牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册Unit 1 Back to school Welcome to the unit& Reading 同步课时作业（含答案）
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册Unit 1 Back to school Welcome to the unit& Reading 同步课时作业（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-25 10:54:44 | ||
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Unit 1 Welcome to the unit& Reading
一、
1.As a student, you should spare no effort to _____(获取) knowledge and never give up.
2.Faced with the heavy study burden, students should know how to keep the _____(平衡) between study and recreation.
3.The company is ready to meet the _____(挑战) of the next few years.
4.I'd like to take this _____(机会) to thank you for all your hard work.
5.She'll be racing for the _____(级别高的) team next year.
6. Don't expect a junior high school student to rise ____________ the occasion like that.
7. Jonathan, as a young man with a warm heart, wants to be a man who can make ____________ difference to society.
8.Your problem lies ___________ lacking efficient methods.
9. They decided to take advantage ___________ the fine weather to go to the country.
10. She determined that she would be equal ___________ any test the corporation put her to.
二、
When early humans killed a mammoth, how did they keep the meat before they could eat it all We don't know; maybe they didn't. But perhaps they preserved their mammoth steaks in salt. However, it is hard to know for sure. We do know for certain that by 3,000 years ago, the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting. They used salt to preserve food.
For thousands of years, salting had been a common way to preserve food. But for a long time, no one knew why salt worked. Then, in the 1800s, a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret: bacteria. What does salt have to do with bacteria First, bacteria need moisture to grow and multiply. Salt pulls moisture out of food, so the bacteria no longer have enough moisture. Besides, salt is poisonous to many bacteria. If you cover food with salt, bacteria outside the food will die before they get in, and bacteria already in the food will be poisoned by the salt.
So how do you preserve food with salt For meat or fish, you pour a layer of salt, then rub it in well. Hams are often made this way. Another way is to alternate layers of food and salt in a big container. The salt will draw the moisture out of the food, creating brine that the food sits in. You'll need to make sure the brine completely covers the food; any food left exposed to the air will spoil. If you preserve cabbage this way, you'll make sauerkraut.
How well salt preserves food depends on how much it is used. The more salt, the longer the food is preserved. Unfortunately, using enough salt to preserve food for a very long time can cause problems. It can make food tough. It can destroy the flavour. And, of course, it can make the food too salty to eat, which is harmful to our health.
Today, even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh, we haven't lost our taste for salt. We don't want to give up our bacon, salamis, and watermelon pickles!
1.Why are examples of the ancient people mentioned in the first paragraph
A.To make an introduction to the topic.
B.To explain our ancestors were very clever.
C.To tell us the ancient people had a lot of food to eat.
D.To show the ancient people were good at preserving food.
2.Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A.If you want to make a ham, you should keep it in brine.
B.If you want to make sauerkraut, you'd better pour a layer of salt and rub it.
C.To keep our food preserved longer, you should put as much salt on the food as possible.
D.People needn't give up salty food completely as long as they control the amount.
3.What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To explain how the ancient people preserve food.
B.To tell us how salt works in preserving food.
C.To persuade people to give up salty food.
D.To introduce the way of preserving food with salt.
三、
How to make friends at a new school
Starting with a new school can be difficult. Everything seems to be different, and you don't even know where to go for your own classes. Making new friends can be hard, too. ①_______________
Be yourself.
②_______________ If some people don't accept you, they're not the kind of friends you need. People often stay together because they have similar interests. For example, someone who does a lot of sport may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot.
③_______________
Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school. If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you. Also, remember to be as helpful as possible!
Believe in yourself.
A smile goes a long way. When you walk in the halls, don't keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact (目光接触) with other people. ④_______________ Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you're from.
Remember people's names.
You like it when people use your name, and so do other people. People may become angry if you just begin by saying "Hey" each time. Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname(绰号). ⑤_______________
