校长培养了“我”对解决难题的钟爱。
29．C 现在“我”还保持着对解决难题的钟爱。
30．B 现在“我”还能够记得每次在我成功地解决一道难题后校长兴奋的喊声。
31．A 参考上题解析。
32．D 并不是每一道难题“我”都能成功地解决，当“我”失败时，他会露出狡黠的笑容。
33．A 校长培养了“我”的个人兴趣，对“我”一生都有着深刻的影响，“我”认为能遇见他是“我”的幸运。
34．C 离开学校后，我也一直拜访他。
35．D “我”拜访校长是因为“我”需要他面对面的指导。
36．B 细节判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Mahjong is a game that first appeared in China...”和第三段关于其发明者的种种说法可知，麻将是中国人发明的。
37．C 段落大意题。第二段讲述了一副麻将共有152张牌，开始每位玩家有13张牌，通过按次序的吃牌和出牌来获取自己需要的第14张牌，所以本段主要介绍了打麻将的基本规则。
38．B 细节理解题。由第三段第五句可知，关于麻将的起源，一种说法认为是在太平天国运动中，官兵为了消磨时光而发明了麻将游戏，故B为正确选项。
39．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This is the first known written account(描述)of mahjong in any language other than Chinese.”可知，最先描述麻将的语言是汉语，然后才出现Stewart Culin的英语描述。
40．D 细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，美国人最先打麻将是在1920年。
41．C 主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，大部分人知道达尔文是生物进化论之父，但是不被广为人知的是他是什么样的人。下文主要是讲达尔文的童年以及他在学校的表现。
42．D 推理判断题。根据第一段中达尔文的父亲对达尔文说的话不难推断，父亲认为达尔文长大后会一事无成，会使达尔文自己和家庭都蒙羞。
43．C 推理判断题。第三段第一句中提到，达尔文在他的自传里说自己是个非常“调皮”的孩子。作者在下文举了几个例子，是为了证明达尔文所说的这个观点。
44．C 词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句话可知，达尔文小时候在学校并不是出类拔萃的学生，只是一名很普通的学生，故此处应选C项ordinary。
45．A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，达尔文觉得古典文化、古代史和希腊语都很枯燥。
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇科普文章。主要介绍了Mikhail Belyaev发明的一种雨伞。生活中我们常用的雨伞各种各样，那Mikhail Belyaev发明的雨伞又会是怎样的呢？让我们一起来一睹为快吧！
46．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.知Mikhail Belyaev发明的这种雨水感应式路灯伞是为了下雨时给行人提供遮蔽，因此选项C符合题意。
47．A 推理判断题。根据第二段Mikhail Belyaev的叙述，有次下雨他开车经过一条大街，看到街灯亮了，照着那些试图避雨的人们，他突发奇想，在灯柱上安上个伞篷就可以在下雨时为行人提供遮蔽了，可知本文主要讲述的Mikhail Belyaev的发明是受一次经历的启发，因此选项A符合题意。
48．B 细节理解题。根据文中第三段的叙述，canopy是用来为行人遮蔽雨的，它应该排在最后；再根据本段中的It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.可知motor控制canopy，而motor的运动是受sensors的控制，故三者的排列关系是sensors→motor→canopy。
49．D 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的关键信息so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians，to protect from possible lightning strike和it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians可知第五段主要描述了这种伞的安全性，故选项D为正确答案。
50．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production...可知还没有计划要把雨水感应式路灯伞投入生产，故B项错误；文中提到虽然没计划投入生产，但设计者把它介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门，而且他认为他的发明可以安装在行人多而无遮挡的灯柱上，可知设计者对自己的发明充满信心，因此答案为C；文中未提及选项A“发明者将自己开办公司来推广他的产品”以及选项D“灯伞将在莫斯科举行展览”。
51．C 推理判断题。根据第一段的their weight－loss progress可知dieter在这里是指“节食者”。
52．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的it says in a female voice with an American accent可知应选D。
53．A 推理判断题。根据第二段的Press one of the buttons below to talk to me可推断Autom很容易操作。
54．C 细节理解题。根据末段的But some will just get bored of it 可知Lona Sandon认为可能有些购买者会很快对Autom失去兴趣。
55．D 推理判断题。本文主要是关于一款能帮助人减肥的机器人的，在科技版面里最有可能读到这篇文章。
56．Different views on fishing.
57．Fishing lovers catch fish found in large numbers.
