2023届山东高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
Sometimes people can find new interest in old things. For me, it was discovering a love for ballet more than 15 years after I first started training.
My parents put me in ballet classes as a young girl and I just sort of kept going. I don’t know I had any particular passion for it. I quitted. It felt like I was slowly closing a chapter in my life, with no particular sorrow about the matter.
Years later, something, maybe boredom, led me to a decision to start classes at a studio, where I met a group of middle-aged ballet lovers, all of them starting ballet as adults.
Stepping into the ballet studio again unearthed a whole set of unexpected feelings. I wasn’t strong or flexible enough to accomplish moves that used to be second nature. I had to stop to adjust my breath after each combination in the center. Mostly, I felt ashamed. But those women cheered me on. The longer I watched them in class, the more I was moved. This was the point staring me right in the face—it didn’t matter; they just loved to dance. Their passion for ballet helped me see it in a new light. It didn’t need to be competitive; it was something people did for fun, no matter what their skill level is. Slowly, it began to feel challenging in a good way. I started having fun. I’ve found that when we dance, it’s an exercise in directing our energy to a number of different areas.
When we stepped on stage for our year-end performance, I felt the effects of that sustained attention and my body flowed through well-practiced movements. I was totally lost in bright stage lights and felt the whole world belonged to me. After the performance, one of the audience came to me and remarked, “Wow, I can tell you really like to dance!” I smiled and nodded. It was true.
1．What did the author think of ballet at first
A．It opened a new page in her life.
B．It required great determination.
C．It killed her passion for dance.
D．It made little difference to her.
2．What inspired the author’s interest in ballet
A．Her parents’ encouragement.
B．The easy atmosphere in class.
C．Other dancers’ love for ballet.
D．Modern instruments in the studio.
3．What can best describe the yearend performance
A．Satisfactory. B．Improvable.
C．Regretful. D．Creative.
4．What can be learned from the text
A．Success needs enthusiasm.
B．Passion can be awakened.
C．Talent matters a great deal.
D．Ambition is a key to growth.,
Timothy was exhausted for he worked extended hours. Although earning a low wage and handling ill-mannered customers, he always put serving those who sat are his tables well on the front burner of his mind He went about his daily duties carefully, putting on a smiling face as customers complained about the food or questioned the bill.
Usually as night deepen preparing to close the business, he would notice a couple of customers walk in, sit down and order drinks. Most of the crew had left by closing time, but Timothy stayed to serve. Eventually, the last round was ordered and be gave them the bill. The minimum tip was suggested on the receipt. “Tomorrow will be better,” he murmured.
But luck wouldn’t always smile on him. Evening approaching, a group of teenagers stepped in. Thankfully, they were polite and respectful. Their cheerful behavior began to affect him. As always, he did his best to make their dining experience a pleasant one.
Time dragged on and they finished their drinks. He placed the bill on the table, accompanied with some candies. The group placed their notes on the receipt and left smiling. When he returned to clear the table, he was astonished. A tip of $3 was sitting there, staring at him, but their total bill amounted to $100. He’d gone above and beyond to serve them. How could they be so rude
Later that week, he battled to brush off the awkward memories. He arrived at work and expected it to be like any other day, but there was something left on the desk for him, a two-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached, in which they explained they were unaware of how to tip appropriately due to it being their first time in this bar. Everything suddenly made sense.
Timothy thumbed up what they did with a big grin and he was so moved by their gesture that he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts. The reaction was more than positive.
5．What did Timothy focus on in his job
A．Getting more tips. B．Working longer hours
C．Providing better service. D．Being a nicer colleague.
6．What made the teenagers leave a tip of $3
A．Dissatisfaction with the drinks. B．Ignorance of the tipping culture.
C．Gratefulness to Timothy. D．Misunderstanding of the bill.
7．Which of the following best describes Timothy
A．Patient and humorous. B．Positive and devoted.
C．Generous and tolerant. D．Ambitious and creative.
8．What can we learn from the teenagers
A．One good turn deserves another. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Apologies make for harmony. D．It’s good to make things right.
We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier — such as sauces, and frozen pizza — isn’t good for our health. Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.
“While in need of further study, the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases,“ said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They, are, very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging. Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut,” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’
The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries,” said coauthor Dr. Suemoto. Ultra-processed foods are defined as ”industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives“ according to the study.
“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who not,” said study coauthor Natalia. Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.
“People need to know they should cook more,” Suemoto said. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain,” she added.
9．What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Convincing. B．Surprising. C．Suspicious. D．Invaluable.
10．What do we know from the passage
A．Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.
B．Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.
C．Tanzi is the first to find the problem with Ultra-processed foods.
D．Brazilians’calorie intake is not different from most westerners.
11．Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods
A．An old beggar. B．A heavy smoker. C．A young professor. D．A low-income man.
12．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.
B．Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.
C．Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.
D．Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.
What defines us If pressed, I would answer that if there is any part of me that sits at my core, then surely it must be my moral center, my deep-seated sense of right and wrong.
And I often feel that I’m a slightly different person in each language I speak — more determined in English, more relaxed in French, and more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral guidelines also point in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using
In a research led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “train problem”: Imagine that a train is charging at five people standing on the track, unable to move. The only way to stop the train and spare the five people is push another stranger off a footbridge into its path. Costa and his colleagues found that posing the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as foreign tongue dramatically increased their willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% respondents using their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
In another research conducted by Janet Greipel, volunteers read acts that many people find immoral, such as stories where someone cooked and ate his dog after it had been Keadby car. Those who read the stories in a foreign language perceived these actions less wrong than those who read them in their native tongue.
The difference in this judgment comes down to two separate and competing thinking patterns — one of these, a quick and direct feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the largest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our no-native language activates our cognitive system. This is similar to findings that reading math problems in a hard-to-read typeface (字体) makes people less likely to make careless mistakes.
13．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．He invests time in studying language. B．He perceives languages differ slightly.
C．He ignores the role of moral concepts. D．He thinks languages relate to morals.
14．How did the author prove his viewpoint
A．By carefully citing examples. B．By collecting and listing data.
