备战2023年高考英语考点微专题考向06 爱黏实词的介词(全国通用)学案(含答案)

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名称 备战2023年高考英语考点微专题考向06 爱黏实词的介词(全国通用)学案(含答案)
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考向06 介词
(
命题趋势
)
介词在英语中比较活跃,是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
(
考点综述
)
(
考点一
常见介词的基本用法
)常见介词的基本用法;常见介词辨析;介词短语
【真题典例】
(2022年全国甲卷--语法填空)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20,
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
(2022年全国乙卷--语法填空)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
(2022年全国乙卷--短文改错)Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.
【答案】在because后加of
【解析】考查介词。句意:也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”,后面接从句,短语because of表示“因为”,后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
(2022年全国新高考1卷--语法填空)Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
【考点归纳】
表时间介词
at接时间点;in接一段时间;on接具体的时间;by不迟于,在……前。
at 10:00, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise;
on September 2nd, on the morning of May 1st;
I'll be back in three hours.
in和after后都可以接时间段,表示“在……之后”,但in常与将来时连用,after常与过去时连用。
We will meet again in two weeks.
They finished the task after two days.
for, since, from的区别
(1) “for+时间段”表示“某动作或状态持续了多久”,可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。
For many years, people have dreamed of electric ears.
(2)“since+时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”,强调从过去某时延续至今的一段时间,常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。
(3)“from+(过去)时间点”常与一般过去时连用;“from+(现在/将来)时间点”常与一般将来时连用。
She began to learn to sing from the age of five.
注意:当名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each, some等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。如this morning;last year。
表方位的介词
1. on, over, above, below, under, beneath的区别
(1)on表示“在……上”,强调两物相接触,仅表示“处于……之上”,是静态。
(2)over也表示“在……上”,但强调覆盖这一物体,表示“越过”某一高度,是动态。
(3)above表示位置高于某人或某物,但不一定是正上方,反义词是below。指数量时,一般用 over(=more than)表示“超过”,但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度时,要用 above。
(4)below与under 都可表示“低于”。under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而 below 则不一定表示正下方。
(5)beneath在……之下;在……的(正)下方;低于
They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.
Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees
The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain.
2. between与among的区别
(1)between主要用来指两者之间的关系,也可指两者以上的人或物之间的关系,但是主要强调每个个体之间的相互关系。
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Italy and Austria.
(2)among用来指没有明确数目的人与人或物与物之间的整体关系。
We found a little house hidden among the trees.
表工具、手段、方式的介词
1. by+抽象名词/动名词,表示“乘坐……交通工具,通过……的方式”;by后接的名词需用单数,其前不加冠词或修饰词。
by sea/water/rail/road/land/air通过海路/水路/铁路/公路/陆路/乘坐飞机
by bike/taxi/plane/ship/boat/train骑自行车/乘坐出租车/乘飞机/乘船/乘火车
The man made a living by selling newspaper.
Reservation can be made by telephone.
in表示使用语言、原料、材料等,如:in ink用墨水,in English 用英语,in pencil用铅笔。
3. with表示使用有形的器皿、工具,后接具体的名词,如:with a pen用钢笔;with a knife用刀。
4. through表示“通过……途径/方式/方法等”。
Through this activity, we have benefited a lot.
归纳拓展:
1. 表达“用……方式”的介词短语有:in this/that/the same way, by means of, by this/that means, with this/that method。
2. 当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用in/on,名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰。如:in this plane乘坐这架飞机,in a car坐小车,on my bike骑我的自行车,on the horse骑这匹马。
3. 表示步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on,如:on foot步行;on horseback骑马;on the camel骑骆驼。
表示原因的介词
for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
【易错警示】
表示“关于”的about,on about指涉及;on指专门论述
as与like的区别 as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别 in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
表示“除……之外”的介词 besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,“除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well as
to,at,for,toward(s)都表示方向,“到……,向……,朝……”
(1)toward(s)强调动作的方向;to则兼指“到达”的含义,强调结果。
(2)for常用在leave,start,set out,set off,head,sail的后面,表示要去的目的地。
(
考点二
常考介词的辨析
)(3)at常和throw,shout,shoot等动词连用,表示目标。常常含有仇恨的感彩。而to与这些词连用时,仅仅表示方向。
【真题典例】
1.________our arriving at the airport, we were given a warm welcome by the local people.
