2023届高考英语阅读七选五题型针对练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语阅读七选五题型针对练（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-26 08:43:54 | ||
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阅读七选五题型针对练
小标题类
Test 1
(2022·南通市第一次调研测试)Every day, a lot of people move house. With new-found appreciation for space and air, it may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible.___1____ Here's some expert advice on how to build a new community.
___2____
Ask people you already know if they could introduce you to anyone in the location to which you are moving. The posting on social media is probably the easiest way to tap your friends' friends. It increases the chance that there's someone you will get along with.
Don't expect friends to magically appear.
___3____ People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet other people and not assume that friends are just going to fall into their lives. As people become familiar to us, we like them more, and it's completely unconscious.
Be open to a broader range of people.
You have spent a lifetime narrowing your social circle to those you really care about, but the chances are you're not going to meet new best friends in your new area instantly. When it comes to friendships, having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and well-being. But even having brief interactions with people in general benefits us. ___4____Don't despair.
Remember to maintain pre-existing friendships, so that you're not feeling lonely and disconnected while developing new relationships.___5____ But people don't realize that if they put themselves out there, the process can go faster than they think. It really makes a difference if you're willing to attend different events; you can really change your social life.
A．Make a public appeal.
B．Put some work in before you move.
C．Quality is best, but quantity still does something.
D．It can take a long time to build up new friendships.
E．But now the pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers.
F．It doesn't necessarily mean you made the wrong decision on the move.
G．We tend to think friendships happen naturally, but that's a huge misconception.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家给出的关于如何在新社区与他人相识相知的建议，包括在搬家前通过朋友介绍结识新朋友和广泛结交社区的朋友等。
1．E 根据上句可知，搬到新居让人们感觉到似乎要开始新的生活模式了；根据下句可知，下文介绍的是有关如何构建新的社区关系的专家建议。据此可以推知，空处与上文构成转折，说明社区中人们沟通的困难情况。故E项符合语境。
2．B 由第二段首句可知，建议让你了解的人将你介绍给新搬到的社区中的某个人；据此可知，该段主要建议在搬家前做好准备工作。故B项符合语境。
3．G 根据该段小标题可知，该段主要内容为“不要指望朋友会如魔法般出现在新社区里”；G项(我们倾向于认为朋友会自然地出现，但是那是一个巨大的误解)与小标题对应，符合语境。
4．C 根据设空处前两句可知，有好朋友固然有益于身心健康，但泛泛之交仍然对我们有好处。设空处总结上文，说明质量固然重要，但数量也起作用。故C项符合语境。
5．D 根据上句可知，在结识新朋友的时候，要和老朋友保持联系，这样才不会孤独；D项中的new friendships与上句中的new relationships对应，说明结识新朋友要花很长时间，故D项符合语境。
Test 2
(2022·杭州市教学质量检测)Reading is essential but how can one choose the right books to read and where can one find them A few famous people may give you some helpful tips.
·Read books from past eras.
___1____ Otherwise, you'd be “completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times”， just as Albert Einstein put it. “Somebody who reads only newspapers and at best books of contemporary authors looks to me like an extremely near-sighted person who scorns (鄙视) eyeglasses，”he said.
· ___2____
Reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on you. Seneca the Younger, a first-century Roman philosopher, suggested that you must linger among a limited number of master thinkers, and digest their works, if you would derive ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind.
·Shop at second-hand bookstores.
Virginia Woolf believed the works in second-hand bookstores have an attraction which the usual volumes of the library lack. Browsing through these books gives you the chance to run into something that wouldn't have risen to the attention of librarians and booksellers. ___3____
·Check out authors' reading lists.
In his 1940 guide How to Read a Book, American philosopher Mortimer J．Adler talked about how to choose books. He attached importance to those that other authors consider worth reading. ___4____ Mortimer wrote that “one way to understand them is to read the books they read”．
·Make the final decision by yourself.
5 It's you who should choose what, how and when to read. Theodore Roosevelt recommended choosing books on subjects that interest you and letting your mood guide you to your next great read.
A．Interest is the best teacher.
B．Great authors are great readers.
C．Leave some room for older works.
D．Learn more about those great authors.
E．Don't jump too quickly from book to book.
F．There's no “best books” list that everyone should follow.
G．Usually they are much more selective in organizing their collections than second-hand book owners.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了多位名人给出的一些与阅读有关的有用的建议。
1．C 根据该段小标题Read books from past eras.并结合该段内容可知，你需要阅读一些过去的书，而不是只读报纸和当代作家的书籍。故C项(给老作品留些空间)符合语境。
2．E 根据该段内容可知，本段主要讲述了不要在太短时间内阅读太多种类的书籍，故E项(不要太快地从一本书跳到另一本书)符合语境。
3．G 根据该段的关键词second-hand bookstores可知，该段主要讲述了二手书店里的作品具有平常图书馆的藏书所没有的吸引力，能给人带来些许惊喜。故G项(通常他们在整理藏书时比二手书商更有选择性)符合语境。G项中的they指代上文提到的librarians and booksellers。
4．B 根据上文的He attached importance ...consider worth reading.可知，需要重视那些其他作家推荐的值得阅读的书，再结合下文内容可知，理解作家的一个方式就是读他们读的书。故B项(伟大的作家是伟大的读者)符合语境。
5．F 本段主要讲述了最后的决定需要自己做。再结合空后的内容可知，F项(没有每个人都可以遵循的“最好的书”的清单)符合语境，说明每个人的选择都是个性化的。
Test 3
Most teens need about 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. Getting the right amount of sleep is essential for anyone who wants to do well on a test or play sports. Unfortunately, many teens don't get enough sleep.
___1____ Here are some of the signs that you may need more sleep：
·difficulty waking up in the morning
·inability to concentrate
·falling asleep during classes
Here are some things that may help you to sleep better：
· ___2____ Going to bed at the same time each night signals to your body that it's time to sleep. Waking up at the same time every day can also help establish sleep patterns. So try to stick as closely as you can to your sleep schedule, even on weekends.
·Exercise regularly. Try not to exercise right before bed, though, as it can make it harder for you to fall asleep. ___3____ Many sleep experts believe that exercising in late afternoon may actually help a person sleep.
·___4____ Avoid violent, scary, or action movies or television shows right before bed — anything that might set your mind and heart racing. Reading books with involved or active plots may also keep you from falling or staying asleep.
·Create the right sleeping environment.___5____ Close your blinds or curtains. Light signals the brain that it's time to wake up. Staying away from bright lights (including computer screens)!
A．Relax your mind.
B．Set a regular bedtime.
C．Break the habit of staying up late.
D．Sleeping plays an important part in our lives.
E．Finish exercising at least 3 hours before bedtime.
F．Studies show that people sleep best in a dark room.
