考向04 动词和动词短语
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命题趋势
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动词和动词短语,历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大,主要测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。
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考点归纳
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动词词义辨析;高频动词短语意义辨析
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考点一
动词词义辨析
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【真题典例】
1.(2021·天津·高考真题)Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A.stayed B.turned C.grown D.got
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意:虽然有一些人来了又走了,但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持;B.turned变成(某种颜色);C.grown变得;D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知,这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”,表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
2.(2021·山东·高考真题)We go to a nursing home to ________the old people with excellent service.
A.provide B.point C.print D.pretend
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词。句意:我们去敬老院为老人们提供优质的服务。A.provide 提供;B. point 指;C.print 打印;D.pretend 假装;provide sb. with sth.表示“向某人提供……”,根据句意可知,此处指提供服务。故选A。
3.(2021·天津·高考真题)Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A.judge B.differ C.withdraw D.benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断;B. differ不同;C. withdraw抽身,撤退;D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系,所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
【考点归纳】
动词辨析主要考察点在以下几个方面:考查动词词义辨析、考查近义动词辨析、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配、考查同根动词短语的辨析,解答这些题时,必须明确各个动词的词义和用法,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等,然后根据题意需要确定答案。
常见动词辨析
1.advise,persuade,suggest
advise用作及物动词,表示"劝告,忠告,建议",强调提醒或引起注意;
persuade表示"说服",强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词,意为"建议",后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring"带来,拿来,取来",强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take"拿走,带走",强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch"去拿来,去取来",强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry"携带,搬运,运送",强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeat
win表示"赢得,战胜"时,宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指"赢得人心"。
beat/defeat意为"打败,击败",其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手;
defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。
4.believe,believe in
believe表示"相信,认为",侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性,其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。
believe in表示"相信,信任,信仰,信奉",其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。
You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己,并且相信某天你将会成功的。
5.book,order
二者都有"订购,预订"之意,但book指订各种"票,座位";而order指"餐馆订饭、菜,定做衣服,订货"等,常用结构:place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。
对比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间;order four dishes/ lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。
He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌,并且要了六个菜。
6.choose,select,elect
choose表示"选择,挑选",有时也表示"推选,选举",但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择,没有elect正式。 select表示"(精心地)挑选,选定",具有"精选"之意。
elect表示"选举",指较大范围的正式的选举。
7.disturb,interrupt
disturb是及物动词,有"打扰,扰乱,使人心神不安"之意。常用短语:
disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安;
be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响;be disturbed about对……感到不安。
interrupt有"打断,打扰"之意,侧重打断。常用短语:
interrupt the supplies中断供应
interrupt one’s speech打断演讲
8.hurt,injure,wound,harm
hurt是一般用语,指精神或肉体上受到的伤害,有较强烈的"疼痛"意味;
injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故对身体或精神上的"损害,损伤";
wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤,尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤;
harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害,特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等,使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。
9.miss,lose
miss意为"未能赶上(抓住),错过,失去,漏掉"。而lose意为"丢失,迷失方向,迷路"。
10.fit,be fit for,be fit to,suit
fit用作及物或不及物动词,表示"(衣服等)合适,使合身";
be fit for是形容词短语,表示"适合的,能胜任的",for后接名词或动名词;
befit to表示"适合,能胜任",to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的"适合",而fit指尺寸、大小的"合适"。
11.save,spare