C．By conducting experiments. D．By analyzing people’s habits.
15．Why are “math problems” mentioned
A．To justify a thinking pattern. B．To present a new finding.
C．To clarify the cognitive system. D．To warn against making mistakes.
16．What’s a suitable title for the passage
A．Morality. The Core of People B．Languages: Insights into Judgments
C．Languages: A Shaping Power to Morality D．Morality: A New Way to Learn Languages
The most innovative libraries around the world
Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the shelves and settle down with a new book, or use roving libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations. No matter how they achieve it, these novel libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.
Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria)
Reading a book on the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourist to do just that. The white, weather resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf feature 6,000 books in 15 languages so every visitor can find the perfect read to enjoy while bathed in the sunshine.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To fight low literacy rates in the desert of Kenya, the government created a movable library composed of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the region. Currently the service focuses on children, but with more funding they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the titles they carry.
Seikei University Library (Tokyo, Japan)
Libraries are usually known for their quiet atmosphere, but this one encourages conversation. The library was designed with space-age, free-standing sound proofed pods (吊舱) to respect those who need uninterrupted study, while also being beneficial to other methods of learning; they serve as perfect spots for study groups and lively discussions.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A surprising combination of cutting-edge and sustainable, this building, featuring a green roof, was made from recycled and designed to imitate the look of a eucalyptus tree. It is also state of the art, using robots to bring requested books to the front desk.
17．Who is more likely to visit the Camel Library
A．The government officials. B．Kids in the desert of Kenya
C．The local villagers in the region. D．Fundraisers of this service.
18．What makes Seikei University Library different from other libraries
A．Its quiet reading atmosphere. B．Its unique design of space-age.
C．Its freedom of lively discussions. D．Its weather resistant shelves.
19．Which library is a good example of going green
A．Beach Library. B．The Camel Library Service
C．Seikei University Library. D．Macquarie University Library
Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the “dream bird that hatches the egg of experience”. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued. Viewing mindlessly through attention-grabbing posts and videos prevents “profound (深层的) boredom” that can drive people on to new passions or skills. Instead, people find themselves in a state of “superficial boredom”, which does not motivate creative thought.
Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said, “The problem we observed was that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time and energy, and may prevent people progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover new passions. Profound boredom may sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive if people are given the chance for undisturbed thinking and development.
Researchers interviewed 15 people during the pandemic (流行病), when boredom was more likely because of restrictions. Many described being trapped in regularly daily walks and watching television, with many turning to social media to pass the time. But although the participants said that social media provided a temporary escape from superficial boredom, it also appeared to exacerbate it, leaving them feeling they had wasted their time.
The pandemic was a painful and consuming experience for thousands of less fortunate people. But there are stories of those in lockdown who found new hobbies, careers or directions in life. Switching off devices could help people reach the state of boredom which pushes them on to new hobbies or achievements.
This research has given us a window to understand how the “always-on”, 24/7 culture and devices that promise an abundance of information and entertainment may be fixing our superficial boredom but are actually preventing us from finding more meaningful things.
20．Why are Walter Benjamin’s words mentioned
A．To call for attention to the research on boredom.
B．To comment on the strategies to face loneliness.
C．To offer advice on developing creative thinking.
D．To clarify the problem caused by social media.
21．Which of the following may Dr Timothy Hill agree
A．Profound boredom is of value.
B．Social media can fuel passions.
C．The research has some limitations.
D．Creative thought is easily disturbed.
22．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Avoid. B．Break.
C．Inspire. D．Worsen.
23．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Why people enjoy boredom
B．How boredom helps kill time
C．Why being bored may be good for you
D．How social media blocks creative ideas
For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway with the wind on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life.
Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and produce the airbags jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps to prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the fabric help protect the rider if he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the motorcycle.
Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt and a complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.
24．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1
A．To show the popularity of motorcycles. B．To stress the necessity of airbags jeans.
C．To state the importance of wearing helmets. D．To display the excitement of highway riding.
25．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．The tailbone injuries are hard to identify.
B．Airbags offer overall protection for riders.
C．Mo cycle is famous for airbag design and production.
D．The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology.
26．What is a feature of airbag jeans
A．They lead a new fashion trend. B．They are comfortable to wear.
C．They are quick in response. D．They need fixing regularly.,
27．How does the author feel about the future of the airbag jeans
A．Indifferent. B．Uncertain. C．Promising. D．Curious.
As the forest decreases, Africa has become overly dependent on several tree species. Fortunately, the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project is helping to stop this terrible trend. Choose from Kakum National Park, Shai Hills Resource Reserve or Mole National Park and make a vital contribution to environmental preservation in Ghana.
Quick facts
Programme: Volunteer Ghana Project Site: National parks & reserves
Minimum Duration: 4 weeks Language Requirement: English
Minimum Age: 18 Accommodations: 2 meals daily & Homestay
Working Hours: 7 hours per day Start Dates: Every other Friday
Your role as a volunteer
You will help by maintaining the grounds, constructing or repairing park facilities and assisting with land management projects, as well as directing park visitors, promoting the park’s tourist appeal and raising awareness of environmental issues.
Also help lower the rate of forest decrease and protect the biodiversity within Ghana’s national parks and reserves. Media-loved volunteers may also get involved in park projects related to video creation, photography and image arts.
National parks and reserves volunteers typically work five days, from Monday to Friday. Working hours are from 8 a. m. until 3 p. m... However, schedules and exact duties may vary depending on the park you’re based at, your qualifications, and the time and duration of your stay.
Journey to work
National parks and reserves volunteers are placed with a host family living either in the park or in a village nearby.
Contact us
To get further information, please visit our website at www..
Join the Volunteer National Parks and Reserves Project to do your part for the environment in Ghana.
28．What does the project offer volunteers
A．Free trips across Ghana.
B．Two meals every day.
C．A language course.
D．A 4-week training.
29．What does a volunteer’s job involve
A．Helping ground management.
B．Building more nature reserves.
C．Introducing various tree species.
D．Tearing down old park equipment.
30．What is the project intended to do
A．Stop animals from dying out.
B．Protect Ghana’s environment.