G．Even if you think you are getting enough sleep, you might not be.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。睡眠对我们的重要性不言而喻，文章给我们提供了一些保证睡眠质量的好建议。
1．G 上下文都在谈论睡眠时间是否足够的问题，故G项符合语境。
2．B 本段主要建议我们应该严格遵守固定的作息时间，故B项适合作为小标题。
3．E 上文建议我们不要在睡觉前进行锻炼，故E项符合语境。
4．A 本段主要建议我们避免在睡前做一些刺激的事情，应该做一些让人放松的事情。故A项适合作为小标题。
5．F 下文建议我们睡前关上百叶窗或窗帘，避免亮光。这些正好是对F项的具体说明。
段首句类
Test 1
(2022·马鞍山市教学质量监测二)Studying smarter, not longer, matters now more than ever, with students in many countries having to manage their time and study more on their own. ___1____ The good news: Science points to ones that really work.
Use pictures. Pay attention to drawings, graphics, charts and other visual aids in your class materials, psychologist Mark McDaniel says. “ ___2____ And if there aren't pictures, creating them can be really, really useful.”
Find examples. Abstract concepts can be hard to understand. It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something, psychologist Cynthia Nebel says. For instance, sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid. ___3____ But if you think about a lemon or vinegar, it's easier to understand and remember that acids and sourness go together.
___4____ Psychologist Nate Komell “definitely did cram (突击准备)” before big tests when he was a student. He still thinks it's a good idea to study the day before a big test. But research shows it's a bad idea to cram all your studying into that day. Instead, allow time between study sessions and you'll learn and remember materials better.
Dig deeper. It's hard to remember a string of facts and figures if you don't push further. Ask why things are in a certain way. How did they come about Why do they matter Psychologists call this elaboration. “It's asking a lot of how and why questions about it，” Nebel says.___5____
Try adding just one new study skill each week or two. It may seem odd at first. But, after two weeks, it will become a normal thing.
A．Reread books and notes.
B．Space out your studying.
C．They really boost your memory of the material.
D．Yet many students have never learned those skills.
E．In other words, don't just take facts at face value.
F．On its own, that concept might be hard to remember.
G．It's like telling students to learn to swim by “just swimming”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种有效的学习方法。
1．D 根据语境可知，设空处应为一个转折句，引出本文的话题，起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
2．C 根据上文的Pay attention to ... Mark McDaniel says.可知，心理学家Mark McDaniel说，在课堂材料中要注意绘画、图形、图表和其他视觉辅助材料。C项介绍使用这些视觉材料的原因——帮助记忆，符合语境。
3．F 空后提到如果你想到柠檬或醋，就更容易理解并记住酸和酸味是相伴而生的。设空处与空后内容构成转折关系，说明这一概念很难记住。
4．B 根据下文的But research shows ...remember materials better.可知，研究表明，把所有的学习都塞进一天里可不是个好主意；相反，在每段学习之间留出时间，这样你就能更好地学习和记忆材料。因此该段主要建议分段学习，而不是考前突击。
5．E 根据上文的It's asking ...questions about it可知，这种深挖法问了很多如何和为什么的问题，设空处对这种做法作出解释，即：换言之，不要只接受事实的表面。
Test 2
(2022·甘肃省第二次诊断考试)Good note-taking can be very important to academic success. Notes can help you finish projects properly and pass tests. ___1____ To do so, use note-taking techniques for written text or verbal presentations such as lectures and meetings.
Note details at the top of your paper. Keep your notes organized by writing important details at the top of each page including the date and page number of your notes.____2_____And you can get important information even more easily.
___3____ Write down key facts, ideas, and details in your own words. Taking notes in your own words actively engages your brain, helps you better understand the text, and makes you more likely to remember the information.
Develop your own system of signs and symbols that can help you more quickly take notes and review them. For example, “SM” for “scientific method”．
Write keywords instead of full sentences. It is impossible to take all the information down. ___4____ Instead, use keywords to say the same things in a short and manageable way that you can easily and quickly review later.
Skip lines on the paper for later review. As you write your keywords and ideas down, leave space between each line. Having extra room allows you to make additional notes.___5____
A．Use your own language.
B．Help your brain with notes.
C．However, you may not be sure how to take notes.
D．Avoid using full sentences while writing your notes.
E．Here are some useful tips to help take notes effectively.
F．Noting details can make it easier for you to return to your notes.
G．This helps you quickly have all of the material relevant to that keyword or idea.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记笔记的方法。
1．C 上文讲到记笔记可以帮助你正确地完成项目并通过测试；下文讲要做到这一点，可以使用记笔记的技巧。由此可知，设空处承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，说明你可能不确定如何记笔记，C项符合语境。
2．F 上文讲到在每一页的顶部写上重要的细节，包括笔记的日期和页码，这样会使你的笔记有条理。设空处与上文对应，说明在记笔记时记下这些细节的好处，F项符合语境。
3．A 根据空后内容尤其是in your own words可知，本段主要建议用自己的语言记下关键点。故A项符合语境。
4．D 上文讲到要把所有的信息都记下来是不可能的，故D项(记笔记时避免使用完整的句子)承接上文，符合语境。
5．G 上文讲到在写下关键词和想法时，在每一行之间留出空间，以做额外的笔记。设空处说明此举的目的，即帮助你快速找到与那个关键词或想法相关的所有材料。故G项符合语境。
Test 3
In many countries the best, and sometimes only, path to acceptance to a university is having high test scores or good grades.
In the US, admissions officials almost always ask students to list the activities they are involved in outside of the classroom in their applications. ___1____ This method of considering both academic success and non-academic skills is known as holistic (全面的) admissions.
The more a school knows about a student's interests, the more they understand the student.____2_____The best American universities receive thousands of applications from both inside and outside the country. For example, Washington University had over 30，000 applicants for the 2017 school year. But it only had room to accept about 16 percent of them.
___3____ What would schools value more：playing basketball or singing in a musical group Is it more important to spend weekends serving free food to homeless people or cleaning up a public park
Thinking about holistic admissions in this way is not helpful. Instead of trying to figure out which activities are better than others, you should think about which activities serve you best as an individual. ___4____A student could explain their interest in reading many books or even exploring their home city.___5____ Students, for example, can bring attention to their special qualities in the writing samples they provide, or the letters they ask teachers to write in support of them.
The holistic method lets admissions officials pay more attention to the qualities they are looking for, not only academics.
A．Many universities only value test scores.
B．You can do almost anything, as long as it's legal.
C．It's difficult to choose an activity that suits you best.
D．Some students might wonder how to choose activities.
E．This is especially important for the top universities in the US.
F．These activities can show that a student possesses the qualities they are looking for.
