2023届上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
jitterbug. Flip Easier is better with the Jitterbug. The easy-to-use Jitterbug@Flip has big buttons and an exclusive 5Star@Urgent Response button on the keypad. EASY TO USE The large bright screen and simple YES and NO buttons make navigating the menu simple. Plus, the powerful speaker ensures every conversation will be loud and clear. EASY TO ENJOY Wherever you go, a built-in camera makes it easy to capture and share your favourite memories. And with a long-lasting battery, you won’t have to worry about running out of power. EASY TO BE PREPARED In any uncertain or unsafe situation, simply press the 5Star button and a highly-trained Urgent Response Agent will confirm your location, evaluate your situation and get you the help you need, 24/7. The Jitterbug Flip is one of the most affordable cell phones on the market. Powered by the nation’s largest and most dependable wireless network. NO LONG-TERM CONTARACTS No cancellation fees Buy now and get a FREE Car Charger, a $25 value! To order or learn more, call 1-866-521-7856 or visit /Flip
1．When someone is in an unsafe situation, he/she should________.
A．push the NO button B．turn on the built-in camera
C．call 18665217856 D．press the 5Star button
2．If you buy a new Jitterbug now, ________.
A．you can get a free car charger B．you can get $25 discount
C．you should stick to a two-year contract D．you will be charged at most $14.99 a month
3．Which of the following statements is FALSE
A．The Jitterbug Flip is very friendly to elderly people.
B．The Urgent Response Agent doesn’t provide service on weekends.
C．There is no need for customers to change their current phone number.
D．The affordable price makes the cell phone competitive on the market.
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Roslingasks raises questions like ‘How many girls finish school ’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor ’ It turns out that the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several human instincts that distort(扭曲)our perspective. This book focuses on our instinctive biases(偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Are things getting worse every day Is progress an impossible goal In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being.
For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history-from the Stone Age to the 21st century—and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. This is happening across developing countries around the world. In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process.
4．What is the common feature of the four books
A．They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries.
B．They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries.
C．They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development.
D．They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries.
5．Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence
A．Hans Roslingasks. B．Steven Pinker. C．Matt Ridley. D．Stevens Radelet.
6．Which of the following can be a possible title for Book 3
A．The Rational Optimist. B．Human History: Where Are We
C．A Public Debate. D．Out of Povetty: What and How
Once in a while, a very savvy and smart kid makes a difference and changes the course of history. Here are some people who left their mark at a young age.
Mary ShelleyThough she didn’t publish it until she was 21, Mary Shelley, an English Romantic novelist, wrote Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus when she was 18. She wrote several other well-regarded novels throughout her career, including Valperga(1823). The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck (1830), Lodore (1835), and Falkner (1837), but Frankenstein became her best known and remains a classic, showing the dreadful consequences that arise after a scientist has artificially created a human being. The man-made monster in this novel inspired a similar creature in numerous American horror films.
Louis BrailleThe Braille language for the blind was developed by Louis Braille in 1824, when he was just 15 years old. He polished it and expanded it after that. Despite being blinded at the age of 3, he was inspired at a young age to conceive of a way to read and write. Braille consists of a code of 63 characters, each made up of one to six raised dots arranged in a six-position matrix or cell. The dots are embossed on paper and are read by using one’s fingers. He published the first Braille book. a three-volume history book, in 1837. He also became a notable musician and excelled as an organist. Upon receiving a scholarship, he went in 1819 to Paris to attend the National Institute for Blind Children, and from 1826 he taught there.
Bobby FischerIn 1958, at age 15, Bobby Fischer became the youngest chess player in history to be named grandmaster, the highest title possible. He had begun to attract international attention two years earlier when he was victorious in what became known as the “Game of the Century” between him and Donald Byme. His brilliant playing drew the attention of the American public to the game of chess, particularly when he won the world championship in 1972. His precocious skills inspired the Academy Award-nominated movie, Searching for Bobby Fischer(1993).
Malala YousafzaiIn 2014, at age 17, Malala Yousafzai became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. The young activist from Pakistan had become famous for speaking out against the Taliban and encouraging young girls like herself to pursue an education. She made her first public speech touting the cause when she was only 11 years old. She attracted international attention when she survived an attempt on her life at age 15. She recovered, staying with her family in Birmingham, UK, where she returned to her studies and to activism. Her life was examined in the documentary He Named Me Malala (2015), whose title referenced the fact that Yousafzai had been named for the Afghan heroine Malala, who allegedly led her people to victory against the British in the 1880 Battle of Maiwand.
7．_______ got a world-wide reputation at the youngest age.
A．Mary Shelley B．Louis Braille
C．Bobby Fischer D．Malala Yousafzai
8．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Frankenstein by Mary Shelley was nominated the best American horror film ever.
B．Bobby Fischer’s remarkable talents aroused a debate about playing chess in the US.
C．Yousafzai returned to her studies and career in the UK after the attempted murder.
D．Louis Braille had taught music and biology for the blind students in Paris since 1826.
9．To make a speech entitled “It’s not easy to attain success”, you may read _______’s life stories for reference.
