专攻解题方法与技巧
高中英语重点语法-时态
一、单项选择
1.Tom, as well as his parents, ________ in China over the past five years.
A.have been living
B.has been living
C.are living
D.is living
【答案】B
考查时态。句意:汤姆和他的父母过去五年一直住在中国。根据后文over the past five years可知,表示动作从过去某时开始发生,一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间,并可能延续下去的动作应用现在完成进行时;且主语后接介词短语 as well as,不影响主语的人称和数,谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定,即助动词用has。故选B。
2.My parents and I ________ to Shanghai for the winter camp this weekend. I’m looking forward to it.
A.fly
B.have flown
C.are flying
D.would fly
【答案】C
考查时态。句意:这个周末我和我的父母要飞往上海参加冬令营。我很期待。根据后文 this weekend可知此处为现在进行时表将来,主语为My parents and I,谓语用复数。故选C。
3.The work ________ soon.
A.will be finished
B.has been finished
C.will finish
D.finishes
【答案】A
考查时态和语态。句意:这项工作很快就会完成。根据soon可知,用一般将来时。主语The work 与finish之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故选A。
4.It’s reported that Xiamen University ________ more than 400,000 talents for our country in the last 100 years.
A.cultivates
B.cultivated
C.has cultivated
D.had cultivated
【答案】C
考查现在完成时。句意:据报道,在过去的100年里,厦门大学为国家培养了40多万名人才。根据时间状语in the last 100 years可知,句子要用现在完成时。故选C项。
5.I’m very sorry that I can’t lend my car to you tomorrow morning because I ________ it then.
A.have used
B.will have used
C.will be using
D.am using
【答案】C
考查时态。句意:非常抱歉,明天早上我不能把车借给你,因为我要用它。根据上文 tomorrow morning可知表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行,或往往是因为已经做好准备,认为某事肯定会发生,应用将来进行时。故选C。
6.Over the last decade, the government _______ hard at using advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS.
A.had worked
B.have worked
C.worked
D.was working
【答案】B
考查动词时态。句意:在过去十年中,政府一直在努力利用广告教育公众抗击艾滋病。A. had worked工作,过去完成时;B. have worked工作,现在完成时;C. worked工作,一般过去时;D. was working正在工作,过去进行时。根据时间状语Over the last decade(在过去的十年里)可知句子时态是现在完成时。故选B。
7.Their perseverance ______ with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals.
A.is paid off
B.pays off
C.paid off
D.was paid off
【答案】C
考查时态。句意:他们的坚持最终在四分之一决赛中战胜了卫冕冠军巴西队。由with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals可知,他们的坚持得到了回报,pay off是固定短语,意为“得到回报”,无被动语态,用主动表被动,句子描述的是过去的事情,因此时态用一般过去时,空格处是过去式,故选C。
8.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________.
A.is made
B.would made
C.was to be made
D.had made
【答案】C
考查时态和语态。句意:在澳大利亚发现的黄金使成千上万的人相信会发财。因为主句为一般过去时,所以从句用过去时态。fortune 这里表示财富,因为在澳大利亚发现金子,所以在那里“将会”发财,所以应用be to do sth.“将要做某事”,表示将来。且fortunate与make构成被动关系,所以用被动语态。故选C。
9.The plane ________ off at 10:00. That is, it ________ in ten minutes.
A.takes; is leaving
B.taking; is leaving
C.is taking; leaves
D.is taking; is leaving
【答案】A
考查时态。句意:飞机10点起飞。也就是说,它将在十分钟后离开。首先看空格一所在句,当表示按照时间表的安排将要发生的动作时,例如火车或飞机的运行时间表,这时用一般现在时表将来,“plane”为可数名词单数形式,“take off”意为“(飞机)起飞”,故空格一用“take”的三单形式“takes”;再看空格二,当表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作时,可用现在进行时表将来,常用于“come, go, stay, arrive, leave”等词,“it”与“is”连用,“leave”意为“离开”,动词词性,现在分词为“leaving”,故空格二填“is leaving”。故选A项。
10.Not only I but also Albert and Mary ________ physics.
A.am fond of
B.are fond of
C.is fond of
D.was fond of
【答案】B
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅我喜欢物理,艾伯特和玛丽也喜欢物理。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“be fond of…”,意为“喜欢……”,“not only…but also…”意为“不仅……而且……”,用来连接两个主语时,遵循就近原则,谓语动词的人称和数和后面的主语保持一致,“Albert and Mary”为两个人,故应用复数,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,故“be”动词应转换为“are”。故选B项。
11.I arrived late and missed the flight. I _______ the traffic to be so heavy.