G．Also, there are other places where a student can describe their non-academic interests.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国很多大学在录取新生时，不仅看考试成绩，还要看他们过去在校内外参加过什么活动。
1．F 上句说美国大学的招生官员要求学生在申请中填写过去参加过的活动，F项接着说这样做的目的(发现学生的综合素质)，符合语境。
2．E 上句说明招生官员了解学生兴趣的重要性，下句举例说明美国重点大学都是这样做的，E项承上启下，符合语境。
3．D 下文说明学生对于选择活动所存在的困惑，D项起引领本段的作用，符合语境。
4．B 上文指出学生选择活动时应该考虑对个人发展最有利的，B项进一步说明选择活动其实范围很大，符合语境。
5．G 下文举例说明学生应该在哪些地方展示个人的特殊兴趣和爱好，由此可知，这里应该对此先进行概括说明，故G项符合语境。
段中句类
Test 1
A picture speaks a thousand words. And with over a thousand emoji pictures to represent our words, who needs to speak or write any more？！ Let's take a closer look at the UK's fastest-growing language.
According to Professor Vyv Evans of Bangor University, emoji is the UK's fastest-growing language — evolving faster than any language in history. __1__ In the UK they are becoming more popular than internet abbreviations (缩写) like “lol (laughing out loud)”， “muah (the sound of a kiss)”or “xoxoxo (hugs and kisses)”. __2__ In New York's Museum of Modern Art you can now see the first set of the 176 original emojis.
__3__ But why They allow us to personalise text and have fun as we express ourselves, make people laugh and be creative in how we use them. UK teenagers also told us they really appreciated the fact that emojis are quick and easy.
People also really identify with their favourite emojis. __4__ What does your recently used emoji board say about you Is it full of party poppers (礼花) and smileys Or unhappy faces In the UK, the most used emojis are “face with tears of joy”， “face blowing a kiss” and “love heart”. __5__ You can also tell a lot about a culture from their emoji complaints. Until 2015 when the “cheese wedge” arrived, British people were constantly complaining about the lack of cheese! Now, the addition of “bacon” in 2016 means we're very close to a full English breakfast.
A．We all seem to like emojis.
B．Emojis are more effective than words.
C．They make online chatting more colourful.
D．The emojis we choose can reflect our personality.
E．They have inspired fashion and are even recognised as art!
F．Maybe the British are more fun and romantic than people think!
G．These little electronic images started in Japanese mobile phones in the 90s and are now hugely popular.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。表情符号在网络上无处不在。它们为什么受到人们的广泛欢迎呢？
1．G 上句提到表情符号的演绎和发展，而G项追溯了其源头，故G项符合语境。
2．E 下句提到表情符号进入了纽约现代艺术博物馆，这说明它被人们视为艺术，故E项符合语境。
3．A 下文解释了人们喜欢表情符号的原因，因此But why？前必然是陈述了此事实，故A项符合语境。
4．D 上句指出人们跟自己喜欢的表情符号会有某种关联，也就是说，我们选择的表情符号会反映我们的性格。故D项符合语境。
5．F 上句提到在英国最受欢迎的表情符号包括“笑哭”“飞吻”和“爱心”，这显然说明英国人还是很浪漫的。故F项符合语境。
Test 2
Lists that rate colleges and universities are very popular among parents and students in the United States. But are published lists the best way to choose the right school
The best known ranking is probably by the magazine US News & World Report. __1__ US News & World Report published its first “America's Best Colleges” report in 1983. Since then, some educators have questioned the published rankings and how useful they are.
A number of magazines publish lists of college rankings once every year. High school students use the lists as reference guides when considering where to continue their education. __2__ Across the country, more than 4，000 colleges and universities offer undergraduate degree programs.
Last month, Forbes published its college ratings for 2022. It listed 650 schools. Like other lists, Forbes considers things like student satisfaction, how successful college graduates are and how much money they make. The magazine adds another important piece of information: how much debt students will owe after they graduate.
__3__ All of them said students and parents should look at more than just rankings because they do not tell the whole story about a school.
Ray Anderson of Virginia is a former high school principal. He now works with a service called AGM-College Advisors. __4__ Anderson says what is most important to him is knowing what the student wants, likes and is capable of doing.
Jeffrey Stahl agrees that rankings have limited value. In his job as a counselor at Yorktown High School in Virginia, he talks with students about colleges. __5__ Then, they should widen their search and go see the colleges for themselves.
A．We spoke with many education experts.
B．Choosing a college is of great importance.
C．There are plenty of schools to choose from.
D．Some students place too much attention on the rankings.
E．It provides guidance on higher education to students and their families.
F．He suggests that families use the ranking information as a starting point.
G．On top of the magazine's list this year are schools known around the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大学排行榜如今非常流行，我们应该怎么看待它们呢？
1．G 上句提到了US News & World Report这一杂志以及其大学排行榜，故G项符合语境。
2．C 下句提到美国有4，000多所高校，这正是对C项意义的延伸和补充。
3．A 下句中的All of them暗示上句提到了“一些人”，故A项符合语境，them指A项中的many education experts。
4．E 上句提到了AGM-College Advisors这一服务项目，E项则是对这一项目的进一步解释和说明。
5．F 上文引出Jeffrey Stahl这一教育界人物，这里应该进一步介绍其观点，故F项符合语境。
Test 3
(2022·合肥市教学质量检测一)There are many things that you can do to try and prepare for your very first concert. Want to find out more Simply look below.
One of the first things you need to know before you go to your very first concert is that it can be very tiring. You have to wait in very long lines and you will need to stand for the whole night too. __1__ Try and make sure that you wear comfortable shoes.
What really matters is that you have to be familiar with the band, as this will help you to maximise the amount of fun you can have when at the concert. __2__ There are many ways that you can do this, and there are even sites that are devoted to their setlists as well. Remember that singing along with friends around you is one of the best experiences.
Also, you may find people can get pretty lively when you are at a rock or heavy metal concert. Sometimes people will knock or elbow you, but you have to remember that they are not doing this on purpose. They may just be getting carried away. __3__ Most of the time, people who go to concerts are lovely but be prepared for a surplus of movement when you get deep into the crowd.
__4__ Wave your arms around, clap your hands and maybe sway a little. Try and enjoy yourself and forget about how tired you may be for a moment. If you can do this then you know that you can have the best time ever.
Finally, take some pictures. It doesn't matter what experience you are looking for, because you'll want to remember your very first concert if you can. __5__ If you are concerned about damaging your good camera, then invest in a disposable camera.
A．Try and keep your cool.
B．Be low-key and try not to panic.
C．Listen to the songs that are played beforehand.
D．You need to make sure that you do your bit to participate.
E．Memories may go away，but pictures are easily here to stay.
F．This is why it is so important that you dress comfortably.
