备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向02 多种指向的代词(含解析)

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名称 备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向02 多种指向的代词(含解析)
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考向02 代词
(
命题趋势
)
代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高,每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等,尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。
(
考点归纳
)
主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。
(
考点一
人称、物主、反身、指示和疑问代词
)
【真题典例】
(2022年全国乙卷--语法填空)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】 its
【解析】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
(2022年全国乙卷--短文改错)So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution.
【答案】they → you
【解析】.考查代词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知,这里假设“你”骑自行车,前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。
3.(2021·山东·高考真题)—Amy, is this Jenny's bike
—Let me see. Oh, no. ________is red.
She B.Hers. C.Her D.Herself
【答案】B
【解析】考查人称代词和反身代词辨析。句意:——艾米,这是珍妮的自行车吗 ——让我看看,哦,不,她的自行车是红色的。A.She她,人称代词主格,在句中作主语;B.Hers她的,名词性物主代词,相当于her + 名词,在句中作主语、宾语、介词宾语和主语补语;C.Her她的,形容词性物主代词,其后跟名词,在句中作定语;D.Herself她自己,反身代词,在句中作同位语和宾语。结合语境,此处指珍妮的自行车,在句中作主语。选项B符合题意,故选B。
4.(2020·江苏·高考真题)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
A.whichever B.whenever C.wherever D.Whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。
5.(2019·天津·高考真题)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A.ones B.those
C.these D.Them
【答案】.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
【考点归纳】
人称代词
1. 人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
句中没有谓语动词,人称代词要用宾格。
—The town is so beautiful!I just love it. —Me too.
在than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。
I'm taller than she/her.
I'm as tall as she/her.
在作表语时,用宾格较多。
—Who is knocking at the door —It's me.
物主代词
1. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
Look at the two pencils. The red one is your pencil, the blue one is mine. (mine=my pencil)
形容词性物主代词不与a/an, any, this, that, these, some, several, no, each, another等词连用。
当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时,必须放在all和both之后。
Anyway, I can't cheat him—it's against all my principles.
反身代词
1. 作宾语时,常用在介词for, of, in, between, among或动词后。
You shouldn't leave the child at home by himself.
含有反身代词的习惯用语有:
seat oneself;behave oneself;enjoy oneself;come to oneself;devote oneself to;adapt oneself to; accustom oneself to。
作表语、同位语
用于be, feel, seem, look等后,作表语,表示身体处于正常状态;作同位语时,主要用于加强名词的语气, 可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。
I'm not myself today.
指示代词this, that, these, those, such, so
this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物;this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。
that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。
such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。
so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容,意为“如此,这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。
This apple pie is too sweet, don't you think so
Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.
one, ones, that, those与it作替代词时的区别
1. one替代上文单数可数名词,表泛指,同类不同一,相当于“a/an+单数名词”。
The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
2. ones替代上文出现的名词复数,表泛指,同类不同一。
3. that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词,表特指,同类不同一,相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语。
His own experience was different from that of his friends.
4. those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时),表特指,同类不同一。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
5. it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。
I love the spring—it is a wonderful time of the year.
疑问代词
1. whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever分别是what, which, who, whom的强调形式,表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感彩。
Whatever can you mean
Whoever thought up that joke
2.四个特殊短语
What for...?为何?What if...?要是……会怎么样?
What/How about...?……怎么样?(表示征求意见,常接动名词),
So what?那又怎样?
【易错警示】
1、物主代词和反身代词的用法
1.英汉差异。英语中必须有形容词性物主代词,而汉语中往往省略不翻译。例如:
Jack took off his coat and went go bed (his 不能省略)
2.“of+名词性物主代词”用作定语。例如:
Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.
That car of hers is a1ways breaing down.
3.“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示强调,在own前还可加very表示进一步的强调。 例如:
It’s nice if a man can have his own car.
I want to have my very own car.
