人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures学案（含答案）
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Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master ellipsis
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
省略句
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
例：(I) Thank you for your help.
谢谢你的帮助。
(It) Doesn't matter.
没关系。
2. 省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分
例：(You come) This way please.
请这边走。
(Will you) Have a smoke
抽烟吗？
3. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
例：(Is) Anybody here
有人在这里吗？
Are you thirty
你30岁了吗？
Yes，I am (thirty).
是的，我是。
4. 省略宾语
例：Do you know Mr.Li
—你认识李先生吗？
I don't know (him).
—我不认识。
二、并列复合句中的省略
在由and或but等并列连词连接的并列复合句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，通常省略后面分句的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
例：Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
2. 若主语与谓语动词相同，通常省路后面分句的主谓成分。
例：His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
3. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，通常省略后面分句的主要动词及后续部分。
例：He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。
三、主从复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句的省略
（1）在 when，while，if，as if，though，although，until，once，whether...or…，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
例：Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
（2）在than和as引导的比较状语从句中常省略than和a后面的某些成分。
例：They didn't use more water than (it was) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2. 定语从句的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 whom，which，that可省略（但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略）。
例：The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。
（2）way后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语时that/in which可以省略。
例：The way (in which/that) he speaks to us is really annoying.
他和我们讲话的方式真是讨厌。
3. 宾语从句的省略
（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接了两个或两个以上的tha引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
例：I believe (that) beauty comes from the heart.
我相信美是发自内心的。
四、虚拟语气中的省略
1. 虚拟条件状语从句中含有had、should、were时常省略if，而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
例：Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2. 在一坚持（insist），二命令（order、command），三建议（suggest、propose、advise），四要求（demand、require，request、ask）等后的宾语从句中，含这些词或它们的派生词的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important/…that...中常省略 should。
五、动词不定式的省略
1. 当不定式用在形容词afraid、pleased，glad，happy，ready、willing、delighted等词后面时，to后与上文重复的内容常省略。
例：You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question).
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强追他。
2. 某些使役动词，如：make、let、have和感官动词，如：see，watch, notice、observe、hear等后面作宾补的不定式常省略to，但若用于被动语态，则to不省略。
例：We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.
我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。
3. 两个并列使用的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间有对比关系，则不能省略to。
例：Her job is to look after the children and (to) teach them English.
她的工作是照顾这些孩子并教他们英语。
4. 当不定式在某些动词后作宾语或宾补时，常可省略to后面的与上文重复的部分。常见的这类动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，intend，prefer，pretend，refuse，want，wish，like等。
例：I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to（see the film）.
我叫他去看电影，但他不想去
5. 连词but、except连接两个不定式，前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
例：I have nothing to do but wait.
除了等我无能为力。
6. 当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。
例：All you need to do is (to) press the button.
你需要做的就是按那个按钮。
六、介词的省略
1. 在一些固定搭配中介词常被省略，如 spend time (in) doing sth；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth ；prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
例：She spends half an hour (in) reading every day.
她每天花半个小时读书。
2. 在口语中，星期几之前的on可以省略。
例：We will visit you (on) Tuesday.
我们星期二去看你。
3. 在肯定句中，“for+一段时间或距离”中的for有时被省略。
例：It has rained (for) a whole day.
雨已经下了一整天了。
练习：
1. Video games can be a poor influence if ___________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
2. When ___________ (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects. 3. She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while ___________ (listen) patiently.
4. Many forms of cancer can be cured if ___________ (detect) early.
5. While ___________ (climb) the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
6. If ___________ (catch) sleeping in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.
7. When ___________ (see) from the top of the hill, the whole city looks more beautiful.
8. Nowadays when ___________ (face) with health or nutrition questions, people probably turn to the Internet for help.
9. I have learned a lot about Chinese life when ___________ (teach) in China.
10. When ___________ (walk) in the park, Lily came across an old friend.
答案：
1. left
2. taken
3. listening
4. detected
5. climbing
6. caught
7. seen
8. faced
9. teaching
10. walking
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1.Fishing farms used to be nothing strange in the upper reaches of Xin'an River. With little farmland there, the river, ①_____ runs through Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, was what the natives depended ②_____ for a living. A decade ago, the waters were crowded with net cages for fish farming. While ③_____ (offer)villagers a stable income, these fishing farms were heavily polluting the water body.