G．You might as well put away your camera in case it gets broken in the crowd.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参加音乐会的建议，包括前期准备、期间互动、拍照等。
1．F 根据下文Try and make ...comfortable shoes.可知，设空处建议穿上舒适的鞋子排队等候；结合上文陈述的内容可以推知，设空处应说明穿着舒适服装的重要性。
2．C 根据上句可知，熟悉乐队非常重要；根据该段尾句可知，和身边的朋友一起唱歌是最好的体验之一。据此可知，设空处建议听一听预先播放的歌曲。
3．A 根据上文可知，听摇滚或重金属音乐会时，人们有时会碰到你或用肘挤你，但他们不是故意的。据此可知，设空处建议此时应当保持冷静，不与他们产生冲突。
4．D 根据空后一句可知，在参加音乐会时挥动手臂、鼓掌、摇摆。据此可知，设空处说明要融入音乐会进行互动。
5．B 根据空后一句可知，如果担心损坏你的好相机，那么就买个一次性相机。据此可以推知，设空处建议拍照时不要惊慌。
段尾句类
Test 1
(2022·南京市六校联合体调研)
Why we forget
Remembering things is an important function of our brain — if we can't recall how to do something, we can't survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember — from where we leave our car keys to how we walk. ____1_____Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things
Maybe because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later.____2_____It is also possible that memories decline over time. If you don't perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it. This could be because our memory is full, or that our short-term memory is easier to access.
___3____ Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there This is called “The Doorway Effect”. This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about many different things.
So, if you have a mind like a sieve (筛子), it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it. ___4____ That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.
However, forgetting is not always a bad thing! It would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us.___5____
A．That's something worth remembering!
B．Maybe it's no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.
C．But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down.
D．If you don't have these connections, then it can be easier to forget.
E．However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.
F．We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music.
G．Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从科学的角度介绍了“遗忘”背后的原因。但是遗忘并非坏事，我们如果记住周围世界的每一个细节，会浪费认知资源。
1．B 根据上句可知，我们需要记住的事情太多，再结合第二段最后一句及常识可以推知，有时遗忘并不奇怪。故B项符合语境。
2．D 根据上句可知，当我们存储信息时，我们经常会与其他事物建立联系，这有助于我们在以后回忆起它。故D项(如果你没有这些联系，你就可能更容易遗忘)符合语境。
3．C 上段最后一句提到了short-term memory，下文介绍了短暂性记忆，即“门口效应”的例子：走进房间去取东西，结果到了房间却忘了自己想找什么。故C项承上启下，符合语境。
4．G 根据下句提到的“这个时候我们患阿尔茨海默病的风险更大”可以推知，设空处说明年龄增大记忆力减退的现象和原因，故G项符合语境。
5．A 根据上句中的cognitive resources可知，遗忘并非总是坏事，记住所有细节则会浪费认知资源，据此可知，这点值得记住。故A项符合语境。
Test 2
(2022·石家庄市质量检测一)After hours of working, many people find themselves in desperate need of recharging. Some people grab a coffee to stay awake. ____1_____A recent study found that one in five working Americans nap (小睡) during the workday, with 87% of them reporting feeling refreshed afterward. “A power nap can provide the refreshment you need if you're struggling to stay alert or haven't had a good night's sleep，” explains Rebecca Robbins, an associate scientist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital.____2_____However, power naps are only beneficial when they are done correctly.
“You don't have to go to sleep fully，” says James Maas, a professor at Cornell University, who is best known for his work in the field of sleep research. ___3____ He says，“20 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the workday.” However, Maas cautions that longer naps are counterproductive and even harmful. If your power nap time is longer than 40 minutes, you're going to wake up feeling very groggy (昏昏沉沉)．
Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 pm and 3 pm. ___4____To make the most of your power nap, you'd better choose a comfortable place and time to nap. Also, put your alarm away from the bed.___5____ One more thing, get some daylight exposure after your nap. It's best to get up, walk around and see some sunlight to fight any grogginess.
A．Naps are not for everyone.
B．It does boost work productivity.
C．This helps prevent power nap sleepers turning it off easily.
D．He coined the term “Power Nap” more than 50 years ago.
E．Napping any later in the day can affect your sleep at night.
F．Sleep experts say that power naps should be quick and refreshing.
G．However, it may be more beneficial to fight your sleepiness with sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个让工作了几小时的人们在疲惫之后恢复活力的妙招——恢复精力的小睡。
1．G 空前一句讲到了一些人疲惫之后通过喝咖啡保持清醒，下文讲到了20%的美国打工人会在工作日小睡，因此设空处与上文构成转折关系，故G项符合语境。
2．B 空前一句讲到了恢复精力的小睡可以提供你需要的活力，因此设空处讲到的也应该是恢复精力的小睡的好处，故B项符合语境。
3．D 空前一句讲到了James Maas，空后一句讲到了He says，因此设空处讲到的应该还是与James Maas有关的内容，故D项符合语境。
4．E 本段讲到了恢复精力小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点，因此设空处讲到的应该与小睡的时间有关，故E项符合语境。
5．C 空前讲到了把闹钟放在远离床的地方，因此设空处讲到的应是这样做的作用，故C项符合语境。
Test 3
Why are the letters on the keyboard not in alphabetical order ___1____ And so as a grown-up, I decided to research it and write a paper about it.
Let's turn the clock back. About 150 years ago, all letters and business papers were written by hand. Most likely they were written using a pen that had to be dipped in ink every word or two. Writing was slow and messy.
Then some clever inventors built a machine for typing.____2_____The trouble was that if you hit two keys quickly the levers would jam. Jams were most likely when the two keys were close together on the keyboard. Rearranging the letters could reduce jams.
Christopher Sholes was an American inventor who was most successful in reducing jams. He tried various arrangements, always trying to reduce the need to type two keys that were close together. ___3____
He sold his invention to the Remington Company in the United States. In the 1870s, that company built and sold the first commercially successful typewriters. ___4____For 100 years or so after the Remington typewriter arrived, vast numbers of people all over the world trained to become touch typists (meaning they could type even without looking much at the keyboard).___5____ Because so many people became so skilled at using QWERTY, it became very difficult to get everyone to change to any other key arrangement.
A．They had no other choices.
B．They used the QWERTY keyboard.
C．He was a very successful businessman.
D．That question really puzzled me when I was a kid.
E．The first typewriter had the letter keys in alphabetical order.
F．They were employed to type letters and all other kinds of things.
G．The best arrangement he could find was similar to the QWERTY keyboard we all use today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你是否思考过这个问题：电脑键盘上的按键为什么不是按照字母顺序排列的呢？
1．D 上文提出一个问题：电脑键盘上的按键为什么不是按照字母顺序排列的呢？D项承接上文，符合语境。
2．E 上文提到人类发明了第一台用于打字的机器，E项中的The first typewriter与此匹配，承上启下，符合语境。
3．G 上文介绍了Christopher Sholes寻求各种字母排列方案来解决打字时机器卡住的问题，G项中的The best arrangement与上文信息匹配，符合语境。
4．B 上文提到这家公司成功生产和销售了世界上第一批商用打字机，B项是对这批打字机的补充说明，符合语境。
5．F 上文提到这家公司培训了大批打字员，F项则是对这些打字员的进一步补充说明，符合语境。
小标题类
Test 1
(2022·南通市第一次调研测试)Every day, a lot of people move house. With new-found appreciation for space and air, it may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible.___1____ Here's some expert advice on how to build a new community.