58．boats，vehicles，fishing equipment，bait，fuel，boat repairs，accommodation and airfares(列出其中四项即可)
59．disagree with fishing(are against fishing)
60．A blood sport.
【参考范文】
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisements
The ad is around us every day and everywhere with its apparent advantages and disadvantages. We are involved in it，experiencing its good and bad.
People who are for it believe that the ad provides the information about the latest products so as to increase sales and decrease the cost of goods.An ad helps customers to choose among all the available products by explaining features，functions or services.Good ads still can please customers visually and physically，and even can make the public aware of social problems.
Those who are against ads accuse some companies of using ads to mislead us by giving false information.Such bad ads，tiring our thoughts and eyeballs，take customers too much time or space on TV or in newspapers with the only purpose of cheating money.It's immoral!
An ad is like a two-edged sword.Anyway，we can be smart buyers if we can tell the difference between fiction and the fact.
课时作业(九) Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Our education system should provide ________ (平等)opportunities for all children.
2．He emphasized the________(重要性)of careful driving.
3. The police are sent there to keep ________ (秩序)．
4．His father has a high ________ (职位)in the government.
5．The report ________(强调)that students math skills need to improve.
6．You'd better not ________ (辞职)before you find a better job.
7．She is a most ________ (有影响的)figure in local politics.
8．I take this seriously.It's a matter of______(原则)．
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．All men are created ________ and we must enjoy ________ rights and chances in everything.
A．fair；same B．similarly；fair
C．equal；equal D．fairly；equal
2．If the two sides want to cooperate smoothly，they should first reach an agreement on the basic ________.
A．standards B．practice
C．habits D．principle
3．Every one of us wants to live ________，but some countries are still ________ with each other.
A．in peace；in war B．in peace；at war
C．on peace；at war D．on peace；in war
4．(2013·浙江高考)Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up
C．bring up D．take up
5．He ________ office in 2012 and ________ from office a year later.
A．took；left B．takes；left
C．took；resigned D．resigned；took
6．To keep the room tidy，you should put everything
________.
A．in the position B．in orders
C．in position D．in the order
7．(2013·莱芜高一调研)There was ________ time ________ he often went to the cinema with Jane.
A．a；when B．a；that
C．the；that D．the；when
8．As an ________ philosopher with a lot of teachings，Confucius had a great influence ________ Chinese people through generations.
A．influential；for B．influential；on
C．influenced；for D．influenced；on
9．(2013·泰安高一检测)Every day we have to face new challenges and problems.Actually，________ isn't such a bad thing as is often supposed to be.
A．stress B．force
C．belief D．effect
10．The time ________ Tom will never forget is ________ Mr.Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.
A．that；when B．that；that
C．when；that D．when；where
11．Do you remember those days ________ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A．when B．where
C．which D．who
12．I don't like ________ you treat your parents.They are your parents，after all.
A．the way B．the way in that
C．the way which D．the way of which
13．With the development of international communication，English is more and more ________.
A．of important B．of importance
C．important D．B and C
14．The old lady ________ when I was in the countryside is said to be still very much living though in her nineties.
A．after whom I looked B．whom I took care
C．who I looked after D．of whom I took care
15．The reason ________ Justin failed in the exam was ________ he missed some of the lessons because of his illness.
A．which；why B．because；that
C．how；why D．why；that
Ⅲ.完形填空
Mr.Dawson was an old bad-tempered man，and everyone in the town knew about it.Kids dared not go into his yard to pick __1__.One Saturday，Janet was going to __2__ all night with her friend Amy.They __3__ to walk by Dawson's house on the way to Amy's house. When they got __4__ enough，they found Dawson looking up with his usual frown (皱眉)，but when he saw __5__ was Amy，a broad smile changed his entire __6__.“Hello，Miss Amy.You've got a little friend with you today.”Amy smiled __7__ and told him that they would listen to some music and play games.Dawson had the best apples in the town.He __8__ them each a fresh apple.They gladly accepted.
Janet asked Amy，“Why was he so __9__ to us？”
Amy explained that at first he wasn't very __10__ and she was afraid of him，but she __11__ he was wearing an invisible (看不见的) smile，so she always smiled back at him.It took a __12__，but one day he half smiled back at her.After some more time，he started smiling real smiles and __13__ with her.
“An invisible smile？”asked Janet. “Yes，”answered Amy，“my grandma told me that if I __14__ that I wasn't afraid and imagined he was smiling an invisible smile __15__ I smiled back，sooner or later，he __16__ would smile.”