Things have changed now. People can directly source water from the river for drinking, thanks to a cross-region system ④_____(introduce)in 2012.Under the system, the water that flows from Anhui to Zhejiang is assessed periodically. If the quality⑤_____(reach)agreed standards, Zhejiang will compensate(赔偿) Anhui for expenses to protect the environment. Otherwise, Zhejiang is compensated to cover the additional costs to treat polluted water.
According to Anhui authorities, nearly 6 400 net cages were removed and in the past 10 years the province ⑥_____(receive) a total of 5.7 billion yuan of ⑦_____(ecology) compensation.
In 2016 the city also introduced reward points ⑧_____(encourage)public participation in environmental protection. A person can win point by collecting five spent batteries ⑨_____ 30 cigarette packages. Two points can exchanged for necessities at 345 special supermarkets. Local authorities say that each of the supermarkets can ⑩_____(annual)recycle 190 kilograms of plastic bottles and 415 kilograms of cigarette packages.
2. Those days students were preparing for a singing contest actively. Paul, a music teacher, made ①_____(comment) on the students' performance at the end of a rehearsal(彩排). ②______ moment he dismissed the students, a girl named Fiona made a path straight toward him, looked him right in the eye and said angrily that she hated him. Paul ③_____(take) aback and frightened by the passion and honesty in her voice. ④_____ entirely shocked, he was somehow able to collect himself and stay calm, saying, "Well, that's a shame, but it's my duty to remind you and ⑤_____(inspiration) you." She didn't react, but rather stormed away, her anger ⑥_____(change).
Several days later, they had an occasion to speak in private. Fiona went on to admit quite openly and honestly that ⑦_____ was herself, not him, who she hated. Because she began to feel a strong sense of fear and pressure when ⑧_____(stand) on the stage. She believed that no matter how well she prepared, she would perform terribly. Paul realized that she had serious stage fright and also ⑨_____ maybe he had done something improper several days ago. Then he talked to her patiently and ⑩_____(sincere), hoping to help her build the confidence.
3. When I was 6 years old, my mom bought me a goldfish whose name was King. Some weeks after King arrived we decided to give him some friends，①______ I ended up with an aquarium(鱼缸)with 15 fish.
Every month, some fish would die and my mom used to replace them with new ones by ②______ (she).After 3 years I lost interest on the aquarium, and my mom stopped ③______ (buy)new fish. The only fish remaining was King.
One day five years ago, when I was 18，I ④______ (tell)a friend how long King stayed with us, when my mom interrupted me and told me the truth，"Son, your ⑤______(fish)life span(寿命) wasn't so long. I replaced him every time he died and you never noticed it. "
My mother is ⑥______ (create)when it comes to lying. "If you don't dry yourself ⑦______ (proper)after showering, your body hair is going to grow out making you look like a furry bear." As ⑧______ adult, she often dropped such threatening words on a 4-year-old kid. Yes, it was me. And the image of looking like a bear scared me.
When I was little my Dad told me that pressing the button on the handbrake(手刹)would make the car fly and ⑨______ he only used it under threat as it was very dangerous. Back then I half knew he was joking. But now, when ⑩______(stick)in awful traffic, I gently look at the button and my son, and I do the same thing.