A.With B.As soon as
C.Upon D.Until
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意:我们一到机场,就被当地人给予热烈的欢迎。upon/on+名词/动名词表示“一……就……”,as soon as也可以表示一……就……,但是后面需要跟句子,故选C。
2.(2017·北京)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A.among B.against
C.behind D.below
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于……之间; be against 反对; be behind 在……后面; be below在……之下。根据句意,故选A。
【点睛】对于介词辨析题目,首先可以从句意着手,看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键,其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查,学生在平时的学习中要勤积累,多记忆,多多积累,以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出,还有的是一些固定搭配,需要了如指掌。
3.Obviously, many wines have improved, or are expected to improve _____age, and it is the case ________friendship.
A.with; with B.to; over C.alongside; in D.for; of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:很明显,很多酒都会改善口感,或者说随着时间的推移,酒会改善口感,友谊也是这样。结合选项可知,只有with age为正确搭配,意为“随着时间的推移”,it is the case with也为固定搭配,意为“…的情况是这样”。故选A项。
4.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A.for B.on
C.in D.at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
点睛:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for为……预约。
【考点归纳】
1. about,on,of 关于
①on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于"学术上"的"论文"或"演说"等题目,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读,有"论及"之意。
②about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式,有"述及"之意。
③of作"关于"讲,表示提及、涉及某人(事)时,只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情;有时与about意义相近,但有时意义很不同,常与动词know、hear、learn(听说)、speak、talk、think、tell等连用。
2. except,except for,except that,but,besides,beside
①except"除……之外",指不包括……,后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格),还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式,此时相当于but,但不定式常不带to。
②except for"除了,只有",意思和except一样,主要指说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以修正,后面常接名词性短语。
③except that"除了,只是",意思和except、except for一样。但在用法上,其后常接名词性从句,也可接when、where等词引导的其他从句。
④but所含"除……外"的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词(主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词)之后。
⑤besides表示"除……外还有",所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外,besides可用作副词,相当于also,有"而且,加之,何况"之意。
⑥beside也是介词,表示"在附近",只不过形似besides,容易相互混淆。
如果在区别前后有同类的词语时,就用except,否则就用except for。
3. including,included
①including是一个介词,意为"包括",它一般放在包括对象的前面。
②included是一个过去分词,意为"包括"。它一般用于被动语态中,也可放在包括对象的后面。
4. in,later,during 都与时段名词搭配
①in作介词,同时段名词搭配,即"in + 时段名词",一般用于将来时。
②later表示"……以后",常同时段名词搭配,即"时段名词 + later",常与过去时连用。
③during作介词时,同时段名词搭配,即"during + 时段名词",常与现在时或将来时等连用。
5. in,with,by 用
①with通常指"用"具体的或有形的工具、器官等,有时也表示"用"某种手段、音调等。
②by作介词表示"用"时,一般指"用"方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词,后面接名词时,该名词前面一般不加修饰语。
③in指"用"语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。
【易错警示】
over,above,on,beyond表示“在……上”
(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”,其反义词是under;over还可表示在被覆盖在物体的上面。over还可表示“超过”,多用于年龄、时间、距离。还可表示“在……期间”,相当于during,while doing。
The English language has changed over hundreds of years.英语发生变化有几百年了。
They were having a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.他们边喝咖啡边愉快地聊天。
(2)above一般表示“在……的上方”,只说明物体间的上下关系,可能垂直,也可能不垂直。如:
A fly was flying above the table.一只苍蝇正在餐桌上飞。
另外,above还可指在数量、重量、价格、费用等方面超过或高于规定的数量或一般标准。如:
The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.书架应离地面六英尺。
(3)on一般表示“在……上面”,通常指与物体的表面有接触。
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。
当表示“陷入其中”时,我们也要用介词in,尽管汉语表示“在……上”。如:
There is a window in the wall.墙上有扇窗户。
(4)beyond一般指超过界限、范围、限度等。如:
①I’m curious to know what there is beyond the sea.我非常想知道大洋彼岸有什么。
②Why he did it is beyond my comprehension.我不能理解他为什么做这件事。
The situation was getting beyond his control.他无法控制局势。
due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to
这几个短语都可以作“由于,因为”解,是表原因的介词短语。
(1)due to...有三个用法:作定语、表语和状语;作状语时可放在句首或句尾。如:
①The mistake due to carelessness is serious.由于粗心大意所造成的这个错误是严重的。
②Due to driving at high speed the accidents were common.由于高速驾驶,交通事故很常见。
③His illness is due to bad food.他生病的原因是吃了劣质食物。
(2)owing to...可作状语、定语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子,一般应和句子的其他成分隔开,可放在句首、句中或句尾。如:
①The service is poor owing to a shortage of staff.服务之所以差是因为工作人员不足。
②She is now, owing to bad health, not so active in the activity.由于身体不好,她现在在活动中表现得没有那么活跃了。
(3)on account of...可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰全句,应和句子的其他成分隔开,但有时也可不隔开。如:He resigned on account of age.