How simple it can be to bring __17__ to ourselves and others！All it takes is to __18__ smiles.You can't save them and you can't store them.The only way you can make them good is to __19__ them.To be sure，nothing unusual may happen other than you've __20__ your attitude.So do always wear smiles!
1．A.flowers B．stones
C．apples D．grapes
2．A.stay B．sing
C．walk D．study
3．A.liked B．had
C．planed D．preferred
4．A.close B．nervous
C．tired D．bored
5．A.he B．she
C．this D．it
6．A.mind B．face
C．design D．action
7．A.again B．back
C．quickly D．painfully
8．A.offered B．mailed
C．sold D．lent
9．A.mean B．nice
C．helpful D．rude
10．A.angry B．healthy
C．friendly D．handsome
11．A.saw B．found
C．guessed D．imagined
12．A.while B．second
C．minute D．day
13．A.going B．agreeing
C．dancing D．chatting
14．A.showed B．mentioned
C．pretended D．lied
15．A.but B．after
C．or D．and
16．A.cheerfully B．really
C．seriously D．strangely
17．A.happiness B．anger
C．difficulty D．answer
18．A.depend on B．care about
C．search for D．give away
19．A.help B．love
C．share D．divide
20．A.formed B．believed
C．improved D．avoided
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Kong Zi，also called Confucius (551－479 B．C.)，and Socrates(苏格拉底) (469－399 B．C.) lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace，though there were more wars in Greece than in China.The Chinese states were very large and feudal，while the Greek city-states were small and urban.The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius.Unlike Confucius，Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively.Thus，Socrates was able to be more idealistic，focusing on issues like freedom，and knowledge for its own sake.Confucius，on the other hand，advised those in government service，and many of his students went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life.“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth，though some had more potential than others，and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on the individual，and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的)classes.
For Socrates，the family was of no importance，and the community of little concern.For Confucius，however，the family was the centre of society，with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common.
B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates' ideas.
C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers' ideas.
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
2．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________.
A．all men were equal when they were born
B．the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class
C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
3．What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A．Family. B．Potential.
C．Knowledge. D．Community.
4．This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.
A．time and events
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect
D．definition and classification
Ⅴ.翻译句子
1．他考试不及格的原因是他学习不刻苦。(the reason why...is that...)
___________________________________________________________
2．他是由祖父母抚养大的。(bring up)
___________________________________________________________
3．那段时间里人们都期望孩子们成功。(a time when)
___________________________________________________________
4．医生命令赶快将病人送到医院。(order)
___________________________________________________________
5．在人和人之间的关系上，他们特别强调仁爱的重要性。(stress)
___________________________________________________________
课时作业(九)
Ⅰ.1.equal 2.importance 3.order 4.position
5．stressed 6.resign 7.influential 8.principle
Ⅱ.1.C 句意：所有人生来是平等的，我们必须在各个方面享受平等的权利和机会。equal在此句中都表示“平等”。第一个空是形容词作主语补足语，表示状态。第二个空是形容词作定语，修饰right。
2．D 句意：如果双方想顺利合作，就应该先在基本原则上达成一致。on the basic principle“基本原则上”；standard“标准”；habit“习惯”；practice“实行，实践”。
3．B 句意：我们每个人都想生活在和平中，但是一些国家仍然相互战争。第一个空考查短语in/at peace 处于和平状态。第二个空考查be at war with和……交战。
4．B 句意：熊在整个夏天和秋天储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量维持它们冬眠期的生命。pack up停止工作，收拾行装；build up逐渐增加，逐渐积累，逐渐增强；bring up教育，抚养；呕吐；take up从事，开始。根据题干的意思可知正确答案为B项。题干中have sth.to last sb.结构意为“足够某人使用/维持”。