答案：
1.答案：①which②on③offering④introduced⑤reaches⑥has received⑦ecological⑧to encourage⑨or⑩annually
解析：①考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是"the river"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
②考查介词。固定搭配depend on意为"依靠，依赖"。故填on。
③考查省略。分析句子结构可知，While引导时间状语从句，主、从句主语一致，均为"these fishing farms"，且从句的谓语部分含有be动词，因此省略了状语从句中的主语和be动词were，从句补充完整为：While these fishing farms were offering villagers a stable income。故填offering。
④考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词。introduce与被修饰短语"a cross-region system"之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填introduced。
⑤考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句，时态应遵循"主将从现"原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；且主语"the quality"是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填reaches。
⑥考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"in the past 10 years"可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语"the province"为第三人称单数，助动词应用单三形式。故填has received。
⑦考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词"compensation"。故填ecological。
⑧考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to encourage。
⑨考查连词。此处表示人们可以通过收集5个废旧电池或30个香烟盒来获得1个积分。故填or。
⑩考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词"recycle"。故填annually。
2.答案：①comments②The③was taken④Though⑤inspire⑥unchanged⑦it⑧standing⑨because⑩sincerely
解析：①考查可数名词的复数。句意:音乐老师保罗在排练结束时对学生的表现发表了评论。结合句意可知,此处用名词的复数形式表示泛指,故填comments。
②考查冠词。句意:他开除学生的那一刻,一个名叫Fiona的女孩径直向他走来,直视着他的眼睛,愤怒地说她恨他。the moment表示"一……就"符合句意,且首字母大写,故填The。
③考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:保罗被她声音中的热情和诚实吓了一跳。结合句意可知,此处在讲述过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,主语为Paul,谓语动词用三单形式,且与take之间是被动关系,故填was taken。
④考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然完全震惊,但他还是能够镇定下来,保持冷静,说: "好吧,这很遗憾,但我有责任提醒你,激励你。"结合句意可知,此处表示"虽然",且首字母大写,故填Though。
⑤考查动词不定式。句意:虽然完全震惊,但他还是能够镇定下来,保持冷静,说: "好吧,这很遗憾,但我有责任提醒你,激励你。"此处it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,空前又to,故用动词原形,故填inspire。
⑥考查形容词。句意:她没有反应,而是怒气冲冲地走开了,她的愤怒没有改变。结合句意可知,此处用形容词作was的表语,表示"没有改变",故填unchanged。
⑦考查强调句。句意:Fiona继续坦诚地承认,她讨厌的是她自己,而不是他。此处为强调句,基本结构为it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分,故填it。
⑧考查省略句。句意:因为当她站在舞台上时,她开始感到强烈的恐惧和压力。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,省略了主语she与be动词,she与stand之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式,故填standing。
⑨考查原因状语从句。句意:保罗意识到她有严重的怯场,也可能是因为几天前他做了一些不正当的事情。结合句意可知,此处表示"因为",引导原因状语从句,故填because。
⑩考查副词。句意:然后,他耐心而真诚地与她交谈,希望帮助她建立信心。此处用副词作状语修饰talked,故填sincerely。
3.答案：①so/and②herself③buying④was telling⑤fish's⑥creative⑦properly⑧an⑨that⑩stuck
解析：①考查连词。此处表示在King到来的几个星期后，"我们"决定给它一些朋友，(所以)最终"我"拥有了一个鱼缸，里面有15条鱼。前后两句既可看作是因果关系，也可看作是顺承关系，因此，此处应用so或and。故填so/and。
②考查代词。固定搭配by oneself 意为"自行，独自地，单独"。故填 herself。
③考查非谓语动词。此处表示"我"的妈妈不再买新鱼。固定搭配 stop doing sth.意为"停止做某事"。故填buying。
④考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的"when my mom interrupted me"可知，此处表示当"我"正在告诉一个朋友King和"我们"在一起待了多久时，妈妈打断了"我"。此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作；且主语是"I"，be动词应用was。故填 was telling。
⑤考查名词所有格。此处表示鱼的寿命，鱼和寿命之间是所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填fish's。
⑥考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故填creative。
⑦考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词dry。故填 properly。
⑧考查冠词。此处表示"作为一个成年人"，应用不定冠词；且adult 是读音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用an。故填an。
⑨考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作动词"told"的宾语，从句中不缺成分且句意完整，应用that 引导该从句。当and连接两个that引导的并列的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，第二个that 不可以省略。故填that。
⑩考查省略。固定搭配be stuck in"被困在……"。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当主、从句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。从句补充完整为When I am stuck in awful traffic,此处省略了主语I和be动词am。故填stuck。
2
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master ellipsis
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
省略句
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
例：(I) Thank you for your help.