(4)thanks to...只作状语,比较正式,有感谢的含义,作“多亏”解,但有时也含有贬义。如:
Thanks to your help, we were successful.多亏你的帮助,我们才得以成功。
(
考点三
介词短语
)
【真题典例】
1.(2021·天津·高考真题)Nowadays many people travel across China ________ high-speed trains.
A.on behalf of B.by means of
C.at cost of D.in terms of
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:如今,许多人乘高铁在中国各地旅行。A. on behalf of代表,为了;B. by means of用,依靠,借助于;C. at cost of以……为代价;D. in terms of在……方面,依据,按照。分析语境,人们去旅行,用的交通工具是高铁(借助于高铁),仅有B符合语境,故选B。
2.(2020·江苏·高考真题)Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A.in exchange for B.in answer to C.in contact with D.in memory of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换;B. in answer to回答;C. in contact with接触,与……有联系;D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知,此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
3.(2020·天津·高考真题)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A.in the shape of B.beyond the reach of
C.at the mercy of D.on the side of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状;B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配;D. on the side of拥护……,站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
4.(2020·天津·高考真题)Don’t be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am __________ and have to catch the 11:00 train.
A.on a limited budget B.in high spirits
C.on a tight schedule D.in deep doubt
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:9点的会议不要迟到,因为我的时间很紧,必须赶11点的火车。A. on a limited budget预算有限;B. in high spirits情绪高涨;C. on a tight schedule日程很紧;D. in deep doubt深度怀疑。根据句意和“have to catch the 11:00 train”可知是日程安排很紧,故选C。
5.(2019·江苏·高考真题)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A.in effect B.in command C.in turn D.in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的政策事实上都会鼓励员工专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上,事实上;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A符合语境。
6.(2019·天津·高考真题)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A.According to B.Instead of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词词组。句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据(……所说);按(……所报道);B. instead of代替,作为……的替换;C. in addition to另外,加之,除……之外;D. in spite of尽管,不管。前后形成让步关系,故选D。
7.(2019·天津·高考真题)The captain of the ship was advised to turn back a sudden heavy storm.
A.due to B.by means of
C.in addition to D.instead of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词词组辨析。句意:由于突然来了一场暴风雨,船长被建议返航。A. due to由于;B. by means of通过;C. in addition to除……之外;D. instead of代替,而不是。故A选项正确。
【考点归纳】
与介词in搭配的常用短语
in a way在某种程度上 in no way没门 in the way挡住道路
in vain徒劳 in general 通常,大体上 in detail 详细地 in turn 轮流 in return 作为回报
in need 需要 in time 迟早;及时 in advance提前,事先; in case如果,万一;
in charge主管,负责;in common共有,共同;in demand有需要;
in doubt不确定,不肯定;in effect实际上;in fact事实上
与out of搭配的常用短语
out of date/time 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能
out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及
out of date过时;out of curiosity出于好奇
“in+名词+of”常用搭配
in honor of 为纪念……in charge of 负责;掌管in terms of 依据;就……而言
in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持;赞同in need of 需要
in view of鉴于;in spite of尽管;in case of如果,万一
与介词at搭配的常用短语
at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时地/有时
at one's request 应某人的要求at a loss 不知所措at length详尽地;at sea茫然;at will随意;
at work在上班;at war处于战争状态;at ease放松;at table在吃饭;at risk处于危险中
与beyond搭配的常用短语
beyond one's power超出某人的权力范围;beyond one's reach够不着;beyond description难以形容;
beyond words无法用语言形容;beyond doubt无疑,肯定;beyond recognition认不出来
of+名词
of value有价值的;of help 有帮助的;of interest 有趣的;of benefit 有益的;of use有用的
其他常考短语
on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all 毕竟;别忘了
regardless of 不管,不顾on the whole 总的说来on the contrary 相反
【易错警示】
名词与介词的固定搭配
要求用to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction
要求用in的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert
要求用on的名词:mercy,congratulation
要求用其他介词的名词:prize(for),respect(for),victory(over),struggle(with)
形容词与介词的固定搭配
要求用at的形容词:angry,good,bad,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened
要求用of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy
要求用with的形容词:angry,strict,busy,popular
要求用in的形容词:weak,strict,rich, interested,successful,slow xk.w
要求用to的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due
要求用for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry
要求用from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired
要求用about的形容词:sorry,worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain
与过去分词连用的介词
be absorbed in全神贯注于 be brudened with负重 be connected with同……有关,同……有联系