___2____
Ask people you already know if they could introduce you to anyone in the location to which you are moving. The posting on social media is probably the easiest way to tap your friends' friends. It increases the chance that there's someone you will get along with.
Don't expect friends to magically appear.
___3____ People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet other people and not assume that friends are just going to fall into their lives. As people become familiar to us, we like them more, and it's completely unconscious.
Be open to a broader range of people.
You have spent a lifetime narrowing your social circle to those you really care about, but the chances are you're not going to meet new best friends in your new area instantly. When it comes to friendships, having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and well-being. But even having brief interactions with people in general benefits us. ___4____Don't despair.
Remember to maintain pre-existing friendships, so that you're not feeling lonely and disconnected while developing new relationships.___5____ But people don't realize that if they put themselves out there, the process can go faster than they think. It really makes a difference if you're willing to attend different events; you can really change your social life.
A．Make a public appeal.
B．Put some work in before you move.
C．Quality is best, but quantity still does something.
D．It can take a long time to build up new friendships.
E．But now the pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers.
F．It doesn't necessarily mean you made the wrong decision on the move.
G．We tend to think friendships happen naturally, but that's a huge misconception.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家给出的关于如何在新社区与他人相识相知的建议，包括在搬家前通过朋友介绍结识新朋友和广泛结交社区的朋友等。
1．E 根据上句可知，搬到新居让人们感觉到似乎要开始新的生活模式了；根据下句可知，下文介绍的是有关如何构建新的社区关系的专家建议。据此可以推知，空处与上文构成转折，说明社区中人们沟通的困难情况。故E项符合语境。
2．B 由第二段首句可知，建议让你了解的人将你介绍给新搬到的社区中的某个人；据此可知，该段主要建议在搬家前做好准备工作。故B项符合语境。
3．G 根据该段小标题可知，该段主要内容为“不要指望朋友会如魔法般出现在新社区里”；G项(我们倾向于认为朋友会自然地出现，但是那是一个巨大的误解)与小标题对应，符合语境。
4．C 根据设空处前两句可知，有好朋友固然有益于身心健康，但泛泛之交仍然对我们有好处。设空处总结上文，说明质量固然重要，但数量也起作用。故C项符合语境。
5．D 根据上句可知，在结识新朋友的时候，要和老朋友保持联系，这样才不会孤独；D项中的new friendships与上句中的new relationships对应，说明结识新朋友要花很长时间，故D项符合语境。
Test 2
(2022·杭州市教学质量检测)Reading is essential but how can one choose the right books to read and where can one find them A few famous people may give you some helpful tips.
·Read books from past eras.
___1____ Otherwise, you'd be “completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times”， just as Albert Einstein put it. “Somebody who reads only newspapers and at best books of contemporary authors looks to me like an extremely near-sighted person who scorns (鄙视) eyeglasses，”he said.
· ___2____
Reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on you. Seneca the Younger, a first-century Roman philosopher, suggested that you must linger among a limited number of master thinkers, and digest their works, if you would derive ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind.
·Shop at second-hand bookstores.
Virginia Woolf believed the works in second-hand bookstores have an attraction which the usual volumes of the library lack. Browsing through these books gives you the chance to run into something that wouldn't have risen to the attention of librarians and booksellers. ___3____
·Check out authors' reading lists.
In his 1940 guide How to Read a Book, American philosopher Mortimer J．Adler talked about how to choose books. He attached importance to those that other authors consider worth reading. ___4____ Mortimer wrote that “one way to understand them is to read the books they read”．
·Make the final decision by yourself.
5 It's you who should choose what, how and when to read. Theodore Roosevelt recommended choosing books on subjects that interest you and letting your mood guide you to your next great read.
A．Interest is the best teacher.
B．Great authors are great readers.
C．Leave some room for older works.
D．Learn more about those great authors.
E．Don't jump too quickly from book to book.
F．There's no “best books” list that everyone should follow.
G．Usually they are much more selective in organizing their collections than second-hand book owners.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了多位名人给出的一些与阅读有关的有用的建议。
1．C 根据该段小标题Read books from past eras.并结合该段内容可知，你需要阅读一些过去的书，而不是只读报纸和当代作家的书籍。故C项(给老作品留些空间)符合语境。
2．E 根据该段内容可知，本段主要讲述了不要在太短时间内阅读太多种类的书籍，故E项(不要太快地从一本书跳到另一本书)符合语境。
3．G 根据该段的关键词second-hand bookstores可知，该段主要讲述了二手书店里的作品具有平常图书馆的藏书所没有的吸引力，能给人带来些许惊喜。故G项(通常他们在整理藏书时比二手书商更有选择性)符合语境。G项中的they指代上文提到的librarians and booksellers。
4．B 根据上文的He attached importance ...consider worth reading.可知，需要重视那些其他作家推荐的值得阅读的书，再结合下文内容可知，理解作家的一个方式就是读他们读的书。故B项(伟大的作家是伟大的读者)符合语境。
5．F 本段主要讲述了最后的决定需要自己做。再结合空后的内容可知，F项(没有每个人都可以遵循的“最好的书”的清单)符合语境，说明每个人的选择都是个性化的。
Test 3
Most teens need about 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. Getting the right amount of sleep is essential for anyone who wants to do well on a test or play sports. Unfortunately, many teens don't get enough sleep.
___1____ Here are some of the signs that you may need more sleep：
·difficulty waking up in the morning
·inability to concentrate
·falling asleep during classes
Here are some things that may help you to sleep better：
· ___2____ Going to bed at the same time each night signals to your body that it's time to sleep. Waking up at the same time every day can also help establish sleep patterns. So try to stick as closely as you can to your sleep schedule, even on weekends.
·Exercise regularly. Try not to exercise right before bed, though, as it can make it harder for you to fall asleep. ___3____ Many sleep experts believe that exercising in late afternoon may actually help a person sleep.
·___4____ Avoid violent, scary, or action movies or television shows right before bed — anything that might set your mind and heart racing. Reading books with involved or active plots may also keep you from falling or staying asleep.
·Create the right sleeping environment.___5____ Close your blinds or curtains. Light signals the brain that it's time to wake up. Staying away from bright lights (including computer screens)!
A．Relax your mind.
B．Set a regular bedtime.
C．Break the habit of staying up late.
D．Sleeping plays an important part in our lives.
E．Finish exercising at least 3 hours before bedtime.
F．Studies show that people sleep best in a dark room.