4.“a(an,Some,any) +名词+ of one’s own”表示“某人自己的……”的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰,但不能用定冠词the。例如:
5.反身代词的习惯用语。
by oneslf =alone 独自地,亲自
to oneself 暗自
for oneself 为自己
in oneself 本质上
of onesflf 自动地,自发地
be oneself 玩得愉快
dress oneslf in 穿着……
help oneslf to 随便吃……,自行取用
come to oneself 苏醒
make oneself at home 不要客气
devote omeself to 专心于;献身于……
find omeself in/at发觉自己来到……
teach oneself 自学
dress oneself 自己穿
lose oneself 迷路
excuse oneself 自我辩解
常以复数形式出现的名词:thanks, congratulations, wishes, greetings, shoes, trousers, works(著作;工厂), mann (
考点二
不定代词
)
【真题典例】
(2022年全国甲卷--短文改错)With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
【答案】 .all→both
【解析】考查代词。句意:在两方的努力下,我们开始更好地理解对方。结合语境可知,此处表示作者和父亲双方,用both修饰sides,表示两方,all用于三者及以上。故将all改为both。
【考点归纳】
none, nobody/no one, nothing
1. none既可指人也可指物,多与表示范围的介词of连用;与数量有关,可回答how many或how much类的问句,表示“一个也没有”。
My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.
nobody/no one不能与of连用,只能指人,表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who引导的疑问句。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
nothing表示“什么也没有”,用来否定一切,可回答what引导的疑问句。
another, other, the other, others, the others
1. another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词。
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.
other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义。
the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one...the other...表示“一个……另一个……”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”。
I have two books; one is English, and the other is French.
others单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
either, both, neither, all, none, any
either 肯定意义 表示“两者中的一个”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数
both 肯定意义 表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数
neither 否定意义 表示“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数
all 肯定意义 作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none 否定意义 作主语后接复数名词时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数;后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数
any 肯定意义 作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可,常与of连用
She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
注意:1. both, all与not连用表示部分否定;表示全部否定应用neither, none。
区分 the other和the rest of:the other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词;the rest of既可以修饰复数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。
(四)复合不定代词的特殊用法
1. anything but 根本不;nothing but仅仅,只不过;something like大约,类似;anything like完全像,全然。
They can get something like £3,000 a year.
2. somebody有时有“重要人物”之意,nobody则指“小人物,无名之辈”。
She rose from being nobody to become a superstar.
She thinks she's really somebody in that car.
3. something of a/an颇有几分,堪称。
He is something of a book collector.
4. anywhere between大约
I think Mrs Stark could be anywhere between 50 and 60 years of age.
【易错警示】
易混不定代词的用法区别:
1.some和any
二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语),也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用于单数可数名词前时,表示”某一(个)”,与数字连用则表示“大概,大约”的意思,用于疑问句时,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答,或表示请求,建议。例如:
I’ve read the story in some book. (某一本)
Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个)
The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大约 )
May I have some water (表示请求)
Would you like some apples (邀请)
(2)any多用于疑问句,否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中,any表示“任何的”,修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语,表示程度。例如:
both两者都,all三者或三者以上,全体;在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。
(1)all除了指人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;还可指物,表示“所有,一切”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如:
All but one are present.(作主语,指人,谓语动词用复数)
All is over with him.(作主语,指物,谓语动词用单数)
I have forgotten all about it(作宾语)
All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词)
They all agree to stay here.(作同位语)
3.much和many
两个词都有“许多”的意思,much表示或修饰不可数名词,many表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中,much或many多用于疑问句或否定句,在肯定句中常用a lot of,lots Of,plenty of,a large quantity of,quantities of代替。much还可以用a great deal of代替,many可以用a(1arge)number of代替。
(1)much可用作副词,作状语,表程度。be not much意为“不怎么样”,much还可与too连用,构成“too much+不可数名词”短语,意为“太多的……”或“much too+形容词或副词”短语,意为“太……“非常”,是副词词组,修饰形、副词,但不修饰动词。例如:
The city is much larger than that one.