A．Mary Shelley and Louis Braille
B．Bobby Fischer and Malala Yousafzai
C．Mary Shelley and Bobby Fischer
D．Louis Braille and Malala Yousafzai
Dear Doggy Diary
MONDAY
Now we’ve surely got all we require for the puppy’s arrival: a basket, a screaming toy banana and a bag of dog food. For names, we are hesitating between Spike or Lenny—but, as I tell this list to a Black friend, I suddenly realize both names are associated with famous Black men, and panic that this is a little offence.
TUESDAY
Our friend Sam has kindly volunteered to “puppy proof” our home. “You don’t want to give him that screaming toy, that’s encouraging him to eat your sofa,” she says, inspecting our purchases disapprovingly. She hands us a book, by Dr Ian Dunbar. “This guy”, she assures us, “is a Super Babysitter for dogs.”
WEDNESDAY
Spent last night ______57______ Dunbar has plenty of wisdom on “positively communicating” with the puppy, but nothing on how to get a puppy and also two young children.
THURSDAY
D-Day. Now the registration website wants a dog name at short notice. So, we go for “Buzz”. One syllable (音节) and with multi-generational fascination (Granny thinks Aldrin, kids think Lightyear).
FRIDAY
I feel very hesitant about saying so, but last night went well. Buzz is incredibly cute, the kids adore him and he’s very cute and only did one pee (排尿) on the blanket, and did I mention he’s cute
SATURDAY
“Love” feels like a stretch right now. Our “play” was evidently not “focused” enough to prevent Buzz biting through our sofa. Also, our three-year-old thinks it’s funny to run away, so Buzz wrestles him to the ground and licks all over his face. I suspect this isn’t the best way to prepare Buzz for engaging with the public.
SUNDAY
The whole house smells of dog. I find this nasty, but friends, family, and people we barely know existed are dropping by to meet him. “It’s like having a baby, eh ” says my neighbor, Erik, brightly. “Yes, but it’s a baby you can neglect when it cries!” I respond cheerfully. He frowns (皱眉).
MONDAY
It’s 2 A．M. on the coldest day of the year and I’m on my hands and knees in the bushes. I think you’ve never really experienced a harsh mid-winter until you’re trying to run after a puppy. Then, we return inside, and it’s just me and Buzz. Peace. I should put him back in his cage, but I find I can’t resist a hug. Don’t tell my wife.
10．What does the phrase “puppy proof” our home mean in paragraph 2
A．Make our home clean enough for the puppy. B．Inspect our home to make it puppy-friendly.
C．Prove that the puppy will satisfy our needs. D．Decorate our home with books on puppies.
11．In the diary of “WEDNESDAY”, a passage is missing. Which of the following plot best fits into the numbered blank
A．Picking a dog ’s name from a name list of Blacks.
B．Looking over the house for potential safety hazards.
C．Studying Dunbar’s book on how to take care of a dog.
D．Visiting Dunbar in person in order to adopt his puppy.
12．Which of the following is the reason for naming the puppy “Buzz”
A．Other choices imply strong prejudice against Black people.
B．Its pronunciation resembles the puppy’s cute and short bark.
C．The registration website recommends the name to the family.
D．The name holds appeal to both the elder and the younger generations.
13．Which of the following does the diary feature after the adoption of the puppy
A．Chaos and cuteness. B．Hatred and love. C．Mess and cleanliness. D．Abuse and affection.
More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions
To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends:
First, when consumers saw that the price today was lower than it had been in the past, they were more likely to buy now, because the current price seemed like a good deal.
However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction.
So what does this mean for sellers It may be tempting to slowly lower the price over time. However, our data shows that this can lead consumers to assume that the price will continue to fall, making them hesitant to buy. But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now.
Our findings can also help buyers make more informed decisions about whether and when they choose to make a purchase. As with any irrational bias (非理性的偏见), awareness of the natural tendency to expect trends to continue and single large changes to reverse can help consumers question this assumption before acting on it. Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls.
Of course, there are countless factors that influence both consumers’ decisions around whether and when to buy and sellers’ decisions around how to price their products. But it’s important for both sides to recognize the key role that expectations play in influencing these decisions.
14．Which of the following is true about the experiment
A．It proves that people’s interest in the product drives the purchasing behavior.
B．E-commerce platforms turn to it to connect with customers and boost sales.
C．It’s designed to figure out the purchasing decision process based on pricing.
D．Business school students make up the whole control group for comparison.
15．Which of the following price trends might tempt consumers to buy on May 8th
A． B．
C． D．
16．Consumers are advised to .
A．decide on the assumptions that long-term price trend will continue
B．research longer-term price history, price ranges and hidden factors
C．put off the purchase for better deals because of the unsustainable market
D．cooperate with sellers while putting aside the personal risk and urgency
17．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How do price changes influence buying decisions
B．Why should products’ historical prices be shown
C．When is the best time for consumers to purchase
D．What do businesses need to price their products
DART II System
18．The two objects circled at the bottom of the picture arc probably .
A．relays B．monitors C．anchors D．sensors
19．What can be inferred about the buoy
A．The sensors fixed on the floating buoy record the sea pressure.