G．Even if you think you are getting enough sleep, you might not be.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。睡眠对我们的重要性不言而喻，文章给我们提供了一些保证睡眠质量的好建议。
1．G 上下文都在谈论睡眠时间是否足够的问题，故G项符合语境。
2．B 本段主要建议我们应该严格遵守固定的作息时间，故B项适合作为小标题。
3．E 上文建议我们不要在睡觉前进行锻炼，故E项符合语境。
4．A 本段主要建议我们避免在睡前做一些刺激的事情，应该做一些让人放松的事情。故A项适合作为小标题。
5．F 下文建议我们睡前关上百叶窗或窗帘，避免亮光。这些正好是对F项的具体说明。
段首句类
Test 1
(2022·马鞍山市教学质量监测二)Studying smarter, not longer, matters now more than ever, with students in many countries having to manage their time and study more on their own. ___1____ The good news: Science points to ones that really work.
Use pictures. Pay attention to drawings, graphics, charts and other visual aids in your class materials, psychologist Mark McDaniel says. “ ___2____ And if there aren't pictures, creating them can be really, really useful.”
Find examples. Abstract concepts can be hard to understand. It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something, psychologist Cynthia Nebel says. For instance, sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid. ___3____ But if you think about a lemon or vinegar, it's easier to understand and remember that acids and sourness go together.
___4____ Psychologist Nate Komell “definitely did cram (突击准备)” before big tests when he was a student. He still thinks it's a good idea to study the day before a big test. But research shows it's a bad idea to cram all your studying into that day. Instead, allow time between study sessions and you'll learn and remember materials better.
Dig deeper. It's hard to remember a string of facts and figures if you don't push further. Ask why things are in a certain way. How did they come about Why do they matter Psychologists call this elaboration. “It's asking a lot of how and why questions about it，” Nebel says.___5____
Try adding just one new study skill each week or two. It may seem odd at first. But, after two weeks, it will become a normal thing.
A．Reread books and notes.
B．Space out your studying.
C．They really boost your memory of the material.
D．Yet many students have never learned those skills.
E．In other words, don't just take facts at face value.
F．On its own, that concept might be hard to remember.
G．It's like telling students to learn to swim by “just swimming”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种有效的学习方法。
1．D 根据语境可知，设空处应为一个转折句，引出本文的话题，起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
2．C 根据上文的Pay attention to ... Mark McDaniel says.可知，心理学家Mark McDaniel说，在课堂材料中要注意绘画、图形、图表和其他视觉辅助材料。C项介绍使用这些视觉材料的原因——帮助记忆，符合语境。
3．F 空后提到如果你想到柠檬或醋，就更容易理解并记住酸和酸味是相伴而生的。设空处与空后内容构成转折关系，说明这一概念很难记住。
4．B 根据下文的But research shows ...remember materials better.可知，研究表明，把所有的学习都塞进一天里可不是个好主意；相反，在每段学习之间留出时间，这样你就能更好地学习和记忆材料。因此该段主要建议分段学习，而不是考前突击。
5．E 根据上文的It's asking ...questions about it可知，这种深挖法问了很多如何和为什么的问题，设空处对这种做法作出解释，即：换言之，不要只接受事实的表面。
Test 2
(2022·甘肃省第二次诊断考试)Good note-taking can be very important to academic success. Notes can help you finish projects properly and pass tests. ___1____ To do so, use note-taking techniques for written text or verbal presentations such as lectures and meetings.
Note details at the top of your paper. Keep your notes organized by writing important details at the top of each page including the date and page number of your notes.____2_____And you can get important information even more easily.
___3____ Write down key facts, ideas, and details in your own words. Taking notes in your own words actively engages your brain, helps you better understand the text, and makes you more likely to remember the information.
Develop your own system of signs and symbols that can help you more quickly take notes and review them. For example, “SM” for “scientific method”．
Write keywords instead of full sentences. It is impossible to take all the information down. ___4____ Instead, use keywords to say the same things in a short and manageable way that you can easily and quickly review later.
Skip lines on the paper for later review. As you write your keywords and ideas down, leave space between each line. Having extra room allows you to make additional notes.___5____
A．Use your own language.
B．Help your brain with notes.
C．However, you may not be sure how to take notes.
D．Avoid using full sentences while writing your notes.
E．Here are some useful tips to help take notes effectively.
F．Noting details can make it easier for you to return to your notes.
G．This helps you quickly have all of the material relevant to that keyword or idea.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记笔记的方法。
1．C 上文讲到记笔记可以帮助你正确地完成项目并通过测试；下文讲要做到这一点，可以使用记笔记的技巧。由此可知，设空处承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，说明你可能不确定如何记笔记，C项符合语境。
2．F 上文讲到在每一页的顶部写上重要的细节，包括笔记的日期和页码，这样会使你的笔记有条理。设空处与上文对应，说明在记笔记时记下这些细节的好处，F项符合语境。
3．A 根据空后内容尤其是in your own words可知，本段主要建议用自己的语言记下关键点。故A项符合语境。
4．D 上文讲到要把所有的信息都记下来是不可能的，故D项(记笔记时避免使用完整的句子)承接上文，符合语境。
5．G 上文讲到在写下关键词和想法时，在每一行之间留出空间，以做额外的笔记。设空处说明此举的目的，即帮助你快速找到与那个关键词或想法相关的所有材料。故G项符合语境。
Test 3
In many countries the best, and sometimes only, path to acceptance to a university is having high test scores or good grades.
In the US, admissions officials almost always ask students to list the activities they are involved in outside of the classroom in their applications. ___1____ This method of considering both academic success and non-academic skills is known as holistic (全面的) admissions.
The more a school knows about a student's interests, the more they understand the student.____2_____The best American universities receive thousands of applications from both inside and outside the country. For example, Washington University had over 30，000 applicants for the 2017 school year. But it only had room to accept about 16 percent of them.
___3____ What would schools value more：playing basketball or singing in a musical group Is it more important to spend weekends serving free food to homeless people or cleaning up a public park
Thinking about holistic admissions in this way is not helpful. Instead of trying to figure out which activities are better than others, you should think about which activities serve you best as an individual. ___4____A student could explain their interest in reading many books or even exploring their home city.___5____ Students, for example, can bring attention to their special qualities in the writing samples they provide, or the letters they ask teachers to write in support of them.
The holistic method lets admissions officials pay more attention to the qualities they are looking for, not only academics.
A．Many universities only value test scores.
B．You can do almost anything, as long as it's legal.
C．It's difficult to choose an activity that suits you best.
D．Some students might wonder how to choose activities.
E．This is especially important for the top universities in the US.
F．These activities can show that a student possesses the qualities they are looking for.