be covered with覆盖 be crowded with 挤满be dressed in穿着be engaged to与……订婚
be equipped with 装备be experienced in对……有经验be filled with 填满
be furnished with 提供,布置be interested in对……有兴趣be joined to连接,结合
be known as因……而知名be known for因……而出名be looked on as作为…看待
be made into被制成,使成为be made up of由……构成be married to与……结婚
be pleased with对……喜欢,满意be prepared for准备好be regarded as被认为
be satisfied with对……满意be ashamed of对……感到羞愧
be tired of(sth)对……厌烦be terrified at被……吓一跳
与名词连用的介词to
to+one’s+情感名词 amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement (疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲伤),surprise (惊讶)
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)
※基础练单项选择
1.In Britain 18-to-24-year-olds are spending _________ time on Facebook and Instagram, its sister app, as they were four years ago.
A.much more B.as half much C.more much D.half as much
2.In recent years, many people________Asian origin have been subjected to various forms of racial discrimination in science.
A.in B.of C.to D.from
3.The program has made great progress ______ little support from the government.
A.due to B.with regard to C.instead of D.in spite of
4.I heard about it ________ from my neighbor.
A.take over B.apart from C.in memory of D.at first hand
5.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ________ there won’t be much work.
A.where B.beyond which C.by which D.without which
6.Speed of cars is measured ________ kilometres per hour.
A.on B.in C.by D.to
7.Your composition is superior ______ his ______ handwriting.
A.to; in B.with; in C.to; with D.of; on
8.Many adults report that even when out in nature, they ________ not take the time to admire a spectacular mountain ________ pulling out their smartphone to take a picture.
A.may … before B.may … after
C.should … before D.should … after
9.In rugby, you can ________ the ball from the hands or under the arm of the carrier ________ committing a foul if you’re standing on your feet in an onside position.
A.crush … without B.crush … rather than
C.grab … without D.grab … rather than
10.No visitors will fail to imagine how native inhabitants existed ________ their natural habitat on Macquarie Island after it became an official nature reserve.
A.in harmony with B.in conflict with
C.in combination with D.in agreement with
11.Liu Qian performed successfully at the 2009 Spring Festival Gala .________, he became more and more popular with people.
A.As a result B.After all
C.As a whole D.In a word
12.Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher.
A.rather than B.regardless of C.due to D.not to mention
13.______ the influence of alcohol, he couldn’t ______ his son was lying to him.
A.With; risk B.With; tell C.Under; distinguish D.Under; ensure
14.__________ study and health, we should develop a healthy life style.
A.In order to B.At the sight of C.In terms of D.As far as
15.China has been pushing the reform of off-campus curriculum-subject tutoring services _________ students at the stage of compulsory education.
A.in pursuit of B.for the benefit of
C.in charge of D.in contrast to
16.Now, the competition is too fierce in every field, and Mary never takes her daughter’s studies __________ granted __________ she should lag behind others.
A.as; even though B.for; as though C.for; in the event that D.as; for fear that
17.The unexpected race result had the crowd __________and then the thunderous applause burst out.
A.on the edge of the seat B.ticking all the right boxes
C.letting off steam D.holding their horses
18.As is known to all, the tiger is in _____danger of becoming ______.
A.不填;extinct B.a ; extinction C.不填; extincted D.the; extinct
19.I’m sorry to hurt you, but I didn’t do it ________.
A.on purpose B.in common C.on occasion D.on the purpose
20.Tom admitted ________ in the examination, so he was not admitted ________ college in the end.
A.having cheated; for B.have cheated; to C.having cheated; into D.have cheated; for
◎提升练用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.She accepted the criticism _________ quiet dignity.
22.Studies have shown that students who use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—improving their scores________as much as 15 percent.
23.“Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field, marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine ________ the cause of human health and shows China’s growing strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter on Monday evening.
24.Tom explained to his teacher the reason ________he came late.
25.I grew up in the small village ________I was born.