B．It communicates with other devices through single-way signals.
C．The buoy features direct connection to scientists and the monitor.
D．It sends data collected from both the depths and surface of the ocean.
20．DART II System is most probably designed to .
A．detect upcoming tsunamis
B．transmit satellite data to the seabed
C．monitor marine biodiversity
D．change the buoy into a ground station
Give the Senate (参议院) some credit: in shaping the current immigration-reform bill, it has come up with one idea that almost everybody hates. That’s the plan to create a new class of “guest workers” — immigrants who would be allowed to work in the U.S. for three two-year stretches, at most, provided that they return home to stay for a year after each visit. Conservatives dislike the plan because they believe that the guest workers won’t return home after their visas expire. Liberals dislike it because they believe the program will depress American wages and trap guest workers. The only supporters of the bill are businesses that rely heavily on immigrant labor, and they’re probably just looking out for themselves.
With the broader concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable. However imperfect, the guest-worker program is better than any politically feasible alternative. Opponents of immigration sometimes imply that adding workers to a work-force automatically brings wages down. But immigrants tend to work in different industries than native workers, and have different skills, and so they often end up complementing native workers rather than competing with them. That can make native workers more productive and therefore better off.
According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers; its only negative effect was a small one, on the wages of workers without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would benefit even more.
Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants to become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a number of smaller—and less well-designed—temporary-worker programs, and there’s no evidence that workers in those plans routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was stepped up in 1993 the chance of an illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay fell by a third.
In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. There are few, if any, foreign-aid programs that do as much for people in developing countries as simply allowing them to work in U. S. legally. This program’s costs to American workers are insignificant, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit. This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.
21．According to the passage, the guest-worker program ________.
A．allows immigrants to work in the U.S. for six continuous years
B．has aroused criticism from conservatives, liberals and the business world
C．will make local workers more productive as it brings fierce competition
D．is a sensible approach to resolving the illegal immigration problems
22．Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri point out that immigration ________.
A．is immune from negative effects
B．will root out undocumented labourers
C．has led to economic prosperity and social stability
D．has enhanced wages of most American workers
23．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4
A．Illegal immigrants are more likely to stay permanently in the U.S. than guest workers.
B．With stepped-up border control, illegal immigrants are more likely to stay in their homeland.
C．Workers in temporary-worker programs usually pay no attention to their visa duration.
D．Guest workers will not stay too long because of the enhanced border enforcement.
24．What is the author’s attitude towards guest workers’ plan
A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Favorable. D．Negative.
I know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鸟) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.
Spring cleaning.
I’ll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today’s busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.
“Honey, how about spending the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow ” I ask.
“Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over ” my husband answers.
But I tell my family, spring cleaning can’t wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend. Newly wakened from our winter’s hibernation, yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze with all of the natural world demanding “Awake and be clean!”
Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring’s first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone our bodies produce when it’s dark. When spring’s light comes, the melatonin declines, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus- filled house we’ve been hibernating in for the past four months.
I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring arrival. I speak to them about life’s greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum (浮垢) from the bathtub, which hasn’t been properly cleaned since the first snowfall.
“I’ll do it,” says the eldest child, a 21-year-old college student who lives at home. “You will Wow!” I exclaim.
Maybe after all these years, he’s finally grasped the concept. Maybe he’s expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe he’s going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and he’s being nice to me, the financial-aid officer.
No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, was found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he was supposed to be cleaning.
“Awake and be clean!” I say.
25．According to the passage, for modern families, spring cleaning ________.
A．calls for more complicated skills
B．is no longer something natural to do
C．is a highly-respected tradition
D．requires more family members to be involved
26．Why does the author say “spring cleaning can’t wait”
A．Because spring is the best time for us to relax ourselves.
B．Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.
C．Because our garden requires immediate cleaning after winter.
D．Because the weather in spring makes it easier for us to do so.
27．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The reduction of melatonin will give rise to wakefulness in our bodies.
B．A dusty, virus-filled house is largely to blame for our sleepiness in winter.
C．A role model is needed to help other members grasp the concept of spring cleaning.
D．The author’s eldest son agrees to clean the bathtub because she will finance his trip.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Spring Cleaning Affords No Delay!
B．Modernity Kills Spring Cleaning
C．Spring Cleaning — to Do or Not to Do
D．The Young Need Spring Cleaning
AFRICAN MANGO FAQs
Q: How do I use AFRICAN MANGO
A: It’s simple… Just take one rapid-release capsule (胶囊), 3 times daily before meals (i.e., 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner.)
Q: Is it safe
A: Yes. Unlike other diet pills, Pure African Mango Extract does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Clinical studies have shown this nutrient to be both safe and well-tolerated. It’s easy on your system and helps you lose body fat naturally.
Q: Who uses AFRICAN MANGO
A: Everybody from A-List Hollywood movie stars to everyday men and women who want to lose pounds and inches of excess body fat. It’s currently popular in Hollywood today because many of today’s movie scripts call for actors and actresses to be in their absolute best shape.