A. Be friendly to others.
B. Join in after-school activities you like.
C. Never change who you are in order to fit in.
D. If you see someone you know, smile or say "Hi".
E. You'd be surprised how often this might be useful.
F. Don't sit at the back of the classroom where other people cannot notice you.
G. However, if you use these skills, you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：acquire
解析：句意:作为一个学生,你应该不遗余力地获取知识, 永不放弃。acquire knowledge获取知识。
2.答案：balance
解析：句意:面对繁重的学业负担,学生们应该知道如何保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡。keep the balance保持平衡。
3.答案：challenge(s)
解析：句意:这家公司准备好迎接接下来几年的挑战。meet the challenge(s)迎接挑战。
4.答案：opportunity
解析：句意:我想借此机会感谢你的辛勤工作。take the opportunity to do sth.利用机会做某事。
5.答案：senior
解析：句意:明年她将参加高级组的比赛。the senior team高级组。
6.答案：to
解析：句意为:不要期待一个初中生能处理那样的情况。rise to意另“能够处理”。
7.答案：a
解析：句意为:年轻且热心的乔纳森想成为对社会有用的人。make a difference意为“起作用,有影响”。
8.答案：in
解析：句意:你的问题在于缺乏高效的方法。固定短语lie in意为“在于”,故填介词in。
9.答案：of
解析：句意:他们决定利用晴朗的天气到乡村去。固定短语take advantage of意为“利用",故填of。
10.答案：to
解析：句意:她决意要成功应对该公司对她的任何考验。固定短语be equal to意为“胜任;能成功应付”,故填介词to。
二、
答案：1-3 ADD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中We do know for certain that by 3,000 years ago, the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting.(我们可以肯定的是, 至3,000年前, 巴比伦人、 埃及人和中国人都是用盐方面的行家)和第二段第一句For thousands of years, salting had been a common way to preserve food.可知, 几千年来, 腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。接着文章开始介绍这种的方法的原理, 由此可推知, 第一段提到古人的例子是为了引入主题。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的How well salt preserves food depends on how much it is used. The more salt, the longer the food is preserved.可知, 盐保存食物的周期取决于用量的多少。盐越多, 食物保存的时间越长。根据最后一段可知, 如今, 尽管"我们"不再依靠盐来保持食物的新鲜, 但"我们"并没有失去对盐的喜爱。"我们"不会放弃培根、萨拉米香肠和西瓜泡菜! 由此可推知, 作者可能会认同"人们不必完全放弃咸的食物, 只要他们控制用量"这一观点。故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句For thousands of years, salting had been a common way to preserve food.可知, 几千年来, 腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。结合文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用、如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量问题可推知, 作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍用盐腌制食物的方法。故选D项。
三、
答案：GCADE
解析：①由下文列举出的结交朋友的方法可知,此处是引出下文的句子,且与上文意思相反,故选G。
②由该段的标题Be yourself和空后的内容可知,此处是说要保持自我,不要为了(与他人)建立良好关系而改变自己。C项内容符合语境。
③由空后的内容可知,本段主要谈的是要对他人友好。故选A。
④由空后的"Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you're from"可知,此处是说看见别人要打招呼。故选D。
⑤由该段标题Remember people's names和下文内容可知,记住别人的名字非常重要,用友好的方式询问他们是否有绰号,你会很吃惊这可能会经常派上用场。故选E。
2
一、
1.As a student, you should spare no effort to _____(获取) knowledge and never give up.
2.Faced with the heavy study burden, students should know how to keep the _____(平衡) between study and recreation.
3.The company is ready to meet the _____(挑战) of the next few years.
4.I'd like to take this _____(机会) to thank you for all your hard work.
5.She'll be racing for the _____(级别高的) team next year.
6. Don't expect a junior high school student to rise ____________ the occasion like that.
7. Jonathan, as a young man with a warm heart, wants to be a man who can make ____________ difference to society.
8.Your problem lies ___________ lacking efficient methods.
9. They decided to take advantage ___________ the fine weather to go to the country.
10. She determined that she would be equal ___________ any test the corporation put her to.
二、
When early humans killed a mammoth, how did they keep the meat before they could eat it all We don't know; maybe they didn't. But perhaps they preserved their mammoth steaks in salt. However, it is hard to know for sure. We do know for certain that by 3,000 years ago, the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting. They used salt to preserve food.
For thousands of years, salting had been a common way to preserve food. But for a long time, no one knew why salt worked. Then, in the 1800s, a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret: bacteria. What does salt have to do with bacteria First, bacteria need moisture to grow and multiply. Salt pulls moisture out of food, so the bacteria no longer have enough moisture. Besides, salt is poisonous to many bacteria. If you cover food with salt, bacteria outside the food will die before they get in, and bacteria already in the food will be poisoned by the salt.
So how do you preserve food with salt For meat or fish, you pour a layer of salt, then rub it in well. Hams are often made this way. Another way is to alternate layers of food and salt in a big container. The salt will draw the moisture out of the food, creating brine that the food sits in. You'll need to make sure the brine completely covers the food; any food left exposed to the air will spoil. If you preserve cabbage this way, you'll make sauerkraut.
How well salt preserves food depends on how much it is used. The more salt, the longer the food is preserved. Unfortunately, using enough salt to preserve food for a very long time can cause problems. It can make food tough. It can destroy the flavour. And, of course, it can make the food too salty to eat, which is harmful to our health.
Today, even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh, we haven't lost our taste for salt. We don't want to give up our bacon, salamis, and watermelon pickles!