A.hadn't expected
B.haven't expected
C.hadn't been expected
D.haven't been expected
【答案】A
考查时态。句意:我来迟了,错过了航班。我没有料到交通会是如此堵。根据语境我迟到是过去,因此推断“没有料到”为“过去的过去”发生的事情,用过去完成时,故选A。
12.It was the second time that I________him in Shanghai.
A.met
B.had met
C.would meet
D.was meeting
【答案】B
考查动词时态。句意:这是我在上海第二次见到他。It was the second time that…为固定句型,that从句中使用过去完成时。故选B。
13.— Good morning, Tom, why do you look so tired out
— Because I _________ my graduating paper all night in my study.
A.worked on
B.had worked on
C.have been working on
D.would work on
【答案】C
考查时态。句意:——早上好,汤姆,你为什么看起来这么累?——因为我整晚都在书房里一直写毕业论文。此处缺乏谓语,由问句和all night可知,“写毕业论文”这个动作是在昨晚一直进行的,且这个动作对现在产生了影响,时态用现在完成进行时(has/have been doing)表动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去,work on (致力于......)。故选C项。
14.It was midnight and he was tired because he ________ since dawn.
A.was working
B.has worked
C.had been working
D.has been working
【答案】C
考查动词时态语态。句意:午夜了,他累了因为自从拂晓,他一直在工作。根据时间状语since dawn并结合前文的“It was dawn”可推断,表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,还会一直持续下去,用过去完成进行时。故选C。
15.The clerk _______ a rise in salary from the boss, but he proved a disappointment.
A.expected
B.has been expecting
C.had been expecting
D.has expected
【答案】C
考查时态和语态。句意:这个职员一直期待老板涨工资,但是他失望了。根据句意可知,职员“期待涨工资”的动作发生在proved之前,即过去的过去,应用过去完成时,又该动作在过去之前一直在发生,所以应用过去完成进行时had been doing,故选C项。
【点睛】
本题考查过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作,其结构为had been doing,例如:
1. He had been waiting for two weeks.他已经等了两周了。
2. She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
16.Amateur astronomer David Bates ________ at the moon through his telescope last night when he got a big surprise.
A.looked
B.was looking
C.had looked
D.would look
【答案】B
考查动词时态。句意:昨晚,业余天文学家大卫·贝茨通过望远镜观察月亮时,他得到了一个大惊喜。根据last night和观赏look at 可知,此处表示过去时间一直做某事,应用过去进行时。故选B。
17.Unfortunately, when I arrived at the airport, Mr. Green ________. Therefore, we only had time for a few words.
A.has just left
B.was just leaving
C.had just left
D.just left
【答案】B
考查过去进行时。句意:不幸的是,当我到达机场时,格林先生正要离开。因此,我们只有几句话的时间。根据“Therefore, we only had time for a few words.”可知,此处是指格林先生正要离开,且是指过去的事情。动词leave意为“离开”,为位移动词,所以可以用进行时表将来。所以此处应用过去进行时。故选B。
18.It was three weeks since this iconic actress ______ positive due to close contact with viral clusters.
A.has tested
B.tested
C.had tested
D.were tested
【答案】C
考查时态。句意:三周前,这位著名女演员因与病毒群密切接触而检测呈阳性。此处为句型It was+时间段+since+过去完成时,表示“到过去某个时间为止做某事有多长时间了”,故选C。
19.I complained to the manager of the hotel about the poor service last night, but up to now, I ________ his reply.
A.didn’t receive
B.haven’t received
C.wouldn’t receive
D.wasn’t receiving
【答案】B
考查时态。句意:我昨晚向旅馆经理抱怨服务差,但到现在为止,我还没有收到他的答复。根据时间状语but up to now可知,空处应使用现在完成时。故选B项。
20.Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A.delivered
B.will be delivering
C.was delivering
D.has been delivering
【答案】B
考查将来进行时。句意:大家晚上好,金教授马上要发表演讲,但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment(立即,即将,一会儿)的提示,可知教授的演讲还未开始,用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时),仅有B符合题意,是将来进行时的结构,故选B。
二、完成句子
21.Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou ______________________________.
他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
【答案】would not acknowledge defeat
考查固定短语。结合句意表示“认输”短语为acknowledge defeat,此处为过去将来时,结合句意为否定陈述句。故填would not acknowledge defeat。
22.The steward said that the next flight ____________ in ten minutes.(take off)
这名乘务员说,下一航班十分钟后起飞。
【答案】was taking off/would take off
考查时态。根据句意和前文的said,可知此处指从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态,应用过去将来时,take off表示位置转移,可用过去进行时表示过去将来的状态,结构为was doing或would do,故填was taking off/would take off。
23.当他准备开前门时,他发现他的钥匙掉了。
When he ________________________ the front door, he found his keys were nowhere.
