高中英语高考指导-完形填空学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高中英语高考指导-完形填空学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-25 16:07:53 | ||
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专攻解题方法与技巧
英语高考指导-完形填空
第一讲 宏观把握，题文通读，架构了然于胸
做完形填空题时最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动。如果脱离语篇大环境，凭主观臆断，就会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误。正确的做法是：先通读全文和选项，对文意和题目有个大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何读文，如何做题，怎样才能高效解题，本讲将给予悉心的宏观指导。
一、把握4大文体特征——读文求快
1．常考文体——记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主，记叙文是一种以写人记事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。它主要包括人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等。解题时要掌握以下答题技巧：
(1)通读全文抓中心。抓住了中心就有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
(2)明确文章的叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，学生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时学生可以采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、会做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
(3)理清写作顺序。根据写作需要，作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。了解事情发展的来龙去脉，更迅速、准确地理解文意。
(4)把握记叙的线索：人物线、事物线、感情线、事件线、时间线、地点线等。
(5)明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件的内容(what)、原因(why)等。抓住文章的主体，理解整篇文章。
(6)洞悉写作目的。作者是借助叙述这样一个载体来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
2．常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类文章通常采用叙议结合的写作方法，文章先进行叙述，然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，说明故事所蕴含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时，学生要重点关注议论的部分，从而总结出文章的主旨。
3．偶考文体——说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物的一种文体。它通过剖析概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想，其基本模式是：观点——说明——总结。
4．偶考文体——议论文
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、提出主张或发表见解的说理性文章。议论文三要素是论点(作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)。高考议论型短文分为两种：一种是夹叙夹议型短文，基本模式是：叙述事件——抒发感悟——得出结论；另一种是纯议论型短文，基本模式是：提出论点——列出论据——作出总结。
二、练就1项超人技能——题文齐读
什么是“题文齐读” 为什么要“题文齐读”
题文齐读，顾名思义就是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互影响，而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到同步聚焦(一边读文，一边扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能内化于心。 (1)一篇210～250词的短文存在15处空格，信息的残缺不全会造成较大的文意理解障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文，会越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判就能够填补大部分空格，随着越来越多的空格被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍也会越来越少。“题文齐读”可以大大缩减读文和答题时间。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our __41__ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.Once, we __42__ along Chalk Creek.I was __43__ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪)．I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was __44__， and his crying let the whole campground know it.So __45__ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.It __46__ — he didn't end up in the creek.My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we __47__， but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly __48__ our peaceful morning trip.The __49___picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to __50__ the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No __51__．We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there __52__， a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back.We were __53__．
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of __54__， wondering what camping fun and__55__ we will experience next.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家热爱户外活动的故事。
41．A．ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
解析：C 上文说过去10年作者一家有美好的野营经历，下文说especially from the early years when our children were little，由此判断此处应选memories，表示“记忆，回忆”。
42．A．camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
解析：A 根据下文中的He was __44__， and his crying let the whole campground know it.可知，作者一家选择在Chalk Creek旁边露营。
43．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
解析：D 根据空后的that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek可知，作者担心自己15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。
44．A．unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
解析：C 根据上下文语境可推知，孩子哭叫是因为他被绳子拴住腰部感到不舒服。
45．A．due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
解析：B 根据上下文语境可知，这里表示作者不再用绳子拴着他。
46．A．worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
解析：A 根据上文内容和下文中的he didn't end up in the creek可知，这里表示作者在露营的时候一直密切关注自己15个月大的孩子，这一招很有效，孩子没有掉进小溪里。
47．A．signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
解析：D 根据语境可知，此处指作者一家出发时天气还是晴朗的，但暴风雨快速来临了。
48．A．arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
解析：B 根据语境及常识可知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨打断了作者一家平静的旅途。
49．A．wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
解析：A 根据上下文语境可知，此处表示风越来越大。
50．A．find B．hide
C．start D．fix
解析：C 根据上下文语境可知，作者一家乘坐的船原本停在湖面，作者的丈夫在钓鱼，暴风雨来临之后丈夫赶紧启动船只的发动机。
51．A．luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
解析：A 结合上文的Nothing.和下文中的We were stuck in the middle of the lake可知，作者的丈夫再次启动发动机也失败了，此处应为No luck(运气不佳)。
52．A．patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
解析：D 上文说发动机发动不了，船被困在湖中。由此可推知，当时作者一家很无助地坐在那儿。
53．A．sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
解析：C 上文说作者一家被困在湖中，此时一个渔民把作者一家拖到岸边。由此可推知，最终他们安全了。
54．A．relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
解析：D 根据下文wondering what camping fun and __55__ we will experience next可知，作者每次外出野营前都充满了兴奋。
55．A．failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
解析：B 根据上文对两次野营经历的描述可知，此处应用名词adventure表示“奇遇，冒险”。
第二讲 活用方法，题眼精读，3类题型突破
通过第一步的通览文章，明白文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章和做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”便可在文章的通读环节预判解答一部分，但有些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，所以对于这些题目，学生应做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43.A．exposed B．examined
C.untouched D．imbalanced 解析 根据生活常识及本句中的They often cover only their eyes with their hands可推断，学龄前儿童在捉迷藏时只用手遮住他们自己的眼睛，而身体的其他部分都暴露在外。
自主解答 A
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
49.A．see B．help
C.reach D．fool 解析 We then asked the child if she could the adult.
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 A
方法(三) 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon？
48.A．breath B．balance
C.attention D．imagination 解析 根据上文中的It was a hot day.可知，作者和Steve一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处表示两人停下来喘口气。catch one's breath为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。
自主解答 A
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44.uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
45.A．due to B．instead of
C.apart from D．as for 解析 上文说作者给自己15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。本空前的连词So表示因果关系，由此可知，为了不让孩子哭，作者不再用绳子拴着他，而是紧盯着他。
自主解答 B
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47.headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip.
48.A．arranged B．interrupted
C.completed D．recorded 解析 根据本空前的storms move in fast in the mountains可推知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨很快打断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。
自主解答 B
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现 【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49.see or hear the adult.
