2023届高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
Dogs can understand when humans mean well, even if they don’t get what they want from us. Now, the close social bond between humans and dogs is well established, but researchers have a limited understanding of whether and how dogs comprehend human intent. To see if pet dogs can distinguish between intentional and accidental actions by strangers, Christoph V lter at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria and his colleagues ran tests with humans offering dogs food while the animals’ body movements were tracked using eight cameras.
Each dog and human were separated by a transparent plastic panel with holes that a slice of sausage could be passed through. In 96 trials of 48 pet dogs, human participants either teased the dog by holding up and pulling back a treat, or they pretended to clumsily drop the piece of sausage on their own side of the panel before the dog could eat it. In all trials, the dogs had to wait 30 seconds before finally getting their reward, during which the team tracked their reaction.
The research found that when humans pretended to drop a treat compared with when they intentionally pulled it away, the dogs responded more patiently. They made more eye contact with the experimenter, wagged their tails more and stayed closer to the transparent barrier, suggesting they were still expecting a treat. Dogs that were teased sat, laid down and backed away the barrier more frequently. The results were similar across different dogs, ages and sex.
In the clumsy trial, the dogs also wagged their tails more on their right side, a behaviour known to be associated with dogs that are happy and relaxed. “They have more positive emotions towards the clumsy experimenter, which might indicate that they indeed understand that the experimenter is willing, but just too clumsy, to give them food,” says V lter.
1．What was V lter’s research intended for
A．Clarifying how humans bond with dogs.
B．Training dogs to adapt to new surroundings.
C．Understanding dogs’ sensitivity towards food.
D．Detecting if dogs understand human intention.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Research findings. B．Research method.
C．Research background. D．Research data.
3．How did the dogs react when sausages were pulled away on purpose
A．They moved away more often. B．They barked more loudly.
C．They bit sausages more fiercely. D．They waited more patiently.
4．What is the text
A．A diary entry. B．A course plan.
C．A science report. D．A tour brochure.
Just as human beings have to learn to speak, birds also have to learn how to sing. They do this in several stages.
First, they practise tones and sounds, which can be compared to the baby stage in human language development. Then, birds practise their song for eight to nine months, until memory and practice match up. The singing is strengthened during the final stage.
Humans and birds both appear to go through a stage when the brain is particularly receptive to learning language or song. This is why birds have to hear other birds of their own species sing while they are still young, otherwise, they won’t be able to produce much more than a whistle later on.
So do birds sing with an accent Birds don’t all sing the same songs, not even within a species. Although the members of each bird species share a vocabulary of sounds, dialect differences are quite common. Among yellowhammers, a distance of a few hundred metres is enough for the birds’ song to change. The individual dialects are learnt while the birds are still chicks in the nest—just as children adopt the dialect of their parents. The young birds always sing as well or as badly as their teachers, because the adults on which they model themselves vary in style and talent from region to region.
Some bird species have more than 60 dialects, and many singers can be described as multilingual. Males that master several dialects have a better chance of finding a mate since females prefer mates from the same dialect family. Bird dialects also help to drive evolution, because different songs cause the formation of new sub-species and eventually even completely new species.
5．How do young birds gain the skill of singing
A．By matching singing with their inborn memory. B．By practicing tones and sounds to their best.
C．By imitating the birds of their own species. D．By trying hard to produce many whistles.
6．Why do birds sing with an accent
A．They are receptive to learning different songs. B．They have different vocabulary of sounds.
C．Their parents have different sounding features. D．Their talents in singing vary individually.
7．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “model”
A．Follow an example. B．Work as a model.
C．Change dialects. D．Show respects.
8．What’s the benefit of birds’ mastering several dialects
A．Scaring enemies away. B．Enriching language varieties.
C．Enlarging territories. D．Promoting mating and evolving.
Over the past century, more than a few great writers have expressed concern about humanity’s future. In Brave New World (1932), the British author Aldous Huxley pictured a near-perfect society in which unhappiness and aggression had been removed out of humanity through a combination of genetic engineering and psychological conditioning.
It might surprise you to hear this, but these things have already happened. Now we are living in a world in which a handful of high-tech companies are not only monitoring much of our activity, but are also invisibly controlling more and more of what we think, feel, do and say.
Take Google, the biggest and the best search engine. It gives us exactly the information we are looking for, almost instantly and almost always in the first position of the list after we launch our search—the list of “search results”. And that ordered list is so good, in fact, that about 50 per cent of our clicks go to the top two items, and more than 90 per cent of our clicks go to the 10 items listed on the first page of results. Seconds later, the decision we make or the opinion we form is determined by that short list we are shown, even though we have no idea how the list was generated.
Of course, Google decides which of the billions of web pages it is going to include in our search results, and it also decides how to rank them. However, how it decides these things is a deep, dark secret—one of the best-kept secrets in the world, like the formula for Coca-Cola.
The technology that now surrounds us is not just a harmless toy; it has also made possible undetectable and untraceable control of entire populations. If we choose to ignore this, we do so at our own risk.
9．Why does the author mention the book Brave New World
A．To introduce the book. B．To lead in the topic.
C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To get readers into thinking.
10．According to the passage, how does Google invisibly control us
A．By monitoring what we are searching. B．By offering us a wealth of information.
C．By presenting what it would like us to see. D．By ranking the research results by importance.
11．How does the author sound when discussing the problem
A．Cautious. B．Worried. C．Humorous. D．Curious.
12．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．The New Mind Control. B．A Bad Choice of Technology.
C．Connecting Through the Internet. D．A Double-edged Sword.
Kathy Sullivan and an underwater explorer named Victor Vescovo dived 10,915 meters below the surface of the Pacific Ocean in a submarine(潜艇), making the 68-year-old ex-astronaut the first woman ever to reach that depth and Vescovo the only person to have dived to the place three times. Dr. Sullivan was among the first women to join NASA as an astronaut. In 1984，she took part in a 3.5 hour spacewalk and became the first American woman to take part in activities in space outside of a spacecraft. But she has also intended to contribute something to the ocean. After she left NASA in 1993, she began working for NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) as its chief scientist.
The goal of the submarine dive was the Mariana Trench, the deepest valley in the ocean floor. And its deepest part, also the deepest point on Earth is known as Challenger Deep that is nearly 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean.