Q: Do I have to exercise and diet in order to see results
A: Research shows 100% Pure African Mango Extract helped people lose weight and belly fat without additional diet or exercise. However, in order to achieve your best weight-loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient–dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins. Also, drinking more water daily speeds weight loss, according to a new study from Virginia Tech University.
Q: When I place my order, it’s a one-time-only transaction (交易), right
A: Yes. When you shop with us, you can shop with confidence and peace of mind. Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE. “The McAfee SECURE” trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan.
What’s more, our customers never have to worry about being enrolled in auto-reship or auto-rebilling (自动付款) scams (骗局). Each and every order placed with us is a one-time-only transaction.
CONSUMER TIP: Beware of sites that offer “free trials”, which claim to charge only a small fee for shipping. However, more often than not, these “free trials” websites will continue to charge your card for regular monthly shipments if you don’t return your “free trials” within 10 to 14 days.
As the Official Website of African Mango, we offer only the purest, most effective African Mango available. What’s more, as an accredited business, we do not engage in auto-rebilling, auto-reshipping, or any other business practices that are considered morally unacceptable. Your results, and your satisfaction, are 100% guaranteed.
29．What does the word FAQs in the title of the article mean
A．Fully Accepted Qualities. B．Fantastic African Qualities.
C．Face-to-face Associated Quotations. D．Frequently Asked Questions.
30．In what way will the medicine take effect to its fullest
A．Take pills regularly and you are sure to achieve your absolute best shape.
B．Leading a fun lifestyle will guarantee the medicine to work efficiently.
C．A diet which is rich in diverse nutrients will contribute to the effect.
D．High-calorie food and enough water can help the medicine work best.
31．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．McAfee SECURE promises the security of your online order
B．auto-rebilling and auto-reshipping are reliable business practices
C．many web sites providing “free trials” service are considered to be secure
D．African Mango is a safe diet pill because only natural stimulants are contained in it
In Central America, scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. These findings show that the Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought. While Europe was still in the midst of the Dark Ages, these Maya had charted the heavens, evolved the only true writing system native to the Americas and were masters of mathematics and calendar. Without advantage of metal tools, beasts of burden or even the wheel, they were able to construct vast cities. Their legacy in stone, which has survived in an impressive fashion at places, lives on as do the seven million descendants (后嗣) of the classic Maya civilization.
Scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. Experts call the time between the year 250 and the year 1900 the Classic Maya Period. It was a period of great civilization. Until now, scientists think that earlier Maya people were simple farmers. The discoveries show that they used writing, drew pictures and built complex structures. Three separate teams made the discoveries in the rainforest of Guatemala (危地马拉).
Scientists have found some things they say are more than 2000 years old. For example, a team found two masks inside the main pyramid in a city. These masks are three meters tall. They are cut in the image of a sun god. The Maya used the pyramid as a temple. The masks may have been a part of ceremonies led by a king.
At Waka, scientists found the burial place of a woman they think was a Maya queen. They believe she ruled more than 1,200 years ago. Her bones were lying on a stone table. Many jewels surrounded her remains. The team also found pieces of green stone that appeared to be the remains of the kind of war helmet worn by rulers. Scientists say the discovery will help them understand how Maya women shared power with men. Not many burial places of important royal women have been found. Also in northern Guatemala, scientists found a stone showing an 8th-century king playing a game of ball with visiting rulers. It is the third such stone found at the city of Cancuen. They also found large pieces of stone with writing and pictures of leaders. A Guatemalan expert called it one of the greatest masterpieces of Maya art ever discovered in Guatemala.
32．How is the text organized
A．Supporting examples—Argument—Explanation.
B．Opinion—Discussion—Important description
C．Main idea—Conclusion—Supporting examples
D．Introduction—Supporting examples—Comparison
33．The scientists’ findings show that ________.
A．Maya people lived a simple life in Guatemala in the midst of the Dark Ages
B．The Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought
C．Maya people succeeded in their legacy from generation to generation
D．The classic Maya civilization that their ancestors created is attractive
34．Which of the following is the most valuable according to the passage ’
A．Two masks inside the main pyramid in a city
B．A burial place of a woman
C．A stone showing an 8th-century king
D．Large pieces of stone with writing and pictures of leaders
35．What might be the most suitable title for the text
A．Earlier Development of Maya B．The Greatest Discovery
C．A Research on Maya D．A Scientific Adventure
Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless — a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would strengthen resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as discriminatory.
Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don’t use cash during a typical week of purchases, according to a Pew Research Center study released this week. The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring shifts in Sweden, India and China.
But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind - individuals without the means to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.
The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would exclude Internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push similar efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York, Philadelphia and the District.
While cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft and shoddy record-keeping, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say.
“Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose challenges to low-income communities that may not have access to credit/debit,” New York City Council member Ritchie Torres said on Twitter last month when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.
According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of physical currency is uneven among the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant gap in cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75,000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, compared with people who make less than $30,000.
The Pew findings suggest that the benefits of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely than higher earners to make all or almost all of their purchases with cash, according to the study.
As CNBC has noted, business leaders have defended cashless policies by pointing to higher security and improved customer service and efficiency, even as they acknowledge their critics. Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the traditional banking system with more affordable options, attacking the root cause behind the criticisms of cashless payments.
