人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues大 单元 复习学案（含答案）
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Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master v.-ing
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
（1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，
常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to + sb.+ doing sth.（doing作宾补）
（2）表示指使意义的动词使役动词
常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave +sb./ sth. + doing sth. (doing作宾补)使某人做某事
3. see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。
例：We heard the telephone ringing.
We heard the telephone ring.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1. 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
（= After we have made full preparation...）
2. 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
（= Since he was ill...）
3. 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
（= ... and broke it into pieces...）
4. 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
（= If you work hard at your lessons...）
5. 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。
（= Though he worked hard as he did...）
6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）
注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如提供的动词不能与句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须拥有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
例：Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。
（permitting 的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）
练习：
1. Each statue has a different face, ___________ (make) researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.
2. She has never seen such a collective dedication from a nation, ___________ (turn) things for the better by sacrificing personal convenience.
3. Many children of Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at school and speak Chinese at home, ___________ (lead) to fluency in both languages.
4. Weather ___________ (permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
5. My cousin came to see me from the country, ___________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.
6. While ___________ (watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.
7. ___________ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
8. He sat at the desk, ___________ (read) a newspaper.
9. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus ___________ (motivate) us to continue along the same path of adventure.
10. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and ___________ (talk).
答案：
1. making
2. turning
3. leading
4. permitting
5. bringing
6. watching
7. Not knowing
8. reading
9. motivating
10. talking
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms ,which is ①_____ unique creation by Chinese ancestors. The Spring Equinox(春分) is the ②_____(four) term of the year that starts on March 21st in the solar calendar this year. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards gradually resulting ③_____ longer daytime in the Northern Hemisphere and longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. Warmer temperature thaw(融化) frozen ground to make it easier ④_____(plant) crops.
There are also some well-known traditional customs, including standing eggs, flying kites and eating spring vegetables. Standing an egg upright is an old custom that dates back to 4,000 years ago. People practice this tradition to celebrate the coming of spring. It ⑤_____(believe) that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. ⑥_____every branch is in blossom, the spring outgoing is highly recommended during this period. Apart from going outside, have you gone on a healthy diet so far this Spring The "spring vegetables", ⑦_____(literal) speaking, are the fresh vegetables in season, ⑧_____ refer to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place. The Spring Equinox is also a good time to fly kites. To pray for health, people write various medical ⑨_____(issue) on a paper kite. When the kite is in the air, people will cut off the string to let the paper kite float away, ⑩_____(symbolize) the flying away of diseases.
2. About 25 km from the southeast of Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province stands Zhaozhou Bridge, which ①_____ (build)in AD 595 in the Sui Dynasty. It is the ②_____(early) and best-preserved open-spandrel stone arch bridge(开放式石拱桥)now in existence.
With a total length of 51 m, and a span (跨度)of37m,the bridge is a single-arch stone bridge ③_____ has the longest span and history. The bridge is complex yet elegantly constructed. The two smaller spans in the shoulders of the bridge were ④_____ innovation in the history of bridge construction，⑤_____(give)the stone bridge an elegant design.
Zhaozhou Bridge has its own ⑥_____(architecture)features; the length of the span and the smoothness of the arch not only cut down the use of materials but also promote travel. The two small spans in the two shoulders increase the drainage(排水)area ⑦_____(ease)the flow of water, reduce the use of materials, lighten the bridge，⑧_____ improve its stability.
With a history of about 1 400 years, Zhaozhou Bridge ⑨_____(go)through a lot of natural disasters so far, including ⑩_____ least 10 floods，8 wars and many earthquakes. In 1996，a 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit Xingtai, about 40 km from the bridge, but it remained safe and sound.
3. A large historical house that's been in Seattle's Queen Anne neighborhood for more than a century will be on sale later this year.
The splendid home, ①_____(locate) at 618 West Highland Drive, has sat on its 0.32-acre plot since 1905. It was built at the turn of the 20th century, ②_____(use) plans drawn up by W. Marbury Somervell, ③_____ work can be found throughout the Pacific Northwest. Inside the house, many of the features—including its floor, staircase, and ceiling beams—④_____(restore) so much so that they appear fancy and shiny. This home is not a time capsule: The kitchen is modern and equipped ⑤_____ high-end appliances. The six bedrooms and bathrooms suit those looking to live a life of luxury.