At present, there’s only one submarine called Limiting Factor in the world that can take two people down that far. It was built for Vescovo. Last year, Vescovo used it to map the deepest points in all five of the world’s oceans. He is the first person to have done this. Because it’s so hard to get down to Challenger Deep, before Dr. Sullivan, only seven people had ever reached it. This time, the two spent about an hour and a half at the bottom, taking pictures of the area to be used for Sullivan’s studies. The time is required to adjust to the changing pressure from the weight of the water above, and it took four hours for the submarine to come back to the surface. After that, they made a phone call to the International Space Station (ISS) to compare ideas with the astronauts about what was similar between their experiences. For Dr. Sullivan, this experience was a “once-in-a-lifetime day”.
13．How many times had Vescovo dived to Challenger Deep before Sullivan
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
14．Which of the following can best describe Sullivan
A．Ambitious. B．Considerate.
C．Modest. D．Cautious.
15．Why did it take Sullivan and Vescovo 4 hours to return to the surface
A．They mapped the deepest points.
B．They took pictures in the submarine.
C．They phoned the ISS to exchange ideas.
D．They had to deal with the water pressure.
16．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．For the Deepest Ocean Dive B．The Deepest Point on Earth
C．From Space to the Ocean Deep D．A Once-in-a-lifetime Day
A great amount of dark, sticky tar (焦油) was reported along Israel’s coast last week. An offshore oil tanker is believed to have leaked out.
The floating oil can form tar balls as it is pushed by wind and waves on the ocean’s surface. After a violent storm, the tar balls were seen ashore. Israel has about 190 kilometers of beaches. The tar has already had a big effect on the local wildlife. Volunteers were working quickly to rescue sea birds, turtles, and fish. Some animals were covered in oil or tar. Others had swallowed it. The body of a young whale was found washed up on shore. The whale appeared to have died after swallowing a black oily liquid.
The government has asked people to avoid going to the beach, since tar exposure can make people sick and do harm to the skin. A number of volunteers had to be taken to the hospital after breathing in the air polluted by chemicals from the tar.
Experts from Israel and Europe are still trying to figure out exactly what happened. The leak is believed to have taken place about a week ago, when there were strong storms in the area. Israel believed that a ship leaked tens or even hundreds of tons of oil in the Mediterranean. Experts are working together to review satellite images (图像) of ships that passed through the area, and they have a list of about 10 ships that are the most likely ones to leak out.
The Israel Nature and Parks Authority warned that the “consequences will be seen for years to come.” Israeli environmental minister Gila Gamliel said on Saturday that there is no more floating oil visible off Israel’s coast, “which is a very animative condition.” However, the ministry warned that large waves are forecast this week. The waves could carry the sticky tar from beach to beach, which could make cleanup efforts more difficult.
17．What brought the tar balls to the shore
A．An oil ship. B．The sea animals.
C．A strong storm. D．The floating oil.
18．What can be learnt about the oil tanker leak
A．When it took place hasn’t been sure. B．Israel has found out the cause of it.
C．Who’s responsible for it is unclear. D．Volunteers have tried hard to stop it.
19．What does the underlined word “animative” in the last paragraph mean
A．Challenging. B．Natural. C．Rare. D．Encouraging.
20．In which section of a newspaper is this text most likely to appear
A．Health. B．Environment. C．Science. D．Trade.
The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging (刺人的) tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people call it the gympie-gympie tree — a name given to the tree by indigenous Australians. Though it looks like the leaves, it’s actually covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you brush up against a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget the pain anytime soon. Scientists doing research on it at the University of Queensland have long studied the source of this powerful sting, looking for a neurotoxin — a poison that affects human bodies.
After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain. The researchers created the man-made versions of them, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected (注射) mice with gympietides, the mice bit gently the places where they’d been injected — indicating that they hurt in those places.
When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemical very stable, which helps explain how the pain lasts so long. The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails (锥形蜗牛). The scientists found out the final fact that three very different kinds of life all use similar poisons, which was beyond their imagination.
Though its sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and small relatives of the kangaroo called pademelons are able to eat the plant without trouble.
21．What’s the purpose of the research on the sting trees
A．To stop them hurting people. B．To identify the types of them.
C．To explain why they sting. D．To find out their poisons.
22．What do we know about gympietides
A．They are made in the lab artificially.
B．They are taken from the sting trees.
C．They are often used to treat the mice.
D．They are poisons from other animals.
23．How did the researchers feel about their final finding
A．It was unsatisfying. B．It was normal.
C．It was doubtful. D．It was unexpected.
24．What is the text mainly about
A．Trees giving off poison. B．Sting trees’ secret.
C．Poison and pain of trees. D．Trees’ powerful stings.
You wake up in the morning and realize you forgot to put the leftover meat in the fridge before you went to bed last night. The meat isn’t raw and it looks fine, smells fine and tastes fine, so eating it should be fine, right Unfortunately, it doesn’t quite work that way.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) notes that there are two types of bacteria in meat and meat products: pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria. Spoilage bacteria cause the food to start smelling and tasting strange, but consuming it won’t harm you. Pathogenic bacteria, on the other hand, are harmful bacteria that don’t affect the taste or smell of the food in any way but can cause you to fall sick.
The USDA explains that pathogenic bacteria thrive between 4℃ and 40℃. Room temperature usually falls in this temperature range, known as the danger zone. In this temperature range, pathogenic bacteria can sometimes double in number within a span of 20 minutes. If bacteria can double in just 20 minutes, imagine the numbers if the meat has been left out. The USDA states that any food that has been left out at room temperature for over two hours should be discarded.
Since pathogenic bacteria don’t affect the taste, smell or sight of in any way, you have no way of knowing whether they’re there. You may feel bad about throwing away meat that perfectly fine, but it’s better to be safe than sorry.
25．What purpose does the first paragraph serve
A．To bring up the topic of the text. B．To describe a common scene.
C．To introduce a scientific question. D．To ask for some professional advice.
26．Which food might contain the most pathogenic bacteria
A．Pork just cooked with a temperature of 300℃.
B．Steak kept in an average temperature of around 2℃.
C．Chicken taken from the fridge with a temperature around -8℃.
D．Beef left on the table overnight with a temperature above 10℃.
27．What does the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Change. B．Reduce. C．Increase. D．Form.
28．What may the writer expect people to do with the meat with pathogenic bacteria
A．To feel sorry for throwing it away. B．To get rid of it without hesitation.
C．To eat it after cooking it again. D．To smell it and decide what to do next.
