人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元 复习学案（含答案）

Unit 4 Space Exploration、
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master infinitive
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语通常表目的、结果、原因等。
1. 表目的
例：They ran over to welcome the delegates.
他们跑过去欢迎代表们。
He stood up to be seen better.
他站起来以让别人看得更清楚。
2. 表结果
例：What have I said to make you so angry
我说了什么让你这么生气？
He came round to find himself in hospital.
他苏醒过来发现自己住院了。
3. 表原因
不定式表示原因时般放在句子的末尾，说明主语产生某种情感（glad pleased，sad，worried，sad excited）的原因。
例：I'm very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party.
听说李蕾被选为了党委书记，我很高兴。
4. 作评论性状语
有些不定式用于修饰整个句子，表明说话者的观点或态度，我们称之为评论性状语。
例：To be honest，I don't like her.
说实话，我不喜欢她。
二、动词不定式作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放在所修饰的词的后面。作后置定语。
例：Who was the first one to arrive
谁第一个到的？
The best way to learn English is to use it.
学英语最好的方法是使用它。
When is the best time to plant vegetables
什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？
（1）动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主动关系，也可能是被动关系。如果是被动关系，且句中含有不定式动作的执行者时，不定式要用主动表示被动。
例：He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
他是昨天最后一个离开学校的人。
We have much homework to do every day.
我们每天有很多家庭作业要做。
（2）动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词且与其所修饰的词之间为被动关系时，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，那么其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
例：I have no chair to sit on.
我没有椅子坐。
He has no house to live in.
他没有房子住。
练习：
1. ___________ (make) our school life more colorful, we will organize a variety of extra-curricular activities.
2. Jason is saving a sum of money ___________ (buy) a new house for his family.
3. Parents and children should communicate more ___________ (narrow) the generation gap between them.
4. ___________ (remember) all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.
5. In Zhejiang, 160 energy-intensive factories have been ordered to stop production ___________ (meet) energy consumption targets.
6. ___________ (create) the film, Greenpeace UK teamed up with Aardman Animations, as well as Oscar-winning actors and stars.
7. Scientists have warned that coral reefs are likely to become the world's first ecosystem ___________ (disappear) because of global warming.
8. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___________ (find) the well-known painter.
9. I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work ___________ (do).
10. The company recently hired model Linda ___________ (launch) its new range.
答案：
1. To make
2. to buy
3. to narrow
4. To remember
5. to meet
6. To create
7. to disappear
8. to find
9. to do
10. to launch
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1. Climate change is a familiar topic to us for decades. There is little doubt ①_____ Earth is getting warmer and warmer. A lot of evidence ②_____(indicate) a dramatic change in the global climate.
The increase in temperature has ③_____ impact on Earth's ecology. In 2013, a news photo of a dead polar bear which ④_____(find) on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard made a lot of people ⑤_____(shock). In addition, there is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, ⑥_____(cause) great loss of life and property. Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a ⑦_____(high) price to pay, if we do not take appropriate actions.
"Greenhouse effect" is a key factor in clime change. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result ⑧_____ further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. Governments should make ⑨_____(policy) and take appropriate actions and measures. Individuals can reduce our "carbon footprint" by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity ⑩_____(educate) everyone about global warming.
2. Sanfutie, or Sanfu medicinal patch, is a bandage with traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believe that ①_____(receive) Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is an effective way ②_____(prevent) and treat diseases occurring or being worse in winter, such as coughs, asthma and arthritis.
The treatment is based on the TCM principle of yin and yang, ③_____ believes the balance of both elements in the body ④_____(be) vital for good health. Sanfutie contains a paste of herbal ⑤_____(extract) that are “hot” in nature, and when ⑥_____(apply) to specific acupuncture points (穴位), usually on the lack and neck, they replenish (补充) the yang elements.
These patches ⑦_____(use) in TCM since the earliest recorded times of Chinese history, as it is found in the Huangdi Neijing (The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor), ⑧_____ must-learn textbook for TCM practitioners, compiled at least 2,000 years ago. Sanfutie treatment became ⑨_____(extreme) popular in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and has enjoyed a revival in recent years as more patients turn ⑩_____ TCM treatment.