C．Keep the diversity of culture.
D．Collect ecological information.
On a tram smoothly pulling into the heart of Luxembourg City, Marck gives a smile and takes a look at the fabric of the seat next to him. For him, the city’s trams are more than just transport. More even than the focus of his job. They are about transforming his country and, perhaps, changing the world.
Marck is the director general of Luxtram, Luxembourg’s modern trams. It first started running services two years ago. Next year, Luxembourg will become the world’s only country to get rid of fares on all its forms of public transport. Luxembourg’s traffic problems come from its army of workers. The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day, when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.
After three decades when its roads have become so crowded, Luxembourg is going to do something remarkable. Free fares, and a plan to persuade people to switch from cars to trams or trains. Marck, along with many others, is excited to see what happens next. “The fact that this is free means that everyone can use it — young or old, rich or poor,” he said. “Everyone can say to themselves it’s better to leave the car at home. We must continue to improve and extend the network. It must always be comfortable, well-connected, efficient.”
Lydie Polfer, the city’s mayor, says she hopes to reach the point where more than a third of people come into the city using public transport — at the moment, it’s less than one in five. She said, “It’s not practical to ban cars because some people, like the elderly, need them. But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation. There is an expression in German — you are not in the traffic jam — you are the traffic jam, and that is true. I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public transport. ”
31．Why does Marck think the city’s trams are more than just transport
A．The trams are his goal that he strives for.
B．There are more means of transportation than trams.
C．City’s trams bring more changes beyond transport.
D．The trams are the heart of Luxembourg City transport system.
32．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The cause of the traffic problems. B．The means of public transport.
C．The development of running services. D．The increase of working population.
33．What concerns people most when using the public transport
A．The convenience. B．The fare. C．The comfort. D．The efficiency.
34．What can be inferred from what Lydie Polfer said
A．The elderly needn’t use public transport.
B．It’s possible to persuade most people to use the trams.
C．Everyone can do his part to improve transport situation.
D．Those who don’t take public transport cause traffic jams.
Cash Composition Contest
In support of Financial Literacy Month (April), Michigan State University Extension and 4-H, a youth organization, are coordinating (协调) the Cash Composition Contest. Youths residing in Michigan are encouraged to answer this year’s essay question with an essay of 300 words or less. The 5 top-scoring essays will each win a $100 gift card thanks to the generous sponsorship by Extra Credit Union.
Timeline
April 30, 2023: Essay submission due by 11:59 pm
May 31, 2023: Winners notified
Cash Composition Topic
What is the difference between a need and a want Discuss how you determine if something is a need or a want. How can you make sure you have enough money to get your needs and still enjoy some of your wants Share how needs and wants might change throughout one’s life.
Grading Standards
● Quality of Writing
● Organization and Information
● Grammar
Guidelines
Participants must:
● Between 9—12 years of age as of January 1, 2023 living in the state of Michigan.
● Have knowledge of money management such as saving, spending, borrowing, and planning appropriate for age and grade level.
Requirements
● Youths must have parental or guardian permission to apply and participate.
● The application form must be completed by a parent/guardian.
● Youths must write an essay (300 words or less)on the assigned topic above.
● Essays must be submitted on the contest registration page.
● The essay must be the work of the student submitting it. It is highly recommended that youths write their essay prior to completing the registration/submission form.
35．Who will sponsor the contest prizes
A．Michigan State University. B．Extra Credit Union.
C．A local youth organization. D．The state of Michigan.
36．What will be focused on in the entry
A．The changes throughout one’s life.
B．The ways to improve quality of writing.
C．The need for charity management.
D．The discussions on needs and wants.
37．Which will result in disqualification for an applicant
A．Submitting the essay on April 29. B．Writing an essay of 300 words.
C．Filling the application form in person. D．Finishing the essay before registration.
The Book Hive
Norwich
As well as being a favourite of celebrities, this is a front-runner for the nation’s prettiest bookshop, with an expansive glass shopfront and colourful art decorating the walls. It’s home to thousands of hand-selected titles, with an especially impressive art-and-design collection. Owner Henry Layte says, “The Book Hive is like an old-fashioned bookshop, but it’s also contemporary, stylish and fun!”
Mr B’s Reading Emporium
Bath
A huge part of the charm (魅力) of this place is Mr B himself — a former bank trader who gave it all up in 2006 to share his passion for the written word. His enthusiasm must be infectious because his staff are similarly cheerful, handwriting personal notes to the overflowing shelves. “You can drop in anytime,” says one employee. “And we pride ourselves on championing lesser-known titles.”
Barter Books
Northumberland
Under the roof of the Victorian Station lie the free-standing bookshelves, homely carpets and open fires that make up Barter Books. In addition to the thousands of second-hand titles in this bookstore, there are more than 40 glass cases housing rare books. Visitors can also see the Writers Mural-life-size literary figures painted high up on the walls. See if you can spot Charlotte Bronte and Charles Dickens.
Much More Books
Shropshire
Situated in the market town Much Wen lock, Much More Books is the epitome (缩影) of an antiquarian shop. Most surprisingly, historic buildings, an inclusive and well-thumbed collection, and even a book-finder service combine to make you feel as if you’ve stepped back a few centuries. Every type is covered, with lots of local-interest titles thrown in. You can even add to your music collection with their selection of vinyls and CDs.
38．What do The Book Hive and Barter Books have in common
A．They provide second-hand books. B．They are decorated like homes.
C．They have art works on their walls. D．They are favored by big figures.
39．What will impress you most when you enter Much More Books
A．The music CD． B．The ancient style.
C．The rare antique. D．The dynamic staff.
40．What is the text
A．An advertisement for books. B．A collection of book reviews.
C．An introduction to well-known writers. D．A recommendation for famous bookshops.
If you’ve ever learned a new language, you know how difficult it can be. Native languages seem almost built in. But learning a new language, especially after early childhood, can be a huge task, burdened by long vocabulary lists to memorize and troublesome rules to master. Nevertheless, it’s worth the effort.