Kids who think they can get smarter if they work hard are more likely to bounce back from their mistakes than those who think their level of intelligence is set in stone, a new study finds.
“This may be because kids with a so-called growth mind-set, who believe intelligence is changeable, are more likely to focus on their mistakes than those with a fixed mind-set, who believe intelligence is not changeable,” the study researcher Hans Schroder at Michigan State University, said in a statement.
In the study, the researchers first asked 123 children questions to assess whether they had a growth mind-set or a fixed mind-set. They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. Finally, the researchers analyzed the brain responses that occurred within half second of the children making a mistake on the task. In general, a bigger brain response means that a person is paying more attention to her or his mistakes, the researchers said.
The study found that children with a growth mind-set were more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, compared with children who had a fixed mind-set. This suggested that children with a growth mind-set were paying more attention to their mistakes, the researchers said. What’s more, children with such a mind-set were more likely to improve their accuracy on the task after they made a mistake, compared with children who had a fixed mind-set, the study showed.
The study also found that children with a fixed mind-set could still improve their accuracy on the task, but only if they paid close attention to their mistakes.
The findings may have some practical implications for parents and teachers.
“It is seemingly natural reaction to comfort children when they make mistakes, but some ways of doing this may distract children from learning from their mistakes,” the researchers said. Instead of shying away from children’s mistakes, parents and teachers could offer this advice, “Mistakes happen, so let’s try to pay attention to what went wrong and figure it out.” Schroder said.
29．What may the kids with growth mind-set think of their intelligence
A．It is unpredictable. B．It is not set in stone.
C．It is fixed. D．It is accurate in mind.
30．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the study
A．Its results. B．Its process.
C．Its participants. D．Its comparison.
31．What can we say about the kids with a fixed mind-set
A．They believe they can get smarter if working hard.
B．They can never improve their accuracy after making a mistake.
C．They have a bigger brain response according to their brain activity.
D．They can also be accurate in tasks if changing their attitude to mistakes.
32．What is the best title for the text
A．Unavoidable Mistakes B．Ways to Correct Mistakes
C．Concentrating on Mistakes D．Benefits of growth mind-set
The first heart that Tal Goldsworthy, a British engineer, repaired was his own. And his efforts do not only save his life but also bring hope to those who are faced with the same situation.
Golesworthy was born with a condition called Marfan’s syndrome, a genetic disorder that causes problems with eyes, skeleton, and in Tal’s case, his heart. In 1993, when he was told he needed life-saving heart surgery, he said no. “The operation really didn’t look attractive,” says Golesworthy. What he particularly didn’t like was having to be on blood thinners after the operation, something that would prevent blood vessel (血管) blocks but present some other risks; “I was riding motorbikes then, and skiing, so my whole lifestyle would have been affected.”
By 2000, however, his condition had worsened. Realizing something had to be done, Golesworthy put his years of experience as research-and-development engineer to good use. He decided he would fix himself. “Learning new stuff and developing new ideas, that was my job,” Golesworthy says.
So Golesworthy devoted himself to searching for a way that could solve his problem. Following his novel way, Golesworthy subjected himself to 30 hours in an MRI scanner, used 3D printing to create a physical copy of the faulty part of his heart and then used soft textile mesh (网状物) to make a sleeve to fit around it.
Eventually, his determination coupled with the original yet practical solution won him the support of two leading surgeons and helped him raise the money to develop his idea. In May 2004, at the age of 47, he became the subject for his own invention, the ExoVasc Personalised External Aortic Root Support (PEARS). The operation was a success. It has since been used by surgeons in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Czech Republic, New Zealand, Australia, and the Netherlands.
“When you’re as motivated as I was,” Golesworthy says, “you make things happen.”
33．Why did Tal refuse the heart operation in 1993
A．It would take up too much time. B．It would make him quit his job.
C．It would prevent him enjoying his hobbies. D．It would cost too much money.
34．What encouraged Tal to think about fixing himself initially
A．His working experience as an engineer. B．His knowledge of medicine.
C．His keen desire to learn new things. D．His surgeon friends.
35．What kind of person is Tal
A．Pessimistic and active. B．Brave and stubborn.
C．Aggressive and humorous. D．Professional and determined.
36．What is the text mainly about
A．A man saving himself through his own efforts.
B．The story how PEARS was spread to the world.
C．The importance of taking care of heart health.
D．Ways for people to fix heart problems on their own.
Qatar World Cup Stadiums
For the 2022 World Cup, Qatar has gone all out to build and rebuild eight breathtaking stadiums. All of them are located in its capital Doha and the neighbouring cities, and will host 32 teams in 64 matches. The average capacity (容量) of the stadiums is as high as over 53,000.
Qatari officials made a budget that they may need to pay up to $10 billion to complete the stadiums for this World Cup, but they have managed to get it done for less. The cost for all eight World Cup stadiums stands at around $6.5 billion.
All the stadiums are powered by solar-panel farms, and, given Qatar’s hot climate, their cooling systems have been particularly designed. In fact, Qatar’s devotion to sound environmental practices has earned all the stadiums four or five stars from the Global Sustainability Assessment System. It’s also very impressive.
Here are four stadiums of the eight modern marvels.
Al Bayt Stadium
Location: Al Khor. Cost: $847 million. Capacity:60,000.
Matches planned: Opening match and all matches through to the semi-finals.
Khalifa International Stadium
Location: Aspire. Cost: $374 million. Capacity: 40,000.
Matches planned: Group matches, round of 16, and play off for third place game.
Lusail Stadium
Location: Lusail. Cost: $767 million. Capacity: 80,000.
Matches planned: Until the final match.
Stadium 974
Location: Ras Abu Aboud. Cost: Unknown. Capacity: 40,000.
Matches planned: Group matches and round of 16.
37．How much do all eight Qatar World Cup stadiums cost to complete
A．$767 million. B．$10 billion. C．$847 million. D．about $6.5 billion.
38．In which city is the final match of 2022 World Cup held
A．Al Khor. B．Aspire. C．Lusail. D．Ras Abu Aboud.
39．What do all the listed stadiums have in common
A．They hold the same number of audience. B．They are environmentally friendly.
C．They are of the same size and design. D．They are far away from the capital Doha.