谢谢你的帮助。
(It) Doesn't matter.
没关系。
2. 省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分
例：(You come) This way please.
请这边走。
(Will you) Have a smoke
抽烟吗？
3. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
例：(Is) Anybody here
有人在这里吗？
Are you thirty
你30岁了吗？
Yes，I am (thirty).
是的，我是。
4. 省略宾语
例：Do you know Mr.Li
—你认识李先生吗？
I don't know (him).
—我不认识。
二、并列复合句中的省略
在由and或but等并列连词连接的并列复合句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，通常省略后面分句的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
例：Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
2. 若主语与谓语动词相同，通常省路后面分句的主谓成分。
例：His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
3. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，通常省略后面分句的主要动词及后续部分。
例：He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。
三、主从复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句的省略
（1）在 when，while，if，as if，though，although，until，once，whether...or…，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
例：Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
（2）在than和as引导的比较状语从句中常省略than和a后面的某些成分。
例：They didn't use more water than (it was) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2. 定语从句的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 whom，which，that可省略（但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略）。
例：The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。
（2）way后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语时that/in which可以省略。
例：The way (in which/that) he speaks to us is really annoying.
他和我们讲话的方式真是讨厌。
3. 宾语从句的省略
（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接了两个或两个以上的tha引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
例：I believe (that) beauty comes from the heart.
我相信美是发自内心的。
四、虚拟语气中的省略
1. 虚拟条件状语从句中含有had、should、were时常省略if，而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
例：Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2. 在一坚持（insist），二命令（order、command），三建议（suggest、propose、advise），四要求（demand、require，request、ask）等后的宾语从句中，含这些词或它们的派生词的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important/…that...中常省略 should。
五、动词不定式的省略
1. 当不定式用在形容词afraid、pleased，glad，happy，ready、willing、delighted等词后面时，to后与上文重复的内容常省略。
例：You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question).
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强追他。
2. 某些使役动词，如：make、let、have和感官动词，如：see，watch, notice、observe、hear等后面作宾补的不定式常省略to，但若用于被动语态，则to不省略。
例：We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.
我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。
3. 两个并列使用的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间有对比关系，则不能省略to。
例：Her job is to look after the children and (to) teach them English.
她的工作是照顾这些孩子并教他们英语。
4. 当不定式在某些动词后作宾语或宾补时，常可省略to后面的与上文重复的部分。常见的这类动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，intend，prefer，pretend，refuse，want，wish，like等。
例：I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to（see the film）.
我叫他去看电影，但他不想去
5. 连词but、except连接两个不定式，前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
例：I have nothing to do but wait.
除了等我无能为力。
6. 当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。
例：All you need to do is (to) press the button.
你需要做的就是按那个按钮。
六、介词的省略
1. 在一些固定搭配中介词常被省略，如 spend time (in) doing sth；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth ；prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
例：She spends half an hour (in) reading every day.
她每天花半个小时读书。
2. 在口语中，星期几之前的on可以省略。
例：We will visit you (on) Tuesday.
我们星期二去看你。
3. 在肯定句中，“for+一段时间或距离”中的for有时被省略。
例：It has rained (for) a whole day.
雨已经下了一整天了。
练习：
1. Video games can be a poor influence if ___________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
2. When ___________ (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects. 3. She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while ___________ (listen) patiently.
4. Many forms of cancer can be cured if ___________ (detect) early.
5. While ___________ (climb) the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
6. If ___________ (catch) sleeping in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.
7. When ___________ (see) from the top of the hill, the whole city looks more beautiful.
8. Nowadays when ___________ (face) with health or nutrition questions, people probably turn to the Internet for help.
9. I have learned a lot about Chinese life when ___________ (teach) in China.
10. When ___________ (walk) in the park, Lily came across an old friend.
答案：
1. left
2. taken
3. listening
4. detected
5. climbing
6. caught
7. seen
8. faced
9. teaching
10. walking
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1.Fishing farms used to be nothing strange in the upper reaches of Xin'an River. With little farmland there, the river, ①_____ runs through Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, was what the natives depended ②_____ for a living. A decade ago, the waters were crowded with net cages for fish farming. While ③_____ (offer)villagers a stable income, these fishing farms were heavily polluting the water body.