*Note: CNBC美国消费者新闻与商业频道
36．What can be inferred about the global trend towards electronic payments
A．Countries in the world are banning digital payments in their own ways.
B．Most countries are experiencing the increasing digitalization of payments.
C．Some countries are proposing measures to discourage cashless policies.
D．Most countries are actively promoting the circulation of physical currencies.
37．Why are some people left behind by no-cash policies
A．Because they are opposed to electronic payments.
B．Because they lack the motive to open a bank account.
C．Because they don’t have access to financial institutions.
D．Because they are unable to use payment-related mobile apps.
38．Cashless policies may bring about the following benefits EXCEPT ________.
A．great convenience to consumers
B．greater protection against theft
C．excluding undocumented immigrants
D．improvement in customer service and efficiency
39．What is implied in the passage
A．Americans with higher income are more likely to use cash.
B．Paper currencies will be replaced by digital payments soon.
C．Some people may pay a price for adopting electronic payments.
D．The gap in household income is irrelevant to the payment habits of people.
A Chinese coin found in a Hampshire field suggests that medieval (中世纪) trade between England and the Far East was more extensive than previously thought, a historian has said.
The coin of the Northern Song dynasty dates from 1008-1016, but is of a type that remained in wide use in China for several hundred years.
It is the second Chinese coin found in a medieval context in England and experts said that its discovery added weight to the idea that the two coins were genuine medieval losses and not dropped by modern collectors.
The coin was found by a detectorist near Petersfield and about 20 miles from the only other Chinese work of art from medieval England: a piece of blue and white porcelain (瓷器) from a small cup or bowl, which could be placed in Winchester in the 14th century.
Caitlin Green, a historian at the University of Cambridge, suggested in a blog that the coin might have been brought to England at about the same time as the porcelain.
She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century rather than a one-off. This was centuries before imports of Chinese goods became widespread in the 1600s, but about the same time as Chinese pottery is known to have been owned by royals in France and Italy.
The history of Chinese goods in Britain goes back further, however, with rich Roman Britons known to have bought Chinese silk.
Dr Green said that goods from China would have reached England over several stages by way of the Middle East and Italy.
40．What can be learned about the two Chinese coins mentioned in the passage
A．They were unearthed at the same site.
B．They were believed to have arrived at England in the 1300s.
C．They were found to have been owned by royals in France and Italy.
D．They were dropped by modem collectors.
41．The word “one-off” (paragraph 6) most probably means _______.
A．something that doesn’t happen regularly
B．something that doesn’t happen only once
C．something that happens on a small scale
D．something that happens unexpected
42．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．Chinese coin hints at vast medieval trade route
B．Coins and white porcelain trace back to ancient China
C．Chinese silk points at a lasting England-China relationship
D．History of Chinese goods in Britain has been redefined
The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车).
Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.
The contest over the gently rolling hills of the Sauerland, a pretty district in western Germany, started as a joke.
Klaus-Peter Kappest, a photographer from Oberkirchen, had been frustrated for years by the slow pace of his uploads. At 15 megabits (比特,一种信息量单位) per second, it sometimes takes him several hours to send a batch of high-resolution images to his clients. One day Mr Kappest, 52, was chatting to his colleagues at Woll, a local magazine. He suggested that he would be better off delivering his photographs by horse. “That was the most reliable communications technology in the Middle Ages,” he said. “And the editor said, ‘Well let’s do it then, let’s see which is truly faster.”
Mr Kappest turned to Jakob Schutte, a rider who lives in the same village, and Favo, his horse. The photographer burnt 4.2GB of images on to a DVD, packed it into a bag and sent it off with Favo and Mr Schutte on the 10km ride to the printer’s office in Schmallenberg.
At the same time he uploaded the data through WeTransfer, a popular file-sharing service. The computer had a 20-minute head start while Mr Schutte started off down the road, past Wilzenberg mountain. Favo made the journey in 104 minutes. The file transfer, however, was not finished until the horse had returned to Oberkirchen more than two hours later. In total it took five hours.
There was a serious point behind the story. Germany has long been known for its poor broadband and mobile internet coverage, particularly in the countryside. Two years ago a report by a network regulator found that 29 per cent of internet users received less than half the speed to which they were contractually entitled. While things have improved, a global survey carried out this year found that it took on average 16 minutes and eight seconds to download a 5GB film through a German internet connection—a little better than the UK but worse than Puerto Rico and Barbados.
In the Sauerland, Mr Kappest’s area, millions of euros have been spent on a new network but the connections have yet to be switched on in dozens of towns and villages, including Oberkirchen. The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.
43．The story of a stagecoach is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to _______.
A．lead in the topic B．introduce a new race
C．highlight a historical year D．correct people’s misunderstanding
44．Which of the following is true of Jakob Schutte and his horse
A．They were hired by WeTransfer.
B．They used to live in Schmallenberg.
C．They completed the task in less than two hours.
D．They spent five hours on the way to Oberkirchen.
45．Which of the following is a consequence of the horse race
A．Germany will realize its poor broadband service.