Procrastination is one of the world’s worst time sucks: You have so much that you need to do, but when it comes to actually sitting down and getting it done, it seems basically impossible. But what if I told you that the opposite of procrastination, a phenomenon called pre-crastination, could be just as bad A new study conducted by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently tackled the topic of pre-crastination — and it turns out that it could be a huge problem for many of us. If you’re wondering how the opposite of procrastination could be a negative thing, it’s because it means we’re completing tasks just for sake of completing them. Pre-crastination refers to the desire to do things immediately, but only to alleviate the anxiety surrounding leaving a particular task undone.
Let me give you an example: Say that you have to respond to an email. In your hurry to get the unread email out of your inbox, you make a bunch of spelling and grammar errors in your response because you typed it out so quickly. That would be an example of pre-crastination. I know that in my own life, I like to get through the easy tasks on my to-do list first, since they can be checked off more quickly, making me feel a lot more accomplished in the process. I just thought I was prioritizing, but I now know that this is an example of pre-crastinating the easy tasks just so I could say I got them done, while simultaneously procrastinating the more tedious tasks I left at the bottom of my list.
The discovery of pre-crastination leads to many kinds of questions about behavior. Now it seems that we have to not only worry about putting things off unnecessarily, but also doing things too quickly or completing easy tasks first just so that we can get them done.
The researchers touched on this in their article, published in Scientific American, in which they advise avoiding procrastination and pre-crastination by dividing your large tasks into smaller ones. That way, you can get through seemingly difficult tasks, but also avoid sliding through all of the simple ones first. I know that I’ll definitely be more careful when it comes to how I organize my to-do lit from now on.
40．Which of the following things would you do if you suffered from pre-crastination
A．Prioritize the most difficult tasks.
B．Try to beat the midnight deadline.
C．Finish tasks at once with mistakes unchecked.
D．Do nothing despite piles of matters to deal with.
41．How can we best describe the person with pre-crastination
A．Anxious and impatient. B．Ambitious and organized.
C．Lazy and casual. D．Strict and responsible.
42．What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean in the 2nd paragraph
A．Valuable. B．Exhausting. C．Enjoyable. D．Tough.
43．What can we learn from the passage
A．Pre-crastination is as severe as procrastination.
B．A person with procrastination will not suffer from pre-crastination.
C．We should ignore simple tasks and put our heart and soul into difficult ones.
D．The author doesn’t think it’s necessary to break tasks down and reschedule them.
When imagining libraries, a quiet, well-lighted, and clean surroundings will automatically pop out in your head. However, the list of libraries you’re about to see are absolutely out of this mold. Some of them might not be ideal places to read, but I would definitely enjoy visiting them.
The Biblioburro: Delivering Books Via Donkey — Columbia
Biblioburro (the name of the library) is being operated by Luis Soriano, a primary school teacher during his spare time. Witnessing kids wearing a genuine smile each time he visits their villages in rural Colombia would surely warm anybody’s heart. Using two donkeys, Alfa and Beto to carry loads of books, Soriano spends four hours on each trip just to reach those remote places.
Biblioteca Sandro Penna — Perugia, Italy
Nope, that’s not an alien ship you are staring at. It’s not a pink bubblegum candy designed by hello kitty, either! That’s a power house of books providing library services for the people of Perugia, Italy. It features rose colored glass walls designed to let sunlight in during daytime and at night it creates a rare glow. The Architect who designed it, Italo Rota, made the three-story disc to exude (显现) an appearance of an alien flying saucer.
The Kenyan Camel Library: Serving Nomadic Populations — Kenya
The camels carry books and some camping gear. Traveling librarians need a place to rest after a long journey across the desert. The caravan (露营车) caters to nomadic communities which are mostly illiterate due to lack of access to books. The Kenya National Library Service unleashed the program in 1985.
Epos Book Boat: Floating Books In The Fjords
In the Fjords, a book boat known as Epos travels to more than 250 small communities on islands every year between September and April. On board the vessel are some 6, 000 volumes, a couple of librarians, a cook and a captain. During summertime, the boat/library turns into a leisure cruise ferry. It all started in 1959, and is funded by the libraries of the three counties it serves.
44．What do The Biblioburro and The Kenyan Camel Library have in common
A．They are mobile libraries. B．They are intended for children.
C．They are set up by individuals. D．They are animal-themed.
45．What is SPECIAL about Biblioteca Sandro Penna
A．It draws inspiration from an alien.
B．It employs natural sunlight.
C．It is designed by a powerful architect.
D．It is made of colorful glass.
46．Which library will you choose if you want to read books on the water
A．The Biblioburro. B．Biblioteca Sandro Penna.
C．The Kenyan Camel Library. D．Epos Book Boat.
Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother named Vincent. Though Kieron spent years thinking about him, he could never track him down.
That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an Ancestry DNA test as a Christmas gift. Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva (唾液) sample in for analysis. When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.
“This is going to sound so wild...but I think you’re my brother,” Kieron wrote on Facebook’s Messenger app. “I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date. Her name is Shawn.”
“This is crazy,” said Vincent.
The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. More surprisingly, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects : political science and legal studies.
Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.
“She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.
Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week.
One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and that he’d grown up in a loving family.
Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more. They play football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship until it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”
47．What contributes most to the brothers’ reunion
A．A conversation on Facebook.
B．An Ancestry DNA test.
C．Kieron’s constant tracking on Vincent.
D．The adoptive parents’ selfless love.
48．What do we know about Kieron
A．He used to be one of Vincent’s classmates.
B．He was separated from Vincent when he was born.
C．He was placed for adoption for the sake of his future.
D．He decided to return to his birth family.
49．What was Kieron Graham’s attitude towards his birth family
A．Hateful. B．Indifferent. C．Affectionate. D．Understanding.
50．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Power of Ancestry DNA Test
B．The Discovering of a Lost Brother
C．The Adoption by a Loving Family
D．The Bond Between Kieron Graham and His Brother
A worldwide problem has long caught people’s attention: student loan (贷款) debt. In America, the country’s overall student debt reached a record of $1.6 trillion in 2019. The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000. A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010. Similar conditions exist in Africa and South America.
Several factors account for high student loan debt. One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers, making higher education a requirement for many jobs. The students, however, after graduation, often find that their country’s economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.
To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways. Australia has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least $40,000 a year. In America, several candidates running for president in the 2020 election have offered more extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.
Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt forgiveness might be. They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers’ lives. Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.
Yet the professors’ research doesn’t include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven. It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers. They warn of some other possible negative effects. If a borrower knew that if he ran into any trouble he would be saved because he could get the debt relief, then he might actually become more reckless (轻率的) with his borrowing in the future.