John Grundy, a scientist at Iowa State University who specializes in languages and the brain, explains that learning a new language causes extensive neuroplasticity (神经塑性) in the brain. In other words, when you learn a new language, your brain gets rearranged, new connections are made and new pathways are formed. “It’s really just a remodeling of the brain that allows it to become more efficient,” Grundy says.
These changes don’t help with just language functions. Chung-Fat-Yim, a post-doctoral researcher at Northwestern University, says they affect the whole executive processing part of the brain, what she calls the CEO of the brain. Bilinguals (双语者) use that area for language control, but also for other purposes such as the ability to plan for future behaviors, monitor and change behavior as needed, and switch between tasks. Being bilingual might also make you a nicer person. The bilingual person has to have an awareness that different people can hold different mental states about the same event. So they are more likely to develop greater empathy (共情).
Having a second language can even help to prevent or at least delay intelligence decline. There is a consistent finding that bilinguals are able to put off symptoms of mental disorders for about four to six years compared to those speaking one language.
If you’re thinking it’s too late, you’re probably wrong. It’s true that young children do more quickly learn whatever language they’re exposed to. But when it comes to adding on a new one, adults aren’t as at much of a disadvantage as you might think. If you practice a lot and bury yourself in the language, you can see the benefits at any age, especially when you get older.
41．What does John Grundy think of picking up a new language
A．It reshapes the brain and improves its efficiency.
B．It indeed lays a heavy burden on learners.
C．It is enough to memorize vocabulary and grammar.
D．It has a negative effect on learners’ native language.
42．What do we know about Bilinguals in paragraph 3
A．They change their behaviors frequently.
B．They may not concentrate on one thing.
C．They are more likely to understand others.
D．They tend to find faults with others’ work.
43．What is vital in acquiring a new language for adults
A．Age.
B．Engagement.
C．Motivation.
D．Strategy.
44．What does the text mainly talk about
A．How learning a language changes your brain.
B．Picking up a new language is a huge challenge.
C．Using more languages means less diseases.
D．How to master a new language effectively.
In the threatening trouble of climate change, growing commercial crops on solar farms is a potentially efficient use of agricultural land that can both increase commercial food production and improve solar panel performance and longevity(寿命), according to a new Cornell research.
“We now have, for the first time, a physics-based tool to estimate the costs and benefits of co-locating solar panels and commercial agriculture in terms of increased power conversion efficiency and solar-pancl longevity, ” said lead author Henry Williams, a doctoral student in Cornell Engineering.
“There is potential for agrivoltaic (农业光伏) systems-where agriculture and solar panels coexist-to provide increased passive cooling through taller panel heights, more reflective ground cover and higher evapotranspiration (蒸散) rates compared to traditional solar farms,” said Max Zhang, professor in the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “We can generate renewable electricity and conserve farmland through agrivoltaic systems.” In New York, for example, about 40% of solar farm capacity has been developed on agricultural lands, while about 84% of land suitable for solar development is agricultural, according to a previous research study from Zhang’s group.
The engineers showed that solar panels mounted over vegetation reveal surface temperature drops compared to those built over bare ground. Solar panels were mounted 4 meters above a cotton crop and the solar panels showed temperature reductions by up to 10 degrees Celsius, compared with those mounted a half-meter above bare soil.
“As you decrease the solar panel operating temperature, you can increase efficiency and improve the longevity of your solar panels, ” said Williams, “We’re showing double benefits. On one hand, you have food production for farmers, and on the other hand, we’ve shown improved longevity and improved conversion efficiency for solar developers.”
“Up to this point, most of the benefits from agrivoltaic systems have been around areas with abundant sunshine, ” said Zhang, “This research is taking a step toward evaluating the application of agrivoltaics in climates representative of the Northeastern U. S. in relaxing the land-use competition it faces.”
45．What does the new Cornell research convey
A．Growing commercial crops can relieve climate change.
B．It’s costly to improve solar panel performance and longevity.
C．Commercial agriculture can increase power conversion efficiency.
D．The coexistence of solar panels and commercial crops is mutually beneficial.
46．Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 3
A．To show the promising future of agrivoltaics.
B．To indicate the lack of solar farms in New York.
C．To tell agricultural lands are based on solar farms.
D．To demonstrate agricultural farms are more developed.
47．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The Northeastern US is rich in agricultural lands.
B．Hot climate zones are ideal for developing agrivoltaics.
C．The research made a breakthrough in land-use competition.
D．The application of agrivoltaics in Northeastern US proved practical.
48．Which is a suitable title for the text
A．Approaches to Tackling World Climate Change
B．Methods of Increasing Agricultural Production
C．Agrivoltaics Have Been Well Received in the US
D．Growing Crops at Solar Farms Generates Higher Efficiency
It’s an unconventional setting. Children of varying ages are reading actively. Seated next to them are teenagers, many of them girls, staring at the Hindi alphabet(字母表)on the blackboard. In charge of this class are three young girls, not much older than their students. But when Tabassum, Tarannum and Rubina, no more than 22, start speaking, you know the difference. Their confidence takes you by surprise.
A little over 10 kilometres from Varanasi lies the village of Sajoi where illiteracy(文 盲)was quite common. It had blocked out modernity until recently, especially when it came to its women. Educating girls was considered pointless, and the possibility of women stepping out of their homes, unthinkable.
Things began to change in 2010 when Human Welfare Association (HWA), identified Sajoi for a planned intervention. HWA set up a centre in Sajoi to offer free education but the villagers needed to be convinced to join in. The organization needed volunteers who valued education. Tabassum, Tarannum and Rubina embraced the opportunity.
After completing their high school education, the girls set out on another important mission-persuading the locals to send their children to schools. “We went knocking at every door, talking to elders, “recalls Rubina. Some villagers asked them to mind their own business. “We didn’t let all this distract our attention from the main goal, ” Rubina says.
The girls honed their approach. They didn’t ask people to stop their children from working, but urged them to send them to schools for an hour or two. Slowly, children started trickling(缓 慢增加)in. Motivational Learning Centre, as the girls call it, is no replacement for school. It is there, in fact, that they create the hunger for knowledge. It also helps school-going children so they don’t lose interest and drop out.