G．Also, there are other places where a student can describe their non-academic interests.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国很多大学在录取新生时，不仅看考试成绩，还要看他们过去在校内外参加过什么活动。
1．F 上句说美国大学的招生官员要求学生在申请中填写过去参加过的活动，F项接着说这样做的目的(发现学生的综合素质)，符合语境。
2．E 上句说明招生官员了解学生兴趣的重要性，下句举例说明美国重点大学都是这样做的，E项承上启下，符合语境。
3．D 下文说明学生对于选择活动所存在的困惑，D项起引领本段的作用，符合语境。
4．B 上文指出学生选择活动时应该考虑对个人发展最有利的，B项进一步说明选择活动其实范围很大，符合语境。
5．G 下文举例说明学生应该在哪些地方展示个人的特殊兴趣和爱好，由此可知，这里应该对此先进行概括说明，故G项符合语境。
段中句类
Test 1
A picture speaks a thousand words. And with over a thousand emoji pictures to represent our words, who needs to speak or write any more？！ Let's take a closer look at the UK's fastest-growing language.
According to Professor Vyv Evans of Bangor University, emoji is the UK's fastest-growing language — evolving faster than any language in history. __1__ In the UK they are becoming more popular than internet abbreviations (缩写) like “lol (laughing out loud)”， “muah (the sound of a kiss)”or “xoxoxo (hugs and kisses)”. __2__ In New York's Museum of Modern Art you can now see the first set of the 176 original emojis.
__3__ But why They allow us to personalise text and have fun as we express ourselves, make people laugh and be creative in how we use them. UK teenagers also told us they really appreciated the fact that emojis are quick and easy.
People also really identify with their favourite emojis. __4__ What does your recently used emoji board say about you Is it full of party poppers (礼花) and smileys Or unhappy faces In the UK, the most used emojis are “face with tears of joy”， “face blowing a kiss” and “love heart”. __5__ You can also tell a lot about a culture from their emoji complaints. Until 2015 when the “cheese wedge” arrived, British people were constantly complaining about the lack of cheese! Now, the addition of “bacon” in 2016 means we're very close to a full English breakfast.
A．We all seem to like emojis.
B．Emojis are more effective than words.
C．They make online chatting more colourful.
D．The emojis we choose can reflect our personality.
E．They have inspired fashion and are even recognised as art!
F．Maybe the British are more fun and romantic than people think!
G．These little electronic images started in Japanese mobile phones in the 90s and are now hugely popular.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。表情符号在网络上无处不在。它们为什么受到人们的广泛欢迎呢？
1．G 上句提到表情符号的演绎和发展，而G项追溯了其源头，故G项符合语境。
2．E 下句提到表情符号进入了纽约现代艺术博物馆，这说明它被人们视为艺术，故E项符合语境。
3．A 下文解释了人们喜欢表情符号的原因，因此But why？前必然是陈述了此事实，故A项符合语境。
4．D 上句指出人们跟自己喜欢的表情符号会有某种关联，也就是说，我们选择的表情符号会反映我们的性格。故D项符合语境。
5．F 上句提到在英国最受欢迎的表情符号包括“笑哭”“飞吻”和“爱心”，这显然说明英国人还是很浪漫的。故F项符合语境。
Test 2
Lists that rate colleges and universities are very popular among parents and students in the United States. But are published lists the best way to choose the right school
The best known ranking is probably by the magazine US News & World Report. __1__ US News & World Report published its first “America's Best Colleges” report in 1983. Since then, some educators have questioned the published rankings and how useful they are.
A number of magazines publish lists of college rankings once every year. High school students use the lists as reference guides when considering where to continue their education. __2__ Across the country, more than 4，000 colleges and universities offer undergraduate degree programs.
Last month, Forbes published its college ratings for 2022. It listed 650 schools. Like other lists, Forbes considers things like student satisfaction, how successful college graduates are and how much money they make. The magazine adds another important piece of information: how much debt students will owe after they graduate.
__3__ All of them said students and parents should look at more than just rankings because they do not tell the whole story about a school.
Ray Anderson of Virginia is a former high school principal. He now works with a service called AGM-College Advisors. __4__ Anderson says what is most important to him is knowing what the student wants, likes and is capable of doing.
Jeffrey Stahl agrees that rankings have limited value. In his job as a counselor at Yorktown High School in Virginia, he talks with students about colleges. __5__ Then, they should widen their search and go see the colleges for themselves.
A．We spoke with many education experts.
B．Choosing a college is of great importance.
C．There are plenty of schools to choose from.
D．Some students place too much attention on the rankings.
E．It provides guidance on higher education to students and their families.
F．He suggests that families use the ranking information as a starting point.
G．On top of the magazine's list this year are schools known around the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大学排行榜如今非常流行，我们应该怎么看待它们呢？
1．G 上句提到了US News & World Report这一杂志以及其大学排行榜，故G项符合语境。
2．C 下句提到美国有4，000多所高校，这正是对C项意义的延伸和补充。
3．A 下句中的All of them暗示上句提到了“一些人”，故A项符合语境，them指A项中的many education experts。
4．E 上句提到了AGM-College Advisors这一服务项目，E项则是对这一项目的进一步解释和说明。
5．F 上文引出Jeffrey Stahl这一教育界人物，这里应该进一步介绍其观点，故F项符合语境。
Test 3
(2022·合肥市教学质量检测一)There are many things that you can do to try and prepare for your very first concert. Want to find out more Simply look below.
One of the first things you need to know before you go to your very first concert is that it can be very tiring. You have to wait in very long lines and you will need to stand for the whole night too. __1__ Try and make sure that you wear comfortable shoes.
What really matters is that you have to be familiar with the band, as this will help you to maximise the amount of fun you can have when at the concert. __2__ There are many ways that you can do this, and there are even sites that are devoted to their setlists as well. Remember that singing along with friends around you is one of the best experiences.
Also, you may find people can get pretty lively when you are at a rock or heavy metal concert. Sometimes people will knock or elbow you, but you have to remember that they are not doing this on purpose. They may just be getting carried away. __3__ Most of the time, people who go to concerts are lovely but be prepared for a surplus of movement when you get deep into the crowd.
__4__ Wave your arms around, clap your hands and maybe sway a little. Try and enjoy yourself and forget about how tired you may be for a moment. If you can do this then you know that you can have the best time ever.
Finally, take some pictures. It doesn't matter what experience you are looking for, because you'll want to remember your very first concert if you can. __5__ If you are concerned about damaging your good camera, then invest in a disposable camera.
A．Try and keep your cool.
B．Be low-key and try not to panic.
C．Listen to the songs that are played beforehand.
D．You need to make sure that you do your bit to participate.
E．Memories may go away，but pictures are easily here to stay.
F．This is why it is so important that you dress comfortably.