No matter what, the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some student debt relief, the neediest students should be helped first.
51．What causes students unable to pay back the loan
A．High financial needs. B．Realistic economic situation.
C．Rising need for skilled workers. D．Requirement for higher education.
52．Which of the following best describes the debt relief in Australia
A．Extreme. B．Welcome. C．Conditional. D．Impractical.
53．What might be a possible result of the debt relief
A．Borrowers will lead a better life.
B．The country’s economy will be boosted.
C．The loan problem will be forever solved.
D．Borrowers will care more about future borrowing.
54．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Debt relief is a double-edged sword.
B．Student loan debt is helpful to all in need.
C．Growing global student debt inspires search for solutions.
D．Student loan debt will become a serious concern worldwide.
In the past, the imported makeups(化妆品)shelves in Japan’s department stores were usually dominated(主导)by South Korean makeups. As “Chiborg boom”—Chinese-style makeup becomes popular on social media, Chinese makeups start to make inroads in Japan.
The term “Chiborg” is a Japanese-made word, which is a combination of “China” and “cyborg”, referring to a Chinese beauty so perfect and inhuman that looks like a cyborg. In the eyes of Japanese young women, “Chiborg” usually uses bright colors reminding China’s classical Peking Opera, with a focus on eyes and lips to create a sharp and chiseled(轮廓分明的)look. While Japanese-style makeup always centers around cute and innocent features, Chinese-style makeup gives an appearance that is more elegant, cool and mature.
“Chiborg” began to attract the attention of Japanese young women around 2019, when abundant information on Chinese-style makeup has been circulating on Twitter and Instagram. It spread even more after tutorial videos of Chinese-style makeup were being posted on You-Tube.
Emilin, a Japanese girl who shares information on fashion on YouTube, posted a video on “Chiborg” and harvested more than 2 million views in January this year.
Another blogger called “Shikanoma” explained the unique charm(魅力)of “Chiborg.” “Chinese-style makeup expresses the inner strength and confidence of a person and it feels new. I think the concept of a ‘cool woman’ is becoming widespread in Japan nowadays. I also desire to be a strong-willed woman,” she said.
According to Yueko Nishihara, research planner at Japanese makeup and cosmetics portal site @cosme, nowadays Japanese women tend to emphasize the emotional value of makeups, such as “I am happy to have it” or “It is fun to use”.
Furthermore, Chinese makeups are gradually shaking off the stereotype of cheap, low-quality products, said Saya Hayashi, CEO of Japan Functional Cosmetic Laboratory Co. Ltd. “A few years ago, it was thought that Chinese makeups were mainly aimed at middle and low-income groups, but in the last year or two, there has been an increase in high-price, high-quality makeups, attracting office ladies and high-income customers,” she said.
55．What can we learn from “Chiborg boom”
A．Korean-style makeups become popular in Japan.
B．Japanese-style makeups become popular in Korea.
C．Chinese-style makeups become popular in Japan.
D．Peking Opera makeups become popular in Korea.
56．How does a woman look when using Japanese-style makeups
A．Innocent. B．Elegant. C．Cool. D．Mature.
57．Why does “Shikanoma” think “Chiborg” attracts Japanese young women
A．It makes them sense upset. B．It makes them feel confident.
C．It makes them get fame. D．It makes them post more videos.
58．What can we learn about Chinese makeups from the last paragraphs
A．They are for low-income customers. B．They used to be expensive.
C．They aim at middle-income people. D．They are for high-income people.
Photography has been my passion ever since I was old enough to pick up a camera, but today I want to share with you the 15 most treasured photos of mine, and I didn’t take any of them. There were no art directors, no stylists, no chance for re shoots, not even any regard for lighting. In fact, most of them were taken by random tourists.
My story begins when I was in New York City for a speaking engagement, and my wife took this picture of me holding my daughter on her first birthday. We’re on the corner of 57th and 5th. We happened to be back in New York exactly a year later, so we decided to take the same picture.
Approaching my daughter’s third birthday, my wife said, “Hey, why don’t you take Sabina back to New York and make it a father-daughter trip ” This is when we started asking passing tourists to take the picture.
You know, it’s remarkable how universal the gesture is of handing your camera to a total stranger. No one’s ever refused, and luckily no one’s ever runoff with our camera.
Back then, we had no idea how much this trip would change our lives. It’s really become sacred to us. This one was taken just weeks after 911, and I found myself trying to explain what had happened that day in ways a five-year-old could understand.
So, these photos are far more than a specific trip.They’re also ways for us to freeze time and reflect on our times and how we change from year to year, and not just physically, but in every way. Because while we take the same photo, our views change, and she reaches new milestones, and I get to see life through her eyes, and how she interacts with and sees everything. This very focused time we get to spend together is something we treasure and expect the entire year. One of the most important things we all make is memories.
So, I want to share the idea of taking an active role in consciously creating memories. I want to encourage everyone today to get in the shot, and don’t hesitate to go up to someone and ask, “Will you take our picture Thank you.”
59．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To encourage us to take photos.
B．To inform us of the author’s life.
C．To introduce the topic of the passage.
D．To tell us the skills of photography.
60．Why did the author’s wife suggest a father-daughter trip
A．Their daughter’s coming third birthday.
B．Their attending a speaking engagement.
C．Their asking passers-by to take photos.
D．Their appreciation for strangers’ help.
61．What does the underlined part probably mean
A．These photos were taken by strangers.
B．These photos carry valuable memories.
C．These photos show just a usual trip.
D．These photos were expensively taken.
62．What is the author’s attitude in the passage
A．Disapproving. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Fearful.
A spoonful of pickles (榨菜) can sometimes make a meal taste way better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickled vegetables”. It refers to the videos which people watch while eating. And these videos will make their food more delicious.
The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100,000 people participated in the discussion. Instead of being accompanied by friends and family during a meal, many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is tastier with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect your diet According to a research paper published in 2019, you may eat more unconsciously. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines and without distraction. After analyzing their diets, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased caloric ingestion (卡路里摄入) by about 15 percent.
To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people：one group ate while listening to an audio clip about another person eating and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate less since they were more focused on their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be –distracted, which leads to eating more than expected.
This works not only for eating meals but other demanding tasks as well. A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention tick many participants into overeating. The team invited 120 participants to do various tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel,” one of the authors Martin Yeomans explained.
63．What are digital pickles according to the first paragraph
A．Vegetables which are made at home.