Those who doubted the girls’ intentions now recommend the centre to others. The number of admissions to schools has steadily increased and the dropout rate in Sajoi has fallen.
49．How does the author start the text
A．By describing a typical scene.
B．By comparing different views.
C．By analyzing certain reasons.
D．By providing background information.
50．What was the major obstacle for girls to receive education in Sajoi
A．Most families had a tight budget.
B．They were engaged in working.
C．The locals didn’t value education much.
D．The educational resources were insufficient.
51．What does the underlined word “honed” mean in paragraph 5
A．Abandoned.
B．Explained.
C．Adopted.
D．Improved.
52．What is the purpose of the text
A．To explain the consequences of poor knowledge.
B．To show efforts to fight against illiteracy in India.
C．To reflect on the current educational situation in India.
D．To inform us of the urgent need for the youth to get educated.
Travelling in Paris
The uniform sandstone of the Haussmann buildings, the variety of golden historic monuments, and the attractive Seine and its elegant bridges have arguably made Paris the most recognizable and romanticized cityscape in the world. But though the city wears its history with characteristic style, it is also increasingly looking to the future and outwards to the rest of the world.
Where to go
Those looking to explore the city’s rich heritage can spend long afternoons getting lost in the Louvre or wandering the Orsay Museum, or ducking in and out of Paris’s countless historical churches. For more contemporary tastes, there’s plenty of exploring to be done in the less jam-packed outer regions-from arts venues (场所) on the sloping streets of Belleville to the luxurious hotels and reinvented bars.
When to go
You can come to Paris any time but the atmosphere is quite different at different times of year. Winter is a time for festivals and feasting on games and oysters (牡蛎). Spring and early summer are the time to make the most of city parks and café terraces, with fireworks set off on June 21 and military parade held on July 14. In August the capital slows down and some people love it for the feeling of calm. The autumn renewable activities start with a burst of energy for the new cultural season and big exhibition openings.
What to buy
Choose from one of the tastiest cheese selections in the city at La Fermetteon Rue Montorgueil and vacuum-pack your selection to bring home.
Know before you go
Embassy/Consulate: 0144513100; ukinfrance. fco. gov. uk for passports and most other visitor services.
53．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A geography textbook. B．A travel brochure.
C．An academic paper. D．A science magazine.
54．Which places best suit the youth who enjoy the modern art
A．Historical churches. B．Luxurious palaces.
C．Jam-packed bars. D．Various galleries.
55．In which season could you go to Paris for cultural activities
A．Spring. B．Winter. C．Autumn. D．Summer.
Poet Wadsworth Longfellow said “music is the universal language of mankind”, and there’s growing evidence that he was right. New research shows people with Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆) disease often respond to familiar music or song lyrics, even when their memories and ability to participate in conversation may be flagging.
Jonathan Graff-Radford,Doctor of Medicine,explains on The Mayo Clinic website why this may be: “Musical memories are often preserved in Alzheimer’s patients because key brain areas linked to musical memory are relatively undamaged by the disease.”
When English senior Ted McDermott was diagnosed with Alzheimer in 2016, his son Simon McDermott found Ted became verbally and physically violent as the disease progressed. Grateful for the resources provided by the Alzheimer’s Society, Simon and 80-year-old Ted made videos of their daily car duets (二重唱) for a fundraising ‘‘Singing for the Brain” program in 2019. Truly remarkable,considering that some days Ted didn’t recognize Simon.
The songs brought them to the attention of the public. In just a few months their efforts had considerable success on YouTube, raising over 100,000, and resulting in a contract with Decca Records for 80-year-old Ted. Although Ted has begun to decline a little in the last years, he always remembers the words to his favorite songs and is happy to go with Simon daily in the car to sing. Different music-related programs and projects are offered by the U.K. Alzheimer’s Society organizations. These programs are designed for people with Alzheimer to provide mental stimulation in a supportive social environment.
Social engagement and keeping your brain active, along with a healthy diet and exercising, may seem like obvious good habits to follow for your health in general. They’ve also been proven to be factors in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer.
It’s never too late to start taking care of your body and your brain — so make music appreciation or singing part of the routine of your loved one struggling with Alzheimer. As William Shakespeare said, “If music be the food of love,play on.”
56．What does the underlined word “flagging”mean in paragraph 1
A．Getting worse. B．Doing well.
C．Developing slowly. D．Changing quickly.
57．Why is Dr. Johnathan’s post on the Internet mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To explain the cause of Alzheimer. B．To lead in the main topic of the text.
C．To show the structure of the brain. D．To provide evidence for the research.
58．How has the “Singing for the Brain”program benefited Ted
A．He has learned new life skills. B．He has recovered his memory.
C．He has got enough fund for his disease. D．He has improved the quality of his later life.
59．What is the text mainly about
A．80-year-old Ted defeats Alzheimer’s disease.
B．The power of music for Alzheimer’s patients.
C．Poets inspire Alzheimer’s patients with music.
D．A good habit to follow for your physical health.
The robot watched as Shikhar Bahl opened there frigerator door. It recorded his movements, the swing of the door and more，analyzing this data and readying itself to imitate(模仿)what Bahl had done.It failed at first,missing the handle completely at times, grabbing it in the wrong spot or pulling it incorrectly. But after a few hours of practice, the robot succeeded and opened the door.
“Imitation is a great way to learn,”said Bahl, a Ph.D．student at the Robotics Institute (RI) in Carnegie Mellon University.“Having robots actually learn from directly watching humans remains an unsolved problem in the field,but this work takes a significant step in enabling that ability.”
Bahl worked with Deepak Pathak and Abhinav Gupta, both faculty members in the RI, to develop a new learning method for robots called WHIRL,short for In-the-Wild Human Imitating Robot Learning. WHIRL is an efficient computation program for visual imitation. People constantly perform various tasks in their homes. With WHIRL, a robot can observe those tasks, gather the video data it needs and then go about practicing and learning to accomplish the tasks on its own.
The team added a camera and their software to an off-the-shelf robot,and it learned how to do more than 20 tasks—from opening and closing appliances,cabinet doors and drawers to putting a lid on a pot,pushing in a chair and even taking a garbage bag out of the bin.