26.___________top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
27.The pyramids are a testimony ________ the ancient Egyptians' engineering skills.
28.We should not lose heart ________ the face of difficulties. If we work hard,we will find a way out.
29.She took a deep breath and sat up slowly________ great effort.
30.In case ________ fire, ring the bell.
31.I sat on the side of the stage, ________my script open on a music stand in front of me.
32.China's soft power grows in line________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
33.At the time it was built, the Chek Lap Kok Airport in Hong Kong was the biggest civil engineering
project ________ all time.
34.The music struck a chord _________ the listeners and they rose to their feet to applaud for a long time.
35.His neighbour accused him ________ playing the musical instrument too loudly.
¤真题练
1.(2019·江苏·高考真题)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A.in effect B.in command C.in turn D.in shape
2.(2019·天津·高考真题)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A.According to B.Instead of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
3.(2019·天津·高考真题)The captain of the ship was advised to turn back a sudden heavy storm.
A.due to B.by means of
C.in addition to D.instead of
4.(2017·天津·高考真题)I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood; ________, I remember times when I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.
A.in turn B.by chance C.in particular D.by contrast
5.(2017·全国·高考真题)The car is great_______its power, economy and space, but it is not comfortable.
A.by way of B.by means of
C.in terms of D.in place of
6.(2015·湖北·高考真题)This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ___________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A.in advance B.in detail
C.in total D.in general
7.(2014·陕西·高考真题)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
A.by B.of C.in D.with
8.(2014·北京·高考真题)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A.by B.in
C.for D.until
9.(2008·湖南·高考真题)— When did you last hear ______ Jay
— He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.
A.of, to B.about, with C.from, with D.from, on
10.(2007·湖北·高考真题)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this creates further problems.
A.in short B.in case C.in doubt D.in turn
11.(2016·浙江·高考真题)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
A.on B.in
C.at D.about
12.(2018·江苏·高考真题)China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A.in line with B.in reply to
C.in return for D.in honour of
13.(2018·北京·高考真题)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A.for B.on
C.in D.at
14.(2018·天津·高考真题)Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A.at first B.after all
C.above all D.at random
15.(2017·江苏·高考真题)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A.in contrast to B.in defense of
C.in face of D.in relation to
16.(2017·天津·高考真题)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A.among B.against
C.behind D.below
17.(2017·江苏·高考真题)—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean
—It’s nothing. Just something _________.
A.as clear as day B.off the top of my head
C.under my nose D.beyond my wildest dreams
18.(2015·浙江·高考真题)Most people work because it’s unavoidable. ________, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
A.As a result B.In addition
C.By contrast D.In conclusion
19.(2015·浙江·高考真题)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes________animals both on land and sea
A.about B.to
C.with D.over
20.(2014·广西·高考真题)September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.
A.by B.for C.with D.in
参考答案
※基础练
1.D
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:在英国,18到24岁的年轻人花在Facebook和Instagram(其姊妹应用)上的时间是四年前的一半。根据空后的as可知,此处考查as much...as结构,排除A、C项,much后接被修饰的不可数名词time,half作为倍数,应置于第一个as之前,故选D项。