The house's location is ⑥_____ added bonus in itself. It ⑦_____(border) Parsons Gardens, which were once part of the property. The ⑧_____(origin) owners of the home, the Parsons family, gifted the gardens to the city in 1956.
"We raised our children in ⑨_____ we believe is both a warm, welcoming home and a nice entertaining space for family, friends and good ⑩______(cause)," the owner said. "We hope the new owners will enjoy and cherish it."
答案：
1.答案：①a②fourth③in④to plant⑤is believed⑥As/Since/For⑦literally⑧which⑨issues⑩symbolizing
解析：①考查冠词。句意:中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气,这是中国祖先的一个独特的创作。结合语意,此处表示中国祖先的一个独特的创作,空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,unique是辅音音素开头的单词,前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
②考查序数词。句意:春分是一年中的第四个节气,从今年阳历的3月21日开始。结合语意以及常识可知,春分是第四个节气,空处应用序数词fourth,表示"第四",符合题意。故填fourth。
③考查介词。句意:春分后,太阳逐渐向北移动,导致北半球的白天更长,南半球的夜晚更长。result in为固定短语,表示"导致",符合题意,所以空处应用介词in。故填in。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:温度升高使冻土融化,使作物更容易种植。分析句子结构可知,it为形式宾语,空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to plant。
⑤考查固定句型。句意:人们相信,如果有人能把鸡蛋立起来,他将来会有好运。It is believed that为固定句型,表示"人们相信",符合题意。故填is believed。
⑥考查连词。句意:由于每一根枝条都在开花,因此强烈建议在这段时间内春季开始。结合语意可知,句子前后表示因果关系,所以空处应用连词as/since/for,表示"因为",引导原因状语从句,置于句首,首字母大写。故填As/Since/For。
⑦考查副词。句意:照字义来讲,"春菜"是指当季的新鲜蔬菜,指的是各地不同的时令蔬菜。literally speaking为固定结构,表示"照字义来讲",所以空处应用副词literally。故填literally。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:照字义来讲,"春菜"是指当季的新鲜蔬菜,指的是各地不同的时令蔬菜。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the fresh vegetables in season,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
⑨考查名词。句意:为了祈求健康,人们在纸风筝上写下各种各样的医学问题。结合语意可知,此处表示各种各样的医学问题,所以空处应用名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填issues。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意:当风筝在空中时,人们会剪断绳子,让纸风筝飘走,象征着疾病飞走。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动词,结合语意,人们剪断绳子,让纸风筝飞走,自然而然的结果是象征疾病飞走,所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填symbolizing。
2.答案：①was built②earliest③that/which④an⑤giving⑥architectural⑦to ease⑧and⑨has gone⑩at
解析：①考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"in AD 595 in the Sui Dynasty"可知，此处应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，指代先行词"Zhaozhou Bridge"在从句中作主语，因先行词"Zhaozhou Brige"为第三人称单数，定语从句的谓语动词应用单三形式；且 which 所指代的"Zhaozhou Bridge"与动词build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 was built。
②考查形容词的比较等级。根据"and best-preserved"可知，此处应用early的最高级形式与"best-preserved"并列。故填earliest。
③考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a single-arch、stone bridge"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
④考查冠词。此处泛指"建桥史的一次创新"，应用不定冠词；且innovation是读音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑤考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有be动词were,此处应用非谓语动词；且 give 与逻辑主语"The two smaller spans in the shoulders of the bridge"之间构成主谓关系，此处应用现在分词作状语。故填giving。
⑥考查词性转换。根据"features"可知，此处应用形容词architectural作定语；architectural features表示"建筑特色，结构特征"。故填architectural。
⑦考查非谓语动词。此处表示两肩上的两个小拱门增加了排水面积以缓解水流，减少材料的使用，减轻桥梁的重量，并提高了稳定性。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ease。
⑧考查连词。此处表示两肩上的两个小拱门增加了排水面积以缓解水流，减少材料的使用，减轻桥梁的重量，并提高了稳定性。分析句子结构可知，"increase the drainage(排水)area""reduce the use of materials""lighten the bridge"和"improve its stability"之间为并列关系，此处应用and连接。故填and。
⑨考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据"so far"可知，此处应用现在完成时；分析句子结构可知，主语"Zhaozhou Bridge"是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has gone。
⑩考查介词。此处表示至少10次洪水。at least是固定搭配，意为"至少"。故填at。
3.答案：①located②using③whose④have been restored⑤with⑥an⑦borders⑧original⑨what⑩causes
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意:这座豪宅位于西高地大道618号,自1905年以来一直坐落在这块0.32英亩的土地上。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。固定搭配be located at"位于",此处省略be动词,在句中作状语。故填located。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:它建于20世纪初,采用W. Marbury Somervell提出的设计方案,他的作品遍布整个太平洋西北地区。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。代词It指的是The splendid home,与动词use是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填using。
③考查定语从句。句意:它建于20世纪初,采用W. Marbury Somervell提出的设计方案,他的作品遍布整个太平洋西北地区。句中先行词为W. Marbury Somervell,在非限定性定语从句中作名词work的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
④考查时态与语态。句意:在房子内部,包括地板、楼梯和天花板横梁在内的许多特征都被修复得如此之好,以至于它们看起来既华丽又闪亮。表示已经完成的事情,用现在完成时。主语many of the features与动词restore是被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填have been restored。
⑤考查介词。句意:这个家不是一个时间胶囊:厨房很现代,配备了高端电器。固定短语be equip with"配备"。故填with。