I’ve visited the country and it is not much.
There is too much noise in the classroom
I’m much too busy to see visitors.
(2)many a + 可数名词单数,表示“许多”。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时,要用many of或much of结构,例如:
Many a student has gone to the cinema.
Many of the/my books are English.
(1)each强调个体,在句子中充当定语,主语,宾语和同位语,指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。例如:
Each room can seat at least fifty people.
Each of the students will get a new book.
Each student will get a new book
The students each will get a new book.
There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. ( 街道只有两边,不能用every)
(2)every强调整体,在句中只能作定语,指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以表示“每隔……”构成“every+数词+复数名词”,“every + few + 复数名词”,“every + other + 单数名词”,“every +序数词 + 单数名词”,例如:
Every one has strong and weak points.
Every student has told a story.
every three weeks 每隔三个星期,每隔两个星期
every other week = every second week 每隔一星期
every few weeks(不能说evesry a few weeks)每隔几个星期
6.either 和neither
either指“两个人或物中的任何一个”,表示肯定意义,neither指“两个人或物一个也不”,表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
①either可放在否定句的句尾,表示”也”。例如:
I don’t know either.我也不知道。
②either可用作连词,“或者,要么”的意思,一般与。or连用,构成“either... or”短语,意为“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致,如:
Either he or I am to blame.
Is either he or you going to the cinema
Are either you or he going to the cinema
③either修饰名词时,前面不用物主代词,指示代词或定冠词,可以说:“either pen”,但不能说“the either pen或either my pen”
④either用作代词时,可以单独使用,也可和of连用,of后接复数名词,名词前要用一个物主代词,指示代词或定冠词,如:
He doesn’t like either of the two places.
⑤当either of作主语时,动词一般用单数形式,但在否定句和疑问句中,动词也常用复数,特别在口语中,如:
7.no和 none
Either of them is good enough. I don’t think either of them are at home.
(1)no表示“不”“无”只能作定语,修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数,相当于not any或not a。例如:There is no water in the bottle.
(2)none表示“没有人,任何人也不”用作名词,相当于no one或not any,常同of连用,构成“Noneof...”结构,none作可数名词用时,指三者或三者以上,作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可,none作不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,none在句中作主语或宾语,不作定语,不与名词连用,例如:
None of books are (is) interesting.
注意:
①none but+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,例如:
None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。
②none和noone的区别:
none回答以howmany/much引导的特殊疑问句或“any of + 限定词 + 名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句,no one回答以who引导的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句,简言之, none表示数量,no one表示没有人,例如:
— How many students are there in the classroom now
—None.
—How any of you ever been to the Great Wall
—None.
—Who can answer the question
—No one.
8.other,another,others,any other,the other的用法。
(1)other表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the,this,some,any,each,every,no以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。例如:
I have no other place to go.
(2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可以单独使用,也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又,再,还”。例如:
This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one).
We need another three assistants in our company.
(3)others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。例如:
He has more concern for others than for himself.
(4)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个,百不是两个之中的另一个。例如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
(5)the other,表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用,以可接单数名词。例如:
No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other.
(
考点三
it
用法
)
【真题典例】
1.(2020·江苏省高考真题)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.Submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B.
【考点归纳】
it作人称代词
1. it 作人称代词可以指事物或人。it 指人时,主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。
Is it a boy or a girl
There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.
注意:在答语中,常用来指本人,如:It's me。
2. it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。
—What's this?— It's a new machine.
it作非人称代词
1. 指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。
It rained all day yesterday.
It's early spring, but it is already hot.
2. 用于一些固定句型中。
It's time for sb. to do sth. 某人该做某事了。
It's (about/high) time+that... 该是……时候了(从句谓语用过去式或“should+动词原形”)
It's first/second... time+that... 某人第几次做某事(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It's+时间段+since... 自从……有一段时间了
It's+时间段+before... 过多长的时间才……
3. it作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词、主语从句或宾语从句。
It is no use crying spilt milk.