1.Why are examples of the ancient people mentioned in the first paragraph
A.To make an introduction to the topic.
B.To explain our ancestors were very clever.
C.To tell us the ancient people had a lot of food to eat.
D.To show the ancient people were good at preserving food.
2.Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A.If you want to make a ham, you should keep it in brine.
B.If you want to make sauerkraut, you'd better pour a layer of salt and rub it.
C.To keep our food preserved longer, you should put as much salt on the food as possible.
D.People needn't give up salty food completely as long as they control the amount.
3.What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To explain how the ancient people preserve food.
B.To tell us how salt works in preserving food.
C.To persuade people to give up salty food.
D.To introduce the way of preserving food with salt.
三、
How to make friends at a new school
Starting with a new school can be difficult. Everything seems to be different, and you don't even know where to go for your own classes. Making new friends can be hard, too. ①_______________
Be yourself.
②_______________ If some people don't accept you, they're not the kind of friends you need. People often stay together because they have similar interests. For example, someone who does a lot of sport may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot.
③_______________
Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school. If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you. Also, remember to be as helpful as possible!
Believe in yourself.
A smile goes a long way. When you walk in the halls, don't keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact (目光接触) with other people. ④_______________ Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you're from.
Remember people's names.
You like it when people use your name, and so do other people. People may become angry if you just begin by saying "Hey" each time. Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname(绰号). ⑤_______________
A. Be friendly to others.
B. Join in after-school activities you like.
C. Never change who you are in order to fit in.
D. If you see someone you know, smile or say "Hi".
E. You'd be surprised how often this might be useful.
F. Don't sit at the back of the classroom where other people cannot notice you.
G. However, if you use these skills, you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：acquire
解析：句意:作为一个学生,你应该不遗余力地获取知识, 永不放弃。acquire knowledge获取知识。
2.答案：balance
解析：句意:面对繁重的学业负担,学生们应该知道如何保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡。keep the balance保持平衡。
3.答案：challenge(s)
解析：句意:这家公司准备好迎接接下来几年的挑战。meet the challenge(s)迎接挑战。
4.答案：opportunity
解析：句意:我想借此机会感谢你的辛勤工作。take the opportunity to do sth.利用机会做某事。
5.答案：senior
解析：句意:明年她将参加高级组的比赛。the senior team高级组。
6.答案：to
解析：句意为:不要期待一个初中生能处理那样的情况。rise to意另“能够处理”。
7.答案：a
解析：句意为:年轻且热心的乔纳森想成为对社会有用的人。make a difference意为“起作用,有影响”。
8.答案：in
解析：句意:你的问题在于缺乏高效的方法。固定短语lie in意为“在于”,故填介词in。
9.答案：of
解析：句意:他们决定利用晴朗的天气到乡村去。固定短语take advantage of意为“利用",故填of。
10.答案：to
解析：句意:她决意要成功应对该公司对她的任何考验。固定短语be equal to意为“胜任;能成功应付”,故填介词to。
二、
答案：1-3 ADD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中We do know for certain that by 3,000 years ago, the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting.(我们可以肯定的是, 至3,000年前, 巴比伦人、 埃及人和中国人都是用盐方面的行家)和第二段第一句For thousands of years, salting had been a common way to preserve food.可知, 几千年来, 腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。接着文章开始介绍这种的方法的原理, 由此可推知, 第一段提到古人的例子是为了引入主题。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的How well salt preserves food depends on how much it is used. The more salt, the longer the food is preserved.可知, 盐保存食物的周期取决于用量的多少。盐越多, 食物保存的时间越长。根据最后一段可知, 如今, 尽管"我们"不再依靠盐来保持食物的新鲜, 但"我们"并没有失去对盐的喜爱。"我们"不会放弃培根、萨拉米香肠和西瓜泡菜! 由此可推知, 作者可能会认同"人们不必完全放弃咸的食物, 只要他们控制用量"这一观点。故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句For thousands of years, salting had been a common way to preserve food.可知, 几千年来, 腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。结合文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用、如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量问题可推知, 作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍用盐腌制食物的方法。故选D项。
三、
答案：GCADE
解析：①由下文列举出的结交朋友的方法可知,此处是引出下文的句子,且与上文意思相反,故选G。
②由该段的标题Be yourself和空后的内容可知,此处是说要保持自我,不要为了(与他人)建立良好关系而改变自己。C项内容符合语境。
③由空后的内容可知,本段主要谈的是要对他人友好。故选A。
④由空后的"Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you're from"可知,此处是说看见别人要打招呼。故选D。
⑤由该段标题Remember people's names和下文内容可知,记住别人的名字非常重要,用友好的方式询问他们是否有绰号,你会很吃惊这可能会经常派上用场。故选E。
2