2.B
【解析】考查介词。句意:近些年来,许多亚裔人在科学上遭受到了各种形式的种族歧视。A. in在......里面;B. of属于......的;C. to向、朝着;D. from来自。由语意可知,那些有亚洲血统的人在科学方面遭受到了种族歧视,因此,空处前面的many people与空处后面的Asian origin之间是所属关系。故选B项。
3.D
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:尽管政府给予很少的支持,但这个项目仍取得了巨大的成就。A. due to 由于;B. with regard to 关于,至于;C. instead of 而不是;D. in spite of 尽管,虽然。根据句意可知,此处应用in spite of,表示“尽管”,表让步,为状语。故选D项。
4.D
【解析】考查动词和介词短语词义辨析。句意:我是直接从我的邻居那里听说这件事的。A. take over接管;B. apart from除了;C. in memory of为了纪念;D. at first hand直接。分析句子句意可知,句意表明的是从邻居那直接听到的。故选D项。
5.D
【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:这里的村民以渔业为生,没有了渔业就不会有太多的工作。分析句子结构可知,空处所在句子应为非限制性定语从句,对主句内容进行补充,关系代词which指代先行词fishing industry,结合句意,村民离开了渔业就无以为生,所以用介词without。故选D项。
6.B
【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:汽车的速度是以公里每小时来计算的。A. on在……上,关于;B. in在……里,用; C. by通过;D.to向,对于。be measured in“被以……方式测量”是固定短语。故选B。
7.A
【解析】考查介词和短语。句意:你的作文在书法方面比他的好。be superior to优越于;in在……方面,in handwriting表示“在书法方面”。故选A。
8.A
【解析】考查情态动词和介词。句意:许多成年人表示,即使在大自然中,他们在拿出智能手机拍照之前,可能也不会花时间欣赏壮观的山峰。情态动词may意为“也许,可能”; should意为“应该”。根据句意,此处指成年人的习惯做法,但是不绝对,所以用“可能”符合句意;第二空填考查介词。not…before…相当于not…until…或after…,意为“在拿出智能手机拍照之前,不会花时间欣赏壮观的山峰”。故选A。
9.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析和固定短语。句意:在橄榄球比赛中,如果你站在侧位,你可以从手或胳膊下抢球而不犯规。第一空crush挤压,捣碎;grab夺取,抢夺,根据后文“the ball from the hands or under the arm of the carrier”指从他人手里夺球,应用grab;第二空without没有;rather than而不是,根据后文“committing a foul”指不犯规,应用without。故选C。
10.A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:当麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后,没有人会不去想象当地居民是如何与他们的自然栖息地和谐相处的。A. in harmony with与……协调 ,和谐相处;B. in conflict with与……有冲突;C. in combination with与……合作,与……联合 ;D. in agreement with符合;与……一致。根据“after it became an official nature reserve.”可知,此处表示人与自然和谐相处,故选A。
11.A
【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意:刘谦在2009年春节联欢晚会上表演成功,因此,他越来越受人们的欢迎。A. As a result因此;B. After all 毕竟;C. As a whole总的来说;D. In a word简而言之。根据句意可知,“刘谦在2009年春节联欢晚会上表演成功”与“他越来越受人们的欢迎。”是因果关系。故选A。
12.A
【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意:鼓励学生掌握自己的学习,而不是只依赖老师。A. rather than而不是;B. regardless of不顾,不管;C. due to由于;D. not to mention更不用说。根据句意可知,此处为意思“而不是”符合句意要求。故选A项。
13.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定搭配中介词的用法和动词词义辨析。句意:在酒精的作用下,他看不出儿子在对他撒谎。under the influence of sb./sth.为固定搭配,意为“在某人或某物的影响下”,所以第一个空填under;A. risk冒险;B. tell 告诉,辨别;C. distinguish 分清;D. ensure确保。根据句意可知,在酒精作用下,他无法分清儿子是否在撒谎。故选C项。
14.C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意:在学习和健康方面,我们应该养成健康的生活方式。A. In order to为了;B. At the sight of一看见;C. In terms of在……方面,就……而言;D. As far as只要,远至。结合句意可知,此处指“在学习和健康方面”,其他选项不符合题意。故选C项。
15.B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:在义务教育阶段为了学生的利益,中国一直在推动校外课程辅导服务的改革。A. in pursuit of追求;B. for the benefit of为……的利益;C. in charge of主管;D. in contrast to与……形成对比。分析句子结构并根据句意可知,此处用for the benefit of students(为了学生的利益)在句中作状语。故选B项。
16.C
【解析】考查固定短语和条件状语从句。句意:现在各个领域的竞争都太激烈了,如果女儿万一落后了,玛丽也从不把女儿的学习视为理所当然。A. even though尽管;B. as though好像;C. in the event that如果,万一;D. for fear that以免,唯恐。take sth for granted认为……理所当然,固定短语;结合句意可知,第二空用in the event that引导条件状语从句,相当于if,故选C项。
17.A
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意:出乎意料的比赛结果让观众十分兴奋,然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。A. on the edge of the seat十分兴奋的,兴奋得坐不住的;B. ticking all the right boxes一切顺利;C. in their own right凭他们本身的实力;D. holding their horses不要着急。根据后文“and then the thunderous applause burst out”指观众十分兴奋。故选A。
18.A
【解析】考查固定短语、冠词和形容词。句意:众所周知,老虎有灭绝的危险。介词短语in danger“处于危险之中”是固定搭配;系动词becoming后应用形容词extinct作表语。故选A项。
19.A
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意:对不起我伤害了你,但我不是故意的。A. on purpose故意;B. in common共有;C. on occasion有时;D. on the purpose(错误表达)。结合语境可知,此处是指说话人表明自己不是故意对听话人造成伤害的,on purpose“故意”符合题意。故选A。
