2023届河南高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
Officials in New York City are using technology to cut down on noise on city streets. Cameras equipped with radar (雷达) sound collectors identify loud vehicles in an effort to catch drivers violating (违反) noise rules. New York officials say at least 71 people have received fines for operating cars or trucks that make too much noise. The city’s Department of Environmental Protection now has plans to expand the use of technology to enforce (强制执行) noise rules.
City Council member Erik Bottcher told the Associated Press (AP) vehicles with illegally changed parts can produce extremely loud sounds. He said they have been a growing problem in recent years. Bottcher supports the use of radar to reduce noise in the city.
New York City already has some of the strongest rules in the country aimed at limiting noise on city streets. It has set permissible noise levels for building tools and vehicles. The new devices record the vehicle numbers of offenders, who then receive a violation notice in the mail. Owners face fines of $ 800 for their first noise offense. Some could be required to pay up to $2,625 if they have three violations and ignore court hearings.
The AP says there is evidence to support the idea that noise affects not only hearing but also mood and mental health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) even says there are possible links between noise and higher risks for heart disease and raised blood pressure.
However, some people in the city say the government efforts to quiet loud vehicles have gone too far. One person opposed to the policy is Phillip Franklin, a 30-year-old car lover from the Bronx area of New York. He launched an online effort to protest noise rules. “The majority of us live here in New York City, where noise is a part of our daily lives,” said a document explaining his effort. Franklin noted that quiet vehicles can also present dangers to inattentive individuals walking around New York City.
1．What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A．Technology is key in noise reduction.
B．Cases of violating noise rules are reduced.
C．More people will be punished for loud vehicles.
D．The efforts to identify loud vehicles seemed in vain.
2．What is a concern according to Bottcher
A．The wide use of radar. B．Increasing loud vehicles.
C．The setting of noise levels. D．Illegally changed vehicles.
3．What is the purpose of Paragraph 4
A．To summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．To provide some proof for the policy.
C．To add some background information.
D．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
4．What conclusion can we draw from the text
A．New Yorkers are all used to loud noise.
B．Not all people approve of the noise rules.
C．Noise has nothing to do with high blood pressure.
D．Quiet vehicles will cause safety problems.
A beloved pet that went missing in the Highlands area of Vancouver Island was found seven days later by an army of volunteers and was reunited with her owner.
The mastiff-retriever cross (马士提夫獒犬), named Luna, was found trapped on a narrow cliff ledge (岩架), and was reunited with her owner after a heroic rescue last month. It’s believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost, somehow falling off a cliff and landing on a two-foot-wide ledge. She remained there, alone, as her owner and searchers wildly looked for her.
“It was terrible because it was getting colder and she always sleeps next to me or my daughter,” said Saryta Schaefer, Luna’s owner.
After she’d been missing for several days, there was a break in the case. Across the water, Ron Cheeke had heard Luna’s cries for help. Cheeke decided to record the sound and notify the pet rescue group ROAM. He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound. “I used a pot, and every time I banged on the pot, the dog barked back,” Cheeke told CTV News.
Eventually, after searching on both water and land, a team found the scared dog and used a harness (保护带) to pull her back to safety and to her owner. “I almost fell over when I saw her-it was quite exciting,” said Schaerer.
Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help. “I lost my dog last year, so it was good,” said Cheeke. “It’s good to see it back with its owners."
“There’s no feeling like it. When you’re involved with this and you get the owner back with the pet, it’s worth all the money in the world,” added ROAM volunteer Andy Carswell.
5．Which of the following happened to Luna first
A．Luna was found stuck on a narrow spot.
B．Luna fell off a cliff and remained there.
C．Luna’s owner tried to find her back.
D．Luna ran after an animal and went missing.
6．Why did Cheeke keep knocking on the pot
A．To be sure where the cry came from.
B．To draw attention to the passers-by.
C．To encourage Luna to cry for help.
D．To remind volunteers of the cries.
7．What can we infer from Cheeke’s word in Paragraph 6
A．He was determined. B．He was adaptable.
C．He was sympathetic. D．He was cooperative.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Volunteers Praised for Saving a Dog
B．A Missing Dog Reunited with Owner
C．A Dog Cried Tears of Joy When Found
D．A Seven-day Rescue Ended in Peace
For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These “transfusions” (输血) usually involve giving red blood cells to patients. Red blood cells do an important job: they take oxygen from the lungs and spread it through the body. People who suffer from some diseases need extra red blood cells to remain healthy.
The blood used in transfusions comes from people who donate blood. Since our bodies are always making more red blood cells, donating blood doesn’t cause problems for the person giving it. There is a constant demand for blood transfusions, and there are often shortages.
For the first time ever, scientists’ are testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The new trial is being carried out in the United Kingdom. The project is being run by the National Health Service’s Blood and Transplant unit and the University of Bristol, along with other universities.
What’s new in the experiment is that people are being given red blood cells that were created in a laboratory. The scientists used stem cells(干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells. The new red blood cells can be adjusted for people with different blood types. Also, the red blood cells created are brand new, meaning they last longer.
To test the safety of the lab—grown red blood cells, researchers have given a couple of teaspoon of lab—created blood to two healthy people. Both people seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, the red blood cells from the lab will be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions.
The new process isn’t expected to replace normal blood transfusions, which will remain hugely important. Growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still needs to be done. But if it’s successful, in the future the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
9．Why do the scientists grow new red blood cells in laboratory
A．Because the donated blood is unsafe.
B．Because it is hard to get donated blood.
C．Because there isn’t always enough blood.
D．Because more patients need blood to survive.
10．What is the feature of the lab-grown red blood cells
A．They can be used flexibly.
B．They can be kept alive for ever.
C．Their production cost is low.
D．They can be easier for transfusion.
11．What is the attitude of the author towards the process of the tests
A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Positive.
12．What is the best title for the text
A．Scientists test blood grown in a laboratory
B．New red blood cells shine lights on patients
C．Lab-created blood will replace donated blood
D．The shortages of blood will be gone for ever
New research highlights how different forms of praise can promote positive encouragement, while others can backfire(适得其反) by promoting dishonesty and lying.
According to the two new studies by researchers at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) at the University of Toronto, kids who are praised for being smart are more likely to be dishonest and to cheat in the hopes of maintaining their positive image.