47.A．parent B．child
C.researcher D．doctor 解析 根据本段中的We brought young children ...及空后一句中的the child可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示每个“儿童”和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空前一句中的children及空后一句中的child是原词复现。
自主解答 B
同义词复现 【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead．
16.A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened 解析 根据下文中的After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy可知，空处和“anger” “frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 B
反义词复现 【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50.A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper 解析 尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles in the factory were simple，但根据下文中的the cakes pile up和a little more high-pressure可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
自主解答 A
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A．ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership 解析 根据第二段中的For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.可知，作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只宠物狗生活在一起，两只狗的“陪伴”能让作者远离孤单。
自主解答 C
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
45．A．disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired 解析 根据本段第一句可知，这种无效的躲藏方式被理解为(interpreted)儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据本空前的But可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，此句意为：但是我们在儿童发展心理学方面的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点，由此推测，研究结果是“令人惊奇的”。
自主解答 C
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42.compromised．”
40．A．turn B．peace
C．vain D．silence 解析 根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said.可知，她发现他们很大程度上都保持沉默，因为他们认为谈论此事似乎是微不足道的。
自主解答 D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题
【典例】 (2021·1月浙江高考)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project
C．campaign D．course 完形填空的文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
解析 根据文章末尾的the project可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到文章开头可知，作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
自主解答 B
叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目。
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
…
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment，I began to fall for him.
…
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60．A．toys B．awards
C．food D．water 叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
解析 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
自主解答 D
解题策略 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
Test 1
Many years ago, the psychologist Walter Mischel conducted an experiment at a preschool on the Stanford University campus. He ___1___ a group of four-year-old kids around a table with some marshmallows (棉花糖) in the middle.
Mischel told them he had to leave the room for a few minutes. If they could wait until he___2___， he would give them two marshmallows. If they couldn't wait, then they could have one marshmallow ___3___. One marshmallow right now, or two later. That was the ___4___. He then left the room.
A few of the kids couldn't resist and ate a marshmallow the ___5___ he left. Some lasted for a few minutes before they ___6___. Others smelled their marshmallows. A few kids were ___7__ to resist the temptation and wait.
When Mischel got back, he gave those who ___8__ their well-earned two marshmallows.
The researcher then ___9__ the lives of each of these kids up through high school. 10 ， those who had resisted eating the marshmallow had done far ___11___ in school and in life than those who couldn't wait. They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.
The marshmallow test is one of the most famous psychological experiments ever ___12___. Walter Mischel has proven that children's ability to ___13___ satisfaction when they were young was related to ___14___ future outcomes. According to Walter Mischel, self-control can be mastered and applied to ___15___ in everyday life — from weight control to quitting smoking, and making major decisions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Walter Mischel是斯坦福大学的心理学教授，本文简要介绍了他许多年前进行的享誉世界的棉花糖实验。
1．A．gathered B．separated
C．attracted D．invited
解析：A Walter Mischel教授将一帮四岁的小孩召集到桌子周围。
2．A．returned B．succeeded
C．finished D．abandoned
解析：A 如果孩子们愿意等到Walter Mischel教授回来，他将给每个孩子两颗棉花糖。
3．A．gradually B．eventually
C．regularly D．immediately
解析：D 孩子们面临两种选择，后者是马上就能得到一颗棉花糖。
4．A．plan B．deal
C．concept D．principle
解析：B Walter Mischel教授跟孩子们达成了协议。这里的deal意为“协议”。
5．A．period B．moment
C．hour D．chance
解析：B 教授一离开，有个别孩子就吃掉了自己的棉花糖。
6．A．turned down B．took over
C．gave in D．showed up
解析：C 还有一些孩子坚持了几分钟后也屈服于棉花糖的诱惑。
7．A．determined B．ambitious
C．sensitive D．intelligent
解析：A 有几个小孩决心抵制诱惑，坚持到底。
8．A．made out B．set out
C．gave out D．held out
解析：D Walter Mischel教授回来后，给了这些一直坚持下来的孩子每人两颗棉花糖。
9．A．followed B．entered
C．protected D．involved
解析：A 实验结束后，研究人员继续跟踪调查这些参与实验的孩子们的生活。
10．A．Fortunately B．Surprisingly
C．Hopefully D．Similarly
解析：B 最后，研究人员得到了令人吃惊的结论：比起那些无法抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子，那些能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子在各方面的表现都要好得多。
11．A．more B．less
C．better D．worse
解析：C 根据下句They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.可知，能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子无论在学校还是在生活中都表现得更好。
12．A．discovered B．designed
C．conducted D．created
解析：C 可以与experiment搭配的动词有carry out、 conduct、 do、 perform等。
13．A．delay B．avoid
C．forget D．obtain
解析：A 根据上文实验的介绍可知，棉花糖实验的核心是检验孩子们延迟满足(delay satisfaction)的能力。
14．A．temporary B．positive
C．necessary D．steady
解析：B 棉花糖实验证实：一个人年轻时延迟满足的能力会给未来带来积极的影响。
15．A．opportunities B．achievements
C．conditions D．challenges
解析：D 下文列举的减肥、戒烟等都是我们生活中的一些挑战。
Test 2
The children were singing happily in the car. But I was feeling ___1___. Just now, the manager told me, despite my impressive___2___， he wanted to give me no more ___3___. He thought the career growth I looked for ___4___ a full-time employee while I only worked part time because I had to care for my children. The message hit me hard. However, it ___5___ a change that, in the end, taught me the power of hugging ___6___．
A friend suggested I reach out to senior ___7__ about chances in other departments. At first, I ___8__ that idea because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it! Then I ___9__ three other managers in my company. One invited me to develop apps with him. I told him I 10 knew anything about it. He said，“You are smart and willing to work hard. You will ___11___ it.”
The trust was exactly what I was looking for, but could I really succeed in a new ___12___？ Finally, I decided that taking a chance on the ___13___ was better than staying in a futureless position.
