人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 1 Art单元复习学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Art
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master infinitive
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
动词不定式（短语）作表语
动词不定式（短语）作表语相当于名词作表语。它和主语处在同等地位，所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。
一、动词不定式（短语）作表语的用法
1. 主语是以aim，suggestion，duty，hope，idea，intention，plan，purpose，the way to do sth等为中心的名词词组时，或者以what引导的名词性分句表示，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
例：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
我的想法是从北面爬这座山。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion.
我的建议是征求你父亲的意见。
The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in the planning and preparing.
鼓励孩子享受美食的最好方法是让他们参与计划和准备（美食）。
2. 表示目的。
例：The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
3. 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
例：He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children.
后来他在一次船只失事中丧生，留下了妻子和两个孩子。
4. 用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must具有情态意义。
例：The regulations are to be observed.
规章制度必须遵守。(must)
You are to be rewarded.
你应受奖励。（should）
It's nowhere to be found.
哪儿也找不到它。（can't be）
5. 表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、意愿、禁止”等。
例：They are to marry next week.
他们将在下周结婚。（安排）
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.
成功，就必须有耐心，有毅力。（愿望）
6. 动词不定式（短语）作表语时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：Who is to blame for the fire
谁该对此次火灾负责？
The house is to let.
该房屋出租。
Something is still to find out.
有些东西还有待查明。
二、动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式（短语）作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下几种情况下可省略不定式符号to：
1. all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：All we need to do is live each day with hope.
我们需要做的就是带着希望过好每一天。
2. what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
我想马上就去度假。
3.（主句）主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
晚上他唯一做的就是看报纸。
三、动词不定式（短语）作表语和v-ing（短语）作表语的区别
1. 动词不定式（短语）和v-ing（短语）作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为v-ing（短语），则表语也应使用v-ing（短语），若主语为动词不定式（短语），则表语也应使用动词不定式（短语）。
例：To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2. 动词不定式（短语）和v-ing（短语）作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外：
（1）当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式（短语）作表语。
例：Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
她最大的愿望是将自己的新想法付诸实践。
（2）若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing（短语）作表语。
例：My favorite sport is swimming.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。
练习：
1. My chief purpose is _________ (help) solve the difficulties you met with.
2. I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is _________ (open) a cafe.
3. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is _________ (relieve) worldwide starvation.
4. At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he was _________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America.
5. Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor
is _________ (keep) your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair.
6. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is _________ (live) in harmony with nature.
7. His most exciting invitation was _________ (perform) on a TV programme called "Top of the Pops".
8. All he has to do now is _________ (talk) with his teacher face to face.
9. The idea of garden city was _________ (combination) the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement.
10. My ambition is _________ (work) in the computer industry when I grow up.
答案：
1. to help
2. to open
3. to relieve
4. to become
5. (to) keep
6. to live
7. to perform
8. to talk
9. to combine
10. to work
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1. In the Hujiayuan community in Beijing, an old building that ①_____(house) a boiler to heat apartments has been transformed to provide facilities, including a medical center for ②_____ elderly and a fitness center.
The boiler room site had been vacant since winter 2016, ③_____ heating pipelines(管道) in the community were taken over by the government. ④_____(support) by the Beijing government, work on an improvement project began in 2017, and about 660 households have equally benefited. Lyu Yuhong, 73, who has lived in the community for more than 30 years, said the improvements have made her life much ⑤_____(easy), as she can now visit a doctor and exercise in her neighborhood.
By the end of 2021, the government ⑥_____(identify) 100 such projects in seven districts aimed at improving transportation, upgrading greenery work, and providing ⑦_____(addition) public facilities to improve the quality of living. Liu Daizong, program director at the World Resources Institute, said it is vital to improve the living environment for ⑧_____(resident) in Beijing. “Redesigning a street can change its appearance and make it more ⑨_____(order), but after this work is done, vehicles may still occupy the street. The way you manage this is ⑩_____(keep) the order of the street from the start by clarifying its functions.” Liu added.
2. There have been many false dawns for the electric car. France and the UK were among the ①_____(pioneer) of electric vehicles in the late 19th century, with wealthy customers ②_____(use) them for short trips around cities. By the early 1900s, ③_____, the discovery of abundant oil reserves and larger road networks had helped to ruin the use of electric cars in favour of petrol.
Today, more than a century later, polluting petrol cars still dominate sales ④_____(global) but there are encouraging signs of 2021 possibly being the start of a lasting electric future.
Norway, a nation whose wealth ⑤_____(base) on fossil fuels, last year became the first country in the world where the sales of electric cars overtook ⑥_____ powered by petrol engines. Britain's Boris Johnson last year promised to end the sale of new petrol cars by 2030. The target is ⑦_____(admire) but only achievable if accompanied by an ⑧_____(improve) of the existing charging services for EVs.