The first of the two studies gathered a group of 3-to 5-year-olds to play a guessing game. If they were correct, half of them were praised for being smart by saying “You are so smart.” The other half were praised for their performance by saying “You did very well this time.” This tiny change in emphasis was enough to affect the way the kids viewed their performance.
The researchers then left the room and told the children to promise they would not cheat by looking at the answers. Watching them through a hidden camera, they found that children who were praised for being smart were more likely to act dishonestly and peek(偷窥) at the answers.
The second experiment, published in Developmental Science, set out with a similar assumption. They told certain children they had a reputation for being smart. Hearing this kind of praise was associated with a higher tendency to cheat.
The important difference in wording can have a huge effect. While you might believe you are encouraging a child by saying “you are awesome”, this can, in fact, lead them to cheat in order to uphold the positive character assessment. Instead, their actions and behavior should be praised.
“Praising a child’s ability implies that the specific behavior that is commented on stems from stable character related to one’s ability, such as smartness,” said Professor Kang Lee, OISE’s Jackman Institute of Child Studies (JICS). “This is different than other forms of praise, such as praising specific behaviors or praising effort.”
13．Which praise belongs to positive encouragement
A．“You are so clever.”
B．“You have made great progress.”
C．“You are the best students.”
D．“Your drawing is wonderful.”
14．What is the purpose of the second experiment
A．To potentially apply the research findings.
B．To find supporting evidence for the studies.
C．To try out another different research method.
D．To argue about the previous research process.
15．What can be inferred from the studies
A．Praise is more complex than it seems.
B．Children’s ability shouldn’t be praised.
C．All children care about their own image.
D．Adults’ examples affect children’s view.
16．Where is the text probably from
A．A news report. B．A science fiction.
C．A website for teenagers. D．A science magazine.
Exposure to extreme heat increases malnutrition (营养不良) among babies and young children in low-income countries, threatening to change decades of progress, Cornell research finds.
Linking survey and weather data over more than 20 years, a study of more than 32,000 West African children aged 3 to 36 months found that average heat exposure had increased the occurrence of slow growth from malnutrition by 12%, and of low weight by 29%.
The researchers estimate that if the average global temperature rises 2 degrees, which scientists warn is likely without significant reductions in carbon emissions (碳排放), the average bad effect of heat exposure on growth would nearly double, erasing gains recorded during the study period (1993 to 2014).
The findings are worrying, the researchers said, because temperatures in West Africa are rising and expected to continue to do so for several decades. And the effects of malnutrition in early childhood, which are linked to higher death rates and to lower education and incomes in adulthood, are irreversible.
“We’re talking about children at a very young age that will have changes for the rest of their lives, so this is permanently affecting their potential,” said Ariel Ortiz-Bobea, associate professor in the Cornell Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy. “What we are doing to reduce global poverty is being gradually destroyed by our lack of action on climate.”
More research is needed to discover the drivers of those effects exactly, which are most evident between 6 and 15 months, but they are likely not physiological (生理的) responses to direct heat, the researchers predicted. Rather, they suggest, a combination of factors may be at work as children transition away from breastfeeding (母乳喂养), including a higher risk of contracting pathogens (病原体) from food and water, and lower consumption of protein from animal sources, possibly due to extreme heat hurting agricultural productivity.
17．What is the final result of the malnutrition caused by extreme heat
A．Slow growth of babies.
B．Low weight of children.
C．Social decline.
D．Less agricultural productivity.
18．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Impossible to change. B．Happening quickly.
C．Not special in any way. D．Difficult to believe.
19．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．A research of 6 to 15 months is the most effective.
B．Malnutrition is a direct physiological response to extreme heat.
C．The reasons for the malnutrition caused by extreme heat are clear.
D．Many aspects may account for the malnutrition caused by extreme heat.
20．In which section of a magazine can we find the text
A．Health. B．Society. C．Education. D．Technology.
A Pittsburgh-based robotics and engineering startup recently promoted Moonwalkers, a pair of battery-powered shoes that it claims can boost walk speeds by up to 250%.
Although they may look like just another set of electric roller skates, the Moonwalkers are actually a bit different. You walk as you’re wearing them the way you would regular shoes or sneakers, letting the motorized wheels put a spring in your step. Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor, this smart appliance is actually a platform that can be attached to a wide variety of footwear to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph. For comparison, humans’ average walking speed ranges from 2. 5. to 4 mph.
As the wearer walks, a 300W brushless motor in each 4. 2-lb(1. 9-kg)Moonwalker spins up the device’s eight polyurethane(聚氨基甲酸乙酯)wheels, providing a sense of like walking on a “moving sidewalk” in an airport. There is also an Al-powered gearbox(变速箱)that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors. The shoes are also able to detect downhill movement to prevent accidents.
“Moonwalkers are not skates. They’re shoes. The world’s fastest shoes actually,” Xunjie Zang, founder and CEO of Shift Robotics said. “You don’t skate in them. You walk. You don’t have to learn how to use them, the shoes learn from you.”
But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven place, or things like stairs We all know how tricky those are to walk in rollerskates. Well, apparently the designers took that into consideration and created a part that allows the wearer to lock the wheels so that they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear. Just using simple foot movements, it’s possible to switch between Shift and Lock modes. In Shift, the wheels are free to spin as the user walks. In Lock, however, they remain locked in place. This means that the user can do things like climbing stairs or even just standing in one place, without worrying about their feet rolling out from underneath them.
21．What function is expected of Moonwalkers
A．To walk on the moon more safely. B．To accelerate the walking speed.
C．To make wearers skate automatically. D．To provide wearers with timely warning
22．What does Xunjie Zang think of Moonwalkers
A．Smart. B．Demanding. C．Costly. D．Risky.
23．Why does the author ask a question first in paragraph 5
A．To explain a rule clearly. B．To further present a fact.
C．To clarify a fashion concept. D．To make a sound prediction.
24．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Moonwalks Are On Sale B．The World’s Fastest Walking Shoes
C．The World’s Most Advanced Robotic Company D．New Rollerskates Come into Existence
The softball season for the Lady Bulldogs of Garfield Senior High School in Los Angeles got off to an awful start. The team was just coming back to school full time after COVID, and their season was flooded with injuries and discouraged players. They hadn’t won a single game that season.
Everything that could go wrong that season did. Their home field was even under construction, so they had nowhere to practice. While other teams were training on, their own softball diamonds, the Lady Bulldogs were borrowing space from other school teams.