20.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意:汤姆承认考试作弊,所以最后没被大学录取。admit having done是固定短语,意为“承认做过某事”,be admitted into是固定短语,意为“被……录取”,根据句意可知,第一空是“承认作弊”,应用having cheated,第二空是“被……录取”,应用into。故选C。
◎提升练
21.with
【解析】考查介词。句意:她大度地接受了批评。根据句意,with dignity 为固定搭配,意为“有尊严地”。故填with。
22.by
【解析】考查介词。句意:研究表明,在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——他们的分数提高了15%。分析句子结构,设空处应用介词。结合“as much as 15percent”及句意,此处表示幅度“提高了”,应用介词by。故填by。
23.to
【解析】考查介词。句意:周一晚上,李克强总理在贺信中说:“屠呦呦获奖标志着中国在科技领域的繁荣和进步,标志着中医药对人类健康事业的巨大贡献,显示了中国不断增长的实力和国际地位不断上升。”。此处考查的是固定搭配:a great contribution to sth. “对某事的贡献”。故填to。
24.why##for which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:汤姆向他的老师解释了他迟到的原因。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查定语从句。先行词是reason,在从句he came late中做原因状语,用关系副词why或者介词+关系代词来引导,和先行词搭配的介词是for,所以用for which。故填why或者for which。
25.where##in which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我在我出生的小村庄里面长大。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词是village,在从句I was born中做地点状语,用关系副词where或者用介词+关系代词连接定语从句,和先行词搭配的介词是in,所以可以用in which。故填where或者in which。
26.On
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语。句意:除此之外,现在大多数3D食品打印机仅限于干燥的原料,因为肉类和奶制品很容易变质。根据on top of(除……之外)可知空格处填 On。置于句首,首字母大写。故填On。
27.to
【解析】考查介词,句意:金字塔就是对古代埃及的工程技术的一个证明。根据 a testimony to (是......的证据)可知空格处填to。
28.in
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意:在困难面前我们不应该失去信心。我们如果努力工作,会找到出路的。in the face of为固定短语,意为“面对”。故填in。
29.with
【解析】考查介词。句意:她深深地吸了一口气,费劲地慢慢坐起来。根据句意,可知此处用介词with+名词作状语,with great effort费劲地,符合题意。故填with。
30.of
【解析】考查介词。句意:万一起火的话,按门铃。in case of ......,译为万一......发生的话。这短语后面接名词。故填of。
【点睛】
31.with
【解析】考查with的复合结构。句意:我坐在舞台的一边,将我的剧本放在我前面的音乐架上。分析可知,空格处是with的复合结构,即:with+my script(宾语)+open(宾补)。故填with。
32.with
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:中国的软实力随着全球对中国的日益认可和理解而增长。根据 in line with (和......一致)可知,空格处填介词with。
33.of
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:当时被建设时,香港赤鱲角国际机场是有史以来最大的国内工程项目。根据句意可知,此处是固定短语of all time(有史以来)。故填of。
34.with
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:这首音乐引起了听众的共鸣,他们站起来鼓掌了好长时间。strike a chord with…表示“与……产生共鸣”。故答案为with。
35.of
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:他的邻居指责他弹奏乐器的声音太大了。根据accuse sb. of sth.表示“控告/控诉/谴责某人某事”。可知空格处填of。
¤真题练
1.A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的政策事实上都会鼓励员工专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上,事实上;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A符合语境。
2.D
【解析】考查介词词组。句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据(……所说);按(……所报道);B. instead of代替,作为……的替换;C. in addition to另外,加之,除……之外;D. in spite of尽管,不管。前后形成让步关系,故选D。
3.A
【解析】考查介词词组辨析。句意:由于突然来了一场暴风雨,船长被建议返航。A. due to由于;B. by means of通过;C. in addition to除……之外;D. instead of代替,而不是。故A选项正确。
4.C
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:我仍然对我的童年有一些甜蜜的回忆;我特别记得我和朋友们在山上探索洞穴的时候。A. in turn轮流;B. by chance偶然;C. in particular特别;D. by contrast相反。根据“I remember times when I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.”可知,我对童年时期和朋友在山上探索洞穴的时候的回忆特别记得。故选C。
5.C
【解析】考查介词固定短语。句意:就动力、经济性和空间来说,这辆车很好,但不舒服。A. by way of路经,途经;B. by means of依靠,借助于;C. in terms of就…而言;D. in place of代替。根据“its power, economy and space”可知,指就动力、经济型和空间这三方面而言,故选C。
6.A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。A. in advance提前;B. in detail详细地;C. in all总共,总计;D. in general大体上,笼统地。根据句意可知,此处用in advance“提前”符合语境。故选A项。
7.D
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:那个长着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩获得了第五届汉语口语大赛的一等奖。A. by凭借; B. of……的;C. in在……里面;D. with带有。根据语境可知,那个苏格兰女孩长着一双蓝色眼睛,故选D。
8.B
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:Jane很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开;在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时,表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时,四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。故B正确。