We think it necessary to combine theory with practice.
常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式有:
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that... 真可惜/丢人/难怪……
It seems/appears/happens that... 似乎/看来/碰巧……
It looks/seems as if/though... 看起来好像……
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/believed/suggested that... 据说/据报道/人们认为/人们建议……
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处
make it clear that... 清楚表明......
主语+表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely on, see to等)+it+that/if/when...
4. 用于强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”。
It was David who/that bought a cellphone from a store nearby yesterday.
It was from a store nearby that David bought a cellphone yesterday.
注意:如果把句子的It is/was和that/who去掉,剩余部分仍然是一个完整的句子,则可判断该句为强调句。
【易错警示】
混淆 it, its, it’s itself 的用法
从表面上看,it, its, itself 的区别是很明显的:it 是指示代词,its 是物主代词(或叫代词所有格),it’s 是it is或it has的缩略式,itself 是反 身代词。但在实际应用中,许多同学却往往将它们混用,尤其是将 its 误用作 it’s,或是将 itself 为误用作 it。
将形式主语(宾语)与指示代词混用
当句子主语是比较长的不定式、动名词或从句时,或当宾语后面接有宾语补足语且宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时,为避免“头重脚 轻”,通常会把真正的主语或宾语移至句末,而在原主语或宾语位置使用形式主语或形式宾语。值得注意的是,形式主语或形式宾语只能用 it ,不能代之以其他人称代词,这是许多同学经常弄混的地方。
不清楚it在强调句式中的用法特点
强调句式的基本结构是“it is (was) +被强调部分+that (who)+其他”。该句式的一个重要特点是 it is…that…属于功能词,与句子结构无 关,在分析时可以撇开不看。许多同学在运用此类句式时最可能的出错之处是将 it is (was) 误写成 he is (was), she is (was), we are (were) 等。
另外,强调句与其他句式的综合运用也是许多同学容易出错之处,如强调句式与 not…until…句式综合,强调句式与 not…but…句式综 合,强调句式与 rather than 结构综合,等等。
4. 漏用like it when (if)类句式中的it
英语中表示“喜欢”和“不喜欢”的动词 appreciate, like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, dislike 等,当后接if从句或when从句时,习惯上要在从句 前加上it——这个it不仅不能省略,而且不能用 him, her, me, us, them 等宾格人称代词替换。
因未弄清固定搭配或特殊句式而用误用it
英语中含有it的固定搭配或特殊句式很多,但考纲中真正要求掌握的并不多。请做做以下试题,自测一下看看你对此掌握得怎么样!
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)
※基础练单项选择
1.—Have you heard about Huawei P30
—Sure. It is very hot these days. I’m thinking about getting ________.
A.one B.them C.that D.it
2.Tell_________about the Great Wall please.
A.I B.my C.me D.mine
3.It is probably impossible for you to understand anything new without the mind referring to the basic knowledge _______ has already obtained.
A.it B./ C.that D.which
4.He amazed ________ all with his kindness and his beautiful, gentle, caring spirit.
A.our B.we C.us D.ours
5.—Is this dictionary _________
—No, it isn’t. I left my dictionary at home.
A.your B.yours C.yourself D.you
6.—Are those books ________
—No, they are not mine. They belong to ________.
A.your; he B.yours; her C.your; hers D.yours; she
7.All the students are doing _________ best to study for the exam.
A.they B.them C.their D.themselves
8.Some fast-developing countries around the world don’t care about protecting ________ against environmental pollution.
A.themselves B.them C.it D.itself
9.—A friend of________ thinks she won't pass the exam.
—I think she should believe in________. That's the secret to success.
A.my aunt; her B.my aunt's; her C.my aunt's; herself
10.Mr. Green taught ________ English in our school and taught________ French at home.