Ultimately, the goal must be for EVs ⑨_____(become) commercial in their own right. A key turning point will come when they cost as much to produce ⑩_____ conventional vehicles.
答案：
1.答案：①housed②the③when④Supported⑤easier⑥had identified⑦additional⑧residents⑨orderly⑩to keep
解析：①考查一般过去时。句意:在北京的胡家园社区,一幢曾经有锅炉为公寓供暖的老建筑已经被改造为提供包括老年人医疗中心和健身中心在内的设施。分析句子可知,that引导定语从句,指代先行词building,在从句中作主语,空处是从句的谓语动词,结合“has been transformed to provide facilities可知,从句是描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填housed。
②考查定冠词。句意同上。此处是考查"the+形容词"的用法,表示一类人,the elderly老年人。故填the。
③考查定语从句。句意:锅炉房的场地从2016年冬天开始空置,当时社区的供暖管道被政府接管。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是winter 2016,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。故填when。
④考查过去分词。句意:在北京市政府的支持下,改善项目于2017年启动,约660户家庭受益。动词support和逻辑主语work之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作状语,首字母应大写。故填Supported。
⑤考查形容词比较级。句意:73岁的Lyu Yuhong已经在这个社区住了30多年,她说,这些改善让她的生活变得更容易了,因为她现在可以在附近看医生,锻炼身体。根据"as she can now visit a doctor and exercise in her neighborhood"及空前的much可知,此处应用形容词比较级作宾补,暗含与以前的比较,表示“她的生活变得更容易”,故填easier。
⑥考查过去完成时。句意:截至2021年底,政府已在7个地区确定了100个此类项目,旨在改善交通、升级绿化工作、提供额外的公共设施以提高生活质量。根据时间状语“By the end of 202l”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间前就已经完成的动作,故填had identified。
⑦考查形容词。句意同上。空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词facilities, additional额外的,形容词。故填additional。
⑧考查名词复数。句意:世界资源研究所项目主任Liu Daizong表示,改善北京居民的生活环境至关重要。resident居民,可数名词,结合空后的“in Beijing”可知,此处应用复数形式,故填residents。
⑨考查形容词。句意:重新设计街道可以改变它的外观,使它更有秩序,但在这项工作完成后,车辆可能仍然占据街道。空处应填形容词作宾补,orderly整齐的,有秩序的,形容词。故填orderly。
⑩考查动词不定式。句意:"处理这一问题的方法是从一开始就通过明确其功能来保持街道的秩序。"Liu说。此处应填动词不定式作表语,说明主语的具体内容。故填to keep。
2.答案：①pioneers②using③however④globally⑤is based⑥those⑦admirable⑧improvement⑨to become⑩as
解析：①考查名词复数。句意:19世纪末,法国和英国是电动汽车的先驱之一,富有的客户在城市短途旅行时使用电动汽车。在介词among后应用可数名词复数。故填pioneers。
②考查现在分词。句意:19世纪末,法国和英国是电动汽车的先驱之一,富有的客户在城市短途旅行时使用电动汽车。在“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构中,动词use和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词作宾补。故填using。
③考查连词。句意:然而,到20世纪初,丰富的石油储量和更大的公路网的发现,帮助人们减少对电动汽车的使用,转而使用以汽油为燃料的汽车。后文"the discovery of abundant oil reserves and larger road networks had helped to ruin the use of electric cars in favour of petrol"和前文构成转折关系,且此处有逗号,所以应用表示转折的副词however。故填however。
④考查副词。句意:一个多世纪后的今天,污染严重的汽油车仍在全球销售中占主导地位,但有令人鼓舞的迹象表明,2021年可能将开启持久的电动汽车未来。修饰动词dominate应用副词。故填globally。
⑤考查固定短语和时态。句意:以化石燃料为财富基础的挪威,去年成为世界上第一个电动汽车销量超过汽油发动机汽车的国家此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。be based on意为做……基础,为固定搭配。故填is based。
⑥考查代词。句意:以化石燃料为财富基础的挪威,去年成为世界上第一个电动汽车销量超过汽油发动机汽车的国家。此处指代和前文提到的cars同类型的事物,应用those。故填those。
⑦考查形容词。句意:这目标令人钦佩,但只有在改善现有电动汽车充电服务的情况下才能实现。此处缺少形容词作表语,故填admirable。
⑧考查名词。句意:这一目标令人钦佩,但只有在改善现有电动汽车充电服务的情况下才能实现。不定冠词an后应用名词单数作介词by的宾语。名词improvement意为"改善"。故填improvement。
⑨考查不定式。句意:最终的目标必须是让电动汽车凭借自己的能力实现商业化。主语是goal,应用不定式作表语。故填to become。
⑩考查介词。句意:当它们的生产成本与传统汽车相当时,一个关键的转折点就会到来。as much as意为"和......一样多",为固定.搭配。故填as。
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