Head coach Karla Bernal had her work cut out when it came to keeping her team on track. She gave them lots of inspirational talks, telling them not to be discouraged by the fact that they were 0 score. Since no one expected the team to even make the playoffs(决赛), why not just go out there and have fun
“We just need to go in there, keep doing what we’ve been doing, not letting our failures define who we are, and always putting our teammates first because when we do that, we are going to get the results out,” she told her tame.
The team had to win their play-in (附加) game to quality for the playoffs. Incredibly, their luck changed during the game, which they won handily. Before they knew it, they were facing some of the top teams in the state—and winning! In the final championship game, the Lady Bulldogs won 5 to 3 against defending champions the Gardena High School Panthers!
Karla said being the underdog was what encouraged her learn onto victory, and she couldn’t be prouder of the way her team stepped up to take the lead. This out-of-nowhere win marks the first time this team has won the championship game in 27 years! These young women simply refused to give up, no matter how difficult their task was at the time. Way to go, Lady Bulldogs!
25．What do we know about the “Lady Bulldogs” from paragraph 1 and 2
A．They were under great stress.
B．They lost hope of winning any game.
C．They couldn’t find place to practice.
D．They were beaten up by the pandemic.
26．Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “had her work cut out”
A．Cut her work into small parts B．Had loads of work to do.
C．Reached out for help. D．Was out of her job.
27．What might be a proper headline of news for the team’s success
A．Underdog team with 0 season wins got championship.
B．The lady Bulldogs defeated Gardena Panthers 5 to 3.
C．The first championship in Garfield Senior High School.
D．A coach made a hit with an out-of -nowhere championship.
28．What message can we get from the story
A．The world is full of fortune and challenge.
B．There are as many gains as there are losses.
C．Teamwork is more important than individual skill.
D．Whatever life throws at you, keep positive and carry on.
Acquaintance(相识) Parties
Starting a new school and making new friends can be frightening. In order to get to know classmates easier, teachers can host parties that encourage the students to become acquainted with each other. This in turn promotes a comfortable educational environment.
Theme Party
Choose a theme for the party and encourage all the students beforehand to dress up in accordance to the theme. Decorate the room in accordance to the theme. This will promote socialization between the students. Play music and offer refreshments and snacks. This laid-back atmosphere and scene will allow the students to socialize before starting class.
Common Characters
Print out a list of each student’s name onto a worksheet and distribute them to the class. The students must talk to every other classmate to determine one thing they have in common. Each student should have a common factor written for each classmate. The common factors can be anything except physical features. By the end of the class every student will have gotten acquainted with the entire class.
Baby Picture Matching
Collect a baby photo from each student before the party and display all the photos during the party. Encourage the students to inspect the baby photos and then try to decide which photo belongs to which person. This will motivate students to start conversations with more persons in the classroom. At the end of the party, award a prize for each correct guess.
Guess Who
As each student arrives, tape an index card with a character from a storybook or pop culture on his back. Do not allow the students to see their own cards. The students must then mix with each other to determine their assigned character. The students may ask questions. This will encourage socialization between the classmate in order to try and win the game.
29．Which party requires students to set the scene in advance
A．Theme Party. B．Guess Who.
C．Common Characters. D．Baby Picture Matching.
30．What is special about the method in Common Characters
A．It can help the teacher know all the students.
B．It is an effective way to know all the classmates.
C．It can help the students form the same hobbies.
D．It is easy to find the students with the same height.
31．What do the last two parties have in common
A．They have the same theme.
B．They improve students’ ability.
C．They are both inspiring parties.
D．They both include guessing games.
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32．What service can Parsley Box offer you
A．To put your meals in the microwave. B．To deliver meals direct to your door.
C．To cook meals for you in your kitchen. D．To place the meals in your cupboard.
33．Which one of the following is the reason for quality meals
A．Carefully selected vegetable. B．Use no sauces to cook the meat.
C．Cook the meats slowly with sauces. D．Mix two portions of potato and wine.
34．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To teach people to cook delicious meals. B．To encourage people to order meals.
C．To allow people to enjoy meals free of charge. D．To inspire people to make an advertisement.
It was a warm spring evening. As I often do after a long day, I went straight to my backyard and did some work in my flower garden. I had only just walked a few steps on the patio (露台) when I suddenly felt a horrifying blow to the right side of my neck. Totally confused, I reached up and, to my shock and horror, realized that I had been shot — with an arrow.
I grabbed the arrow with a death grip where it had pierced my neck and ran inside, screaming my husband’s name. Ed ran to me and called an ambulance. I lay on the couch and prayed. I didn’t know if there was any way I could survive.
The arrow had come from a young man practising with a hunting bow in his backyard. Luckily, he was using a practice arrow. An arrow for hunting would have killed me.
At the hospital, I tried hard to reassure my family and friends. I kept telling them I was fine, but the looks on their faces told me that they weren’t buying it. After a CT scan, the doctors and nurses began telling me how lucky I was. The arrow had gone between the carotid artery and the jugular vein. There was no bleeding at all. Although I didn’t realize how incredible this was, I began arguing with them that I wasn’t “lucky“, I was “blessed”. Someone told my son there was a post on the site asking for prayers for me. It turns out a friend had posted the prayer request on that website.
The morning after my two-hour surgery to remove the arrow, the surgeon came in my room. He revealed that I had a brain tumour and the surgery had to be done. I remember going a bit numb but thinking, God works in mysterious ways. The brain surgery was successful and in less than a week I was back home.
Nothing eventful happened for a couple of years. After an MRI in 2015, I was told that there was still no sign of a tumour growing back. Had it not been for that arrow, I would have died from a brain tumour. And honestly, the arrow should have killed me. But it didn’t.
Coincidences Luck I think not. The gentleman who wrote the last comment on the prayer-request thread on summed it up in just two words. He simply wrote, “Amazing grace”.
35．How did the author’ family feel when she told them she was fine at the hospital
A．Doubtful B．Concerned C．Convinced D．Reassured
36．What did the author think of all that happened to her
A．It is a blessing in disguise. B．No pleasure without pain.
C．One good turn deserves another. D．What goes around comes around.
37．Why did the gentleman write “amazing grace”
A．To appeal for attention. B．To describe his reaction.
C．To call for others’ support. D．To comment on the whole issue.
38．Which section of a magazine does the passage come from
A．Health B．Entertainment C．Nature D．Story
Scientists have transfused lab-made red blood cells into a human volunteer in a world-first trial that experts say has major potential for people with hard-to-match blood types or conditions such as sickle cell (镰状细胞) disease. The research could someday mean an end to long searches for compatible (兼容的) donors or dangerous transfusion reactions.