A.us, his B.him, us C.us, himself D.our, himself
11. To their great fear, they found _______ in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had.
A.they were catching B.themselves caught
C.they had caught D.themselves catching
12.—Can I come today or tomorrow
—_________is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None
13.To know more about the Summer Palace, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or ______.
A.neither B.some C.all D.both
14.She said she was in great need of such a table and asked me how much ________ table would cost.
A.one such beautiful round wooden B.such a beautiful wooden round
C.one such round beautiful wooden D.such a round beautiful wooden
15.Some babies began talking as early as six months; ________ don’t speak until they are more than two years old.
A.others B.the other C.the others D.another
16.In some important way they are very different from one ______.
A.other B.another
C.others D.each other
17.— Have you booked a table, madam
— Yes, we’ve booked ______ for two. The name is Morrison.
A.it B.that C.this D.one
18.The goods ________on the Internet are cheaper than ________we buy in shops.
A.being bought; that B.bought; those
C.bought; that D.be bought; those
19.Video footage circulated by state media showed gray smoke emerging from the crash site and ________appeared to be a wing fragment lying along the side of a mountain trail with the Chinese characters for “China Eastern” partly visible.
A.which B.that C.what D.as
20.Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ____________of their parents.
A.those B.that C.the ones D.these
21.Adolescents need adults to guide them; otherwise, ______ is easy for them to get into trouble.
A.that B.which C.it D.what
22.When_________comes to the topic of politics, a right attitude is very important.
A.who B.that C.something D.it
23.______ is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs.
A.There B.It C.That D.that
24.To improve my spoken English, I make ________ to recite a passage of English every day.
A.a rule B.a rule that C.it a rule D.a rule it is
25.I believe ______ no use reading without full understanding.
A.that B.this C.it D.you
◎提升练用单词的适当形式完成句子
26.He lent me a few books, but________ of them are easy to read.
27.It’s reported that boys usually copy the behavior of their fathers’, and girls________ of their mothers’.
28.The teacher made ________ clear that our credits would be hard-earned.
29.He addressed ________ (he) to me in low tones.
30.When ______ comes to job interviews, first impressions, I think, are quite important.
31.---Silly me! I forgot what my bag looks like.
---What do you think of ________ over there
32.The boys knew they had broken the rules, and they were __________ but happy when called to the office.
33.-The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it
No, but I don't believe _____________could pass it.
34.Deaths from shark attacks are not as common as________ from other causes.
35.An important factor affecting happiness is the tendency to compare one’s situation with ________ of other people.
36.You’d better take down the number that Jim told you just now in case you forget________ .
37.Little joy can be equal to _________ of a surprising ending when you read stories.
38.The full moons on Jan. 2 and Jan. 31 will be super __________(one) and even they’ll be blue super moons.
39.________can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.
40.Jiang’s parents will help take care of Jiang’s daughter, and as they age, Jiang and his wife will help take care of __________(they).
¤真题练
1. (2020·新课标I卷短文改错)"Not that way,"my mom tried to stop us but failed.
2.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
3.【2020·全国新课标I】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
4. 【2020·全国新课标3改错】But he insists on us eating healthy food.
5 .(2020·山东卷语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.
6.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
7.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】
In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourself in the historical environment that is created for them.
8.(2018·新课标卷III·短文改错)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.