【答案】was to open
考查时态。be to do表示按约定、计划,或按职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作,这是将来时的一种用法。根据主句时态可知,用过去时态。根据句意 ,故填was to open。
24.青少年时期养成的好习惯将使他们受益终生。
Good habits formed at youth_______ ________ ________ ________ .
【答案】will make a difference
考查动词短语。由句意可知,空白处应表达“将使他们受益终身”,显然是一般将来时,应使用情态动词will。这里空数有限,考虑用make a difference表示“产生影响,起(重要)作用”,故填will make a difference。
25.The professor ________________ on environment protection.
这位教授将发表一场关于环境保护的演说。
【答案】will deliver a speech
考查固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“发表演讲”短语为deliver a speech,此处为一般将来时。故填will deliver a speech。
26.最近10年,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语+谓语)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in my hometown in the past ten years.
【答案】Great changes have taken place
考查时态。发生:take place,此短语没有被动形式,用主动表被动。巨大变化:great changes,根据时间状语“in the past ten years”可知句子用现在完成时,主语是“great changes”,复数,故谓语用have done,结合汉语提示的其它词汇可知答案为:①Great②changes③have④taken⑤place。
27.这是我第一次忽视我儿子的请求。
It is the first time that I ____________ ____________ my son’s request
【答案】have ignored
本题考查动词时态。解题要点:结合汉语意思表示“第一次做某事”,句型为it is the first time that+主语+现在完成时+其他。从句中主语为I,故助动词用have。故答案为have ignored。
28.They ________________ new ways to reduce the cost.
他们一直在考虑能够降低成本的新方法。
【答案】have been considering
考查动词和时态。对照中英文句子,空处应填动词consider“考虑”的某种形式,结合语境,“一直做某事”应用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去,主语是复数,助动词用have。故填have been considering。
29.By the time his parents got home, the boy ________ for three hours.
他父母到家的时候, 那个男孩已经玩了三个小时电脑游戏了。
【答案】had been playing computer games
考查时态。空白处在句中作谓语。结合句中时间状语by the time his parents got home可知,主句的时态要用过去完成时;同时结合空后的for three hours可知,男孩玩游戏的动作为从过去一直持续到父母回来,动作一直在延续,所以时态应用过去完成进行时。故填had been playing computer games。
30.现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语+系动词+表语)
Nowadays after-class activities ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in high schools.
【答案】are becoming more and more popular
考查时态和固定短语。结合句意表示“变得普及”短语为become popular,此处应用现在进行时,主语为activities,谓语用复数;表示“越来越”短语为more and more。故填are becoming more and more popular。
31.The government________________________________the public to save water.
政府正在呼吁公众节约用水。
【答案】is appealing to
考查短语和时态。appeal to呼吁。根据句意,用现在进行时。根据句意,故填is appealing to。
32.我正在浏览《时间简史》这本书,这时我得到了霍金去世的消息。
I ________ ________ ________ the book A Brief History of Time ________ I got the news of Hawking’s death.
【答案】was looking through when
考查时态和状语从句。look through是动词短语“浏览”,表示正在做某事用进行时,根据got得知,用过去进行时,当时是when引导的时间状语从句。故填was looking through when。
33.我第一次遇到Mary是在三年前。她那时在一个收音机商店上班。
I first met Mary three years ago.She ________ at a radio shop at the time.
【答案】was working
考查动词时态。根据前文句意及时间状语at the time可知,表示“(正)在上班”用动词work的过去进行时,表示过去某时正在进行的动作,主语She为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was working。
34.等交通畅通时,我们的汽油就用完了。
By the time the traffic clears, we will have ____________ __________ of gas.