The experimental transfusion was done at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge, England, as part of a collaborative (合作的) effort among UK scientists to understand how lab-made blood transfusions could work.
The scientists took whole blood from donors in a UK database and separated out the stem cells. These are the body’s raw materials — the cells from which all specialized cells, like a red blood cell, can generate. The researchers grew red blood cells from those stem cells and transfused them into two healthy volunteers. The transfusions involved only a tiny amount of blood: the equivalent of one or two teaspoons. A standard blood transfusion would involve many hundred times that amount. This stage of the trial involves two mini transfusions at least four months apart, one with a standard donation of red cells and the other with lab-made cells from the same donor.
The researchers are closely monitoring the volunteers to determine whether the process was safe. They say there have been with “no side effects” so far. They’re also watching how long the lab-grown cells last compared with an infusion (灌输) of standard red blood cells. Red blood cells typically last about 120 days, but a transfusion from a standard donation contains cells that are a variety of ages because the bone marrow (骨髓) continuously makes these cells.
Previous tests have shown that manufactured cells function like normal cells and that these lab-made cells are likely to survive longer overall while in circulation. This study will determine for the first time whether that’s true. Further trials will be necessary to determine whether there could be a clinical use of this lab-grown product.
The research could eventually make a difference to people with sickle cell disease, those who develop antibodies (抗体) against most donor blood types, or those with genetic disorders in which their body can’t make red blood cells or the blood cells they make don’t work well.
39．What function is expected of the lab-made red blood cells transfusion
A．It may make it easier to get blood donors.
B．It may grow red blood cells from the stem cells.
C．It may end the dangerous transfusion reactions.
D．It may develop antibodies against many donor blood types.
40．What can be inferred about the experimental procedure
A．It is widely considered not safe despite many experiments.
B．The two mini transfusions shouldn’t be carried out closely together.
C．The researchers transfused stem cells into volunteers to monitor them.
D．A standard blood transfusion only need to involve a tiny amount of blood.
41．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The process of lab-made blood transfusions proves safe so far.
B．Lab-made cells survive longer overall than normal cells in circulation.
C．There are two mini transfusions with lab-made cells in the experiment.
D．The stem cells, as the body’s raw materials, can’t produce red1 blood cells.
42．What’s the passage mainly about
A．A small amount of blood can make a difference.
B．Lab-made cells outweigh normal cells in a transfusion.
C．Lab-made cells can contribute to blood-related diseases.
D．Lab-made cell transfusions can replace normal blood donations.
There was a time when parents raised their children without relying on expert advice. In those days aunts and grandmothers were available to help. But during most of this century families have been increasingly separated from their extended families. Because child rearing seems to be a risky experiment, many parents have turned to experts. Unfortunately, that expert advice has been interpreted in the context of social trends and changed into child rearing fashions that later have been cast aside along with the reputations of some unreal experts whose names have been associated with those child rearing eras.
Early in this century, John Broadus Watson warned parents against spoiling their children with unnecessary displays of affection and recommended placing regular habits on them in order to instill self-discipline. The ideas of Sigmund Freud led the next era toward reasoning with children to help them become insightful individuals, capable of enjoying leisure as well as work. After World War Ⅱ, permissiveness (宽容) with children was inferred from the writings of Dr. Benjamin Spock, who enjoined parents to trust their intuitions (直觉) as they tried to meet their children’s needs.
Now we can choose from a variety of experts. On the “conservative” side are those who encourage firmness and “tough love” with children. On the “liberal” side are those who minimize confrontation (冲突) and stress negotiating with children.
Now parenthood has almost become professionalized so that many parents seek “the best way” to raise their children. Child rearing no longer is something that can be done by tradition, or common sense. There is a “right way” to put a child to bed, to leave a child with a sitter, to get a child started in school, and to have a friend over. Because being a parent is a career, like any career the harder we work at it the more we gain. The result is the general feeling that we cannot do enough for our children. Certainly we should raise our children better than we were raised.
43．What can be inferred from Paragraph 1
A．Traditional child rearing wastes much money.
B．Parents are easy to be misled in child rearing.
C．Family members are major roles in child rearing.
D．Parents want to have their way of raising children.
44．What’s the point of the “conservative” side
A．Children should have more free space.
B．Parents should treat children with equality.
C．Parents should become strict with children.
D．Parents should be careful to avoid conflicts.
45．What’s the author’s attitude towards present parenting
A．Intolerant. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Favorable.
46．What is the suitable title for the passage
A．The Road to Creative Parenting B．The Challenge to Bringing Up Kids
C．The Best Way to Be Clever Parents D．The Significance of Parents’ Companion
In Stark County, a group of high school students are working on a solution for a dangerous intersection(交叉路口). They’re in the process of developing technology to make the intersection of Mayfair and Wise roads safer.
At Green High School, while many students are home enjoying their spring break, one group of students are testing out a project they have been working on since October. In their STEM class, they were given the task of coming up with an idea that could be entered into the “Samsung Solve for Tomorrow” project.
“Samsung puts out some grant(助学金) money and they challenge students to bond with their community to solve problems for the betterment of the community,” said Green High School science teacher Christopher Kriebel.
The intersection the students chose looks like a normal intersection at first glance, but on closer inspection, there are multiple hills that cause blind spots, leaving only three or four seconds of notice if there’s a car coming in at 45 mph. That’s really dangerous. The students’ solution involves sensors that notice oncoming traffic from distances up to 12 or 13 meters, which then light up a sign.
Though the project started in class, the three students, Erich, Giuliana Ciccarelli-Aloisi and Alec Hemphill, took it on full-time in their science club after their STEM course ended. They spent hours outside of school working to perfect their idea and even getting the city involved, working with the mayor(市长) and engineers.
Now as they continue to work on their invention, these students are in disbelief at what they’ve created. They hope they’ll win the competition on April 5 when they are to submit their final video to Samsung explaining what they’ve done and what they hope to continue to do. The students will test the project at the intersection. If the students make it, they could end up in New York in the top 10.
47．What are the group of students at Green High School doing
A．They are brainstorming ideas for future society.
B．They are working to solve a problem for Samsung.
C．They are trying to find a solution to a traffic problem.
D．They are developing technology to be applied to their STEM class.
48．Why is Christopher Kriebel’s words mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To present the main idea of the text.
B．To support the author’s point of view.