G．You might as well put away your camera in case it gets broken in the crowd.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参加音乐会的建议，包括前期准备、期间互动、拍照等。
1．F 根据下文Try and make ...comfortable shoes.可知，设空处建议穿上舒适的鞋子排队等候；结合上文陈述的内容可以推知，设空处应说明穿着舒适服装的重要性。
2．C 根据上句可知，熟悉乐队非常重要；根据该段尾句可知，和身边的朋友一起唱歌是最好的体验之一。据此可知，设空处建议听一听预先播放的歌曲。
3．A 根据上文可知，听摇滚或重金属音乐会时，人们有时会碰到你或用肘挤你，但他们不是故意的。据此可知，设空处建议此时应当保持冷静，不与他们产生冲突。
4．D 根据空后一句可知，在参加音乐会时挥动手臂、鼓掌、摇摆。据此可知，设空处说明要融入音乐会进行互动。
5．B 根据空后一句可知，如果担心损坏你的好相机，那么就买个一次性相机。据此可以推知，设空处建议拍照时不要惊慌。
段尾句类
Test 1
(2022·南京市六校联合体调研)
Why we forget
Remembering things is an important function of our brain — if we can't recall how to do something, we can't survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember — from where we leave our car keys to how we walk. ____1_____Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things
Maybe because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later.____2_____It is also possible that memories decline over time. If you don't perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it. This could be because our memory is full, or that our short-term memory is easier to access.
___3____ Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there This is called “The Doorway Effect”. This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about many different things.
So, if you have a mind like a sieve (筛子), it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it. ___4____ That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.
However, forgetting is not always a bad thing! It would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us.___5____
A．That's something worth remembering!
B．Maybe it's no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.
C．But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down.
D．If you don't have these connections, then it can be easier to forget.
E．However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.
F．We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music.
G．Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从科学的角度介绍了“遗忘”背后的原因。但是遗忘并非坏事，我们如果记住周围世界的每一个细节，会浪费认知资源。
1．B 根据上句可知，我们需要记住的事情太多，再结合第二段最后一句及常识可以推知，有时遗忘并不奇怪。故B项符合语境。
2．D 根据上句可知，当我们存储信息时，我们经常会与其他事物建立联系，这有助于我们在以后回忆起它。故D项(如果你没有这些联系，你就可能更容易遗忘)符合语境。
3．C 上段最后一句提到了short-term memory，下文介绍了短暂性记忆，即“门口效应”的例子：走进房间去取东西，结果到了房间却忘了自己想找什么。故C项承上启下，符合语境。
4．G 根据下句提到的“这个时候我们患阿尔茨海默病的风险更大”可以推知，设空处说明年龄增大记忆力减退的现象和原因，故G项符合语境。
5．A 根据上句中的cognitive resources可知，遗忘并非总是坏事，记住所有细节则会浪费认知资源，据此可知，这点值得记住。故A项符合语境。
Test 2
(2022·石家庄市质量检测一)After hours of working, many people find themselves in desperate need of recharging. Some people grab a coffee to stay awake. ____1_____A recent study found that one in five working Americans nap (小睡) during the workday, with 87% of them reporting feeling refreshed afterward. “A power nap can provide the refreshment you need if you're struggling to stay alert or haven't had a good night's sleep，” explains Rebecca Robbins, an associate scientist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital.____2_____However, power naps are only beneficial when they are done correctly.
“You don't have to go to sleep fully，” says James Maas, a professor at Cornell University, who is best known for his work in the field of sleep research. ___3____ He says，“20 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the workday.” However, Maas cautions that longer naps are counterproductive and even harmful. If your power nap time is longer than 40 minutes, you're going to wake up feeling very groggy (昏昏沉沉)．
Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 pm and 3 pm. ___4____To make the most of your power nap, you'd better choose a comfortable place and time to nap. Also, put your alarm away from the bed.___5____ One more thing, get some daylight exposure after your nap. It's best to get up, walk around and see some sunlight to fight any grogginess.
A．Naps are not for everyone.
B．It does boost work productivity.
C．This helps prevent power nap sleepers turning it off easily.
D．He coined the term “Power Nap” more than 50 years ago.
E．Napping any later in the day can affect your sleep at night.
F．Sleep experts say that power naps should be quick and refreshing.
G．However, it may be more beneficial to fight your sleepiness with sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个让工作了几小时的人们在疲惫之后恢复活力的妙招——恢复精力的小睡。
1．G 空前一句讲到了一些人疲惫之后通过喝咖啡保持清醒，下文讲到了20%的美国打工人会在工作日小睡，因此设空处与上文构成转折关系，故G项符合语境。
2．B 空前一句讲到了恢复精力的小睡可以提供你需要的活力，因此设空处讲到的也应该是恢复精力的小睡的好处，故B项符合语境。
3．D 空前一句讲到了James Maas，空后一句讲到了He says，因此设空处讲到的应该还是与James Maas有关的内容，故D项符合语境。
4．E 本段讲到了恢复精力小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点，因此设空处讲到的应该与小睡的时间有关，故E项符合语境。
5．C 空前讲到了把闹钟放在远离床的地方，因此设空处讲到的应是这样做的作用，故C项符合语境。
Test 3
Why are the letters on the keyboard not in alphabetical order ___1____ And so as a grown-up, I decided to research it and write a paper about it.
Let's turn the clock back. About 150 years ago, all letters and business papers were written by hand. Most likely they were written using a pen that had to be dipped in ink every word or two. Writing was slow and messy.
Then some clever inventors built a machine for typing.____2_____The trouble was that if you hit two keys quickly the levers would jam. Jams were most likely when the two keys were close together on the keyboard. Rearranging the letters could reduce jams.
Christopher Sholes was an American inventor who was most successful in reducing jams. He tried various arrangements, always trying to reduce the need to type two keys that were close together. ___3____
He sold his invention to the Remington Company in the United States. In the 1870s, that company built and sold the first commercially successful typewriters. ___4____For 100 years or so after the Remington typewriter arrived, vast numbers of people all over the world trained to become touch typists (meaning they could type even without looking much at the keyboard).___5____ Because so many people became so skilled at using QWERTY, it became very difficult to get everyone to change to any other key arrangement.
A．They had no other choices.
B．They used the QWERTY keyboard.
C．He was a very successful businessman.
D．That question really puzzled me when I was a kid.
E．The first typewriter had the letter keys in alphabetical order.
F．They were employed to type letters and all other kinds of things.
G．The best arrangement he could find was similar to the QWERTY keyboard we all use today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你是否思考过这个问题：电脑键盘上的按键为什么不是按照字母顺序排列的呢？
1．D 上文提出一个问题：电脑键盘上的按键为什么不是按照字母顺序排列的呢？D项承接上文，符合语境。
2．E 上文提到人类发明了第一台用于打字的机器，E项中的The first typewriter与此匹配，承上启下，符合语境。
3．G 上文介绍了Christopher Sholes寻求各种字母排列方案来解决打字时机器卡住的问题，G项中的The best arrangement与上文信息匹配，符合语境。
4．B 上文提到这家公司成功生产和销售了世界上第一批商用打字机，B项是对这批打字机的补充说明，符合语境。
5．F 上文提到这家公司培训了大批打字员，F项则是对这些打字员的进一步补充说明，符合语境。