3. The history of siheyuan (courtyard house) in Beijing can be traced back to more than 800 years ago ①_____ Beijing established its status as the capital city. As a kind of traditional Chinese relic, siheyuan represents the ②_____(capital) architectural style.
Siheyuan is a closed rectangular space with a courtyard in the center. It ③_____(surround) by four houses: the main room, the opposite room, an eastern-wing house and a western-wing house. The housing arrangement is ④_____(total) based on the rules of hierarchical system, which aims to keep the order of the family members’ status. The principal house facing the south is inhabited by the head of the family, and his or her ⑤_____(old) son lives in the eastern-wing house, which is believed to be superior ⑥_____ the western-wing house. Usually, the opposite house is given to servants and other members. Undoubtedly, siheyuan is a mirror of Chinese culture, ⑦_____(reflect) the sense of belonging in the mind of Chinese people. All the gates are printed red, ⑧_____ symbol of luck in China.
Indeed, ⑨_____(know) more about Chinese culture and traditions, visiting siheyuan ⑩_____(be) a smart choice for you. Staying in a siheyuan, learning how to make dumplings and enjoying a local Chinese life, you will get an unforgettable experience here.
答案：
1.答案：①that②indicates③an④was found⑤shocked⑥causing⑦higher⑧in⑨policies⑩to educate
解析：①考查同位语从句。句意:毫无疑问,地球正在变得越来越暖。空处引导同位语从句,对名词doubt进行解释说明,从句成分和意义都完整,应用that引导。故填that。
②考查动词时态。句意:许多证据表明全球气候发生了巨大的变化。空处为句子谓语动词,陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语evidence不可数,看作第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式。故填indicates。
③考查冠词。句意:气温的升高对地球的生态产生了影响。结合句意表达"对……有影响"应用have an impact on, impact的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
④考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:2013年,在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛发现了一只死亡北极熊的新闻照片,这让很多人感到震惊。空处为定语从句的谓语动词,主语which(指代先行词a bear)和find之间为被动关系,结合时间状语in 2013判断用一般过去时的被动语态,which是单数意义。故填was found。
⑤考查形容词。句意:2013年,在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛发现了一只死亡北极熊的新闻照片,这让很多人感到震惊。分析可知,空处应填形容词作宾补,修饰people,表示人的主观感受,应用v-ed形式的形容词。故填shocked。
⑥考查现在分词。句意:此外,有强有力和全面的证据表明,气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加,造成巨大的生命和财产损失。空处为状语,应用非谓语动词,表自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填causing。
⑦考查形容词比较级。句意:气候科学家警告说,这种变暖趋势可能会持续下去,如果我们不采取适当的行动,将会付出更高的代价。修饰名词price应用形容词,结合语境和上文"this warming trend will probably continue"可知,如果这种变暖驱使继续下去,人类将会付出更高的代价,故应用high的比较级higher。故填higher。
⑧考查介词。句意:持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。结合句意表达"导致"应用result in。故填in。
⑨考查名词的数。句意:政府应该制定政策,采取适当的行动和措施。policy"政策"是可数名词,结合下文actions和measures判断应用其复数形式。故填policies。