C．To provide some background information.
D．To give an example of the students’ commitment.
49．Which of the following can best describe the group of students
A．Creative and devoted. B．Intelligent and brave.
C．Cooperative and cautious. D．Generous and determined.
50．What can be inferred about the students from the last paragraph
A．They ended up among the top ten.
B．They are excited about their invention.
C．They are disappointed at the test result.
D．They won praise from the city officials.
Food deserts are generally classified as geographic regions where people have few or limited options to purchase nutritious and affordable foods like vegetables and fruits. Food deserts affect low-income areas far from supermarkets. Over 23 million Americans live in low-income areas located more than one mile from a food store. Over 11 million people living in these regions are themselves low-income. While people in food deserts may have easier access to convenience stores and fast food, they experience more challenges in shopping at large grocery stores that offer a more comprehensive(全面的) selection of healthy foods at lower prices.
This inequality in food access means that families, children, and communities living in food deserts may be at increased risk of obesity and other diet-related health issues, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
While the existing literature on the lack of accessible, affordable foods has not reached a consensus on the root causes of food deserts, several factors are regularly recognized. Urban areas lacking access to fresh foods are generally divided by racial and economic lines. Diets rich in more nutritious foods cost around $1.50 more per day. For individuals and families living paycheck to paycheck, this cost difference can significantly impact their food choices. For people living in the countryside, they must travel many miles to the nearest store; a lack of access to a vehicle and limited or nonexistent public transportation contribute to food accessibility challenges.
Lack of business investment also plays a big part. When large food stores consider possible locations, low-income areas can appear to be “too risky” of an investment. More economically depressed(萧条的) areas can increase a business’s insurance and security costs. Even public utility(设施) challenges, like poorly maintained roads, can prevent big companies from setting up shops in neighborhoods that most need their goods and services, according to Harvard Business Review. These market conditions have a great effect on food accessibility for high-poverty regions.
51．What do we know about a food desert
A．Agriculture is impossible there.
B．People there are too poor to feed the family.
C．Many fast food restaurants are located there.
D．People there have limited access to healthy foods.
52．What is a key reason for food deserts
A．Poor health care. B．A low income.
C．Business failure. D．Dangerous environment.
53．What does the underlined word “consensus” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．A balanced diet. B．A general agreement.
C．A contributing factor. D．An inspiring achievement.
54．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．The causes of food deserts.
B．Ways to make food choices.
C．The problems with transportation.
D．Principles of business investment.
Best Online Art Classes
New Masters Academy
Cost:$36 to $79 per month
Class Length:Varies;1 to 5+hours
Students can sign up for a free 7-day trial.
Access to more than 2,500 hours of streaming art instruction videos,
The community forum (论坛) lets students network and learn from each other.
New Masters Academy Courses range from art theory and drawing to painting, sculpture,and digital art. Classes are tailored to artists of every skill level. Beginner friendly lessons include color mixing, landscape painting, and portrait (肖像) painting classes.
Proko
Cost:Free,$85 to $139 per month
Class Length:Varies;5 minutes to 1+hours
Students can watch hundreds of free courses through the Proko website.
Excellent drawing courses include Anatomy of the Human Body, Figure Drawing Fundamentals, Portrait Drawing Fundamentals, and Art of Caricature.
Skillshare
Cost:$13.75 per month(billed as $165 annually)
Class Length:Varies;15 minutes to 7+hours
Skillshare features courses on everything from web development and graphic design to illustration, fine art, and painting. Students can explore a wide range of paint mediums,including watercolor, oil, and many others. This makes it an excellent option if you want to get into painting but aren’t sure where to start.
The Ceramic(陶瓷)School
Cost:$29 per month or $290 per year
Class Length:Varies;5 minutes to 2+hours
Students can choose from on-demand classes and live online workshops.
Membership offers unlimited access to workshop replays.
The Ceramic School is community-centered around ceramics. Individual courses and workshops cover introductory topics like wheel throwing for beginners and more advanced lessons like hand-constructing large ships and carving a double-walled vase.
55．Which course offers a free trial period
A．Proko. B．Skillshare.
C．New Masters Academy. D．The Ceramic School.
56．Who will most probably choose Skillshare
A．A student who wants to develop paint mediums.
B．A student who is looking for free art courses.
C．A student who is interested in modern art theory.
D．A student who is trying to decide what kind of art to learn.
57．What privilege does a member of the Ceramic School have
A．Enjoying a big discount.
B．Taking advanced courses.
C．Choosing on-demand classes.
D．Watching unlimited workshop replays.
It takes a lot of energy to keep buildings comfortably cool in hot parts of the world. As it comes through windows, sunshine is a big source of heat in buildings, explains Tengfei Luo, an engineer at the University of Notre Dame.
Sunlight contains both the visible(可见的) light that we can see and the light our eyes can’t see. Both types can pass through glass. Luo and his team set out to design a clear coating that blocked the invisible light, which has a warming effect. Extra-thin layers of materials like silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide can interact with light in ways that help. But none could do it all. So his team decided to layer such materials, like a pile of pancakes. Knowing how to perfect the layer and ordering of layers can get really complicated as the number of layers increases. Unless, that is, you have a quantum(量子) computer.
The team chose four promising materials. They pile up those materials in very thin layers, and in any order. There can be up to 24 layers. Among all possible arrangements, they record which worked best at keeping heat out but letting in visible light.
It turns out that there were hundreds of billions of possible arrangements. A traditional computer would take millions of years to evaluate them, but a quantum computer can evaluate them in less than a second. It can take thousands of cycles of measuring and improving the program to get to an answer. The result was a surprisingly clear coating highly transparent(透明的) to visible light.
The coating uses common, inexpensive materials. It requires no foreign techniques. A sample test shows after a day and a half in hot climate, it kept a test room 6 degrees Celsius cooler than an untreated window, cutting the energy used to cool buildings by close to one-third.
Luo sees potential for widespread use of this glass coating in hot climates. To seriously address climate change, energy-efficient buildings are a must.
58．How does the coating Luo’s team designed work
A．By trapping visible light inside the house.
B．By controlling the amount of light entering the room.
C．By stopping invisible light from entering through the window.
D．By allowing both visible and invisible light to pass through glass.
59．What is the quantum computer used to do in the development of the coating
A．Combine different layers. B．Choose suitable materials.
C．Improve coating functions. D．Assess layer arrangements.