Things have changed now. People can directly source water from the river for drinking, thanks to a cross-region system ④_____(introduce)in 2012.Under the system, the water that flows from Anhui to Zhejiang is assessed periodically. If the quality⑤_____(reach)agreed standards, Zhejiang will compensate(赔偿) Anhui for expenses to protect the environment. Otherwise, Zhejiang is compensated to cover the additional costs to treat polluted water.
According to Anhui authorities, nearly 6 400 net cages were removed and in the past 10 years the province ⑥_____(receive) a total of 5.7 billion yuan of ⑦_____(ecology) compensation.
In 2016 the city also introduced reward points ⑧_____(encourage)public participation in environmental protection. A person can win point by collecting five spent batteries ⑨_____ 30 cigarette packages. Two points can exchanged for necessities at 345 special supermarkets. Local authorities say that each of the supermarkets can ⑩_____(annual)recycle 190 kilograms of plastic bottles and 415 kilograms of cigarette packages.
2. Those days students were preparing for a singing contest actively. Paul, a music teacher, made ①_____(comment) on the students' performance at the end of a rehearsal(彩排). ②______ moment he dismissed the students, a girl named Fiona made a path straight toward him, looked him right in the eye and said angrily that she hated him. Paul ③_____(take) aback and frightened by the passion and honesty in her voice. ④_____ entirely shocked, he was somehow able to collect himself and stay calm, saying, "Well, that's a shame, but it's my duty to remind you and ⑤_____(inspiration) you." She didn't react, but rather stormed away, her anger ⑥_____(change).
Several days later, they had an occasion to speak in private. Fiona went on to admit quite openly and honestly that ⑦_____ was herself, not him, who she hated. Because she began to feel a strong sense of fear and pressure when ⑧_____(stand) on the stage. She believed that no matter how well she prepared, she would perform terribly. Paul realized that she had serious stage fright and also ⑨_____ maybe he had done something improper several days ago. Then he talked to her patiently and ⑩_____(sincere), hoping to help her build the confidence.
3. When I was 6 years old, my mom bought me a goldfish whose name was King. Some weeks after King arrived we decided to give him some friends，①______ I ended up with an aquarium(鱼缸)with 15 fish.
Every month, some fish would die and my mom used to replace them with new ones by ②______ (she).After 3 years I lost interest on the aquarium, and my mom stopped ③______ (buy)new fish. The only fish remaining was King.
One day five years ago, when I was 18，I ④______ (tell)a friend how long King stayed with us, when my mom interrupted me and told me the truth，"Son, your ⑤______(fish)life span(寿命) wasn't so long. I replaced him every time he died and you never noticed it. "
My mother is ⑥______ (create)when it comes to lying. "If you don't dry yourself ⑦______ (proper)after showering, your body hair is going to grow out making you look like a furry bear." As ⑧______ adult, she often dropped such threatening words on a 4-year-old kid. Yes, it was me. And the image of looking like a bear scared me.
When I was little my Dad told me that pressing the button on the handbrake(手刹)would make the car fly and ⑨______ he only used it under threat as it was very dangerous. Back then I half knew he was joking. But now, when ⑩______(stick)in awful traffic, I gently look at the button and my son, and I do the same thing.