B．Mr Kappest will soon have a better internet connection.
C．More euros will be spent on the new network in the Sauerland.
D．Oberkirchen will be the first in Germany to stop any horse race,
46．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage
A．Germany falls behind in wifi connection
B．History hardly repeats itself in normal ways
C．Uploading photographs in a modem world is all that easy
D．Horse power still has an advantage in race with village wifi
Our lives are made up of human-machine interactions—with smartphones, televisions, computers—that have the power to delight and, often, frustrate. Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone. And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s.
According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists. If you want to study UX, you now have the option at some three dozen institutions in the United States, including Carnegie Mellon and the University of Washington. But Ford is one of the few major industrial companies in the U.S. to put a UX expert, Jim Hackett, in charge.
At present, the question facing the car industry is basically whether high-tech giants such as Tesla and Google can learn car-making technology trains faster than Ford, GM, and other carmakers can learn software and algorithms. But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine. “One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman.
Hackett retired from Steelcase, a furniture maker, in 2014 and in 2016, Bill Ford hired him to run the automaker’s Smart Mobility subsidiary, which was tasked with rethinking from the ground up how cars would be driven, powered, and owned. “This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. This, he said, can decline over time, as a company loses sight of the problems it’s in the business of solving. The design gap may be noticeable when the job is, say, building a marginally better tailgate for the Ford F-150. But it becomes positively yawning when your industry is so thoroughly turned on its head that you’re forced to ask some basic questions: Do people want to own their cars or share them Drive them or have them driven The flood of new technologies makes everything possible.
47．Which of the following statements best describes a UX designer’s responsibility
A．He is devoted to designing innovative products.
B．He is devoted to making a product satisfy users’ needs.
C．He is devoted to improving a company’s internal language.
D．He is devoted to understanding human-machine interactions.
48．What can be inferred from the passage
A．UX designers are regarded as one of those best-paid jobs.
B．High-tech giants have taken the lead in car manufacturing.
C．Companies are laying greater emphasis on customers’ feelings.
D．The UX courses provided by the US institutions are far from enough,
49．Ford hires Jim Hackett because the company believes that _______.
A．it is currently facing the biggest challenge that needs a new perspective
B．Hackett’s design thinking is quite different from other UX professionals
C．customers’ experience plays a decisive role in the car-making competition
D．Steelcase gave Hackett enough time and experience to grow up into an expert
50．What is Jim Hackett most likely to agree with
A．For should pay less attention to new technologies.
B．Ford has long been ignoring customers’ experience.
C．Ford is no longer a leading company in auto making skills.
D．Ford has made a wrong decision to build a tailgate for the F-150.
Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle is an icon of British literature, world renowned for his crime fiction creation, “Sherlock Holmes”. His ability to create exciting stories filled with mystery still resonates with readers today, and modern reincarnations (再生) in both film and television mean Holmes is as popular as ever. The creation of such an extraordinary world would be an impossible task for most, so where did Doyle find the inspirations behind its conception
The topics, characters and events that unfold within Doyle’s creations may seem far removed from you or I, but for Arthur, they were much closer to home. The main inspiration for Holmes was Arthur’s professor at Edinburgh Medical School, Dr. Joseph Bell. The doctor, armed with fantastic scientific knowledge and remarkable abilities in observation and deduction (演绎), would know someone’s occupation and habits from the tiniest details. On one occasion, he shocked his class by deducing the occupation of a patient simply from his accent, schedule, and hands. Additionally, working with murder investigations, illnesses and dead bodies through his studies, Doyle became very knowledgeable about this area.
Since school, Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories, so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness, right
Well, not quite. Few people know that it didn’t take long for Doyle to get frustrated with the character. While he ranked his work highly, he actually felt that his career had, “gone off the rails” and wrote to his mother saying, “I must save my mind for better things.” Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem. Holmes and Moriarty plunge to their deaths at the Reichenbach Falls and Sherlock Holmes was finished.
But, as with any Holmes tale, there is a twist! Fans were extremly angry and canceled their subscriptions for The Strand Magazine in record numbers. The continuous pressure from fans and publishers finally led Doyle to publish a new story, The Hound of Baskervilles, in 1901. This, however, was set before the death of Sherlock so the complete resurrection (复活) happened in 1903, with The Adventure of the Empty House, in which it is revealed that only Moriarty fell and Holmes faked his death.
51．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．The success of Sherlock Holmes made Doyle instant famous.
B．The invention of film and television has helped to promote Sherlock Holmes.
C．Doyle found inspiration mainly from Dr. Joseph Bell and his teacher in school.
D．Doyle’s writing capabilities was long recognized by his peers.
52．Why did Doyle feel frustrated with Sherlock Holmes
A．The character was not as keen as Dr. Joseph Bell.
B．He couldn’t make much money from the book.
C．The book kept him from writing serious literature.
D．He was attacked by the fans of the book.
53．What can you infer from the passage
A．Doyle didn’t show talent for writing until he met Dr. Joseph Bell.
B．The success of Sherlock Holmes was bitter-sweet to Doyle.
C．Many movies are adapted from the story of Sherlock Holmes.