Then my career path opened up just because of a change that I felt ___14___ on me. It taught me that when you step out of your ___15___ zone, you'll find a most creative, productive self.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。从事兼职工作的作者在工作中不受经理器重，遭遇了事业的不顺。在这种情况下，她听从了朋友的建议去尝试改变，寻找新的工作机会从而最终获得成功。
1．A．curious B．anxious
C．confused D．awkward
解析：B 前句提到孩子们在车里开心地唱歌，后句提到了作者在工作中不能得到经理的重用，因此根据But表示的转折关系可知，作者因为受不到重用而心情沮丧、焦虑。
2．A．look B．comment
C．performance D．survival
解析：C 根据下文中的You are smart and willing to work hard.可知，作者在申请其他工作时另一个经理对她非常赞赏，再根据despite所表示的让步关系可以推断，作者在工作中表现出色，但是经理不想给作者分配更多的任务和职责。
3．A．stress B．time
C．explanations D．responsibilities
解析：D 参见上题解析。
4．A．needed B．hired
C．ruined D．chose
解析：A 根据while引导的表示转折含义的并列句可知，经理认为作者寻求的职业发展需要全职员工花费更多的精力和时间去完成。
5．A．made up B．referred to
C．led to D．found out
解析：C 根据语境可知，经理的话打击了作者，因此她才在朋友的建议下尝试去寻找其他的工作机会，从而带来了自己职业道路的改变。lead to意为“导致；造成；带来”。
6．A．chances B．growth
C．past D．details
解析：A 根据下文内容以及出现的chance可知，作者在经历过这件事后懂得了拥抱机会、把握机会的重要性。
7．A．judges B．teachers
C．managers D．experts
解析：C 根据上文提到的manager以及下文出现的three other managers可知，朋友建议作者去联系其他部门的经理，看看是否能够得到其他工作。
8．A．shared B．considered
C．had D．refused
解析：D 根据At first以及原因状语从句because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，最初作者拒绝了朋友的建议。
9．A．contacted B．tracked
C．invited D．challenged
解析：A 根据上下文语境可知，作者最后听从朋友的建议而联系了其他部门的经理。
10．A．simply B．hardly
C．nearly D．mostly
解析：B 根据下文的but could I really succeed in a new可知，作者不懂得研发app。hardly意为“几乎不”。
11．A．get B．help
C．catch D．make
解析：D 根据上文的You are smart and willing to work hard.以及下文中的trust可知，经理认为作者聪明、努力，因此在app研发方面会取得成绩。make it意为“成功做到”。
12．A．family B．field
C．company D．car
解析：B 根据上文出现的medicine以及app可知，作者从事的是不同的工作，因此这个工作对她来说是一个新的领域。field意为“田地；领域”。
13．A．impossible B．right
C．unknown D．good
解析：C 根据上文中的I told him I 10 knew anything about it.以及new可知，作者接受新的工作就意味着踏入了未知的领域。
14．A．forced B．flashed
C．depended D．focused
解析：A 根据故事内容可知，作者换工作是因为得不到经理的重用而且是在朋友的建议下才去找其他工作的，因此她换工作是被迫的。
15．A．time B．post
C．trade D．comfort
解析：D 根据上文中的I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，研究药品是作者熟悉的领域，而研发app是一个陌生的领域，因此她是踏出了舒适区，才找到了更富有创造力和富有成效的自我。
第三讲 防微杜渐，全篇思读，拉分题目智取
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应小心谨慎应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点(一) 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her 36 ， notably dryness and discomfort.
…
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43.program at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team 44.included Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45.ground-breaking work on eye care using stem cells.
36．A．throat B．skin
C．lungs D．eyes 解析 本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文的Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research可知，此处表示Burdeyney女士的眼睛开始出现问题了。
自主解答 D
易错点(二) 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
We 51.continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52.leg. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54.suggested his house. All worked 55.fine．
53．A．secretly B．constantly
C．eventually D．unwillingly 解析 四个选项在形式上非常相似，都是副词，部分学生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据语境可知，Tilly做了手术，而作者一天要带它出去四次，也就是说Tilly需要频繁地上下楼梯。结合常识可知，一般情况下做手术后的伤口在频繁的剧烈运动下才会裂开。由此可推断，作者担心Tilly这样“连续不断地”上下楼梯会让伤口裂开。
自主解答 B
易错点(三) 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45.surprising research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
44．A．supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted 解析 根据语境可知，长久以来，儿童躲藏时只遮住自己眼睛的做法成了“儿童是极其以自我为中心的人”这一结论的证据。由本段最后一个词idea的提示也可推断，这只是人们的一种观点和理解方式。本题的选择难度在于备选项的词义理解，interpreted意为“把……理解为”，对学生而言，这是一个相对生僻的词汇，一些学生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
自主解答 D
易错点(四) 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48 in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50.harder than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.
48．A．joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices 解析 根据下文中的Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears ... from the belt.可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。了解role的词义是解答本题的关键，role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责，作用，任务”。
自主解答 C
易错点(五) 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生产生一些思维定式。如果不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，会导致误解一些题目，并抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些学生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth来表达。因此在解题时一定要注意词汇在不同语境中的含义和用法，也要注意词性的转化。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的学生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中就不用for。因此解题时一定要注意分析文章结构，领会上下文逻辑关系，不要盲目选择，要着眼于整句的理解、整段的把握。
【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 19 his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work
19．A．ride B．lock
C．repair D．replace 解析 Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到下文的bike就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。
自主解答 D
Test 1
(2022·武汉市调研考试)I am a single father with two young daughters.It had been a(n) ___1___ year：Being out of work___2___ me of a reliable income and thus I was always low on money.I hated to ___3___ my girls.But as the New Year approached, with little choice, I was ___4___ to tell the girls, “It looks like our gift will be the gift of our ___5___ for each other.” Still, I couldn't stop feeling ___6___．
Then, unexpectedly, a(n) ___7__ occurred to me.I ___8__ $1，000 in a contest.To give them a ___9__， I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own.Back home I wrapped presents in the basement for my girls, all the time 10 ， “How amazed they will be！” The next morning, to ___11___ the gifts, I went to the living room and ___12___．There were already dozens of presents — all with my name on them.My girls had felt ___13___ that Dad wouldn't be getting any gifts, so they'd ___14___ wrapped their favorite stuffed animals and other toys so that I would have a happy new year.