答案：
1.答案：①which②on③offering④introduced⑤reaches⑥has received⑦ecological⑧to encourage⑨or⑩annually
解析：①考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是"the river"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
②考查介词。固定搭配depend on意为"依靠，依赖"。故填on。
③考查省略。分析句子结构可知，While引导时间状语从句，主、从句主语一致，均为"these fishing farms"，且从句的谓语部分含有be动词，因此省略了状语从句中的主语和be动词were，从句补充完整为：While these fishing farms were offering villagers a stable income。故填offering。
④考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词。introduce与被修饰短语"a cross-region system"之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填introduced。
⑤考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句，时态应遵循"主将从现"原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；且主语"the quality"是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填reaches。
⑥考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"in the past 10 years"可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语"the province"为第三人称单数，助动词应用单三形式。故填has received。
⑦考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词"compensation"。故填ecological。
⑧考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to encourage。
⑨考查连词。此处表示人们可以通过收集5个废旧电池或30个香烟盒来获得1个积分。故填or。
⑩考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词"recycle"。故填annually。
2.答案：①comments②The③was taken④Though⑤inspire⑥unchanged⑦it⑧standing⑨because⑩sincerely
解析：①考查可数名词的复数。句意:音乐老师保罗在排练结束时对学生的表现发表了评论。结合句意可知,此处用名词的复数形式表示泛指,故填comments。
②考查冠词。句意:他开除学生的那一刻,一个名叫Fiona的女孩径直向他走来,直视着他的眼睛,愤怒地说她恨他。the moment表示"一……就"符合句意,且首字母大写,故填The。
③考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:保罗被她声音中的热情和诚实吓了一跳。结合句意可知,此处在讲述过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,主语为Paul,谓语动词用三单形式,且与take之间是被动关系,故填was taken。
④考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然完全震惊,但他还是能够镇定下来,保持冷静,说: "好吧,这很遗憾,但我有责任提醒你,激励你。"结合句意可知,此处表示"虽然",且首字母大写,故填Though。
⑤考查动词不定式。句意:虽然完全震惊,但他还是能够镇定下来,保持冷静,说: "好吧,这很遗憾,但我有责任提醒你,激励你。"此处it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,空前又to,故用动词原形,故填inspire。
⑥考查形容词。句意:她没有反应,而是怒气冲冲地走开了,她的愤怒没有改变。结合句意可知,此处用形容词作was的表语,表示"没有改变",故填unchanged。
⑦考查强调句。句意:Fiona继续坦诚地承认,她讨厌的是她自己,而不是他。此处为强调句,基本结构为it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分,故填it。
⑧考查省略句。句意:因为当她站在舞台上时,她开始感到强烈的恐惧和压力。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,省略了主语she与be动词,she与stand之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式,故填standing。
⑨考查原因状语从句。句意:保罗意识到她有严重的怯场,也可能是因为几天前他做了一些不正当的事情。结合句意可知,此处表示"因为",引导原因状语从句,故填because。
⑩考查副词。句意:然后,他耐心而真诚地与她交谈,希望帮助她建立信心。此处用副词作状语修饰talked,故填sincerely。
3.答案：①so/and②herself③buying④was telling⑤fish's⑥creative⑦properly⑧an⑨that⑩stuck
解析：①考查连词。此处表示在King到来的几个星期后，"我们"决定给它一些朋友，(所以)最终"我"拥有了一个鱼缸，里面有15条鱼。前后两句既可看作是因果关系，也可看作是顺承关系，因此，此处应用so或and。故填so/and。
②考查代词。固定搭配by oneself 意为"自行，独自地，单独"。故填 herself。
③考查非谓语动词。此处表示"我"的妈妈不再买新鱼。固定搭配 stop doing sth.意为"停止做某事"。故填buying。
④考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的"when my mom interrupted me"可知，此处表示当"我"正在告诉一个朋友King和"我们"在一起待了多久时，妈妈打断了"我"。此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作；且主语是"I"，be动词应用was。故填 was telling。
⑤考查名词所有格。此处表示鱼的寿命，鱼和寿命之间是所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填fish's。
⑥考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故填creative。
⑦考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词dry。故填 properly。
⑧考查冠词。此处表示"作为一个成年人"，应用不定冠词；且adult 是读音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用an。故填an。
⑨考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作动词"told"的宾语，从句中不缺成分且句意完整，应用that 引导该从句。当and连接两个that引导的并列的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，第二个that 不可以省略。故填that。
⑩考查省略。固定搭配be stuck in"被困在……"。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当主、从句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。从句补充完整为When I am stuck in awful traffic,此处省略了主语I和be动词am。故填stuck。
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