save意为"储蓄,节省",指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用,或指节省东西,避免浪费,也指"救命"。而spare意为"省",指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。
12.seat,sit
seat是及物动词,意思是"使坐下",可以接人作宾语,还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有:seat sb.使某人坐下;seat oneself自己坐下;be seated=sit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词,不能带宾语。
使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。
10.adopt,attach,adapt,adjust
adopt vt. 采取,采纳;收养,领养
attach vt. 把……附(在……上);重视
attach much importance to... 非常重视……
adapt vt. 适应;adapt oneself to 适应于
adjust vt. 适应,调整;adjust oneself to 适应于
11.beat,hit,strike,defeat,win
beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打,击”,还可表示“打败,胜过”
hit 表示对准目标打一下,强调击中
strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打
defeat (=beat)是指“击败,战胜”,宾语通常是人或集体
win 是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思,宾语通常为war,match,game,prize,medal,respect,battle等名词
12.injure,hurt,wound,destroy
injure 一般指在意外事故中受伤
hurt 是表示“伤害”的一般用法,既可指对肉体的伤害,也可指对情感的伤害
wound 常指外伤,尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害
destroy 一般指彻底损坏,常译成“毁坏,损坏”
【易错警示】
很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义,因此要进行专门复习,常见的有:
1. act (v. & n. 行动)
e.g. It will take several hours before the drug really acts. ( vi. 起作用)
2. address (n. 地址;vt. 写地址)
e.g. President Obama wasscheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7. (vt. 向……做演说)
3. appreciate (vt. 欣赏,感激,感谢)
e.g. They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (v. 意识到)
4. attend (vt. 参加,出席)
e.g. With several patients to attend that night, the nurse felt very tired. (vt. 照料,照顾)
With three kids attending high school in the town, the couple had to work day and night to earn more money. (vt.上学)
5. count (n. & v. 计数,数)
e.g. It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts. (v. 重要,有价值)
6. escape (vi. 逃跑,逃脱)
e.g. I saw a familiar face in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (vt. 被忘掉)
The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe. (vi. 泄漏,漏出)
7. fail (vi. 失败)
e.g. Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter. (vi. 不足,缺乏)
With time passing by,his memory is failing. (vi. 衰退)
Try as the family might,they failed to find the lost child in the town. (vi. 未能)
8. introduce (vt. 介绍)
e.g. When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe, they didn’taccept them at all. (vt.引入)
9. make (vt. 制造)
e.g. New laws have beenmade to protect the interests of the farmers. (vt. 制定)
He is making his owntrouble by doing this. (vt.引起,导致,造成)
She will make a greatteacher. (vt.成为,使形成)
10. observe (vt. 观察)
e.g. Having lived abroadfor many years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (vt. 遵守)
Every year, we willobserve the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (vt. 庆祝)
11. work (v. & n. 工作)
e.g. The medicine will soon work. (vi. 起作用)
The machine works very well. (vi. 运转)
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考点二
高频动词短语意义辨析
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【真题典例】
1.(2021·山东·高考真题)Sam ________his coat as soon as he came into the room.
A.took off B.put off C.turned off D.cut off
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:萨姆一进房间就脱下了外套。A.took off脱下;B.put off推迟;C.turned off关掉;D.cut off切断。根据语境及常识可知,进到房间里,应该是脱掉外套。故选A。
2.(2021·山东·高考真题)I tried calling my boss several times but I couldn't ________.
A.get away B.get off C.get out D.get through
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我给老板打了好几次电话,但都打不通。A. get away离开,逃脱; B. get off下车;C. get out外出,退出; D. get through接通电话。根据前文转折连词but可知,此处需用get through,表示电话打不通。故选D。
【考点归纳】
常见同根动词短语辨析
1. break
break away from 脱离,背叛 break up 结束;散开,解散 break down 出故障,坏掉,垮掉,使分解
break into 闯入,破门而入 break (sth.) off (使某物)折断,中断break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发
break in 打断,打扰;强行进入 break through 突破,战胜
2. bring
bring about 导致, 造成, 引起 bring down 使倒下, 使降低 bring in 引进; 带来; 赚得; 收获
bring forward 提出; 提前 bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐
3. call
call for 需要 call in 请来,召集 call off 取消 call on/upon 号召 call out 大声呼喊,叫喊 call up 给……打电话,使想起
4. come
come about 发生 come to 苏醒; 总计 come across 偶遇; 无意中发现
come true 实现, 成为现实(不及物) come out 出版; 结果是 come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with 提出(建议、计划等) come on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油; (不耐烦)得了, 算了吧!