As I stared at the gifts through ___15___ eyes, I promised myself that this was the best New Year that I had ever had.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个有两个女儿的单亲父亲，但是失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。新年来临之际，作者不得不告诉孩子们，今年的礼物只能是彼此的爱了。
1．A．ordinary B．happy
C．typical D．rough
解析：D 根据下文中的Being out of work ...was always low on money.可知，作者这一年过得很艰难。
2．A．reminded B．robbed
C．informed D．convinced
解析：B 根据句意可知，失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。
3．A．disappoint B．warn
C．push D．control
解析：A 结合常识和语境可知，作者不愿意让孩子们失望。
4．A．asked B．chosen
C．expected D．forced
解析：D 根据上文中的But as the New Year approached, with little choice可知，随着新年的临近，作者几乎没有别的选择，只得被迫告诉孩子们真相。
5．A．love B．request
C．respect D．pity
解析：A 根据上文中的Being out of work ...with little choice可知，作者没有钱买礼物，所以只能让一家人分享彼此的爱。
6．A．responsible B．panic
C．guilty D．pleased
解析：C 根据上文可知，尽管作者很爱孩子们，但是没钱给孩子们买礼物仍然让作者感到很内疚。
7．A．idea B．miracle
C．opportunity D．failure
解析：B 结合语境和常识可知，作者在竞赛中赢得了1，000美元，这真是一个奇迹。
8．A．lost B．collected
C．donated D．won
解析：D 参见上题解析。
9．A．gift B．favor
C．surprise D．lesson
解析：C 根据下文中的I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own和常识可知，作者将自己中奖的消息保密，自己去购物了，此处是指作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜。
10．A．wondering B．doubting
C．remembering D．thinking
解析：D 结合上文可知，作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜，因此在包礼物的时候一直在想“她们将会多么惊讶”。
11．A．lay out B．set up
C．hand over D．get together
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，第二天早上作者去客厅摆放礼物。
12．A．hesitated B．froze
C．waited D．rested
解析：B 根据语境和下文中的There were already dozens of presents — all with my name on them.可知，作者本来想给孩子们惊喜，却没想到孩子们给他准备了礼物，因此，作者惊呆了。
13．A．thirsty B．cool
C．bad D．natural
解析：C 根据下文中的wrapped their favorite stuffed ...a happy new year可知，孩子们为了让爸爸度过一个快乐的新年，便将她们最爱的玩具打包作为礼物送给爸爸。由此可推断，她们对于爸爸没有收到礼物感觉很糟糕。
14．A．tightly B．carefully
C．slightly D．nervously
解析：B 根据语境可知，作者一家相亲相爱，孩子们会认真地将自己的玩具打包好作礼物。
15．A．burning B．charming
C．watery D．picky
解析：C 根据语境和常识可知，面对如此懂事乖巧的女儿们，作者的眼眶湿润了。
Test 2
(2022·广州市综合测试二)I'd worked four months at a university when we had a going-away party for Sandy, who was moving to London.When I got to work the next day, I was ___1___ to see Sandy there.“Aren't you supposed to be in London？” I asked.She___2___ me and said，“I'm Helen.”
I then found out that I have a rare disease — face blindness.This ___3___ sent me to the doctor.I didn't think much about it.___4___， I was a successful adult — who would care if my ___5___ wasn't quite like everyone else's Then, I met Dr.Smith.“Your ability to learn new faces is among the worst，” he said.“As for cures, nothing so far has been very ___6___．” After a sad goodbye, I fled in tears.
I was ___7__ until Dad gave me some important advice.“Everyone just wants to talk about themselves，” he said.“Just ask questions.” This ___8__ transformed my life.When walking on campus, if someone looked my way, I ___9__ .If they smiled, I stopped to chat.Soon I became an expert at talking to 10 ．
This year, I celebrated my birthday with over 60 friends, many of whom I wasn't able to ___11___ ．I was fine with that. ___12___， I can take courses to treat my illness, but I'd rather spend that time on something I ___13___， like looking at birds.I get such a ___14___ identifying them.
___15___ my face blindness, I've learnt to see the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然发现自己患有一种罕见的疾病——脸盲症，这使作者很绝望。后来作者的父亲给作者提了一些建议，这些建议改变了作者的生活。
1．A．excited B．surprised
C．frightened D．pleased
解析：B 根据上文中的a going-away party for Sandy可知，作者为Sandy送行，第二天上班时又看到了Sandy，因此作者肯定很吃惊。
2．A．stared at B．thought of
C．got away from D．reached out for
解析：A 根据上文的Aren't you supposed to be in London？和下文的I'm Helen.可推知，对方应是盯着作者看。
3．A．disaster B．accident
C．discovery D．expectation
解析：C 根据上文的found out可知，此处是作者发现自己患有脸盲症，这一发现促使作者去看医生。
4．A．However B．Somehow
C．Anyway D．Moreover
解析：C 作者对这件事没想太多。因为不管怎样作者是一个成功的成年人，如果自己的大脑与其他人的不一样，谁又会在意呢？
5．A．illness B．growth
C．face D．brain
解析：D 参见上题解析。
6．A．promising B．popular
C．cheap D．comfortable
解析：A 根据下文的After a sad goodbye, I fled in tears.可推知，此处应是说医生认为作者的脸盲症没有治愈的希望，作者很绝望。
7．A．unconcerned B．impatient
C．desperate D．annoyed
解析：C 参见上题解析。
8．A．tip B．question
C．explanation D．warning
解析：A 根据上文的Dad gave me some important advice以及作者的父亲所说的话可推知，此处表示父亲给作者的指点改变了作者的生活。
9．A．hesitated B．smiled
C．panicked D．waited
解析：B 根据语境可知，此处是如果有人看向作者，作者会微笑。
10．A．students B．strangers
C．colleagues D．patients
解析：B 根据语境可知，此处表达的是作者逐渐变得擅长与陌生人交谈。
11．A．invite B．trust
C．greet D．recognise
解析：D 根据上文中提到的作者患有脸盲症可推知，来给作者庆祝生日的六十多位朋友中，有很多人作者都辨认不出来。
12．A．Eventually B．Fortunately
C．Actually D．Hopefully
解析：C 根据语境尤其是下文的but可知，此处表达的是“事实上，我能通过上课来治疗我的疾病，但我更想把时间花费在我喜爱的事情上，比如看鸟”。
13．A．remember B．ignore
C．miss D．enjoy
解析：D 参见上题解析。
14．A．chance B．thrill
C．shock D．trouble
解析：B 根据上文内容可知，作者更想把时间花费在自己喜爱的事情上，而看鸟就是作者喜爱的事情之一，所以作者辨认这些鸟时会有一种兴奋的感觉。
15．A．According to B．Regardless of
C．In fear of D．Thanks to
解析：D 根据上文内容尤其是I was ...looking at birds.可知，此处表达的是“由于脸盲症”，作者学会了以新的视角看世界。
英语高考指导-完形填空
第一讲 宏观把握，题文通读，架构了然于胸
做完形填空题时最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动。如果脱离语篇大环境，凭主观臆断，就会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误。正确的做法是：先通读全文和选项，对文意和题目有个大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何读文，如何做题，怎样才能高效解题，本讲将给予悉心的宏观指导。
一、把握4大文体特征——读文求快
1．常考文体——记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主，记叙文是一种以写人记事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。它主要包括人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等。解题时要掌握以下答题技巧：
(1)通读全文抓中心。抓住了中心就有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
(2)明确文章的叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，学生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时学生可以采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、会做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
(3)理清写作顺序。根据写作需要，作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。了解事情发展的来龙去脉，更迅速、准确地理解文意。
(4)把握记叙的线索：人物线、事物线、感情线、事件线、时间线、地点线等。
(5)明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件的内容(what)、原因(why)等。抓住文章的主体，理解整篇文章。