5．C 句意：他于2012年宣誓就职并且一年后辞职。根据句子的语意应用一般过去时，排除B项。take office就职；resign from office辞职。由from知C项最佳。
6．C 句意：为了让屋子整洁，你应该把一切放在适当的位置。in position 在适当的位置。
7．A 句意：有一段时期他经常和Jane 一起去看电影。time表示时期时需加冠词“a”，其后的定语从句用when引导。
8．B influential adj.表示“有影响力的”；have an influence on 表示“对……有影响”。
9．A 句意：每天我们都必须面对新的挑战和问题。事实上，压力并不像常常认为的那样是一件这么糟糕的事情。stress“压力”，符合句意。force“力量”；belief “信念”；effect“影响”。
10．A 第一空用that，that引导定语从句，同时在从句中作宾语；第二空用when，when引导表语从句，同时在从句中作时间状语。
11．C 定语从句中spent后缺少宾语，故选C。
12．A 句意：我不喜欢你对待你父母的方式。别忘了，他们是你的父母。way后面定语从句的引导词可以是that/in which或省略。
13．D 句意：随着国际交流的发展，英语越来越重要。important＝of importance。
14．C 此定语从句的正确表达是whom/who I took care of或whom/who I looked after。take care of/look after是固定短语，介词of/after在定语从句中不能提前。
15．D 考查定语从句。此处考查The reason why...is that...句式，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句，故选D。
Ⅲ.1.C 由“Mr. Dawson was an old bad-tempered man...”和“Dawson had the best apples in the town.”可知孩子们不敢去Dawson 的院子里摘苹果。
2．A 由语境可知 Janet打算一整夜都和Amy待在一起。
3．B “...walk by Dawson's house on the way to Amy's house，”可知她们不得不路过 Dawson 的家。
4．A 由下文“...they found Dawson looking up with his usual frown...”可知她们走近了Dawson的家。
5．D 由下文可知Dawson最初没有看清楚走过来的是Amy，当不确定对方身份时可用it指代。
6．B 由上文“...a broad smile...”可知当 Dawson发现Amy的时候，他不皱眉了，露出了笑容，面部表情完全改变了。
7．B 由上文可知 Dawson先对 Amy笑了。因此，Amy也向他微笑。
8．A 由下文“They gladly accepted.”及语境可知Dawson 给她们每人一个苹果。
9．B 由语境可知Janet 对 Dawson 的友好感到惊讶。
10．C 由下文“...she was afraid of him...”可知Dawson最初对Amy并不友好。
11．D 由下文“...imagined he was smiling an invisible smile...”可知答案。
12．A 由下文“...but one day he half smiled back at her.”和语境可知，Dawson在Amy一段时间的感染下，终于有一天要开始向Amy微笑了。
13．D 又经过了一段时间，Dawson不仅向Amy微笑，还和她聊天。
14．C 由上文Amy起初很怕Dawson可推知，听了奶奶的建议后，Amy是假装不害怕的。
15．D “Amy想象Dawson 正向她微笑”和“Amy也向Dawson微笑”是两个先后发生的动作，可用“and”连接。
16．B 由语境可知奶奶的目的是让Amy 用微笑感动Dawson。这样，Dawson迟早会真正地向Amy微笑。
17．A 由上文可知Amy并没有做太多的事情，却打动了Dawson，让 Dawson露出了笑容。可见，带给自己和他人快乐是一件多么简单的事情啊！
18．D 由上文可知Amy见到Dawson只是“送出”她的微笑，却给 Dawson带来了快乐。
19．C 由上文可知Amy通过分享“微笑”改变了Dawson，也实现了“微笑”的价值。
20．C 由本文最后一句“So do always wear smiles”可推知作者此处意在告诫人们要改变自己的态度，这样，奇迹才有可能发生。
Ⅳ.1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句推知“...and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies”是本段的主题句。而A项在第一段没有提及；B项与D项与第一段的“during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece”不符。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius，he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior classes.”可以判断。
3．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“...and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。
4．B 主旨大意题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。
Ⅴ.1.The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't work hard. 2.He was brought up by his grandparents. 3.It was a time when all the children were expected to succeed. 4.The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital at once.
5．They stress the importance of kindness and love in human relations.
课时作业(十) Cultural Corner & Writing
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have ________(发明) a new way of making silk.
2．His black ________(皮革) couch looks expensive.
3．Though used for more than 5 years，my car is still in good ________(状况)．
4．In the supermarket I had an ________(争论) with the saleswoman.
5．In China we enjoy ________(自由) of speech and religion.
6．We've never doubted her________(诚实)．
7．Passengers on flying boats rested in________(柔弱的) seats.
8．The ________(燃料) in that area is running out.
9．Li Ning made great ________ (贡献) to China's gymnastics.
10．People respect the judge for his________(公正) in the work.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·烟台高一调研)The boy argues ________ his classmates ________ some things of little importance frequently，which makes them angry.
A．of；into B．with；about
C．on；for D．to；over
2．He is always ________ his excellent spoken English；while his sister takes ________ her beauty.