60．What can be inferred about the final design of the coating
A．It’s widely used. B．It works effectively.
C．It comes in several varieties. D．Its cost remains to be reduced.
61．What’s the best title for the text
A．Think of This New Tech as Sunglasses for Our Windows
B．Apply This Coating to Your Windows to Heat Your House
C．Develop New Energy to Keep Buildings Comfortably Cool
D．Build Energy-Efficient Buildings to Address Climate Change
A new and exciting innovation will enable people with hearing loss to see conversations in real time. Using augmented reality(AR)glasses and a smartphone, hearing-impaired (有听力障碍的) people will soon be able to participate and engage in conversations.
XRAI glasses were developed by Dan Scarfe after he spent a Christmas dinner with his family. Scarfe saw his 97-year-old hearing-impaired grandfather sitting alone in silence while the rest of the family members were animated in conversation. His light bulb moment came when he remembered his grandfather watching closed-caption TV and realized that AR glasses could be used for subtitles (字幕).
Scarfe got to work, partnering with Nreal, an AR glasses manufacturer. Six months later, the team unveiled XRAI glasses. The glasses are connected to a smartphone that receives the audio (音频) from a microphone, processes it, and then uses software technology to transform it into closed captions.
The company is now testing the glasses in the UJK and hopes to complete their pilot by the end of this month. The UK was selected as a testing ground as over 13 million adults in Britain have hearing loss. However, when the product goes global, it may transform the lives of some 430 million people. This represents 5 percent of the world’s population and includes 70 million people with total hearing loss.
This is a game changer for the deaf and is applauded by hearing loss charity RNID and Deaf Kidz International. Mark Atkinson of the charity wore them, saying, “As a deaf person myself, I was blown away by this technology. When I tried on the glasses, I was astonished that real-time subtitles enabled me to engage and participate as never before."
For Scarfe and his startup, this is only the beginning. After the testing, XRAI will work with users’ feedback, hoping to make the product available to the public soon. He also imagines using smart glasses to translate languages, understand accents and voice tones.
62．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How Scarfe helped his grandfather out. B．Scarfe’s grandfather’s hearing problem.
C．Scarfe’s special care for his grandfather. D．How Scarfe got the idea for his invention.
63．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The audio. B．A smartphone.
C．A microphone. D．Software technology.
64．What can be inferred about XRAI glasses
A．They have passed strict testing. B．They have great market potential.
C．They have been rejected in the UK. D．They are well accepted worldwide.
65．Why does the author mention Mark Atkinson
A．To tell XRAI users’ high expectations. B．To speak highly of the new innovation.
C．To doubt the possibility of Scarfe’s plans. D．To show the availability of XRAI glasses.
Top Summer Math Programs for High School Students
Canada/USA Mathcamp
This summer program offers gifted high school students the chance to “live and breathe” mathematics. Throughout the program, students explore undergraduate- and graduate-level mathematical topics. They design their own curriculum by choosing their own classes and learn from professional mathematicians in the process. Mathcampers also get the opportunity to go hiking, whitewater rafting(漂流), rock climbing and much more.
Cost: $4,500 (Financial aid is available, and the program is free for families with household incomes under $65,000)
Location: Ohio State University
Ross Mathematics Program
The program focuses on one central mathematical concept—number theory. Participants spend the entire summer solving problem sets related to integers(整数)and their properties. This process provides a great foundation for students interested in conducting mathematical research in the future.
Cost: $6,000(Financial aid is available)
Location: two campuses (Columbus, Ohio 8. Terre Haute, Indiana)
Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists (PROMYS)
For over three decades, PROMYS has been a place of mathematical exploration for talented high school students. Students in this program attend seminars on advanced mathematical topics. They also get the chance to participate in research projects under the guidance of professional mathematicians.
Cost: $5,500 (Financial aid is available, and the program is free for US families with household incomes under $ 60,000)
Location: Boston University
Stanford University Math Camp (SUMaC)
Students in this program choose between two courses—algebraic topology(代数拓扑学)and abstract algebra &. number theory. Both to picsare major areas of modern mathematical research. In both courses, students engage in daily problem sets, work with Stanford graduate students and attend lectures from mathematicians.
Cost: $3,250(Financial aid is available)
Location: online
66．Which program allows the participants to go on field trips
A．SUMaC． B．PROMYS.
C．Ross Mathematics Program. D．Canada/USA Mathcamp.
67．What can the participants of PROMYS do
A．Conduct lab research independently. B．Get professional guidance on research.
C．Attend online seminars on math basics. D．Interact with Stanford graduate students.
68．How does the last program differ from the other three
A．Students focus on one concept. B．It is intended for gifted students.
C．Students attend it on the Internet. D．It is totally free for poor students.
Climate activist Henry Emson told Euronews that when he became a father seven years ago, he was worried about his family’s effect on the environment. After doing some research, he found the best way to eliminate their carbon footprint was by planting giant sequoia trees(巨型红杉树).
Giant sequoias are ideal for capturing carbon dioxide because they continue to grow consistently for centuries, storing CO2 over time. General Sherman, the world’s largest sequoia tree, has stored an estimated 1,500 tons of CO2 in its trunk over the last 2,200 years and could live another 800 years. The average human could generate close to 1,000 tons of CO2 over their lifetime, so planting one giant sequoia could effectively reduce the carbon footprint of more than one person.
After realizing the power giant sequoias have to fight climate change, Emson devoted his life to planting thousands in the UK by creating the One Life One Tree project. Its final goal is to plant 100,000 giant sequoias in the UK by 2030, and according to The Mirror, as of March 2022, it has already planted 700. Trees are currently being planted near Abergavenny in Wales and the project is expanding to Devon, the Lake District and Scotland.
While the common assumption is that these giant trees can only be grown in Northern California, they actually do well in the UK at a time when the sequoia population is threatened back home.
According to One Tree One Life, 95% of the old-growth sequoia population has been logged over the past two centuries and what remains is under threat from climate change. “A 10 year＋ drought and temperature increase have greatly damaged the health of the trees. A secondary impact of the drought is making them increasingly susceptible(易受影响的)to insect attack and fire,” the site says.
Considering the danger that climate change is causing giant sequoias in California, Emson’s work also benefits these trees. “They’re like climate refugees(难民)—we help them with assisted migration,” he told Euronews.
69．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．Measure. B．Remove. C．Overlook. D．Spread.
70．How does the text mainly show giant sequoias’ ability to store CO2
A．By giving an example. B．By doing an experiment.