(6)洞悉写作目的。作者是借助叙述这样一个载体来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
2．常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类文章通常采用叙议结合的写作方法，文章先进行叙述，然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，说明故事所蕴含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时，学生要重点关注议论的部分，从而总结出文章的主旨。
3．偶考文体——说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物的一种文体。它通过剖析概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想，其基本模式是：观点——说明——总结。
4．偶考文体——议论文
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、提出主张或发表见解的说理性文章。议论文三要素是论点(作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)。高考议论型短文分为两种：一种是夹叙夹议型短文，基本模式是：叙述事件——抒发感悟——得出结论；另一种是纯议论型短文，基本模式是：提出论点——列出论据——作出总结。
二、练就1项超人技能——题文齐读
什么是“题文齐读” 为什么要“题文齐读”
题文齐读，顾名思义就是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互影响，而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到同步聚焦(一边读文，一边扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能内化于心。 (1)一篇210～250词的短文存在15处空格，信息的残缺不全会造成较大的文意理解障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文，会越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判就能够填补大部分空格，随着越来越多的空格被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍也会越来越少。“题文齐读”可以大大缩减读文和答题时间。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our __41__ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.Once, we __42__ along Chalk Creek.I was __43__ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪)．I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was __44__， and his crying let the whole campground know it.So __45__ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.It __46__ — he didn't end up in the creek.My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we __47__， but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly __48__ our peaceful morning trip.The __49___picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to __50__ the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No __51__．We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there __52__， a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back.We were __53__．
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of __54__， wondering what camping fun and__55__ we will experience next.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家热爱户外活动的故事。
41．A．ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
解析：C 上文说过去10年作者一家有美好的野营经历，下文说especially from the early years when our children were little，由此判断此处应选memories，表示“记忆，回忆”。
42．A．camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
解析：A 根据下文中的He was __44__， and his crying let the whole campground know it.可知，作者一家选择在Chalk Creek旁边露营。
43．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
解析：D 根据空后的that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek可知，作者担心自己15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。
44．A．unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
解析：C 根据上下文语境可推知，孩子哭叫是因为他被绳子拴住腰部感到不舒服。
45．A．due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
解析：B 根据上下文语境可知，这里表示作者不再用绳子拴着他。
46．A．worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
解析：A 根据上文内容和下文中的he didn't end up in the creek可知，这里表示作者在露营的时候一直密切关注自己15个月大的孩子，这一招很有效，孩子没有掉进小溪里。
47．A．signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
解析：D 根据语境可知，此处指作者一家出发时天气还是晴朗的，但暴风雨快速来临了。
48．A．arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
解析：B 根据语境及常识可知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨打断了作者一家平静的旅途。
49．A．wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
解析：A 根据上下文语境可知，此处表示风越来越大。
50．A．find B．hide
C．start D．fix
解析：C 根据上下文语境可知，作者一家乘坐的船原本停在湖面，作者的丈夫在钓鱼，暴风雨来临之后丈夫赶紧启动船只的发动机。
51．A．luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
解析：A 结合上文的Nothing.和下文中的We were stuck in the middle of the lake可知，作者的丈夫再次启动发动机也失败了，此处应为No luck(运气不佳)。
52．A．patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
解析：D 上文说发动机发动不了，船被困在湖中。由此可推知，当时作者一家很无助地坐在那儿。
53．A．sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
解析：C 上文说作者一家被困在湖中，此时一个渔民把作者一家拖到岸边。由此可推知，最终他们安全了。
54．A．relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
解析：D 根据下文wondering what camping fun and __55__ we will experience next可知，作者每次外出野营前都充满了兴奋。
55．A．failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
解析：B 根据上文对两次野营经历的描述可知，此处应用名词adventure表示“奇遇，冒险”。
第二讲 活用方法，题眼精读，3类题型突破
通过第一步的通览文章，明白文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章和做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”便可在文章的通读环节预判解答一部分，但有些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，所以对于这些题目，学生应做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43.A．exposed B．examined
C.untouched D．imbalanced 解析 根据生活常识及本句中的They often cover only their eyes with their hands可推断，学龄前儿童在捉迷藏时只用手遮住他们自己的眼睛，而身体的其他部分都暴露在外。
自主解答 A
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
49.A．see B．help
C.reach D．fool 解析 We then asked the child if she could the adult.
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 A
方法(三) 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon？
48.A．breath B．balance
C.attention D．imagination 解析 根据上文中的It was a hot day.可知，作者和Steve一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处表示两人停下来喘口气。catch one's breath为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。
自主解答 A
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44.uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
45.A．due to B．instead of
C.apart from D．as for 解析 上文说作者给自己15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。本空前的连词So表示因果关系，由此可知，为了不让孩子哭，作者不再用绳子拴着他，而是紧盯着他。
自主解答 B
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47.headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip.
48.A．arranged B．interrupted
C.completed D．recorded 解析 根据本空前的storms move in fast in the mountains可推知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨很快打断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。
自主解答 B
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现 【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49.see or hear the adult.