5. get
get away from 逃脱,逃离 get close to 接近 get down on one's knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事 get it 理解,懂得 get through 接通(电话),完成,通过 get...across to sb. 使得……被某人理解 get/be stuck 陷进去,被困住 get along (with) (与某人)和睦相处,进步 get on 进展,获得成功
6. give
give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发 give back 归还 give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输
give out 分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽 give up 放弃
7. go
go against 违背; 不利于; 反对 go ahead 开始(做某事); (表同意)
go around 参观; (消息)传播go by 过去; 经过 go down 下降; 下沉
go on 继续; 发生; 进行 go over 复习, 仔细检查
go through 穿过; 经历; 仔细检查 go with 与……相配 go without 没有……也行
8. hold
hold back 犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止 hold on=hang on别挂断; 等一会儿; 坚持
hold out 坚持; 伸出 hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁 hold on to 紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃
9. keep
Keep away from 远离; 避开 keep back 留下; 隐瞒; 克制(感情) keep on 继续; 坚持下去
keep out of 置身于……外; 避开 keep up 保持; 继续; 不低落keep up with 跟上;
keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕 keep an eye on 照看; 密切注视
10. leave
leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管 leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃
leave out 遗漏, 忽略
11. look
look ahead 向前看,展望未来 look back on 回顾,回忆 look around 环顾四周 look up 查找,查阅
look into 往……里面看;调查,研究 look (right) into sb.'s eyes 直视 look out for 警惕,留心 look down on/upon 瞧不起,轻视 look through 看透,仔细查看 look up to 敬仰,尊重 look on 旁观
12. make
make out 理解,弄清楚 make up 化妆,和解,编造,组成 make up for 弥补,补偿 make a commitment 承诺,保证 make a contribution to 为……做出贡献 make a fool of sb.=fool sb. 愚弄某人 make a/no difference (没)有关系/影响 make it (事业上)获得成功 make comments on/upon (对……)发表评论 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵 make sense 有意义,有道理,讲得通 make sense of 弄懂……的意思
13. put
put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄 put away 收拾, 整理; 储存
put back 把……放回原处; 推迟 put forward 提出; 拨快
put down 记下, 写下, 镇压put out 伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版
put up 建造, 张贴; 提供住宿 put up with 忍受; 容忍
put on 穿上, 增加, 上演
14. set
set aside 划出; 留出; 拨出 set about doing sth. 着手做某事
set out 出发, 动身 set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set off 动身; 引起; 使爆炸 set up 建立, 创立
15. turn
turn away 走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低
turn up 开大; 出现, 到场 turn out 结果是, 证明是; 生产
turn over 翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against 反对; 背叛
turn to 转向; 求助于
16. take
take after 与……相像 take in 吸收,理解,上当 take for... 当作……,误以为是…… take on 呈现 take up 开始做,占用(时间或空间) take off 起飞,脱下,突然大受欢迎 take over 接管,占上风 take to 开始喜欢,养成……的习惯 take...by surprise 对……突然袭击 take...for example 以……为例 take responsibility for对……负起责任 take turns to do sth./in doing sth. 轮流做某事 take...into consideration 顾及,考虑到 take pride in 对……感到自豪 take back 收回, 撤销 take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺 take up; 从事; 占据(时间、空间); 着手处理; 接着做 take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗;take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on ; 呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用;take over 接管, 接收 take advantage of 利用;
Take it easy 放松, 别紧张 take your time 慢慢来, 别着急;take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事take action 采取行动
考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。
1.动词+ away构成的短语动词有:
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
2.动词+ for构成的短语动词有:
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算,为……计划hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还,赔偿
3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5.动词+ up构成的短语动词有:
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身。
【易错警示】
动词 + 名词 +介词
apply one’s mind to专心于;catch sight of瞧见,看见catch(take)hold of抓住 devote oneself to献身于,专心于;do(great)harm to对……危害(大);do(great)wrong to冤枉,委屈;feel pity for对……感到怜悯 ;Fix one’s eyes on 凝视;form the habit of 养成……的习惯;Get a good hold of 抓牢;Get in touch with 同……取得联系;Get ird of 除去,摆脱;give dvice on提出……建议;have none of不允许,不接受;have trust in 相信 She had trust in him.;have (no) difficulty in (没)有困难
动词 + 副词 + 介词