C．By making comparisons. D．By referring to comments.
71．Why did Henry Emson launch the One Life One Tree project
A．To protect the environment by planting trees.
B．To test the adaptability of giant sequoia trees.
C．To save different kinds of endangered trees.
D．To prove the value of giant sequoias to his kids.
72．What can be learned about Henry Emson’s work
A．It disturbs the whole ecosystem of California.
B．It indirectly turns giant sequoias into refugees.
C．It helps promote the survival of giant sequoias.
D．It assists California in recovering from drought.
For humans, the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic were a stressful time, marked by fear, isolation(隔离), canceled plans and uncertainty. But for birds that inhabit developed areas of the Pacific Northwest, the reduction in noise due to pandemic lock downs allowed them to use a wider range of habitats in cities.
A new University of Washington study led by Olivia Sander foot reported that many birds were just as likely to be found in highly developed urban areas as they were in less-developed green spaces during the peak of the COVID-19 lock downs.
“Our findings suggest that some birds may have been able to use more spaces in cities because our human footprint was a little lighter,” said Sander foot. “For about half of the species we observed, neither land use nor canopy cover(林冠盖度)had an effect on their site use. That’s very interesting, because we had expected that whether a habitat was mostly covered in concrete or vegetation could tell us something about what birds would be there.”
In the spring of 2020, Sander foot and her colleagues invited more than 900 community scientists in the Pacific Northwest to participate in the study. The volunteers chose their own monitoring sites—mostly backyards and parks where they could safely follow public health orders—and recorded the birds they observed over a 10-minute period at least once a week.
In order to compare the volunteers’ bird observations with human activity, Sander foot and her colleagues used data from Google’s Community Mobility Reports, which track the relative amount of people moving around at various points during the pandemic. While most people spent the spring of 2020 isolated in their homes, many began venturing out again over the course of the study period.
As people returned to public spaces and human activity increased, the study volunteers recorded an increase in sightings of several bird species in their monitoring sites.
“The birds mostly were in highly developed urban areas at the height of the lock downs, because human activity wasn’t as much of a disturbance, but then returned to those vegetated areas as human activity increased again,” Sander foot said.
73．What benefit could birds get during the pandemic lock downs
A．Gaining more human attention. B．Living in a lively environment.
C．Expanding their living places. D．Returning to vegetated areas.
74．What can we learn from Sander foot’s words in paragraph 3
A．Birds actually dislike living in big cities. B．It is very difficult to identify bird species.
C．The findings aren’t what he expected. D．Human footprint hardly affects bird species.
75．What did Sander foot and her colleagues do for their study
A．They got community scientists involved in it.
B．They tracked human activity for a whole year.
C．They chose monitoring sites for the volunteers.
D．They only observed birds in less-developed areas.
76．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Influence of the Pandemic on Humans
B．The Impact of Human Activity on Green Spaces
C．How Birds Adapt Themselves to Uncertainty
D．Birds’ Habitat Change During the Pandemic
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约市出台的新政：利用雷达技术探测噪音大的车辆并进行罚款，以此来控制城市车辆噪音。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The city’s Department of Environmental Protection now has plans to expand the use of technology to enforce (强制执行) noise rules. (该市环境保护部现在计划扩大技术的使用，以执行噪音规定)”可推知，扩大使用雷达探测范围意味着的更多的人将因车辆噪音大而受到惩罚。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“City Council member Erik Bottcher told the Associated Press (AP) vehicles with illegally changed parts can produce extremely loud sounds. He said they have been a growing problem in recent years. (市议会成员埃里克·博特彻告诉美联社，非法更换零部件的车辆会发出非常大的声音。他说，近年来，这是一个日益严重的问题)”可知，Bottcher担忧的是车辆的非法改装。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The AP says there is evidence to support the idea that noise affects not only hearing but also mood and mental health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) even says there are possible links between noise and higher risks for heart disease and raised blood pressure.(美联社表示，有证据表明噪音不仅会影响听力，还会影响情绪和心理健康。美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDCP)甚至表示，噪音与心脏病和血压升高的高风险之间可能存在联系)”可推知，本段旨在提供政府控制车辆噪音的医学依据。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, some people in the city say the government efforts to quiet loud vehicles have gone too far.(然而，该市一些人表示，让噪音车辆安静下来的努力太过了)”可知，有人认为政府举动过头，这说明并不是所有人都赞成这项噪音新政。故选B项。
5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一只名叫Luna的猎犬意外走失七天，被众人发现并合力解救出来使之与主人团圆的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost, somehow falling off a cliff and landing on a two-foot wide ledge.(据信，卢娜在院子里追赶一只动物，迷路了，不知怎么掉下了悬崖，落在了一个两英尺宽的岩架上)”可知，卢娜追赶一只动物，然后失踪了。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Across the water, Ron Cheeke had heard Luna’s cries for help.(河对岸，罗恩·奇克听到了卢娜的呼救声)”及“He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound. “I used a pot, and every time I banged on the pot, the dog barked back,” Cheeke told CTV News.(他甚至在船上搜索了该地区，试图确定声音的确切来源。奇克告诉CTV新闻：“我用了一个锅，每次我敲锅，狗就会吠叫。”)”可知，Cheeke听见狗叫声，然后拍打锅弄出声音，吸引狗叫回应，以便判断狗叫声来源进而确定其位置。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help.(奇克说，他自己的狗最近死了，他很想帮忙)”可知，Cheeke的狗最近离世，所以他感同身受，愿意去帮助狗的主人。因此我们可以判断Cheeke是有同情心的人。故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文讲述一只名叫Luna的猎犬意外走失，七天后被众人发现并合力解救出来，使之与主人团圆的故事。因此B项“A Missing Dog Reunited with Owner (一只失踪的狗与主人团聚)”是最佳标题。故选B项。