⑩考查动词不定式。句意:抓住每一个机会教育每个人关于全球变暖的知识是我们的责任。opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to educate。
2.答案：①receiving②to prevent③which④is⑤extracts⑥applied⑦have been used⑧a⑨extremely⑩to
解析：①考查动名词。句意:中医从业者认为,在最热的夏天服用三伏贴是预防和治疗中国咳嗽、哮喘和关节炎等冬季疾病的有效方法。此处为非谓语动词中的动名词receiving在句中作主语。故填receiving。
②考查动词不定式。句意:中医从业者认为,在最热的夏天服用三伏贴是预防和治疗中国咳嗽、哮喘和关节炎等冬季疾病的有效方法。way后通常用动词不定式作定语。故填to prevent。
③考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这种疗法基于中医的阴阳原理,认为体内两种元素的平衡对身体健康至关重要。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the TCM principle of yin and yang,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这种疗法基于中医的阴阳原理,认为体内两种元素的平衡对身体健康至关重要。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,主语是the balance,故谓语动词用单数,结合上下文时态可知,此处为一般现在时。故填is。
⑤考查可数名词的复数。句意:三伏贴含有一种草药成分的膏状成分,本质上是"热"的,当应用于特定的穴位时,通常是在背部、肩部和颈部,它们可以补充阳气。ingredient在that引导的定语从句中作主语成分,因从句谓语动词为are,所以此处为名词复数形式。故填ingredients。
⑥考查状语从句的省略。句意:三伏贴含有一种草药成分的膏状成分,本质上是"热"的,当应用于特定的穴位时,通常是在背部、肩部和颈部,它们可以补充阳气。此处为when引导时间状语从句的省略用法,完整的从句为when they are applied,此处省略了和主句相同的主语和are。故填applied。
⑦考查动词时态语态。句意:根据至少2000年前编撰的中医必读教材《黄帝内经》的记载,早在有记载的最早时期,中医就开始使用这些贴片了。根据空后的since...时间状语可知,该空动词要使用现在完成时,patches(复数名词)和use为被动关系,所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been used。
⑧考查冠词。句意:根据至少2000年前编撰的中医必读教材《黄帝内经》的记载,早在有记载的最早时期,中医就开始使用这些贴片了。根据句意以及空后的单数名词textbook可知,此处为泛指"必学的一本书",结合must为首音节辅音单词。故填a。
⑨考查副词。句意:三伏贴疗法在清朝(1644-1911年)极为流行,近年来随着越来越多的患者转向中医治疗,三伏贴疗法又重新流行起来。由副词修饰形容词可知,此处为副词extremely修饰形容词popular。故填extremely。
⑩考查动词短语。句意:三伏贴疗法在清朝(1644-1911年)极为流行,近年来随着越来越多的患者转向中医治疗,三伏贴疗法又重新流行起来。此处为动词短语turn to"转向",满足句意要求。故填to。
3.答案：①when②capital’s③is surrounded④totally⑤eldest⑥to⑦reflecting⑧a⑨to know⑩is
解析：①考查定语从句。句意:北京四合院的历史可以追溯到800多年前,当时北京确立了首都的地位。修饰先行词more than 800 years ago,作定语从句Beijing established its status as the capital city的时间状语,关系词用when。故填when。
②考查名词所有格。句意:作为一种中国传统文物,四合院代表了这个首都的建筑风格。修饰名词architectural style,表示所属关系,用capital的所有格形式。故填capital's。
③考查时态和语态。句意:它被四座房屋包围:主厅、对厅、东翼楼和西翼楼。前后时态一致,所以本句用一般现在时;由于谓语动词surround和主语it构成被动关系,所以谓语动词用is surrounded。故填is surrounded。
④考查副词。句意:住房安排完全基于等级制度的规则,旨在维持家庭成员地位的秩序。修饰动词based,用total的副词形式。故填totally。
⑤考查最高级。句意:朝南的主屋由户主居住,他或她的长子住在东翼屋,据信东翼屋优于西翼屋。根据句意可知这里指“最年长的儿子",所以用old的最高级eldest。故填eldest。
⑥考查固定短语。句意:朝南的主屋由户主居住,他或她的长子住在东翼屋,据信东翼屋优于西翼屋。表示"优先于",用固定短语be superior to。故填to。
⑦考查现在分词。句意:毫无疑问,四合院是中国文化的一面镜子,反映了中国人心中的归属感。作伴随状语,和主语siheyuan构成主动关系,用reflect的现在分词形式。故填reflecting。
⑧考查冠词。句意:所有的大门都印成红色,它是中国文化里幸运的象征。修饰名词symbol,表示"一个",用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑨考查动词不定式。句意:事实上,为了更多地了解中国文化和传统,参观四合院对你来说是一个明智的选择。作目的状语,用know的动词不定式形式。故填to know。
⑩考查主谓一致。句意:事实上,为了更多地了解中国文化和传统,参观四合院对你来说是一个明智的选择。前后时态一致,本句用一般现在时;因为主语是动名词visiting siheyuan,所以系动词用is。故填is。
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