参考答案
※基础练
1.A
【解析】考查代词。句意:—你听说过华为P30吗?—当然。最近很热门。我在考虑买一个。A. one 泛指一个,同名异物,相当于a/an + 名词;B. them 他们,指代前文出现过的复数名词;C. that 是特指,同名异物,相当于the + 名词;D. it 指代前文提到的同一个,同名同物。根据句意和语境可知,此处应用one指代一个华为P30手机,故选A。
2.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:请告诉我关于长城的事。A.I我,主格;B.my我的,形容词性物主代词;C.me我,宾格;D.mine我的,名词性物主代词。设空处为tell的宾语,应用宾格形式,故选C。
3.A
【解析】考查代词。句意:如果你的大脑没有参考它已经获得的基本知识,你可能不可能理解任何新的东西。分析句子结构可知,定语从句先行词为the basic knowledge ,在定语从句中作动词 obtained的宾语。定语从句中缺少主语,所以从句中用代词it,代指前面的名词mind。故选A。
4.C
【解析】考查人称代词宾格。句意:他的善良和他美丽、温柔、体贴的精神使我们都感到惊讶。根据谓语动词“amazed”可知,后接宾语,our为形容词性物主代词;we作主语;us为宾格形式,作宾语;ours为名词性物主代词,相当于一个名词,故选C。
5.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:——这本词典是你的吗?——不,不是。我把字典留在家里了。A.your你的,形容词性物主代词;B.yours你的,名词性物主代词;C.yourself你自己,反身代词;D.you你,主格或宾格。设空处为表语,指代你的字典,应用名词性物主代词。故选B。
6.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:——那些书是你的吗?——不,它们不是我的。它们属于她。首先看空格一,空格后无名词,故空格处应用名词性物主代词,“your”意为“你的,你们的”,为形容词性物主代词,“yours”意为“你的,你们的”,为名词性物主代词,相当于“your books”,故空格一用“yours”;再看空格二,“to”为介词,后应接代词宾格,“he”意为“他”,为人称代词主格,“her”意为“她”,为人称代词宾格,符合句意,“hers”意为“她的”,为名词性物主代词,“she”意为“她”,为人称代词主格,均不符合语境,故空格二应用“her”。故选B项。
7.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:所有的学生都在尽全力准备考试。A.they他们(主格);B.them他们(宾格);C.their他们的(作定语);D.themselves他们自己(反身代词)。固定短语do one's best to do sth.“尽力去做某事”,所以此处要用形容词性代词their。故选C项。
8.A
【解析】考查代词。句意:世界上一些快速发展的国家并不关心保护自己免受环境污染。结合语境可知,主语和宾语所指相同,宾语应用反身代词,主语countries是复数,故此处应用themselves。故选A。
9.C
【解析】考查代词和所有格。句意:——我阿姨的一个朋友认为她考试没过。——我认为她应该相信自己。这是成功的秘诀。根据语境可知第一空表示“我阿姨的一个朋友”,应用所有格形式;第二空是固定短语believe in oneself(相信自己)。故选C。
10.C
【解析】考查人称代词和反身代词。句意:格林先生在我们学校教我们英语,在家里自学法语。A. us我们(宾格), his他的(形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词);B. him他(宾格), us我们(宾格);C. us我们(宾格), himself他自己(反身代词);D. our我们的(形容词性物主代词), himself他自己(反身代词)。分析可知,第一个空为“teach sb. sth.”,“教授某人某物”,应是宾格形式作动词“teach”的宾语,结合后文语境“in our school (在我们学校)”可知是“教我们(学生)英语”,因此第一个空应是“us”;结合语境“at home (在家里)”可知,“他”在家里自学法语,因此第二个空应是“teach oneself sth.”,意为“自学……”,宾语与主语一致,应用反身代词作宾语,即,“himself”。故选C项。
11.B
【解析】考查反身代词和过去分词用法。句意:让他们害怕的是,他们发现自己陷入了从未遇见过的大雪之中。主语与宾语表示同一个人时,宾语用反身代词,be caught in陷入……;本题使用过去分词做宾语补足语。故B正确。
12.B
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:——我可以今天来还是明天来 ——都不行。我今天和明天都很忙。A. Either两者中任一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Each每一个;D. None没有一个(三者及以上)。根据“I’m busy today and tomorrow.”可知,今天和明天哪一天都不行。故选B。
13.D
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:要了解更多关于颐和园的信息,你可以上网或去图书馆,或者两者兼而有之。A. neither两者都不;B. some一些;C. all(三者及以上)全部;D. both两者都。根据句意可知,句中指可以上网或去图书馆查找资料,或者既上网,又去图书馆,两者兼而有之,“both”意为“两者都”,符合语境。故选D项。
14.A