9．C 10．A 11．A 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们使用干细胞在实验室培养出全新的的红细胞，以供人们输血使用的一项新实验。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is a constant demand for blood transfusions, and there are often shortages.(输血的需求是持续不断的，而且经常出现短缺。)”可知，科学家们在实验室里培育新的红细胞的原因是血经常出现短缺，即总是没有足够的血。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The new red blood cells can be adjusted for people with different blood types. (新的红细胞可以根据不同血型的人进行调整。)”可知，实验室培养的红细胞可以根据不同的血型进行调整，即使用起来更加灵活，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still needs to be done. But if it’s successful, in the future the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.(在实验室培养红细胞是极其昂贵的。还有很多工作和测试要做。但是如果成功的话，将来这个过程会使那些经常需要输血的病人——甚至是那些罕见血型的病人——的生活变得容易得多。)”可知，作者认为这个实验既有好处也有缺点，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的，故选A。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“For the first time ever, scientists’ are testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The new trial is being carried out in the United Kingdom. The project is being run by the National Health Service’s Blood and Transplant unit and the University of Bristol, along with other universities.(有史以来第一次，科学家们在人类志愿者身上测试实验室培养的红细胞。新的实验正在英国进行。该项目由国家卫生服务局的血液和移植部门和布里斯托尔大学以及其他大学共同运作。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们使用干细胞在实验室培养出全新的的红细胞，以供人们输血使用的一项新实验。由此可知，A项“科学家测试在实验室里培养的血液”适合做文章标题，故选A。
13．D 14．B 15．A 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍研究人员的两项研究指出表扬孩子措辞上的差异会产生巨大的影响，措辞不当可能会带来负面后果，建议家长表扬孩子的具体行为。
13．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“While you might believe you are encouraging a child by saying “you are awesome”, this can, in fact, lead them to cheat in order to uphold the positive character assessment. Instead, their actions and behavior should be praised.(虽然你可能认为说“你真棒”是在鼓励孩子，但事实上，这可能会导致他们作弊，以维持积极的性格评估。相反，他们的行为应该受到表扬。)”可知，家长应该表扬孩子的具体行为，所以D选项“你画的真棒”这种表扬属于积极鼓励。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The second experiment, published in Developmental Science, set out with a similar assumption. They told certain children they had a reputation for being smart. Hearing this kind of praise was associated with a higher tendency to cheat.(发表在《发展科学》杂志上的第二个实验也提出了类似的假设。他们告诉某些孩子，他们有聪明的名声。听到这样的赞美与更高的欺骗倾向有关。)”可推知，第二个实验的目的是为研究寻找支持性证据。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New research highlights how different forms of praise can promote positive encouragement, while others can backfire(适得其反) by promoting dishonesty and lying.(新的研究强调，不同形式的表扬可以促进积极的鼓励，而其他形式的表扬则会适得其反，助长不诚实和说谎。)”和倒数第二段“The important difference in wording can have a huge effect.(措辞上的重要差异会产生巨大的影响。)”可知，从这些研究中可以推断出表扬比看起来要复杂得多，故选A项。
16．推理判断题。文章通过介绍研究人员的两项研究指出表扬孩子措辞上的差异会产生巨大的影响，措辞不当可能会带来负面后果，建议家长表扬孩子的具体行为，这属于研究范畴，因此这篇文章很可能出自一本科学杂志，故选D项。
17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端髙温可能造成低收入国家和地区的孩子营养不良，进而影响社会的发展进步。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Exposure to extreme heat increases malnutrition (营养不良) among babies and young children in low-income countries, threatening to change decades of progress, Cornell research finds.(康奈尔大学的研究发现，极端高温会增加低收入国家婴儿和幼儿的营养不良，有可能改变几十年来取得的进步)”推知，极端高温造成的营养不良最终会造成社会倒退。故选C项。
18．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“We’re talking about children at a very young age that will have changes for the rest of their lives, so this is permanently affecting their potential(我们谈论的是很小的孩子，他们的余生都会发生变化，所以这会永久影响他们的潜能)”可知幼年时期的营养不良对个体造成的影响是一辈子的，因此这些影响是无法改变的。由此可知，划线词irreversible意为“无法改变的”。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rather, they suggest, a combination of factors may be at work as children transition away from breastfeeding(母乳喂养), including a higher risk of contracting pathogens(病原体)from food and water, and lower consumption of protein from animal sources, possibly due to extreme heat hurting agricultural productivity.(相反，他们认为，在儿童从母乳喂养过渡的过程中，可能有多种因素在起作用，包括从食物和水中感染病原体的风险更高，以及来自动物来源的蛋白质摄入减少，这可能是由于极端高温损害了农业生产力)”可知，极端髙温造成的营养不良可能有多方面原因，故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Exposure to extreme heat increases malnutrition (营养不良) among babies and young children in low-income countries, threatening to change decades of progress, Cornell research finds.( 康奈尔大学的研究发现，暴露在极端高温下会增加低收入国家婴儿和幼儿的营养不良，这可能会改变几十年来的进步)”、第四段“The findings are worrying, the researchers said, because temperatures in West Africa are rising and expected to continue to do so for several decades. And the effects of malnutrition in early childhood, which are linked to higher death rates and to lower education and incomes in adulthood, are irreversible.( 研究人员表示，这些发现令人担忧，因为西非的气温正在上升，预计还会持续几十年。儿童早期营养不良的影响是不可逆转的，它与更高的死亡率以及成年后较低的教育和收入有关)”以及最后一段“More research is needed to discover the drivers of those effects exactly, which are most evident between 6 and 15 months, but they are likely not physiological (生理的) responses to direct heat, the researchers predicted(研究人员预测，还需要更多的研究来准确发现这些影响的驱动因素，这些影响在6到15个月之间最为明显，但它们可能不是对直接热量的生理反应)”可知，这是一篇说明文，文章探讨的是极端髙温对于社会发展的影响。由此推知，在杂志的“社会”部分可以找到类似内容，故选B项。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了由卡内基梅隆大学的分拆公司Shift Robotics设计的世界上最快的鞋子，名为月球漫步者。穿着它走路，你的行走速度会提高250%。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“A Pittsburgh-based robotics and engineering startup recently promoted Moonwalkers, a pair of battery-powered shoes that it claims can boost walk speeds by up to 250%.(一家总部在美国匹兹堡的机器人与工程初创企业近日推出了一款名为“月球漫步者”的电池供电鞋，据称可以将步行速度提高250%之多)”可知，月球漫步者的功能是能加快步行速度，故选B项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“You don’t skate in them. You walk. You don’t have to learn how to use them, the shoes learn from you.( 你不是穿着它滑行，而是步行，你无须学习如何使用这种鞋，鞋子会学习你的走路方式)”可知，创始人兼首席执行官Xunjie Zang认为这个鞋子具有智能性，故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据第五段“But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven place, or things like stairs ( 但是，穿着这款世界最快鞋能否在不平坦的地形上行走或爬楼梯呢？)”以及下文“the designers took that into consideration and created a part that allows the wearer t