Add up to 总计为 ;
break away from 改掉,与……脱离关系;be up to应由……,轮到……;
Cut down on 削减;catch up with 赶上;beat down on 直射;come up to达到(标准)比得上;Com up against 遭到(反对、困难);
do well in在……做得好;drop in on 顺便来访;do away with 废除;
face up to面对,承担;Fit in with 适合,符合;fall back on 依靠;
Get through with 完成,花光;Get down to 开始认真做;Get on(along)with 进展,相处Get out of 从……出来,摆脱 ;Ran out of 用完;think higlly of 高度评价;watch out for 当心,提防;work hard at 努力于动词 + 介词 + 名词
arrive at a conclnsion得出结论 burst into pieces 成为碎片 burst into tears 突然大哭 burst into laughter突然大笑 come to sb’s help (aid)前来援助某人 come to the rescue前来营救 come into use开始使用,实施 come into power当权,执政 come into effect开始生效 come into being产生,建立 come into light发亮 come to conclusion得出结论 do up one’s hair梳理头发 Fly into a temper耍脾气 Get into trouble陷入麻烦 Get in a word插话 help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起来 make up one’s mind下决心 play away one’s time虚度光阴 plunge into sorrow使陷入悲伤 Put sth. to use使用,利用 Set to work开始工作 take on a new look呈现新面貌
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)
※基础练单项选择
1.Chengdu is famous for various kinds of snacks. Prepared in different ways, they ________ different tastes, good quality and low prices.
A.spill B.feature C.suit D.distribute
2.No sooner do you buy a computer than they ________ a new one which takes the place of it.
A.bring in B.bring out C.bring up D.bring about
3.I did enjoy the training on a very small island, for it ________ me plenty of time for reflection.
A.accelerated B.afforded C.affected D.allocated
4.His son, age 15, who had an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
A.missed B.failed C.taken D.led
5.Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years.
A.have happened B.have taken place
C.have been happened D.have been taken place
6.— How did you like Sally’s performance last night
— To be honest, her singing didn’t ______ to me much.
A.apply B.belong C.refer D.appeal
7.We had invited 100 people to the meeting, but some of them didn’t ______ for different reasons.
A.burn up B.turn up C.pick up D.catch up
8.Lily ______ shyly at the young man from behind her friends and left quickly.
A.glanced B.appeared C.glared D.stared
9.A big fire almost the small town overnight.
A.wiped out B.took out C.turned out D.helped out
10.To our surprise, most residents living nearby choose to ______ the noise from the factory and even keep quiet when interviewed by reporters.
A.catch up with B.put up with C.come up with D.keep up with
11.They’re putting up new hotels in order to tourism in these areas.
A.explode B.boost C.restrict D.polish
12.I heard about it ________ from my neighbor.
A.take over B.apart from C.in memory of D.at first hand
13.The only way they can ________ political change is by putting pressure on the country.
A.check out B.bring about C.turn into D.results in
14.Patrick ________ his gun at the wolf, but he didn't ________ it.
A.shoot…beat B.shot…miss C.aimed…pointed D.aimed…hit
15.Don't ________ today's work till tomorrow. Today's work must be done today.
A.put off B.put on C.put out D.put up
16.The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A.take down B.bring down C.hand down D.tear down
17.—How did it ________ that you made such a silly mistake
—I myself haven’t figured it out yet.
A.bring about B.come about C.come across D.come on
18.It's impossible to ________ these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.
A.value B.evaluate C.absorb D.benefit
19.She would sometimes lock herself in the room to ________ the death of her only son.
A.feel sad for B.regret C.be sorry about D.mourn
20.Her talent and experience ________ her to the respect of her colleagues.
A.permitted B.qualified C.deserved D.entitled
◎提升练用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots ________ (work) to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
22.By far,there are many problems_________(remain) to be solved.
23.After experiencing the initial failures, his career began to take _____.
24.You harshly scold your daughter for knocking the cup over. She breaks ________ in tears.