⑥考查冠词。句意:房子的位置本身就是一个额外的好处。名词bonus是单数形式,泛指,且形容词added发音以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它与斯帕森斯花园接壤,后者曾是该地产的一部分。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语It后谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填borders。
⑧考查形容词。句意:这座房子的最初主人帕森斯一家在1956年把花园送给了市政府。名词owners前用形容词修饰。故填original。
⑨考查宾语从句。句意:"我们认为,我们的孩子是在一个温暖、受欢迎的家和一个很好的娱乐空间,为家人、朋友和慈善事业,"业主说。介词in后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
⑩考查名词的数。句意:"我们认为,我们的孩子是在一个温暖、受欢迎的家和一个很好的娱乐空间,为家人、朋友和慈善事业,"业主说。此处与and前family, friends是并列成分,所以用名词的复数形式。故填causes。
2
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master v.-ing
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
（1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，
常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to + sb.+ doing sth.（doing作宾补）
（2）表示指使意义的动词使役动词
常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave +sb./ sth. + doing sth. (doing作宾补)使某人做某事
3. see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。
例：We heard the telephone ringing.
We heard the telephone ring.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1. 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
（= After we have made full preparation...）
2. 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
（= Since he was ill...）
3. 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
（= ... and broke it into pieces...）
4. 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
（= If you work hard at your lessons...）
5. 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。
（= Though he worked hard as he did...）
6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）
注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如提供的动词不能与句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须拥有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
例：Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。
（permitting 的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）
练习：
1. Each statue has a different face, ___________ (make) researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.
2. She has never seen such a collective dedication from a nation, ___________ (turn) things for the better by sacrificing personal convenience.
3. Many children of Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at school and speak Chinese at home, ___________ (lead) to fluency in both languages.
4. Weather ___________ (permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
5. My cousin came to see me from the country, ___________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.
6. While ___________ (watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.
7. ___________ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
8. He sat at the desk, ___________ (read) a newspaper.
9. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus ___________ (motivate) us to continue along the same path of adventure.
10. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and ___________ (talk).
答案：
1. making
2. turning
3. leading
4. permitting
5. bringing
6. watching
7. Not knowing
8. reading
9. motivating
10. talking
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms ,which is ①_____ unique creation by Chinese ancestors. The Spring Equinox(春分) is the ②_____(four) term of the year that starts on March 21st in the solar calendar this year. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards gradually resulting ③_____ longer daytime in the Northern Hemisphere and longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. Warmer temperature thaw(融化) frozen ground to make it easier ④_____(plant) crops.
There are also some well-known traditional customs, including standing eggs, flying kites and eating spring vegetables. Standing an egg upright is an old custom that dates back to 4,000 years ago. People practice this tradition to celebrate the coming of spring. It ⑤_____(believe) that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. ⑥_____every branch is in blossom, the spring outgoing is highly recommended during this period. Apart from going outside, have you gone on a healthy diet so far this Spring The "spring vegetables", ⑦_____(literal) speaking, are the fresh vegetables in season, ⑧_____ refer to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place. The Spring Equinox is also a good time to fly kites. To pray for health, people write various medical ⑨_____(issue) on a paper kite. When the kite is in the air, people will cut off the string to let the paper kite float away, ⑩_____(symbolize) the flying away of diseases.