D．Doyle was involved in murder investigations in order to write Sherlock Holmes.
54．This passage is most probably taken from ________.
A．a booklet of Doyle museum B．a website for fans of Holmes
C．a literary magazine D．an academic report
Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called “Why Don’t You — Yes But”, which remains one of the most annoying aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don’t want a solution; they want to be validated (认可) in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can “win” the game — dismissing every suggestion until interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance — they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their anger and excused from any obligation to change.
Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you’re feeling hard done by — taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a stupid boss — it’s easy to become attached to the position that it’s not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there’s a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.
Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as “over-validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further complaining, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The concept that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic, not to mention rather annoying — so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.
“And then, sometimes, something magical might happen, ” Gotlieb writes. The other person “might realize she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. ” Avoiding responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.
55．What is the characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to Eric Berne
A．They are angry about their ill treatment and feel bitter towards whoever tries to help.
B．They are habitually unhappy and endlessly find fault with people around them.
C．They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for dealing with the problem.
D．They lack the basic skills required for successful conversations with others.
56．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep
A．People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes.
B．It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault.
C．People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.
D．A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault.
57．What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers
A．Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.
B．Listen to their complaints attentively and sympathetically.
C．Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.
D．Persuade them to clarify the confusion they caused.
58．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．What is the responsibility/fault fallacy for chronic complainers
B．How can you avoid dangerous traps in everyday social life
C．Who are chronic complainers and how to deal with them
D．Why should we stop being a chronic complainer and assume responsibility
Eight steps to refocus your anxiety
Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope.
This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.
Take a break from the news. Doomscrolling can be addictive and increase the tragic nature of events. In one study, researchers found that those who were immersed in the Boston Marathon bombing news for multiple hours a day in the week after the event experienced higher stress than individuals who were on the scene. I advise those who are feeling depressed by the headlines to read the news just once a day, turn off alerts on their phone and, if possible, check social media less often.
Take care of yourself. You have to be in good fighting shape to cope with the current problems. That means boosting your resilience (韧性) by taking care of your nervous system (sleep well, eat well, exercise wisely) and engaging in positive activities.
Focus on the present. Get in the habit of putting yourself in the here and now. Worrying about the future is not helpful.
Try a breathing exercise. Taking a few deep breaths — for instance, breathing in into the count of five and breathing out to the count of five — will help calm your sympathetic nervous system (the fight or flight response) and lower your anxiety. At the very least, breathing gives you something to do when your feel your heart rate pounding quickly.
Think about your victories. Remind yourself of what’s working well in your own life — whether it’s your job, friendships, or the array of houseplants you cultivated during the pandemic.
Be your own therapist. Ask yourself, what do I specifically feel hopeless about and why Being able to put into words what’s getting you down can help you feel less flooded by emotions and better able to process the information rationally(理性地).
Take action. Worrying doesn’t help one’s mental health, but taking action does. Look around your community. Maybe your local playground would benefit from a basketball court, or your church could sponsor a refugee family. When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.
Join forces with a friend. Pick a cause. There are hundreds of nonprofits dedicated to addressing some of the most biggest challenges on the planet. Donate money to an inspiring organization or volunteer.
59．What’s the purpose of writing this passage
A．To encourage people to help those in need.
B．To help those in need of help relieve anxiety.
C．To urge people to take action to help themselves.
D．To cheer readers up and boost a feeling of optimism.
60．What does the underlined part of the sentence mean
A．“stopping moving and staying where you are”
B．“focusing on the present moment”
C．“placing yourself in a favorable environment”
D．“forgetting about the losses and gains”
61．Which of the following statements is in line with the author’s advice
A．Only check social media once a day.
B．Involve oneself in activities that boost one’s nervous system.
C．Think of the past victories.
D．Engage in local issues and make contributions.
University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited Items
The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet Policy
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, will pay an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
Quiet Hours
Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday, Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.
62．If a visiting friend leaves a cat in the residence of a student for three days, what will happen
A．The student will receive a fine of $1 50.
B．The student will be punished financially.
C．The student will receive a written notice immediately once the cat is found by the office.
D．The student will be sent to the Student Court to defend his or her case.
63．When can students enjoy a party in residences
A．7:00 am, Sunday. B．7:30 am, Thursday.
C．11:30 pm, Monday. D．00:30 am, Saturday.
64．According to the regulations, how many statements listed here are true
a. Wireless routers are allowed if they are registered in the office in advance.
b. No pets are allowed to be kept in the residence.
c. Students are required to close kitchen doors after cooking.
d. Under no circumstances is a student allowed to cook in his room.
A．0 B．1 C．2 D．3
If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence (AI) tool that is going viral, the responses you get back are almost instantaneous, utterly certain and often wrong. It is a bit like talking to an economist. The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT yield much more indecisive answers. But they are ones that managers ought to start asking.
One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job security. Worries are natural. An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another. Being clear about how workers would redirect time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster acceptance. So does creating a sense of agency: research conducted by a team in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that an ability to override (凌驾于) an AI makes employees more likely to use it.