A．proud of；pride of B．proud in；pride in
C．proud in；pride of D．proud of；pride in
3．(2013·济宁高一质检)He promised to do that for me ________ I allowed him ________ for a few days.
A．on condition that；to leave
B．on condition if；to leave
C．on condition that；leaving
D．on the condition that；leaving
4．I thought her nice and honest ________ I met her.
A．first time B．for the first time
C．the first time D．by the first time
5．It is too bad for someone in such a high ________ in the government to behave badly in public.
A．position B．situation
C．profession D．condition
6．—You are always scolding him，aren't you?
—Yes，what he eats ________ harm to his health.
A．does do B．do do
C．does did D．do does
7．—Do you know who ________ the telephone?
—No，but it's really useful.
A．invented B．found
C．discovered D．developed
8．________，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable，and readily available form of exercise.
A．As a conclusion B．In a conclusion
C．As conclusion D．In conclusion
9．(2013·济南高一检测)Smoking too much may ________ lung cancer and cause other diseases.
A．devote to B．attend to
C．contribute to D．come to
10．The film is ________ that one. Neither of them is worth seeing.
A．not interesting than
B．not more interesting than
C．no more interesting than
D．no interesting than
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Confucius (551－497 BC) was a thinker，educator，and founder of the Ru School for Chinese thought.
He was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law，life，and the government that helped many people learn about nature，the world，and human beings.
Confucius's social philosophy largely centers around the concept of “ren”，which is “loving others” and “honoring one's parents”．Those who have developed “ren” are “simple in manner and slow of speech”．For Confucius，such concern for others is proved through the practice of the Golden Rule：“What you do not wish for yourself，do not do to others.”
Confucius thinks a good rulership was to have “de” or “virtue” which allows one to win people's support without using any force and keep good order in his state without troubling himself，and that a ruler should rule his people by his own example and treat them with love and concern.
A characteristic of Confucius' thought is his emphasis (强调) on education and study.“A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.” and he also thinks “He who learns but does not think is lost.He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy；these were handed down only through his students.Lun Yu，a book compiled (编撰) by some of his students，is considered the most dependable source of information about his life and teachings.One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited，The Spring and Autumn Annals，is describing Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 to 481 BC.
Since Confucius's teachings and philosophy was so advanced, it was the education for China for 2,000 years.It is called Confucianism.
1．The passage mainly discusses ________.
A．Confucius and his great thought
B．the life of Confucius
C．Confucius's influence on students
D．Confucius's teaching methods
2．Confucius's philosophic thinking can help people know about all the following EXCEPT ________.
A．humans B．nature
C．the world D．the sun
3．Which of the following expresses Confucius's educational idea?
A．What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.
B．Learning and thinking should go hand in hand.
C．“Loving others” and “honoring one's parents”．
D．A ruler should love and care about his people.
4．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．Confucius was founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.
B．The Spring and Autumn Annals is a historical book.
C．Confucius has great effect on Chinese society.
D．Lun Yu is a book compiled by Confucius.
5．We can infer from the passage that a teacher should be a person who ________.
A．is old and experienced enough
B．learns but doesn't think
C．does things according to good old ways
D．thinks a lot but doesn't learn
B
Along with silk and paper，gunpowder is another invention by Chinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West.The dating of gunpowder is as early as 850 AD.The Chinese used gunpowder to make fireworks and for signal flares.Gunpowder was also thought to have been used in medicine and in alchemy(炼金术)．This invention seems to have been discovered in China by accident－by alchemists when doing experiments.
The gunpowder used for military purpose was first recorded in 919 AD.By the 11th century，explosive bombs filled with gunpowder were introduced and used in China.The words “fire cannon”，“rocket” and “fireball” appeared time and again in the official Song history as well as two other books written during the same period.
The first detailed description of using the “fire cannon” in warfare(战争) was in connection with a battle fought in 1126 when the Song army used it against the invading enemy.The so-called “fire cannon” was a tube made of bamboo filled with gunpowder which, when fired，threw a flaming missile towards the enemy.According to a description of a battle scene in 1132，it took two persons to carry a “fire cannon” and the cannons were fired from a moving platform.And this platform had to be moved close to the wall of the besieged(被围攻的) city.
The Chinese invention of gunpowder reached Japan，the Islamic countries and then Europe in the 13th century and the Arabs improved gunpowder for military use.The early account of gunpowder in Europe was recorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century.One century later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and the next year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon and cannon balls.From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries，and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.
6．According to this passage，we can learn that gunpowder ________.