47.A．parent B．child
C.researcher D．doctor 解析 根据本段中的We brought young children ...及空后一句中的the child可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示每个“儿童”和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空前一句中的children及空后一句中的child是原词复现。
自主解答 B
同义词复现 【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead．
16.A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened 解析 根据下文中的After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy可知，空处和“anger” “frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 B
反义词复现 【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50.A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper 解析 尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles in the factory were simple，但根据下文中的the cakes pile up和a little more high-pressure可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
自主解答 A
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A．ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership 解析 根据第二段中的For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.可知，作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只宠物狗生活在一起，两只狗的“陪伴”能让作者远离孤单。
自主解答 C
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
45．A．disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired 解析 根据本段第一句可知，这种无效的躲藏方式被理解为(interpreted)儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据本空前的But可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，此句意为：但是我们在儿童发展心理学方面的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点，由此推测，研究结果是“令人惊奇的”。
自主解答 C
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42.compromised．”
40．A．turn B．peace
C．vain D．silence 解析 根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said.可知，她发现他们很大程度上都保持沉默，因为他们认为谈论此事似乎是微不足道的。
自主解答 D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题
【典例】 (2021·1月浙江高考)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project
C．campaign D．course 完形填空的文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
解析 根据文章末尾的the project可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到文章开头可知，作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
自主解答 B
叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目。
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
…
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment，I began to fall for him.
…
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60．A．toys B．awards
C．food D．water 叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
解析 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
自主解答 D
解题策略 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
Test 1
Many years ago, the psychologist Walter Mischel conducted an experiment at a preschool on the Stanford University campus. He ___1___ a group of four-year-old kids around a table with some marshmallows (棉花糖) in the middle.
Mischel told them he had to leave the room for a few minutes. If they could wait until he___2___， he would give them two marshmallows. If they couldn't wait, then they could have one marshmallow ___3___. One marshmallow right now, or two later. That was the ___4___. He then left the room.
A few of the kids couldn't resist and ate a marshmallow the ___5___ he left. Some lasted for a few minutes before they ___6___. Others smelled their marshmallows. A few kids were ___7__ to resist the temptation and wait.
When Mischel got back, he gave those who ___8__ their well-earned two marshmallows.
The researcher then ___9__ the lives of each of these kids up through high school. 10 ， those who had resisted eating the marshmallow had done far ___11___ in school and in life than those who couldn't wait. They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.
The marshmallow test is one of the most famous psychological experiments ever ___12___. Walter Mischel has proven that children's ability to ___13___ satisfaction when they were young was related to ___14___ future outcomes. According to Walter Mischel, self-control can be mastered and applied to ___15___ in everyday life — from weight control to quitting smoking, and making major decisions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Walter Mischel是斯坦福大学的心理学教授，本文简要介绍了他许多年前进行的享誉世界的棉花糖实验。
1．A．gathered B．separated
C．attracted D．invited
解析：A Walter Mischel教授将一帮四岁的小孩召集到桌子周围。
2．A．returned B．succeeded
C．finished D．abandoned
解析：A 如果孩子们愿意等到Walter Mischel教授回来，他将给每个孩子两颗棉花糖。
3．A．gradually B．eventually
C．regularly D．immediately
解析：D 孩子们面临两种选择，后者是马上就能得到一颗棉花糖。
4．A．plan B．deal
C．concept D．principle
解析：B Walter Mischel教授跟孩子们达成了协议。这里的deal意为“协议”。
5．A．period B．moment
C．hour D．chance
解析：B 教授一离开，有个别孩子就吃掉了自己的棉花糖。
6．A．turned down B．took over
C．gave in D．showed up
解析：C 还有一些孩子坚持了几分钟后也屈服于棉花糖的诱惑。
7．A．determined B．ambitious
C．sensitive D．intelligent
解析：A 有几个小孩决心抵制诱惑，坚持到底。
8．A．made out B．set out
C．gave out D．held out
解析：D Walter Mischel教授回来后，给了这些一直坚持下来的孩子每人两颗棉花糖。
9．A．followed B．entered
C．protected D．involved
解析：A 实验结束后，研究人员继续跟踪调查这些参与实验的孩子们的生活。
10．A．Fortunately B．Surprisingly
C．Hopefully D．Similarly
解析：B 最后，研究人员得到了令人吃惊的结论：比起那些无法抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子，那些能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子在各方面的表现都要好得多。
11．A．more B．less
C．better D．worse
解析：C 根据下句They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.可知，能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子无论在学校还是在生活中都表现得更好。
12．A．discovered B．designed
C．conducted D．created
解析：C 可以与experiment搭配的动词有carry out、 conduct、 do、 perform等。
13．A．delay B．avoid
C．forget D．obtain
解析：A 根据上文实验的介绍可知，棉花糖实验的核心是检验孩子们延迟满足(delay satisfaction)的能力。
14．A．temporary B．positive
C．necessary D．steady
解析：B 棉花糖实验证实：一个人年轻时延迟满足的能力会给未来带来积极的影响。
15．A．opportunities B．achievements
C．conditions D．challenges
解析：D 下文列举的减肥、戒烟等都是我们生活中的一些挑战。
Test 2
The children were singing happily in the car. But I was feeling ___1___. Just now, the manager told me, despite my impressive___2___， he wanted to give me no more ___3___. He thought the career growth I looked for ___4___ a full-time employee while I only worked part time because I had to care for my children. The message hit me hard. However, it ___5___ a change that, in the end, taught me the power of hugging ___6___．
A friend suggested I reach out to senior ___7__ about chances in other departments. At first, I ___8__ that idea because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it! Then I ___9__ three other managers in my company. One invited me to develop apps with him. I told him I 10 knew anything about it. He said，“You are smart and willing to work hard. You will ___11___ it.”
The trust was exactly what I was looking for, but could I really succeed in a new ___12___？ Finally, I decided that taking a chance on the ___13___ was better than staying in a futureless position.