【解析】考查不定代词和形容词的排列。句意:她说她非常需要这样一张桌子,并问我一张这么漂亮的圆木桌子要多少钱。分析句子可知,句子为“how much”引导的宾语从句,从句中泛指同类桌子中的一个,故应用“one”作主语,排除“B”和“D”,多个形容词修饰名词时,排列顺序为“限定词+描绘性形容词+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词”,“beautiful”为描绘性形容词,“round”为形状,“wooden”为材料,故空格处应填“one such beautiful round wooden”。故选A项。
15.A
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:有些婴儿早在六个月大的时候就开始说话了;还有一些孩子直到两岁多才会说话。A. others其他人;B. the other两个人或物中的另一个;C. the others剩余的全部;D. another另一。此处与上文some构成some…others…结构,表示“一些……另一些……”。故选A。
16.B
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:在某种重要的方面,他们彼此非常不同。one another“彼此,互相”,表示三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的相互关系。根据题意,故选B。
17.D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:——女士,您预订桌子了吗?——是的,我们订了两人一桌。名字叫莫里森。A. it特指上文提到的特定事物;B. that特指上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词;C. this指代下文所提到的;D. one泛指,指代前面提到的同类人或物(可数名词)中的一个。根据句意,此处指代上文提到的“table”,但说话人只知道自己订了一张桌子,并不知道具体是哪一张,是泛指,应用代词one指代。故选D项。
18.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意:在网上买的东西比我们在商店买的东西便宜。第一空是非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰名词goods,且名词goods和动词buy二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词bought做后置定语。第二空处比较对象与前文一致,都是goods,为了避免重复,用代词指代,that代指前面的单数名词,those代指前面的复数名词,此处商店买的商品和网上买的商品是同类异物,且the goods是复数名词,因此用those指代。故选B。
19.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:官方媒体播放的视频画面显示,坠机现场冒出灰色烟雾,那似乎是一块机翼碎片,它躺在一条山道的一侧,部分可见“东方航空”字样。A.which哪一个;B.that那;C.what什么;D.as作为。分析句子的结构可知,and连接并列句子,空格处是后一分句的主语,特指指代上句的“gray smoke ”,不可数,应用that。故选B。
20.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:十分之九的父母表示,他们与父母在教育孩子的方法上存在显著差异。A. those那些;B. that那个;C. the ones那个;D. these这些。特指上文中提到过的their approach to educating their children应用that。故选B。
21.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:青少年需要成年人的引导;否则,他们很容易陷入麻烦。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少句子的主语,真正的主语为不定式to get into trouble,空处用it作形式主语。故选C项。
22.D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:当谈到政治这个话题时,一个正确的态度是非常重要的。A. who谁;B. that那;C. something某事;D. it它。固定句型when it comes to…(当谈到……时),其中it(它)是代词,在从句中作主语,符合句意。故选D项。
23.B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:事实上,英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗。根据句意,英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗是一个事实,that引导的从句为句子的真正主语,为主语从句,空处用it作形式主语,放在句首,首字母应大写。故选B项。
24.C
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意:为了提高我的英语口语,我每天背诵一段英语作为常规。分析句子可知,此处考查it作形式宾语,不定式to recite a passage of English是真正的宾语。故选C。
25.C
【解析】考查it的用法。句意:我认为没有充分的理解,阅读是没有用的。分析可知,空白处及之后的内容作谓语believe的宾语;句式:believe it +名词+动名词,it为形式宾语,指代其后的动名词。本句中it指代“reading without full understanding”,选项C符合题意,故选C。