Employees at Tapestry, a set of luxury brands, were given access to a forecasting model that told them how to assign stock to stores. Some used a model whose logic could be interpreted; others used a model that was more of a black box. Workers turned out to be likelier to overturn models they could understand because they were, mistakenly, sure of their own intuitions (直觉). Workers were willing to accept the decisions of a model they could not explain, however, because of their confidence in the expertise of people who had built it. The qualifications of those behind an AI matter.
The different ways that customers respond to humans and to algorithms (算法) is a booming area of research. In a recent paper Gizem Yalcin of the University of Texas at Austin and her coauthors looked at whether customers responded differently to decisions — to approve someone for a loan, for example, or a country club membership — when they were made by a machine or a person. They found that people reacted the same when they were being rejected. But they felt less positive about an organisation when they were approved by an algorithm rather than a human. The reason People are good at explaining away unfavourable decisions, whoever makes them. However, it is harder for them to attribute a successful application to their own charming, delightful selves when assessed by a machine. People want to feel special, not reduced to a data point.
The picture that emerges from such research is messy. It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve, so will attitudes. But it is crystal clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel.
65．It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author thinks economists are likely to ________.
A．be unconfident about their own standpoints
B．provide unreliable suggestions to the public
C．be frequent users of such AIs as ChatGPT
D．serve as qualified consultants for managers
66．According to the second and third paragraphs, which of the following statements is correct
A．AI would be more accepted if it joins in social events like dinner parties.
B．Directors should find ways to remind employees of their false intuitions.
C．The finding of MIT research conflicts with the implication of Tapestry case.
D．Workers tend to accept a model hard to understand due to a sense of agency.
67．According to the passage, Gizem Yalcin’s finding best explains that people ________.
A．tend to forecast negative judgements whoever the maker
B．react the same when receiving favorable assessments
C．refuse to be rated by a machine employed by a company
D．value their distinctive features in a particular situation
68．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．employees’ and customers’ attitudes to AI
B．questions managers should ask AI tools
C．the research and development of AI techs
D．different ways of assessing AI applications
69．________ thinks kids are having an effect on the climate movement
A．Joyce Sidman B．Ellen Nam
C．Naomi Klein D．Kushal Konwar Sarma
70．Which of the following statements is true about the three books
A．Hello, Earth! is a collection of poems by young children.
B．How to Change Everything provides solutions to climate issues.
C．The Elephant Doctor of India is a non-fiction about a veterinarian.
D．Each of the three books deals with a specific environmental problem.
71．The passage is most likely from _________.
A．a scientific journal B．an animal brochure
C．an environmental report D．a children’s magazine
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一篇关于手机的广告。
1．细节理解题。根据小标题EASY TO BE PREPARED后的段落中“In any uncertain or unsafe situation, simply press the 5Star button(在任何不确定或不安全的情况下，只需按下五星按钮)”可知，当有人处于不安全的情况下，他/她应该按下五星按钮。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第五行中“Buy now and get a FREECar Charger, a $25 value!(现在购买并获得免费汽车充电器，价值25美元!)”可知，如果你现在买一个新的Jitterbug，你可以得到一个免费的汽车充电器。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据小标题EASY TO BE PREPARED后的段落中“In any uncertain or unsafe situation, simply press the 5Star button and a highly-trained Urgent Response Agent will confirm your location, evaluate your situation and get you the help you need, 24/7.(在任何不确定或不安全的情况下，只需按下5星按钮，训练有素的紧急响应人员将确认你的位置，评估你的情况，并为你提供所需的全天候帮助)”可知，紧急响应代理是七天24小时工作的，所以B项错误。故选B项。
4．C 5．B 6．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，这四本书的共同点是试图引导读者在人类发展方面有积极的看法
4．细节理解题。根据第一部分的“Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several human instincts that distort(扭曲)our perspective. This book focuses on our instinctive biases(偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.(《事实》试图解释其中的原因，表明人类有几种本能会扭曲我们的视角。这本书关注的是我们本能的偏见，提供实用的建议，帮助我们看到世界上好的一面和坏的一面)”，第二部分的“Are things getting worse every day Is progress an impossible goal In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. (事情一天比一天糟糕吗？进步是一个不可能实现的目标吗？在《启蒙运动》中，史蒂文·平克着眼于人类进步的大局，发现了好消息。我们活得更长、更健康、更自由、更幸福)”，第三部分的“But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child| mortality are falling.(但事实上，生活正在变得越来越好。收入、粮食供应和寿命都在增加；疾病、暴力和儿童死亡率正在下降)”和最后一部分的“The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty.(大多数人认为，发展中国家正处于可怕的境地：遭受着令人难以置信的贫困和战争。现实情况是，一场巨大的变革正在发生。在过去的20年里，超过7亿人增加了收入，摆脱了贫困)”可知，这四本书的共同点是：它们试图引导读者在人类发展方面有积极的看法。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二部分的“Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data.(Pinker要求我们不要再过分关注那些宣告世界末日的负面新闻和头条新闻。相反，他向我们展示了一些精心挑选的数据)”推知，Steven Pinker通过提供事实证据来支持他的论点。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三部分“For more than two hundred yea