25.The accident that resulted _____________the death of two passengers resulted ______________careless driving.
26.It is a precious opportunity ________(enhance) the reputation of the company.
27.He agreed to lend me some money yesterday,but now he has second ________ (thought).
28.The town was cut ________ from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
29.When I came in, I found the fellow completely ________ (absorb) in The Last Leaf without noticing me. 30.When the president ended his speech, we ________ (clap) politely.
31.My parents had trouble adjusting to ________(live)in an apartment.
32.He had hopes of ________(select)for the national team.
33.I’ve just been so busy studying and trying ________ (absorb) all the new things around me.
34.A small bowl ________ (buy) for $35 at a home in Connecticut turned out to be a rare piece of ancient Chinese art.
35.The little girl burst out ________(cry)when she fell down.
¤真题练
1.(2020·江苏卷单项填空)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
2.(2020·天津卷单项填空)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined
3.(2020·天津卷单项填空)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A.drank a toast to B.played a joke on
C.kept an eye on D.made an apology to
4.(2020·天津卷单项填空)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined
5.(2020·天津卷单项填空)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A.take up B.carry out C.keep on D.put off
6.【2020·全国新课标II改错】 I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
7.【2020·全国新课标III改错】I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
8.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
9.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
10. (2019·北京卷·完形填空)He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things.
A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
参考答案
※基础练
1.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:成都因有各种各样的小吃而出名。这些小吃以不同方式制作而成,它们的特点是口味多样、品质好以及价格实惠。A. spill使溢出;B. feature以……为特征;C. suit适合;D. distribute分配。由语意可知,成都因小吃多样而出名是因为不仅它的小吃种类多,更是因为这些小吃具有口味多样、品质好以及低价格的特征。故选B项。
2.B
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意:你一买电脑,他们就推出一台新电脑来代替它。A. bring in引进,带来;B. bring out生产,推出;C. bring up抚养,提出;D. bring about引起,导致。由语意可知,他们推出新产品来代替旧产品。故选B。
3.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我确实很享受在一个小岛上的训练,因为它给了我足够的时间进行反思。A. accelerate加速;B. afforded负担得起,提供;C. affected影响;D. allocated分配。由语意可知,我喜欢岛上的训练,是因为它提供给我足够反思的时间。故选B。
4.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课,他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过;B. failed失败;C. taken带走;D. led带领。根据后文“an art appreciation class”可知为固定短语take a class表示“上课”。故选C。
5.B
【解析】考查动词和时态。句意:铜仁在过去时十年发生了很大的变化。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处时态用现在完成时,happen和 take place都属于不及物动词,没有被动结构,动词happen指“偶然发生”,短语take place指“有计划发生”,根据句意可知,地方变化是有计划发生。故选B。
6.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:——你觉得莎莉昨晚的表演怎么样 ——说实话,她的歌声对我没多大吸引力。A. apply申请;B. belong属于;C. refer参考;D. appeal吸引。appeal to对……产生吸引力。根据“How did you like Sally’s performance last night ”可知,莎莉的歌声不具有吸引力。故选D。