Current method for teaching a robot a task typically relies on reinforcement(强化)learning. In reinforcement learning, the robot is typically trained on millions of examples in imitation and then asked to adapt that training to the real world.
This learning model works well when teaching a robot a single task in a structured environment,but it is difficult to extend and deploy(调动).WHIRL can learn from any video of a human doing a task. It is capable of being easily expanded, not limited to one specific task and can operate in realistic home environments.
60．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 1
A．The robot can’t learn to do things by itself.
B．It isn’t easy for robots to learn housework.
C．It is a big step for robots to enter the home.
D．People are patient to teach robots to do housework.
61．What is the aim of studying the WHIRL by the team
A．To make robots learn housework efficiently.
B．To replace humans in housework with robots.
C．To help people know about the life with robots.
D．To teach a robot a single task in home environment.
62．What does the author focus on in paragraph 4
A．The process of developing WHIRL. B．The achievements of the research.
C．The tasks the robot needs to complete. D．The advantages of the new method.
63．How do the last two paragraphs develop
A．By making comparisons. B．By explaining causes and effects.
C．By introducing learning methods. D．By summarizing the functions of WHIRL.
Several research groups have previously generated images from brain signals using AI models that require numerous data analysis. Now, Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi at Osaka University in Japan have developed a much simpler approach by slightly adjusting Stable Diffusion, a popular text-to-image generator, allowing it to turn brain signals directly into pictures.
Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi built two additional models to help make Stable Diffusion work with brain signals. The pair used data from four people obtained by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (功能磁共振成像技术) to scan their brains while the four were viewing 10,000 pictures.
Using around 90 percent of the brain-imaging data, the pair then trained one model to make links between fMRI data from a brain region that processes visual signals and the images that people were viewing. They used the same dataset to train the other model to form links between text descriptions of the images and fMRI data from a brain region that processes the meaning of images. After training, these two models could translate brain-imaging data into forms that were directly fed into the Stable Diffusion model. It could then reconstruct around 1000 of the images people viewed with about 80% accuracy. This level of accuracy is similar to that previously achieved in a study that analysed the same data using a much more tedious approach, which involved more time and efforts.
However, the study only tested the approach on four people. “This approach requires huge fMRI machines”, says Sikun Lin at the University of California. “In future, more practical versions of the approach could allow people to make art or change images with their imagination, or add new elements to gameplay, but it is still a long way from daily use,” she says.
64．What do we know about Stable Diffusion
A．It calls for more data analysis.
B．It was created to read brain signals.
C．It was launched by Japanese scientists.
D．It helps change brain signals into pictures.
65．What are the two models intended to do after training
A．To process data. B．To redraw images.
C．To scan human brains. D．To match text descriptions.
66．What does the underlined word “tedious” mean in paragraph 3
A．Simple. B．Complicated. C．Effective. D．Convenient.
67．What does Sikun Lin say about this approach
A．It is practical for daily use.
B．It has been widely used in art.
C．It will enrich people’s imagination.
D．It will be applied in a broad range.
Guided tours at the National Museum at South Kingston
Out of Hours Titano Tours
Book a tour with one of our knowledgeable tour guides to get up close to all the main characters in our world-famous Dinosaurs gallery. You’ll get to learn how dinosaurs were first discovered, how they adapted to life on Earth and why they’re so important to our science today.
13:00-14:00 Weekends only.
Behind the Lens Tour
Have you ever wondered why wildlife photography can be used to make a difference to the natural world Join our hosts for a special tour of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition and discover the stories behind the photos. We will introduce you to some surprising stories as well as the impact that these photos have had on wildlife conservation efforts.
9:00-10:00 Wednesday & Friday.
Behind the Scenes Tour: Spirit Collection
Go behind the scenes with our science educators for a look at the Museum’s fascinating zoology collection preserved. As we explore some of the Darwin Centre’s 27 kilometers of shelves, you’ll encounter treasures hidden among the 22 million animal specimens (标本)housed here.
14:00-15:00 Monday closed.
History of the Natural History Museum Tour
With stories stretching from Waterhouse to Darwin, you’ll get to journey through time and discover more about how the incredible ‘Cathedral of Nature’ became world-famous. What’s more, once the tour is finished, you will have the opportunity to visit the whole Museum at your own pace, newly equipped with your behind-the-scenes knowledge.
14:00-15:00 Monday to Friday.
68．What can you do on Behind the Lens Tour
A．Tell stories about nature.
B．Dig into wildlife photography.
C．Discover tips to take photos.
D．Join in a group to protect wildlife.
69．Which tour can you take if you go to the museum on Monday afternoon
A．Out of Hours Titano Tours.
B．Behind the Lens Tour.
C．Behind the Scenes Tour: Spirit Collection.
D．History of the Natural History Museum Tour.
70．In what column of the museum website could you find the text
A．Shop. B．Join and Support.
C．What’s on. D．Membership.
Volunteering at Mount Vernon
Open 365 days of the year,Mount Vernon is the most popular historic estate in America. The purpose of the volunteer program is to help protect the historic property. The program has been in existence for nearly 30 years and consists of about 300 active volunteers contributing their time and expertise in almost all of Mount Vernon’s departments.
Volunteers:
Must be 16 years or older.
Must contribute at least 25 hours per year to remain active.
Volunteer Activities
Guest Services
Mount Vernon hosts a million-plus visitors. This would not be possible without the assistance of volunteers. Volunteers’ duty is to interact with a wide range of visitors to assess their interests for their visit to Mount Vernon and welcome warmly each guest who comes through the estate’s main gate.
Qualifications:
Good interpersonal skills
Ability to stand for up to four hours
Completion of training related to the post
Sewing Circle
The sewing circle is ideal for people who enjoy making and restoring costuming for Mount Vernon’s historic trades and historic character personnel. Volunteers’ duty is to create and maintain authentic 18th-century style hand-sewn costume accessories(配饰).
Qualifications:
Sewing skills
K-12 and Youth Programs
Volunteers assist the Mount Vernon K-12 anl Youth Learning Team with a variety of programs. Among them,Hands-on-History,which provides visitors aged 3-10 an opportunity to discover George Washington’s Mount Vernon.