Then my career path opened up just because of a change that I felt ___14___ on me. It taught me that when you step out of your ___15___ zone, you'll find a most creative, productive self.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。从事兼职工作的作者在工作中不受经理器重，遭遇了事业的不顺。在这种情况下，她听从了朋友的建议去尝试改变，寻找新的工作机会从而最终获得成功。
1．A．curious B．anxious
C．confused D．awkward
解析：B 前句提到孩子们在车里开心地唱歌，后句提到了作者在工作中不能得到经理的重用，因此根据But表示的转折关系可知，作者因为受不到重用而心情沮丧、焦虑。
2．A．look B．comment
C．performance D．survival
解析：C 根据下文中的You are smart and willing to work hard.可知，作者在申请其他工作时另一个经理对她非常赞赏，再根据despite所表示的让步关系可以推断，作者在工作中表现出色，但是经理不想给作者分配更多的任务和职责。
3．A．stress B．time
C．explanations D．responsibilities
解析：D 参见上题解析。
4．A．needed B．hired
C．ruined D．chose
解析：A 根据while引导的表示转折含义的并列句可知，经理认为作者寻求的职业发展需要全职员工花费更多的精力和时间去完成。
5．A．made up B．referred to
C．led to D．found out
解析：C 根据语境可知，经理的话打击了作者，因此她才在朋友的建议下尝试去寻找其他的工作机会，从而带来了自己职业道路的改变。lead to意为“导致；造成；带来”。
6．A．chances B．growth
C．past D．details
解析：A 根据下文内容以及出现的chance可知，作者在经历过这件事后懂得了拥抱机会、把握机会的重要性。
7．A．judges B．teachers
C．managers D．experts
解析：C 根据上文提到的manager以及下文出现的three other managers可知，朋友建议作者去联系其他部门的经理，看看是否能够得到其他工作。
8．A．shared B．considered
C．had D．refused
解析：D 根据At first以及原因状语从句because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，最初作者拒绝了朋友的建议。
9．A．contacted B．tracked
C．invited D．challenged
解析：A 根据上下文语境可知，作者最后听从朋友的建议而联系了其他部门的经理。
10．A．simply B．hardly
C．nearly D．mostly
解析：B 根据下文的but could I really succeed in a new可知，作者不懂得研发app。hardly意为“几乎不”。
11．A．get B．help
C．catch D．make
解析：D 根据上文的You are smart and willing to work hard.以及下文中的trust可知，经理认为作者聪明、努力，因此在app研发方面会取得成绩。make it意为“成功做到”。
12．A．family B．field
C．company D．car
解析：B 根据上文出现的medicine以及app可知，作者从事的是不同的工作，因此这个工作对她来说是一个新的领域。field意为“田地；领域”。
13．A．impossible B．right
C．unknown D．good
解析：C 根据上文中的I told him I 10 knew anything about it.以及new可知，作者接受新的工作就意味着踏入了未知的领域。
14．A．forced B．flashed
C．depended D．focused
解析：A 根据故事内容可知，作者换工作是因为得不到经理的重用而且是在朋友的建议下才去找其他工作的，因此她换工作是被迫的。
15．A．time B．post
C．trade D．comfort
解析：D 根据上文中的I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，研究药品是作者熟悉的领域，而研发app是一个陌生的领域，因此她是踏出了舒适区，才找到了更富有创造力和富有成效的自我。
第三讲 防微杜渐，全篇思读，拉分题目智取
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应小心谨慎应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点(一) 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her 36 ， notably dryness and discomfort.
…
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43.program at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team 44.included Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45.ground-breaking work on eye care using stem cells.
36．A．throat B．skin
C．lungs D．eyes 解析 本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文的Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research可知，此处表示Burdeyney女士的眼睛开始出现问题了。
自主解答 D
易错点(二) 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
We 51.continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52.leg. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54.suggested his house. All worked 55.fine．
53．A．secretly B．constantly
C．eventually D．unwillingly 解析 四个选项在形式上非常相似，都是副词，部分学生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据语境可知，Tilly做了手术，而作者一天要带它出去四次，也就是说Tilly需要频繁地上下楼梯。结合常识可知，一般情况下做手术后的伤口在频繁的剧烈运动下才会裂开。由此可推断，作者担心Tilly这样“连续不断地”上下楼梯会让伤口裂开。
自主解答 B
易错点(三) 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45.surprising research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
44．A．supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted 解析 根据语境可知，长久以来，儿童躲藏时只遮住自己眼睛的做法成了“儿童是极其以自我为中心的人”这一结论的证据。由本段最后一个词idea的提示也可推断，这只是人们的一种观点和理解方式。本题的选择难度在于备选项的词义理解，interpreted意为“把……理解为”，对学生而言，这是一个相对生僻的词汇，一些学生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
自主解答 D
易错点(四) 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48 in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50.harder than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.
48．A．joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices 解析 根据下文中的Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears ... from the belt.可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。了解role的词义是解答本题的关键，role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责，作用，任务”。
自主解答 C
易错点(五) 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生产生一些思维定式。如果不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，会导致误解一些题目，并抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些学生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth来表达。因此在解题时一定要注意词汇在不同语境中的含义和用法，也要注意词性的转化。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的学生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中就不用for。因此解题时一定要注意分析文章结构，领会上下文逻辑关系，不要盲目选择，要着眼于整句的理解、整段的把握。
【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 19 his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work
19．A．ride B．lock
C．repair D．replace 解析 Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到下文的bike就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。
自主解答 D
Test 1
(2022·武汉市调研考试)I am a single father with two young daughters.It had been a(n) ___1___ year：Being out of work___2___ me of a reliable income and thus I was always low on money.I hated to ___3___ my girls.But as the New Year approached, with little choice, I was ___4___ to tell the girls, “It looks like our gift will be the gift of our ___5___ for each other.” Still, I couldn't stop feeling ___6___．
Then, unexpectedly, a(n) ___7__ occurred to me.I ___8__ $1，000 in a contest.To give them a ___9__， I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own.Back home I wrapped presents in the basement for my girls, all the time 10 ， “How amazed they will be！” The next morning, to ___11___ the gifts, I went to the living room and ___12___．There were already dozens of presents — all with my name on them.My girls had felt ___13___ that Dad wouldn't be getting any gifts, so they'd ___14___ wrapped their favorite stuffed animals and other toys so that I would have a happy new year.