2. About 25 km from the southeast of Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province stands Zhaozhou Bridge, which ①_____ (build)in AD 595 in the Sui Dynasty. It is the ②_____(early) and best-preserved open-spandrel stone arch bridge(开放式石拱桥)now in existence.
With a total length of 51 m, and a span (跨度)of37m,the bridge is a single-arch stone bridge ③_____ has the longest span and history. The bridge is complex yet elegantly constructed. The two smaller spans in the shoulders of the bridge were ④_____ innovation in the history of bridge construction，⑤_____(give)the stone bridge an elegant design.
Zhaozhou Bridge has its own ⑥_____(architecture)features; the length of the span and the smoothness of the arch not only cut down the use of materials but also promote travel. The two small spans in the two shoulders increase the drainage(排水)area ⑦_____(ease)the flow of water, reduce the use of materials, lighten the bridge，⑧_____ improve its stability.
With a history of about 1 400 years, Zhaozhou Bridge ⑨_____(go)through a lot of natural disasters so far, including ⑩_____ least 10 floods，8 wars and many earthquakes. In 1996，a 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit Xingtai, about 40 km from the bridge, but it remained safe and sound.
3. A large historical house that's been in Seattle's Queen Anne neighborhood for more than a century will be on sale later this year.
The splendid home, ①_____(locate) at 618 West Highland Drive, has sat on its 0.32-acre plot since 1905. It was built at the turn of the 20th century, ②_____(use) plans drawn up by W. Marbury Somervell, ③_____ work can be found throughout the Pacific Northwest. Inside the house, many of the features—including its floor, staircase, and ceiling beams—④_____(restore) so much so that they appear fancy and shiny. This home is not a time capsule: The kitchen is modern and equipped ⑤_____ high-end appliances. The six bedrooms and bathrooms suit those looking to live a life of luxury.
The house's location is ⑥_____ added bonus in itself. It ⑦_____(border) Parsons Gardens, which were once part of the property. The ⑧_____(origin) owners of the home, the Parsons family, gifted the gardens to the city in 1956.
"We raised our children in ⑨_____ we believe is both a warm, welcoming home and a nice entertaining space for family, friends and good ⑩______(cause)," the owner said. "We hope the new owners will enjoy and cherish it."
答案：
1.答案：①a②fourth③in④to plant⑤is believed⑥As/Since/For⑦literally⑧which⑨issues⑩symbolizing
解析：①考查冠词。句意:中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气,这是中国祖先的一个独特的创作。结合语意,此处表示中国祖先的一个独特的创作,空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,unique是辅音音素开头的单词,前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
②考查序数词。句意:春分是一年中的第四个节气,从今年阳历的3月21日开始。结合语意以及常识可知,春分是第四个节气,空处应用序数词fourth,表示"第四",符合题意。故填fourth。
③考查介词。句意:春分后,太阳逐渐向北移动,导致北半球的白天更长,南半球的夜晚更长。result in为固定短语,表示"导致",符合题意,所以空处应用介词in。故填in。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:温度升高使冻土融化,使作物更容易种植。分析句子结构可知,it为形式宾语,空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的宾语。故填to plant。
⑤考查固定句型。句意:人们相信,如果有人能把鸡蛋立起来,他将来会有好运。It is believed that为固定句型,表示"人们相信",符合题意。故填is believed。
⑥考查连词。句意:由于每一根枝条都在开花,因此强烈建议在这段时间内春季开始。结合语意可知,句子前后表示因果关系,所以空处应用连词as/since/for,表示"因为",引导原因状语从句,置于句首,首字母大写。故填As/Since/For。
⑦考查副词。句意:照字义来讲,"春菜"是指当季的新鲜蔬菜,指的是各地不同的时令蔬菜。literally speaking为固定结构,表示"照字义来讲",所以空处应用副词literally。故填literally。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:照字义来讲,"春菜"是指当季的新鲜蔬菜,指的是各地不同的时令蔬菜。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the fresh vegetables in season,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