B．Videos that make people eat more.
C．Nice pickles young people prefer.
D．Audio clips that teach people to cook.
64．What does the second paragraph tell us about digital pickles
A．They are not accepted. B．They are being tested.
C．They are very popular. D．They are very delicious.
65．In which column of a magazine may we read this passage
A．Events. B．Technology. C．Food. D．Research.
66．What would be the best title for this passage
A．Learn to Cook Digital Pickles B．Pickles Ready to Sell
C．Digital Pickled “Vegetables” D．Pickles Nice to Eat
At Serious Readers we understand that the creative mind requires many factors to function properly.
Creativity and inspiration can often strike when we least expent it, and disappear rapidly when we feel we most need it. Inspiration demands attention, at any hour of the day; that’s why Serious Lights use a special technology that allows us to closely replicate (模拟) natural daylight and bring it indoors. This means that wherever you are, and whatever time it is, you can write like you are bathed in a pool of natural sunshine.
“Read a thousand books, and your words will flow like a river.”— Lisa See
Every author will tell you that the key to becoming a skilled writer is to devote yourself to reading. Reading develops your vocabulary, teaches you narrative structure, and provides a window to worldviews beyond your own. Time spent in front of a page is important for any hopeful wordsmith, and the longer you read, the better prepared you are to write. But many people struggle with reading for long periods of time. They experience blurred vision, headaches, hard concentrating and sore or dry eyes. These are symptoms of what is commonly known as eyestrain (视疲劳). A Serious Light works with your eyes to reduce these symptoms and allow you the freedom to read and write for as long as you desire.
“A writer is a world trapped in a person.”— Victor Hugo
Books often provide us with a sense of freedom. The common phrase “get lost in a book” indicates the sensation of allowing the world around you to fade away while the words on the page become a world inside your head. That feeling of freedom shouldn’t be hampered by tired and sore eyes. Most readers spend the majority of their time under some form of artificial light. This is where the problem starts. Most artificial light sources are not designed with your eyes in mind and will cause your eyes to overstrain and become tired and annoyed much faster. With a Serious Light you will experience sharper text, vivid colour, and breathtaking clarity, allowing you to read and write for as long as you desire.
67．What is the second paragraph mainly talk about
A．The advantage of creativity. B．The advantage of inspiration.
C．The function of Serious Lights. D．The function of natural sunshine.
68．What does Lisa See’s words indicate
A．The importance of reading. B．The method to write a book.
C．The future of their products. D．The ways to be a wordsmith.
69．What does the underlined word “hampered” most probably mean
A．Explained. B．Directed. C．Satisfied. D．Influenced.
70．What will the text most probably talk about next
A．Recommend Serious Lights products. B．Offer directions of reading.
C．Introduce some books on Serious Lights. D．Refer to benefits from reading.
Pacing behind his cow barn, David Haakenson looks out over the farm where his family has lived since 1989.
Today, it’s surrounded by water from the Snoqualmie River.
Haakenson was 4 years old in 1989, when his family moved to what is now Jubilee Farm in Carnation. Last year, he and his wife Kristin bought the business and property to farm.
The farm saw a big flood in 1990, and several more since. But in the last year, there have been at least five, with two just in the last week.
“I think it’s a unique experience in the history of the farm.”
This most recent event is a problem, but it’s more troublesome than destruction. It’s winter, so the crops aren’t in. The animals are safely gathered on higher ground. The equipment is out of harm’s way too. October was a different story.
So, aside from the fact that his family has been there since he was in preschool, why farm in a floodplain
“There’s really no place left in King County to farm on a bigger scale,” he said. “River valleys make good farm land. The soil is rich. We can go out and plow (犁) and spade and plant vegetables and we’ll never hit a rock.”
Farmers here plan for floods, but not this many and not this intense. Haakenson says he watches flood gauges (测算) “religiously” , and is impressed with the amount of information he can get, and the predictions meteorologists (气象学家) are now able to make.
A local nonprofit, the Snoqualmie Valley Preservation Alliance, is hoping to give farmers like him even more information. They’ve placed their own gauges in the Snoqualmie River, and connected them to a website where farmers and others can check the river levels.
And Haakenson has ideas about what might be responsible for the more frequent flooding, and he wishes there would be more studies to explore the impacts of development, especially on those downriver.
“I have a really hard time sleeping when the water’s coming up,” he said. “When you make your living off a piece of ground, it’s really hard to sleep when it feels like it’s in danger.”
71．What can we infer about the farm in October
A．Pumpkins float away. B．The animals are still safe.
C．The crops aren’t washed away. D．Farmers leave the farm separately.
72．According to paragraph 4, what does the author want to show
A．Flooding is becoming usual. B．Valley farm has rich water.
C．Rivers valley has good farm land. D．Valley farmers like to count flooding.
73．How does David Haakenson look forward to the future of farm
A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Desperate. D．Energetic.
74．Why does Haakenson have difficulty sleeping in the last paragraph
A．Because he hated the flooding. B．Because he was too frightened to sleep.
C．Because he was concerned about the farm. D．Because he was worried about his safety.
There is a dangerous view in today’s society, and it is a restriction to happiness, success, and growth. The view states that human beings are inner fragile (内在脆弱) and that the only way to be happy and successful in life is to protect oneself by avoiding misfortune.
Not only are those statements false, but the actions we take believing them-to be “protective” also usually limit happiness and even stop personal and professional growth. Take sports as an example, seldom do those who play the game of life not to lose ever really win.
Rather than fear and try to avoid all misfortune, perhaps we should accept the misfortune and the occasional crises in life and prepare for them. As a muscle grows stronger with stress, so can people, teams, organizations, even communities. Crisis reveals true strength.
Sports psychologists Fletcher and Sarkar have studied Olympic gold medal winners. They conclude, “Indeed, most of the participants argued that if they had not experienced certain types of stressors at specific times, including highly demanding misfortunes, they would not have won their gold medals.”
Psychologists Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun created the term “posttraumatic growth.” They describe it as the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of highly challenging life crises. It is shown in a variety of ways, including an increased appreciation for life in general, more meaningful interpersonal relationships, an increased sense of personal strength, changed priorities, and a richer existential and spiritual life.
The remarkable success stories that can arise after moments of great challenge and failure are countless. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create a light bulb filament (灯丝) that would light and burn in a consistent manner, but finally created the world’s first practical light bulb. Harland Sanders developed the brand Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in his 60s while recovering from a failed career as a lawyer. There are thousands of other lesser-known people, whose lives are characterized by key moments of great recovery from difficulty. Let us understand that growth arises from challenge and even failure. The myth of fragility and overprotection keeps us all from realizing our full potential.