As I stared at the gifts through ___15___ eyes, I promised myself that this was the best New Year that I had ever had.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个有两个女儿的单亲父亲，但是失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。新年来临之际，作者不得不告诉孩子们，今年的礼物只能是彼此的爱了。
1．A．ordinary B．happy
C．typical D．rough
解析：D 根据下文中的Being out of work ...was always low on money.可知，作者这一年过得很艰难。
2．A．reminded B．robbed
C．informed D．convinced
解析：B 根据句意可知，失业让作者失去了稳定的收入。
3．A．disappoint B．warn
C．push D．control
解析：A 结合常识和语境可知，作者不愿意让孩子们失望。
4．A．asked B．chosen
C．expected D．forced
解析：D 根据上文中的But as the New Year approached, with little choice可知，随着新年的临近，作者几乎没有别的选择，只得被迫告诉孩子们真相。
5．A．love B．request
C．respect D．pity
解析：A 根据上文中的Being out of work ...with little choice可知，作者没有钱买礼物，所以只能让一家人分享彼此的爱。
6．A．responsible B．panic
C．guilty D．pleased
解析：C 根据上文可知，尽管作者很爱孩子们，但是没钱给孩子们买礼物仍然让作者感到很内疚。
7．A．idea B．miracle
C．opportunity D．failure
解析：B 结合语境和常识可知，作者在竞赛中赢得了1，000美元，这真是一个奇迹。
8．A．lost B．collected
C．donated D．won
解析：D 参见上题解析。
9．A．gift B．favor
C．surprise D．lesson
解析：C 根据下文中的I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own和常识可知，作者将自己中奖的消息保密，自己去购物了，此处是指作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜。
10．A．wondering B．doubting
C．remembering D．thinking
解析：D 结合上文可知，作者想要给孩子们一个惊喜，因此在包礼物的时候一直在想“她们将会多么惊讶”。
11．A．lay out B．set up
C．hand over D．get together
解析：A 根据语境和常识可知，第二天早上作者去客厅摆放礼物。
12．A．hesitated B．froze
C．waited D．rested
解析：B 根据语境和下文中的There were already dozens of presents — all with my name on them.可知，作者本来想给孩子们惊喜，却没想到孩子们给他准备了礼物，因此，作者惊呆了。
13．A．thirsty B．cool
C．bad D．natural
解析：C 根据下文中的wrapped their favorite stuffed ...a happy new year可知，孩子们为了让爸爸度过一个快乐的新年，便将她们最爱的玩具打包作为礼物送给爸爸。由此可推断，她们对于爸爸没有收到礼物感觉很糟糕。
14．A．tightly B．carefully
C．slightly D．nervously
解析：B 根据语境可知，作者一家相亲相爱，孩子们会认真地将自己的玩具打包好作礼物。
15．A．burning B．charming
C．watery D．picky
解析：C 根据语境和常识可知，面对如此懂事乖巧的女儿们，作者的眼眶湿润了。
Test 2
(2022·广州市综合测试二)I'd worked four months at a university when we had a going-away party for Sandy, who was moving to London.When I got to work the next day, I was ___1___ to see Sandy there.“Aren't you supposed to be in London？” I asked.She___2___ me and said，“I'm Helen.”
I then found out that I have a rare disease — face blindness.This ___3___ sent me to the doctor.I didn't think much about it.___4___， I was a successful adult — who would care if my ___5___ wasn't quite like everyone else's Then, I met Dr.Smith.“Your ability to learn new faces is among the worst，” he said.“As for cures, nothing so far has been very ___6___．” After a sad goodbye, I fled in tears.
I was ___7__ until Dad gave me some important advice.“Everyone just wants to talk about themselves，” he said.“Just ask questions.” This ___8__ transformed my life.When walking on campus, if someone looked my way, I ___9__ .If they smiled, I stopped to chat.Soon I became an expert at talking to 10 ．
This year, I celebrated my birthday with over 60 friends, many of whom I wasn't able to ___11___ ．I was fine with that. ___12___， I can take courses to treat my illness, but I'd rather spend that time on something I ___13___， like looking at birds.I get such a ___14___ identifying them.
___15___ my face blindness, I've learnt to see the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然发现自己患有一种罕见的疾病——脸盲症，这使作者很绝望。后来作者的父亲给作者提了一些建议，这些建议改变了作者的生活。
1．A．excited B．surprised
C．frightened D．pleased
解析：B 根据上文中的a going-away party for Sandy可知，作者为Sandy送行，第二天上班时又看到了Sandy，因此作者肯定很吃惊。
2．A．stared at B．thought of
C．got away from D．reached out for
解析：A 根据上文的Aren't you supposed to be in London？和下文的I'm Helen.可推知，对方应是盯着作者看。
3．A．disaster B．accident
C．discovery D．expectation
解析：C 根据上文的found out可知，此处是作者发现自己患有脸盲症，这一发现促使作者去看医生。
4．A．However B．Somehow
C．Anyway D．Moreover
解析：C 作者对这件事没想太多。因为不管怎样作者是一个成功的成年人，如果自己的大脑与其他人的不一样，谁又会在意呢？
5．A．illness B．growth
C．face D．brain
解析：D 参见上题解析。
6．A．promising B．popular
C．cheap D．comfortable
解析：A 根据下文的After a sad goodbye, I fled in tears.可推知，此处应是说医生认为作者的脸盲症没有治愈的希望，作者很绝望。
7．A．unconcerned B．impatient
C．desperate D．annoyed
解析：C 参见上题解析。
8．A．tip B．question
C．explanation D．warning
解析：A 根据上文的Dad gave me some important advice以及作者的父亲所说的话可推知，此处表示父亲给作者的指点改变了作者的生活。
9．A．hesitated B．smiled
C．panicked D．waited
解析：B 根据语境可知，此处是如果有人看向作者，作者会微笑。
10．A．students B．strangers
C．colleagues D．patients
解析：B 根据语境可知，此处表达的是作者逐渐变得擅长与陌生人交谈。
11．A．invite B．trust
C．greet D．recognise
解析：D 根据上文中提到的作者患有脸盲症可推知，来给作者庆祝生日的六十多位朋友中，有很多人作者都辨认不出来。
12．A．Eventually B．Fortunately
C．Actually D．Hopefully
解析：C 根据语境尤其是下文的but可知，此处表达的是“事实上，我能通过上课来治疗我的疾病，但我更想把时间花费在我喜爱的事情上，比如看鸟”。
13．A．remember B．ignore
C．miss D．enjoy
解析：D 参见上题解析。
14．A．chance B．thrill
C．shock D．trouble
解析：B 根据上文内容可知，作者更想把时间花费在自己喜爱的事情上，而看鸟就是作者喜爱的事情之一，所以作者辨认这些鸟时会有一种兴奋的感觉。
15．A．According to B．Regardless of
C．In fear of D．Thanks to
解析：D 根据上文内容尤其是I was ...looking at birds.可知，此处表达的是“由于脸盲症”，作者学会了以新的视角看世界。