7.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们邀请了100人参加会议,但其中一些人由于不同的原因没有出现。A. burn up烧毁;B. turn up出现;C. pick up捡起;D. catch up追赶。结合语意,被邀请的100人中,有一些人没有出现,空处应用短语turn up,表示“出现”。故选B项。
8.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:莉莉害羞地从她的朋友后面看了那个年轻人一眼,然后迅速离开了。 A. glanced瞥;B. appeared出现;C. glared怒视、瞪眼;D. stared凝视。根据shyly及left quickly可知,Lily很害羞,因此,仅仅瞥了一眼。故选A项。
9.A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:一夜之间,一场大火几乎烧毁了这个小镇。A. wiped out 消灭,彻底摧毁;B. took out 拿出;C. turned out 结果证明;D. helped out 帮助……摆脱困难。根据句子结构,设空处缺谓语动词。根据句意,小镇在大火中被毁了,成为废墟。wiped out符合语境。故选A项。
10.B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:让我们惊讶的是,大多数住在附近的居民选择忍受工厂的噪音,甚至在接受记者采访时保持安静。A. catch up with赶上、追上;B. put up with忍受;C. come up with想出、提出;D. keep up with跟上、与……保持同步。根据“even keep quiet when interviewed by reporters”可知,居民选择忍受工厂的噪音。故选B项。
11.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们正在开设新的酒店,以促进这些地区的旅游业。A. explode爆炸,激增;B. boost促进,增强;C. restrict限制;D. polish修改,擦光。根据“They’re putting up new hotels”可知,开设新的酒店是为了“促进”旅游业的发展。故选B项。
12.D
【解析】考查动词和介词短语词义辨析。句意:我是直接从我的邻居那里听说这件事的。A. take over接管;B. apart from除了;C. in memory of为了纪念;D. at first hand直接。分析句子句意可知,句意表明的是从邻居那直接听到的。故选D项。
13.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们能带来政治变革的唯一途径就是向这个国家施加压力。A. check out核实;B. bring about引起;C. turn into变成;D. results in导致。根据空后的内容可知,只有引起政治变革的唯一途径就是向这个国家施加压力。故选B项。
14.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:帕特里克把枪对准了那只狼,但没有打中它。根据第一空后的“his gun at the wolf”可知,此处应该填动词aimed,aim sth. at sth.是固定短语,意为“将……瞄准……”;shoot意为“射击;开枪”,其过去式为shot,不符合句意,故排除答案AB。第二空前有助动词didn't,后面应跟动词原形,pointed在结构上不符合,词义“对准;指向”也不符合;hit意为“命中;击中”符合句意。故选D。
15.A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:不要把今天的工作拖到明天。今天的工作必须在今天完成。A. put off延期,推迟;B. put on穿上;上演;C. put out扑灭;出版;D. put up举起;提出;根据句意可知,此处指“不要把今天的工作推迟到明天”,因此put off符合题意。故选A。
16.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:为了保持市场稳定,政府已经釆取措施来降低日常用品的高昂价格。take down 写下;bring down 降低;hand down 传承;tear down 撕毁,拆卸。根据“to keep the market stable”可知,此处意为“降低高昂的价格”。bring down符合句意。故选B。
17.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:——你怎么犯了如此愚蠢的错误? ——我自己也还没有弄明白怎么会这样。A. bring about导致,引起;B. come about发生,产生;C. come across偶遇;D. come on (表鼓励、催促等)加油,快。结合“you made such a silly mistake”可知,此处指“这件事怎么会发生”,应用动词短语come about。故选B项。
18.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果不更多了解所采用的研究方法,就不可能评估这些结果。A. value 重视、估价;B. evaluate评估、评价;C. absorb吸收;D. benefit使受益。分析句意可知,此处用evaluate表示“评估”结果,符合语境。故选B项。
19.D
【解析】考查动词及动词短语的辨析。句意:她有时会把自己锁在房间里,哀悼她唯一的儿子的死亡。A.feel sad for对……感到难过;B.regret后悔;C.be sorry about 对……感到后悔;D.mourn悼念。根据“ the death of her only son”可知,“悼念”符合语境。故选D项。
20.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她的才能和经验使她受到了同事的尊重。A.permitted允许; B.qualified取得资格; C.deserved值得;D.entitled使获得。entitle sb. to sth.,意为“使某人有权获得某物”。符合句意。故选D。
◎提升练
21.will be working
【解析】考查谓语。句意:虽然人工智能爱好者们允诺了我们光明的未来,到那时,智能机器人将会发挥我们最大的优势,但是这些毫无疑问的好处也会给我们带来担忧和恐惧。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查where引导的定语从句的谓语动词,根据bright future可知,这是指未来将会正在发生的事情,所以要用将来进行时。故填will be working。
22.remaining
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,还有许多问题有待解决。句子谓语为are,故设空处为非谓语形式,problems与remain为主谓关系,应用现在分词,短语remaining to be solved作many problems的后置定语。故填remaining.