75．What does the “dangerous view” say about people
A．People are born shy. B．People are afraid of misfortune.
C．People want wealth. D．People are often in need of help.
76．What is the author’s opinion about misfortune
A．It’s a must in life and the more, the better.
B．It mostly comes from our fragile inner heart.
C．It’s often met by world famous sports stars.
D．It should be treated with the right attitude.
77．What does the two psychologists’ term imply
A．A failed life is not worth living at all.
B．People need always lead a worriless life.
C．Positive changes will occur after crises.
D．Try not to express our opinions in public.
78．Why are the stories of Thomas Edison and Harland Sanders inspiring
A．They made great inventions. B．They got remarkable support.
C．They didn’t easily give up. D．They restricted their potential.
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，狗能理解人类的意图，可以区分人类的故意行为和意外行为。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Now, the close social bond between humans and dogs is well established, but researchers have a limited understanding of whether and how dogs comprehend human intent. To see if pet dogs can distinguish between intentional and accidental actions by strangers, Christoph V lter at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria and his colleagues ran tests with humans offering dogs food while the animals’ body movements were tracked using eight cameras.”（现在，人类和狗之间的密切社会联系已经建立，但研究人员对狗是否以及如何理解人类意图的了解有限。为了观察宠物狗是否能区分陌生人的故意和意外行为，奥地利维也纳兽医大学的Christoph V lter和他的同事对人类提供狗粮进行了测试，同时使用八台摄像机跟踪动物的身体运动）可知，V lter的研究目的是检测狗是否理解人类的意图。故选D项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“Each dog and human were separated by a transparent plastic panel with holes that a slice of sausage could be passed through. In 96 trials of 48 pet dogs, human participants either teased the dog by holding up and pulling back a treat, or they pretended to clumsily drop the piece of sausage on their own side of the panel before the dog could eat it.”（每只狗和人都被一块透明的塑料板隔开，塑料板上有一片香肠可以穿过的洞。在对48只宠物狗进行的96项试验中，人类参与者要么通过举起并收回食物来取笑狗，要么假装笨拙地把香肠掉在自己的一边，然后狗才能吃掉）可知，第二段主要介绍了研究的方法，通过人类参与者故意掉落香肠的行为来观察狗的反应，以此推断狗是否理解人类的意图。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“The research found that when humans pretended to drop a treat compared with when they intentionally pulled it away, the dogs responded more patiently.”（研究发现，与故意把食物拿走相比，当人类假装放下食物时，狗的反应更耐心）和“Dogs that were teased sat, laid down and backed away the barrier more frequently.”（被逗弄的狗更频繁地坐着、躺下和后退离开障碍物）可知，研究发现，与故意把食物拿走相比，当人类假装放下食物时，狗的反应更耐心，反之，当人类故意把食物拿走时，狗会移动的更频繁。由此可知，当香肠被故意拉开时，狗会移动的更频繁。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段的“To see if pet dogs can distinguish between intentional and accidental actions by strangers, Christoph V lter at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria and his colleagues ran tests with humans offering dogs food while the animals’ body movements were tracked using eight cameras.(为了观察宠物狗是否能区分陌生人的故意和意外行为，奥地利维也纳兽医大学的Christoph V lter和他的同事对人类提供狗粮进行了测试，同时使用八台摄像机跟踪动物的身体运动)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，狗能区分人类的故意和意外行为，由此可知，这篇文章应该是一份科学报告。故选C项。
5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鸟类唱歌技巧是如何形成以及为何鸟类会有口音差异。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“This is why birds have to hear other birds of their own species sing while they are still young, otherwise, they won’t be able to produce much more than a whistle later on. (这就是为什么鸟类必须在它们还小的时候就听到其他同类的鸟唱歌，否则，它们以后就只能发出一声口哨了)”可知，幼鸟通过模仿同类鸟类获得歌唱技能。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“The individual dialects are learnt while the birds are still chicks in the nest—just as children adopt the dialect of their parents. The young birds always sing as well or as badly as their teachers, because the adults on which they model themselves vary in style and talent from region to region. (当小鸟还在巢里的时候，个体的方言就已经学会了——就像孩子们学会了父母的方言一样。雏鸟总是唱得和它们的老师一样好或一样差，因为它们模仿的成年鸟在风格和天赋上因地区而异)”可知，鸟唱歌带口音是因为它们的父母有不同的发音特征。故选C。
7．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The individual dialects are learnt while the birds are still chicks in the nest—just as children adopt the dialect of their parents. (当小鸟还在巢里的时候，个体的方言就已经学会了——就像孩子们学会了父母的方言一样)”以及划线词上文“The young birds always sing as well or as badly as their teachers, because the adults on which they”可知，雏鸟总是唱得和它们的老师一样好或一样差，因为它们模仿的成年鸟在风格和天赋上因地区而异，故划线词意思是“模仿，学榜样”。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Males that master several dialects have a better chance of finding a mate since females prefer mates from the same dialect family. Bird dialects also help to drive evolution, because different songs cause the formation of new sub-species and eventually even completely new species. (掌握多种方言的雄性更容易找到配偶，因为雌性更喜欢来自同一方言家族的伴侣。鸟类的方言也有助于推动进化，因为不同的叫声会导致新的亚种的形成，最终甚至是全新的物种)”可知，鸟类掌握几种方言的好处是促进交配和进化。故选D。