Qualifications:
Previous experience as a K-12 educator is desirable.
Library
Fred W.Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington opened in 2013.The library is a resource for scholars,students,and all those interested in George Washington,colonial America, and the Revolutionary and founding eras. Volunteers provide coverage for a large number of support tasks and often provide that all-important first impression for visitors to the library.
Qualifications:
Good interpersonal skills
Experience in using Microsoft Office
71．What is a volunteer required to do in the“Guest Services”
A．Reply visitors’ complaints. B．Be friendly to visitors.
C．Master basic computer skills. D．Stand for more than 4 hours.
72．Who is more suitable to be a volunteer in the K-12 and Youth Programs
A．A student over 16 years old. B．A graduate from an art college.
C．A woman with sewing skills. D．A retired high school teacher.
73．What do the four volunteer activities have in common
A．They aim for preserving Mount Vernon. B．They are the most popular with visitors.
C．They have business training for volunteers. D．They have been in existence for 30 years.
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。作者尽管小时候学过芭蕾，但是当时没有特别的热情，直到15年以后又重拾芭蕾，并在身边一群成年后开始学习芭蕾舞的同伴们的热情鼓励下体会到了芭蕾带来的乐趣，激发出了对芭蕾的热爱。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“My parents put me in ballet classes as a young girl and I just sort of kept going. I don’t know I had any particular passion for it. I quitted. It felt like I was slowly closing a chapter in my life, with no particular sorrow about the matter. (当我还是个小女孩的时候，我父母就让我去上芭蕾舞课，我就一直在跳。我不知道我对它有什么特别的热情。我离开。感觉就像我在慢慢地结束我生命中的一章，没有特别的悲伤。)”可知，作者在最初接触芭蕾的时候，没什么特别的热情，就算不再继续学也没有特别的恋恋不舍，故推知：芭蕾对于作者没什么影响力。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据“I wasn’t strong or flexible enough to accomplish moves that used to be second nature. I had to stop to adjust my breath after each combination in the center. Mostly, I felt ashamed. But those women cheered me on. The longer I watched them in class, the more I was moved. This was the point staring me right in the face—it didn’t matter; they just loved to dance. Their passion for ballet helped me see it in a new light. It didn’t need to be competitive; it was something people did for fun, no matter what their skill level is. Slowly, it began to feel challenging in a good way. I started having fun. I’ve found that when we dance, it’s an exercise in directing our energy to a number of different areas. (我不够强壮，也不够灵活，无法完成那些曾经是我第二天性的动作。每次在中间的组合后，我都要停下来调整呼吸。大多数时候，我感到羞愧。但那些女人为我加油。我在课堂上看得越久，我就越被感动。这一点就在我眼前——没关系；他们只是喜欢跳舞。他们对芭蕾的热情让我对芭蕾有了新的认识。它不需要竞争；这是人们为了好玩而做的事情，无论他们的技术水平如何。慢慢地，我开始觉得这是一种好的挑战。我开始玩得很开心。我发现，当我们跳舞时，这是一种将我们的能量引导到许多不同领域的练习。)”可知，尽管作者动作不到位，还容易使自己累着，同伴们给了她鼓励，所以激发作者对芭蕾的兴趣的是一起上课的其他的跳舞者对芭蕾的热情，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When we stepped on stage for our year-end performance, I felt the effects of that sustained attention and my body flowed through well-practiced movements. I was totally lost in bright stage lights and felt the whole world belonged to me. After the performance, one of the audience came to me and remarked, ‘Wow, I can tell you really like to dance!’ I smiled and nodded. It was true. (当我们走上舞台进行年终演出时，我感受到了这种持续关注的影响，我的身体在精心练习的动作中流淌。我完全迷失在明亮的舞台灯光下，感觉整个世界都属于我。演出结束后，一位观众走过来对我说：‘哇，我看得出来你真的很喜欢跳舞!’我微笑着点了点头。这是真的。)”可知，这次表演很成功，连观众都能看出作者喜欢跳舞，作者也认同，可推知，作者对于这次表演很满意。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“For me, it was discovering a love for ballet more than 15 years after I first started training. (对我来说，这是我在第一次开始训练超过15年后才发现对芭蕾舞的热爱。)”，本文介绍了作者尽管小时候学过芭蕾，但是当时没有特别的热情，直到多年以后又重拾芭蕾，并在一群成年后开始学习芭蕾舞的同伴们的热情鼓励下体会到了芭蕾带来的乐趣，故从文中我们可以了解“Passion can be awakened.(激情可以被唤醒。)”，故选B项。
5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群年轻人由于不了解小费文化，给了太多小费，让在餐厅工作的Timothy十分尴尬，还好最后年轻人认识到了自己的问题，写信解释了原因。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Although earning a low wage and handling ill-mannered customers, he always put serving those who sat are his tables well on the front burner of his mind He went about his daily duties carefully, putting on a smiling face as customers complained about the food or questioned the bill.(虽然他的工资很低，还要处理那些不礼貌的顾客，但他总是把为那些坐在他桌子上的人服务放在第一位。他认真对待自己的日常工作，当顾客抱怨食物或质疑账单时，他总是面带微笑)”可知，Timothy的工作重点是提供更好的服务。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He arrived at work and expected it to be like any other day, but there was something left on the desk for him, a two-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached, in which they explained they were unaware of how to tip appropriately due to it being their first time in this bar.(他来到办公室，以为今天会像往常一样，但桌子上却有一样东西留给他，那是一封两页纸的手写信，信上附有18美元，他们在信中解释说，因为是第一次来这家酒吧，所以不知道如何给适当的小费)”可知，这些青少年留下了3美元的小费是因为不了解小费文化。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Although earning a low wage and handling ill-mannered customers, he always put serving those who sat are his tables well on the front burner of his mind He went about his daily duties carefully, putting on a smiling face as customers complained about the food or questioned the bill.(虽然他的工资很低，还要处理那些不礼貌的顾客，但他总是把为那些坐在他桌子上的人服务放在第一位。他认真对待自己的日常工作，当顾客抱怨食物或质疑账单时，他总是面带微笑)”以及最后一段“Timothy thumbed up what they did with a big grin and he was so moved by their gesture that he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts.( Timothy笑着用拇指点了一下他们的举动，他被他们的举动感动了，他上传了一张照片，分享了他们令人钦佩的努力)”可推知，Timothy是个积极、投入的人。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He arrived at work and expected it to be like any other day, but there was something left on the desk for him, a two-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached, in which they explained they were unaware of how to tip appropriately due to it being their first time in this bar. Everything suddenly made sense.(他来到办公室，以为今天会像往常一样，但桌子上却有一样东西留给他，那是一封两页纸的手写信，信上附有18美元，他们在信中解释说，因为是第一次来这家酒吧，所以不知道如何给适当的小费。一切突然变得有意义了)”可推知，年轻人告诉我们：把事情做对是件好事。故选D。