23.off
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:在经历了一开始的失败后,他的事业开始腾飞。从句中隐含的这层“欲扬先抑”的意思中,可以推断,这里要用take off表示“(事业)突然成功”。故填off。
24.down
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:你因女儿将茶杯打翻而严厉地斥责她,她禁不住哭了起来。break down in tears为固定短语,意为“禁不住哭出来”。故填down。
25. in from
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:导致两名乘客死亡的事故是由于粗心驾驶造成的。result in 后跟结果,意思是“导致”;resulf from后跟原因,意思是“由...造成;因...而产生”。由第一个空后death of two passengers 可知该处为导致的结果,第二个空后careless driving为原因,故填in;;from。
26.to enhance
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这是提高公司声誉的宝贵机会。所给词enhance,动词,意为“增强,提高,改善”。此题考查an opportunity to do sth,意为“做某事的机会”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enhance。
27.thoughts
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词复数。句意:他昨天答应借我一些钱,但现在他改变主意了。根据句意及所给词thought,设空处应用名词复数thoughts,作宾语。短语have second thoughts,意为“(对原先的决定)犹豫产生怀疑”,为固定搭配。故填thoughts。
28.off
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:由于大雪,这个城镇与外界隔绝了。根据句意,此处表示“隔绝”,应填动词短语cut off,故填off。
29.absorbed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我进来时,我发现那家伙完全沉浸在《最后的一片叶子》里,没有注意到我。absorb,动词,意为“使全神贯注,使专心”;句子的谓语动词为found,故设空处为非谓语动词,所给单词absorb与逻辑主语the fellow之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词形式absorbed,作宾语the fellow的补足语。故填absorbed。
30.clapped
【解析】考查时态。句意:当总统结束他的演讲时,我们礼貌地鼓掌。根据句子结构,设空处为主句的谓语动词,时间从句中表述过去发生的动作,为一般过去时态,故主句的设空处也用一般过去时态,clap,意为“鼓掌”,过去式为clapped。故填clapped。
31.living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我父母很难适应住在公寓里。动词短语adjust to doing sth,意为“适应做……”,为固定搭配,to后接动名词,作宾语。故填living。
32.being selected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他希望入选国家队。of后应接动名词短语,动词select与逻辑主语he之间为动宾关系,应用动名词的被动形式。故填being selected。
33.to absorb
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我一直在忙着学习,努力吸收周围的新事物。动词absorb意为“吸收,理解,掌握(信息)”;动词短语try to do sth,意为“努力做某事”,为固定搭配,动词不定式作try的宾语。故填to absorb。
34.bought
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在康涅狄格州的一个家里花35美元买的一个小碗原来是一件罕见的中国古代艺术品。分析句子结构和句意可知,此句已有谓语turned,所以此空用非谓语作空前名词a small bowl的后置定语,且碗是“被买”,所以用过去分词,表示被动。故填bought。
35.crying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:小女孩摔倒时突然大哭起来。此处考查动词短语搭配burst out doing sth,意为“突然做某事”,设空处应填动名词,作宾语。故填crying。
¤真题练
1.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类,仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清;B. justify证明;C. satisfy 满足;D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知,此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解;B. accepted接受;C. compromised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharon想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子,因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯;B. played a joke on开……的玩笑;C. kept an eye on照看,留意,密切注视;D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子,所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境,故选C。
4.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解;B. accepted接受;C. compromised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharon想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据;B. carry out实施;C. keep on 继续;D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知,我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
6.考查固定搭配。句意:我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子,此处come为不及物动词,后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在come 和China之间加to。
7.【2020·全国新课标III改错】I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
【答案】forced 后面加to
考查固定句型。句意:我告诉我妈妈,如果我们被迫吃东西,我们可能会生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事,所以forced 后面加to。
8.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像;reflecting反映;reviewing回顾;restoring恢复,根据题意,故选B。
9.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make out“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep off“(使)避开”。故选C。
10. 【答案】C
【解析】句意:在坐车的时候,Wilson会问这些学生问题,然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候,
Wilson会检查(check on)上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间,Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。