A．was invented earlier than silk and paper
B．was used for military purpose as soon as it was invented
C．was used in fireworks，medicine，alchemy and military purpose
D．was spread from the West to China
7．Gunpowder was discovered ________.
A．by alchemists when they had an accident
B．by alchemists after studying it for a long time
C．accidentally by alchemists
D．experimentally by alchemists
8．Which of the following words can best describe a “fire cannon”？
A．Convenient. B．Heavy.
C．Useless. D．Simple.
9．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．“fire cannons” at early times would be less helpful if they were far away from the object
B．alchemists devoted themselves to the study of gunpowder
C．the Silk Road spread to the West because of the invention of gunpowder
D．the first detailed description of using “fire cannons” in warfare was in 1132
10．What is the BEST title of the passage?
A．Powerful Fire Cannons
B．Four Inventions of Ancient China
C．The Discovery of the Alchemists
D．Gunpowder
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．我第一次见到他时，我就认为他很好且很诚实。(first time)
___________________________________________________________
2．这本小说并不比那本有趣多少。(no＋比较级＋than)
___________________________________________________________
3．汤姆的健康状况很好，但生活条件非常糟糕。(condition)
___________________________________________________________
4．我为我们伟大的祖国而自豪。(proud)
___________________________________________________________
5．查理·卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。(contribution)
___________________________________________________________
课时作业(十)
Ⅰ.1.invented 2.leather 3.condition 4.argument 5.freedom 6.honesty 7.soft 8.fuel 9.contributions 10.justice
Ⅱ.1.B 考查argue动词的搭配用法。argue with sb.about/over sth.意为“与某人争论某事”。故正确答案为B。
2．D be proud of/take pride in意为“为……骄傲/自豪”。
3．A on condition that意为“条件是……”，allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
4．C for the first time只能单独作状语，不能用作连词。此处用the first time引导时间状语从句，故选C。
5．A position职位；situation形势；profession职业；condition条件。someone in such a high position意为“职位如此高的人”。
6．A 考查对动词强调的句型。强调谓语动词用do的形式，再加谓语动词原形。
7．A 句意：——你知道是谁发明了电话吗？——不知道，但电话的确很有用。invent发明；find找到，发现；discover发现；develop研制，开发，发展。
8．D 句意：总之，步行是一种便宜，安全，愉悦和容易进行的锻炼方式。in conclusion为固定搭配，意为“总之”。
9．C 句意：吸烟过多可能导致肺癌和其他疾病。contribute to“有助于，引起”，符合句意。devote to要构成devote one's time/energy/life to搭配；attend to“处理，照料”；come to“谈到，到达”。
10．C no＋比较级＋than表示“两者一样不”。not＋比较级＋than表示“前者不如后者”，由Neither of them is worth seeing.可知，两部影片都没趣。
Ⅲ.1.A 主旨大意题。文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学；第四 段谈论的是他的政治哲学；第五段是他的教育观点；所以A符合句意。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分“...helped many people learn about nature，the world，and human beings.”可知没有提到D项。
3．B 细节理解题。A、C都反映了他的社会观，D反映了他的政治观，从第五段可以看出B反映了他的教育观。
4．D 细节判断题。从首段可知A表述正确。从倒数第二段可知B表述正确。从最后一段可知C表述正确。而从Lun Yu，a book compiled by some of his students可知D与文意不符，故选D。
5．C 推理判断题。从倒数第三段中good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人，因此选C。
6．C 根据第一段内容可知，火药应用于焰火、医药、炼金和军事方面。火药是古代中国四大发明之一，故D项错，读完文章可了解到，火药是继丝绸和纸之后的发明，故A项错：发明约半个世纪后才有用于军事方面的记载，故B项错。所以C项为正确答案。
7．C 由第一段最后一句可知，火药是炼金匠在实验过程中偶然发明的。
8．B 文章第三段中描述到这种大炮需要两个人抬，因此一定是很重的。
9．A 文章中叙述，这种大炮要推到被围攻的城下才可用。由此我们可推知，如距离远了，效果就不好。
10．D 本文是围绕火药的发明、应用、传播展开叙述的。所以中心话题就是“Gunpowder”。
Ⅳ.1.I thought he was kind and honest the first time I met him. 2.This novel is no more interesting than that one. 3.Tom is in very good condition，but his living conditions are very bad. 4.I am proud of our great country. 5.Charlie Chapin made a great contribution to the film industry.