9.D
【解析】考查介词与其它词类的搭配。句意:——你最后一次收到Jay的来信是什么时候?——今天早晨他打我的电话了,我们就见面的地点和时间达成了协议。hear from sb.(收到某人的来信);agree on sth.(在某事上达成协议)。故选D项。
10.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:人们试图用自己的车来避免公共交通的延误,这反过来又造成了进一步的问题。A. in short简言之;B. in case以防;C. in doubt怀疑;D. in turn反过来。根据句意及常识可知,自己驾车避免公共交通带来的耽搁“反过来”带来了新的问题。故选D。
11.B
【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句,省略that,定语从句中cultures作宾语,那么还缺少一个介词,和cultures搭配用介词in,in the cultures在环境中。故选B。
【点睛】
这道题与其说是考查介词,还不如说是考查定语从句,因为介词in不是和后面的influence搭配,而是通过分析发现这是定语从句,和前面的先行词culture搭配需要什么介词。
12.A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与全球对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与……一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为……的报答;D. in honour of为纪念,为庆祝。故选A。
点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语,重点关注它们用法上的区别。
13.A
【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
点睛:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for为……预约。
14.B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all毕竟,终究。C. above all首先;D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。
点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。
15.D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:确定相对于我们周围环境的地理位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。A. in contrast to与……形成对照;B. in defense of为……辩护;C. in face of面对……;D. in relation to涉及,相对于。根据语境,故选D项。
16.A
【解析】考查介词。句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于……之间; be against 反对; be behind 在……后面; be below在……之下。根据句意,故选A。
【点睛】
对于介词辨析题目,首先可以从句意着手,看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键,其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查,学生在平时的学习中要勤积累,多记忆,多多积累,以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出,还有的是一些固定搭配,需要了如指掌。
17.B
【解析】考查习语辨析。句意:——你T恤上的东西是什么意思?——没什么。不过是即兴而为的东西。A. as clear as day一清二楚的;。B. off the top of one’s head不假思索地,即兴地;C. under one’s nose在某人眼皮底下,公然;D. beyond one’s wildest dreams大大超过所望的(地),大大出乎意料的(地)。根据空前It’s nothing.可知,此处指“不过是即兴而为的东西。”故选B。
18.C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:大部分人工作是因为不可避免,相比之下,有些人确实喜欢工作。A. As a result结果;B. In addition此外;C. By contrast相比之下;D. In conclusion总而言之。“不可避免”表示一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种对比,故选C。
【点睛】
本题关键词是不可避免(unavoidable)。本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查,四个选项意思都是相差很大的,该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的,另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。
19.B
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家?home to sth 固定搭配,表示……家园。该句是一个疑问句,其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes _______animals both on land and sea 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes_____ animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。故选B。
【点睛】
本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力。当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候,比如含有从句或疑问句时,要划分句子成分。对于疑问句,首先把它转化为陈述句,然后找出句子的主谓宾,把那一些修饰成分去掉,最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.
20.A
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。A. by到;B. for为了;C. with 和;D. in在……里。此处by为“截止到……日期”。本句为截止到9月30日。故选A。
【点睛】
by的用法
by表“时间”时,意为“在……之前,不迟于”,多与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。
Will you please finish the work by Friday 请你星期五之前完成这项工作,好吗?
The train had left by the time we got to the station. 我们到达车站时,火车已离开。
By the time the letter reaches you l will have left the country.到你收到这封信的时候,我已离开这个国家。
by可表示“方式、手段”,意为“借、靠”,后接动名词。
What do you mean by saying that 你那话是什么意思?
by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”。
The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹差一点点打中他。
by可表“单位”,意为“按;以……计;依据”,此时,by之后表单位的名词通常加the。
I am paid by the hour.我是按小时拿工资的。
考点:考查介词的用法