◎提升练
26.none
【解析】考查代词。句意:他借给我了一些书,但是没有哪本书容易读。根据句子结构可知,设空处需要填写代词后面句子的主语,代替的是前面的books。同时根据句中的but可知,前后表示转折关系,与a few相呼应,表示“没有一本书”,故填写none。
27.that
【解析】考查代词,省略句。句意:据报道,男孩通常会模仿父亲的行为,女孩则会模仿母亲的行为。根据所给句子可知,此句为省略句,省略copy the behavior of their father’s,为避免重复,需要使用代词代替,这里代指单数名词behavior,因此需要使用that,故填that。
28.it
【解析】考查代词。句意:老师明确表示,我们的学分是来之不易的。分析句子可知,空处位于动词made后,固定结构make it +adj+to do sth/ that 从句,it为形式宾语,句子真正的宾语是that引导的从句,故填it。
29.himself
【解析】考查代词。句意:他小声地向我讲话。根据固定短语address oneself to sb (向某人讲话)可知,空格处填himself。故填himself。
30.it
【解析】考查固定句式。句意:说到求职面试,我认为第一印象很重要。when it comes to. . .是固定句式,表示“当谈到……”,其中to是介词。故填it。
31.that
【解析】考查代词。句意:—我真傻。我忘了我的包什么样了。 —你认为那边那个是你的吗?该空指“那边的那个包”,表远指,故填代词that。
32.anything
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:这些男孩知道他们违反了制度。当他们被叫到办公室去的时候,他们一点也不高兴。根据句意,这些男孩违反了制度,他们被叫到办公室去,肯定会受到批评,因此他们忐忑不安,高兴不起来。表示根本不,英语用anything but。故填anything。
33.everybody/all
【解析】考查代词。句意:——考试一点也不难,是吗 ——是的,但我不相信每个人都能通过。文中表示“每个人”或“所有人”,所以填everybody/all。
34.those
【解析】考查代词。句意:鲨鱼袭击造成的死亡不像其他原因造成的死亡那样常见。分析句子结构及句意可知空处指代来自其他原因造成的死亡,即The deaths from other causes。为了避免重复,此时的the deaths可以用指示代词those来代替,所以空处填those。故答案为those。
35.that
【解析】考查代词。句意:影响幸福感的一个重要因素是(人们)倾向于将自己的处境与他人的处境进行比较。根据句意可知,在动词短语compare ...with...中,相比较的对象应同类异物,将自己的处境与其他人的处境进行比较,one’s situation为单数,设空处特指“他人的处境”,应用代词that代替situation,故填that。
36.it
【解析】考查代词。句意:你最好把吉姆刚才告诉你的号码记下来,以防你忘记。根据所给句子及句意可知,此处需要使用代词,代指前句出现的the number,因此需要使用代词it。故填it。
37.that
【解析】考查代词。句意:当你读故事的时候,有一个令人意外的结尾是再高兴不过的事了。替代前面提到过的不可数名词joy,使用that。即that of a surprising ending相当于the joy of a surprising ending。类似的用法还有:The weather here is better than that of Beijing.这儿的天气比北京的天气要好。故填that。
38.ones
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:1月2日和1月31日的满月将是超级满月,甚至是蓝色的超级月亮。根据句意可知,此处应用复数代词ones,指代full moons。故填ones。
39.nobody
【解析】考查代词。句意:如果他不热爱某事,没有人能持续四十年都擅长某件事。分析句子结构可知,空处缺主语,所以填代词,再根据句意可知,nobody表示“没有人”,符合句意,故填Nobody。
40.them
【解析】考查代词。句意:江的父母将会帮助照顾江的女儿。随着他们年老,江和他的妻子会帮助照顾他们。of是介词,介词的后面要接人称代词的宾格形式作介词的宾语,这里用them代指Jiang’s parents。故填them。
¤真题练
1.【答案】将us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
2.【答案】将yours改为your
【解析】考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
3.【答案】 70.its
考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
4.【答案】.考查代词。句意:但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”,是女性,所以he改成she。
5【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
6.【答案】myself
【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
7.【答案】yourself改为themselves
【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
8【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。