9．B 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要说明了少数高科技公司监控我们的活动，并且在无形中控制着我们的思想和行为的现象。文章举出谷歌的例子，说明科技是如何控制我们思想的，作者对此表示担忧。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Over the past century, more than a few great writers have expressed concern about humanity’s future. In Brave New World(1932), the British author Aldous Huxley pictured a near-perfect society in which unhappiness and aggression had been removed out of humanity through a combination of genetic engineering and psychological conditioning. (在过去的一个世纪里，不少伟大的作家都表达了对人类未来的担忧。在《美丽新世界》（1932）一书中，英国作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎描绘了一个近乎完美的社会，在这个社会中，通过基因工程和心理调节的结合，人类已经消除了不幸和侵略)”以及第二段“It might surprise you to hear this, but these things have already happened. Now we are living in a world in which a handful of high-tech companies are not only monitoring much of our activity, but are also invisibly controlling more and more of what we think, feel, do and say. (听到这些你可能会感到惊讶，但这些事情已经发生了。如今，我们生活在这样一个世界里：少数高科技公司不仅监控着我们的大部分活动，而且还在无形中越来越多地控制着我们的所思、所感、所行、所言)”可推知，作者提到《美丽新世界》这本书是因为了引入话题。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“It gives us exactly the information we are looking for, almost instantly and almost always in the first position of the list after we launch our search—the list of “search results”. And that ordered list is so good, in fact, that about 50 per cent of our clicks go to the top two items, and more than 90 per cent of our clicks go to the 10 items listed on the first page of results. Seconds later, the decision we make or the opinion we form is determined by that short list we are shown, even though we have no idea how the list was generated. (它给我们准确的信息，我们正在寻找，几乎立即，几乎总是在列表的第一个位置后，我们启动我们的搜索——“搜索结果”列表。这个排序列表非常好，事实上，大约50%的点击会点击前两项，超过90%的点击会点击结果第一页列出的10项。几秒钟后，我们做出的决定或形成的观点就由我们看到的短列表决定了，尽管我们不知道列表是如何生成的)”可知，谷歌通过展示它想让我们看到的东西来无形地控制我们。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The technology that now surrounds us is not just a harmless toy; it has also made possible undetectable and untraceable control of entire populations. If we choose to ignore this, we do so at our own risk. (现在我们身边的科技不仅仅是一个无害的玩具；它还使对整个人口的不可检测和不可追踪的控制成为可能。如果我们选择忽视这一点，我们就得自担风险)”可推知，作者在讨论这个问题时听起来是担心的。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It might surprise you to hear this, but these things have already happened. Now we are living in a world in which a handful of high-tech companies are not only monitoring much of our activity, but are also invisibly controlling more and more of what we think, feel, do and say. (听到这些你可能会感到惊讶，但这些事情已经发生了。如今，我们生活在这样一个世界里：少数高科技公司不仅监控着我们的大部分活动，而且还在无形中越来越多地控制着我们的所思、所感、所行、所言)”结合文章举出谷歌的例子，说明科技是如何控制我们思想的，作者对此表示担忧。可知，A选项“新型精神控制”最符合文章标题，故选A。
13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国第一位在太空行走的女航天员 凯西·沙利文又在她的成功清单上增加一个“第一”——她与另一位水下探险者维斯科沃 潜水近11公里到达了世界上海洋最深的地方： Challenger Deep 。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Kathy Sullivan and an underwater explorer named Victor Vescovo dived 10,915 meters below the surface of the Pacific Ocean in a submarine(潜艇), making the 68-year-old ex-astronaut the first woman ever to reach that depth and Vescovo the only person to have dived to the place three times.”（凯西·沙利文和一位名叫维克多·维斯科沃的水下探险家乘坐一艘潜艇潜入了太平洋表面下10915米的地方，这位68岁的前宇航员成为了第一位到达这个深度的女性，而维斯科沃是唯一一个三次潜入这个地方的人。）可知，维斯科沃在沙利文之前潜入过挑战者深渊两次。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because it’s so hard to get down to Challenger Deep, before Dr. Sullivan, only seven people had ever reached it. This time, the two spent about an hour and a half at the bottom, taking pictures of the area to be used for Sullivan’s studies. The time is required to adjust to the changing pressure from the weight of the water above, and it took four hours for the submarine to come back to the surface. After that, they made a phone call to the International Space Station (ISS) to compare ideas with the astronauts about what was similar between their experiences. For Dr. Sullivan, this experience was a “once-in-a-lifetime day”.”（因为很难下到挑战者深渊，在沙利文博士之前，只有七个人到达过那里。这一次，两人在海底待了大约一个半小时，拍摄了沙利文研究用的区域。这需要时间来适应上方水的重量所带来的压力变化，潜艇花了四个小时才回到水面。之后，他们给国际空间站(ISS)打了一个电话，与宇航员比较他们的经历之间的相似之处。对沙利文博士来说，这是“一生只有一次的一天”。）可推知，最能描述沙利文的精神品质是雄心勃勃的。故选A项。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The time is required to adjust to the changing pressure from the weight of the water above, and it took four hours for the submarine to come back to the surface.”（这需要时间来适应上方水的重量所带来的压力变化，潜艇花了四个小时才回到水面。）可知，沙利文和维斯科沃花了四个小时才回到地面是因为他们必须应对水压。故选D 项。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Dr. Sullivan was among the first women to join NASA as an astronaut. In 1984，she took part in a 3.5 hour spacewalk and became the first American woman to take part in activities in space outside of a spacecraft. But she has also intended to contribute something to the ocean. After she left NASA in 1993, she began working for NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) as its chief scientist.”（沙利文博士是第一批加入美国宇航局的女性宇航员之一。1984年，她参加了一次3.5小时的太空行走，成为第一位在宇宙飞船外参加太空活动的美国女性。但她也想为海洋做点什么。1993年离开NASA后，她开始为美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)工作，担任首席科学家。）以及最后一段中“After that, they made a phone call to the International Space Station (ISS) to compare ideas with the astronauts about what was similar between their experiences. For Dr. Sullivan, this experience was a “once-in-a-lifetime day”.”（之后，他们给国际空间站(ISS)打了一个电话，与宇航员比较他们的经历之间的相似之处。对沙利文博士来说，这是“一生只有一次的一天”。）可知，本文主要谈到了：沙利文博士在航天领域做出了贡献，退役后，又为 NOAA 工作，并潜水到世界上海洋最深的地方做科研。“从太空到海洋深处”最能概括她的经历。故选C项。
17．C 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在以色列发生的游轮漏油事件对当地的野生动物产生了很大影响。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The floating oil can form tar balls as it is pushed by wind and waves on the ocean’s surface. After a violent storm, the tar balls were seen ashore.( 漂浮的石油在海面上被风和波浪推动时会形成焦油球。在一场猛烈的风暴之后，人们看到焦油球在岸上)”可知，焦油球是被风暴冲到了岸上，故选C项。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Experts are working together to review satellite images(图像)of ships that passed through the area, and they have a list of about 10 ships that are the most likely ones to leak out.( 专家们正在共同审查通过该地区的船只的卫星图像，他们列出了大约10艘最有可能泄漏的船只)”可知，大约10艘最有可能造成泄漏事故，可推理出事故船只