9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力。文章解释了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。
9．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“While in need of further study”以及后文“and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases”可知，while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，为让步转折关系，说明虽然还需要进一步的研究，但新的研究结果相当令人信服，并强调了适当的营养在保护和促进大脑健康、降低大脑疾病风险方面的关键作用。故画线词意思是“令人信服的”。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries(在巴西，超加工食品占总热量摄入的25%至30%。我们有麦当劳和汉堡王。它与许多其他西方国家没有太大不同)”可知，巴西人的卡路里摄入量与大多数西方人没有什么不同。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.(研究发现，研究中食用超加工食品最多的人“更可能是年轻人、女性、白人、受过高等教育和收入较高的人，而且更可能从不吸烟”)”可知，一位年轻的教授可能会吃更多的超加工食品。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.(现在，一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力)”结合文章解释了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是超加工食品会导致认知能力下降。故选D。
13．D 14．A 15．A 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关，并列举了两个实验以及对这种现象进行了总结。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“And I often feel that I’m a slightly different person in each language I speak — more determined in English, more relaxed in French, and more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral guidelines also point in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using (而且我经常觉得我在说每种语言时都是一个略有不同的人——说英语更坚定，说法语更轻松，说捷克语更情绪化。有没有可能，除了这些差异，我的道德准则也指向不同的方向，这取决于我使用的语言？)”可知，作者认为语言与道德有关。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“In a research led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “train problem”: Imagine that a train is charging at five people standing on the track, unable to move.(在阿尔伯特·科斯塔领导的一项研究中，志愿者们面临着一个被称为“火车问题”的道德困境：想象一列火车向站在轨道上无法移动的五个人冲去)”以及第四段“In another research conducted by Janet Greipel, volunteers read acts that many people find immoral, such as stories where someone cooked and ate his dog after it had been Keadby car.(在珍妮特·格雷佩尔进行的另一项研究中，志愿者们阅读了许多人认为不道德的行为，比如有人把自己的狗煮了吃，然后把它扔进了汽车里)”可知，作者通过仔细地引用例子证明他的观点。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our no-native language activates our cognitive system. This is similar to findings that reading math problems in a hard-to-read typeface (字体) makes people less likely to make careless mistakes.(当我们使用一门外语时，我们会无意识地陷入深思熟虑的模式，这仅仅是因为用非母语进行操作的努力激活了我们的认知系统。这与用难以阅读的字体阅读数学题让人们不太可能犯粗心错误的发现相似)”可推知，提到“数学问题”是为一种思维模式辩护。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第二段“And I often feel that I’m a slightly different person in each language I speak — more determined in English, more relaxed in French, and more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral guidelines also point in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using (而且我经常觉得我在说每种语言时都是一个略有不同的人——说英语更坚定，说法语更轻松，说捷克语更情绪化。有没有可能，除了这些差异，我的道德准则也指向不同的方向，这取决于我使用的语言？)”结合文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关，并列举了两个实验以及对这种现象进行了总结。可知，C选项“语言：一种塑造道德的力量”最符合文章标题。故选C。
17．B 18．C 19．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座世界上最具创新性的图书馆。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“To fight low literacy rates in the desert of Kenya, the government created a movable library composed of nine camels bringing books to villages.(为了解决肯尼亚沙漠地区的低识字率问题，政府创建了一个由九头骆驼组成的移动图书馆，将书籍送到村庄)”可知，肯尼亚沙漠的孩子更有可能参观骆驼图书馆。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Libraries are usually known for their quiet atmosphere, but this one encourages conversation.(图书馆通常以其安静的氛围而闻名，但这家图书馆鼓励交谈)”可知，不同之处是热烈讨论的自由。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A surprising combination of cutting-edge and sustainable, this building, featuring a green roof, was made from recycled and designed to imitate the look of a eucalyptus tree.(这座建筑令人惊讶地结合了尖端和可持续发展，以绿色屋顶为特色，由可回收利用的材料制成，旨在模仿桉树的外观)”可知，麦考瑞大学图书馆是环保的好例子。故选D。
20．A 21．A 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。社交媒体扼杀了由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想，通过研究分析其原因发现：深度无聊能激发创造性思维，使人们去追求新的激情或技能。所以处于无聊的状态对于我们是一件好事。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the ‘dream bird that hatches the egg of experience’. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued. (德国哲学家沃尔特 本雅明曾指出，无聊是‘孵出经验之蛋的梦想之鸟’。然而，研究人员认为，通常由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想正在被社交媒体扼杀。)”可知，在文章开头提到本雅明的话是为了引出关于“boredom”的话题，引起读者对相关研究的关注。故选A项。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said, ‘The problem we observed was that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time and energy, and may prevent people progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover new passions. Profound boredom may sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive if people are given the chance for undisturbed thinking and development.’ (巴斯大学研究小组的负责人蒂莫西·希尔博士说：‘我们观察到的问题是，社交媒体可以缓解表面上的无聊。但这也会消耗时间和精力，并可能阻止人们进入一种深层无聊的状态，在那里他们可能会发现新的激情。深层无聊听起来像是一个消极的概念，但事实上，如果人们有机会不受干扰地思考