【答案】run out
考查动词短语。对比中英文句意可知,空处需表示“用完”之意,run out of用完,动词短语,符合题意;由英语题干可知,空处谓语动词使用了将来完成时态:will have done,所以空处动词需用过去分词run。故填run。
35.In order to stop the virus from spreading further, the scientist _______________ all possible ways to control it in the past few months. (explore)
在过去的几个月里,这位科学家一直在探索所有可能的方法来控制这种病毒进一步扩散。
【答案】has been exploring
考查时态。根据句意可知,本句为现在完成进行时。have/has been doing表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,很可能还要延续下去。再结合 in the past few months给出的时间状语,故填has been exploring。
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36.Women's place ________ (be) in the home; it certainly isn't today. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was
考查时态。句意:(过去)女人应该呆在家里,现在不是了,根据句中it certainly isn't today可知,逗号前的内容指的是过去的一种事实,所以时态应用一般过去时;句子主语为单数,所以be用was。故填was。
37.Very seldom ________ the young lady eat any breakfast to keep a slim figure. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】does/did
考查倒装句。句意:这位年轻的女士很少吃早餐来保持身材苗条。seldom置句首,句子使用部分倒装,根据句意,句子可用一般现在时或者一般过去时,the young lady是第三人称单数,用助动词does或者did,故填does/did。
38.Don’t delay! Tack ________ (wait) for you anxiously at the moment.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is waiting
考查动词时态。句意:不要拖延了!Tack目前正在焦急地等待着。根据前文“不要拖延”说明是现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时,且主语Tack是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填is waiting。
39.I ________ (organize) my words in my head when the girl next to me gave a nudge. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was organizing
考查时态。句意:当我旁边的女孩推了我一下的时候,我正在脑子里整理我的话。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when...,表示“某人正在做某事,这时……”。结合“gave”可知,空处使用过去进行时,主语为I,be动词用was。故填was organizing。
40.Once he makes up his mind, you ________ (not make) him change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】won’t make
考查动词时态。句意:一旦他下定决心,你就不能让他改变主意。once引导的状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时。故填won’t make。
41.When we worked in the same office, we ________ often have coffee together. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】would
考查时态。句意:当我们在同一个办公室工作时,我们经常一起喝咖啡。时间状语从句中,主句用过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时,结合句意,故填would。
42.Don’t call me at nine tomorrow because I ________ (study) at the library. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be studying
考查时态。句意:明天九点不要打电话给我,因为我要在图书馆学习。根据句意和句中“at nine tomorrow”可知,“学习”的动作是将来某个时间点正在发生的动作,故句子应用将来进行时,句式为“主语+will be doing+其他”,“study”意为“学习”,动词词性,现在分词为“studying”。故填will be studying。
43.The past decades __________ (witness) the rapid development of online news media. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have witnessed
考查时态语态。句意:过去的几十年见证了网络新闻媒体的快速发展。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少谓语,根据“the past decades”可知,句子表达的是“从过去到现在已经见证了”,应用现在完成时,主语是“the past decades”是复数,应用have witnessed,故填have witnessed。
44.By the time the doctor arrived, the patient ________(lose) his life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had lost
考查时态。句意:医生到达时,病人已经死了。根据句意可知病人在医生到达之前死去了,且根据上文 “By the time the doctor arrived”可知,医生到达发生在"过去",即"病人死去"发生在"过去的过去"需用过去完成时。故填had lost。
45.Her husband died because of smoking last month and she ______________(ban) her son from smoking ever since.
【答案】has banned/has been banning
考查动词时态语态。句意:她的丈夫上个月死于吸烟,从那以后她就(一直)禁止她的儿子吸烟。根据下文ever since可知应用现在完成时,主语为she,故填has banned。或强调过去动作的延续不曾间断用现在完成进行时has been banning。
46.By the time Juan gets home, his father ________ (leave) for London.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will have left
考查将来完成时。句意:胡安到家时,他父亲已经去伦敦了。该句是含By the time引导的时间状语从句的复合句,根据时间状语从句By the time Juan gets home,可知主句表示将来完成的事情,谓语动词用将来完成时。故答案为will have left。
47.The room was full of smoke because someone ________ (smoke) cigarettes.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had been smoking
考查动词时态。句意:房间里充满了烟,因为有人一直在抽烟。根据“was full of smoke”可知,空处“抽烟”这个动作发生在“充满了烟”之前并一直持续下去,使用过去完成进行时。故填has been smoking。
48.Is “the battle at lake Changjin”(长津湖)the only film that he ________ (shoot) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has shot
考查时态。句意:《长津湖之战》是他拍摄的唯一一部电影吗?分析句子结构,that he ________ (shoot)是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the only film,根据主句时态,可知从句表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时,所以填has shot。
49.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ______ (take) off.
【答案】is taking
考查动词的时态。句意:女士们、先生们,请系好安全带。飞机就要起飞了。短语take off“起飞”,用现在进行时表示将要进行的动作。主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填 is taking 。
50.It __________ (rain) for three days and it doesn’t seem to stop. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been raining
考查时态。句意:雨已经下了三天了,而且似乎停不下来。根据“for three days” 和“it doesn’t seem to stop”可知,用现在完成进行时,表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,并且可能仍然要继续下去。主语为it,助动词用has。故填has been raining。