⑨考查名词。句意:为了祈求健康,人们在纸风筝上写下各种各样的医学问题。结合语意可知,此处表示各种各样的医学问题,所以空处应用名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填issues。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意:当风筝在空中时,人们会剪断绳子,让纸风筝飘走,象征着疾病飞走。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动词,结合语意,人们剪断绳子,让纸风筝飞走,自然而然的结果是象征疾病飞走,所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填symbolizing。
2.答案：①was built②earliest③that/which④an⑤giving⑥architectural⑦to ease⑧and⑨has gone⑩at
解析：①考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"in AD 595 in the Sui Dynasty"可知，此处应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，指代先行词"Zhaozhou Bridge"在从句中作主语，因先行词"Zhaozhou Brige"为第三人称单数，定语从句的谓语动词应用单三形式；且 which 所指代的"Zhaozhou Bridge"与动词build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 was built。
②考查形容词的比较等级。根据"and best-preserved"可知，此处应用early的最高级形式与"best-preserved"并列。故填earliest。
③考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a single-arch、stone bridge"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
④考查冠词。此处泛指"建桥史的一次创新"，应用不定冠词；且innovation是读音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑤考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有be动词were,此处应用非谓语动词；且 give 与逻辑主语"The two smaller spans in the shoulders of the bridge"之间构成主谓关系，此处应用现在分词作状语。故填giving。
⑥考查词性转换。根据"features"可知，此处应用形容词architectural作定语；architectural features表示"建筑特色，结构特征"。故填architectural。
⑦考查非谓语动词。此处表示两肩上的两个小拱门增加了排水面积以缓解水流，减少材料的使用，减轻桥梁的重量，并提高了稳定性。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ease。
⑧考查连词。此处表示两肩上的两个小拱门增加了排水面积以缓解水流，减少材料的使用，减轻桥梁的重量，并提高了稳定性。分析句子结构可知，"increase the drainage(排水)area""reduce the use of materials""lighten the bridge"和"improve its stability"之间为并列关系，此处应用and连接。故填and。
⑨考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据"so far"可知，此处应用现在完成时；分析句子结构可知，主语"Zhaozhou Bridge"是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has gone。
⑩考查介词。此处表示至少10次洪水。at least是固定搭配，意为"至少"。故填at。
3.答案：①located②using③whose④have been restored⑤with⑥an⑦borders⑧original⑨what⑩causes
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意:这座豪宅位于西高地大道618号,自1905年以来一直坐落在这块0.32英亩的土地上。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。固定搭配be located at"位于",此处省略be动词,在句中作状语。故填located。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:它建于20世纪初,采用W. Marbury Somervell提出的设计方案,他的作品遍布整个太平洋西北地区。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。代词It指的是The splendid home,与动词use是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填using。
③考查定语从句。句意:它建于20世纪初,采用W. Marbury Somervell提出的设计方案,他的作品遍布整个太平洋西北地区。句中先行词为W. Marbury Somervell,在非限定性定语从句中作名词work的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
④考查时态与语态。句意:在房子内部,包括地板、楼梯和天花板横梁在内的许多特征都被修复得如此之好,以至于它们看起来既华丽又闪亮。表示已经完成的事情,用现在完成时。主语many of the features与动词restore是被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填have been restored。
⑤考查介词。句意:这个家不是一个时间胶囊:厨房很现代,配备了高端电器。固定短语be equip with"配备"。故填with。
⑥考查冠词。句意:房子的位置本身就是一个额外的好处。名词bonus是单数形式,泛指,且形容词added发音以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它与斯帕森斯花园接壤,后者曾是该地产的一部分。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语It后谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填borders。
⑧考查形容词。句意:这座房子的最初主人帕森斯一家在1956年把花园送给了市政府。名词owners前用形容词修饰。故填original。
⑨考查宾语从句。句意:"我们认为,我们的孩子是在一个温暖、受欢迎的家和一个很好的娱乐空间,为家人、朋友和慈善事业,"业主说。介词in后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
⑩考查名词的数。句意:"我们认为,我们的孩子是在一个温暖、受欢迎的家和一个很好的娱乐空间,为家人、朋友和慈善事业,"业主说。此处与and前family, friends是并列成分,所以用名词的复数形式。故填causes。
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