高考英语二轮复习 现在完成时的持续型用法（含答案）

专攻解题方法与技巧
现在完成时的持续型用法
现在完成时还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，常见的时态标志词有since和 for。
1. since意为“自从……以来”，它既可作介词，也可作连词。作介词时，后接表示过去的时间点，表示某事开始的时间；作连词时，引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时。如：
Mr. Miller has lived here since five years ago.
I have had the dictionary since I was ten.
2. for作介词，后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。如：
Miss Green has taught in the village for three years.
Kate has been here for two hours.
注意：
1. 对since和 for引导的时间状语提问时，常用how long。如：
I have worked here for two years. (对划线部分提问)
How long have you worked here
2. 在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子可以相互转换。如：
Mary has been in Beijing for two days.
=Mary has been in Beijing since two days ago.
3. 在现在完成时中，表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。如：
Bill has come here for an hour. (×)
I haven’t seen Kate for three years. (√)
4. It has been / It’s +时间段+since从句(一般过去时). 表示“自从……以来，有多长时间了。”如：
It has been / It’s two years since my brother went to college.
短暂性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词和与表示状态的短语之间的转化
1. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词。常见的有：
become → be
borrow → keep
buy → have / own
catch a cold → have a cold
come → stay
put on → wear
go to sleep → sleep
get to know → know
move to → live in
2. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。常见的有：
leave → be away
begin / start → be on
die → be dead
finish → be over
join → be in / be a member of
fall asleep → be asleep
marry → be married
come / arrive here → be here
运用
按要求完成下列各题。
1. Jim joined the mountain climbing club two years ago. (改为同义句)
Jim has _______ _______ the mountain climbing club for two years.
2. Susan left her hometown five years ago. (改为同义句)
_______ _______ _______ five years _______ Susan left her hometown.
3. Tina moved to Qingdao two days ago. (改为同义句)
Tina _______ _______ _______ Qingdao _______ two days.
4. I have known Paul for ten years. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ _______ _______ known Paul
参考答案
1. been in 2. It has been; since
3. has been / stayed / lived in; for 4. How long have you