备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向08 除“谓”外做尽成分的非谓语动词学案(含答案)

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名称 备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向08 除“谓”外做尽成分的非谓语动词学案(含答案)
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考向08 非谓语动词
(
命题趋势
)
非谓语动词是高中英语比较难得语法点,也是每年高考必考的考点。在完形填空,语法填空,短文改错等题型中经常会发现非谓语动词的考点。
(
考点归纳
)
非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语。
(
考点一
非谓语动词做定语
)
【真题典例】
(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
【答案】 are changing
【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变他们的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。第一空,根据时间状语now可知,句子使用现在进行时,主语Cobb and others为复数,be动词应用are,与空后的questioning构成现在进行时;第二空,分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,change与逻辑主语idea之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式与pushing并列,作后置定语。故填are,changing。
(2022年全国甲卷-语法填空)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】 to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
(2022年全国甲卷-语法填空) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【答案】 held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,表被动。故填held。
(2022年全国乙卷-语法填空)It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
【答案】 shared
【解析】查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
【考点归纳】
现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式都可以作定语。
现在分词作定语,表示正在发生或主动 现在分词作定语时,它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语,并且通常可转换成一个定语从句;现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示该动 作被动和进行。
动名词作定语表示的是被修饰名词的作用、用途等,可以变成一个for短语
比较:
a moving truck 正在移动的汽车(moving为现在分词,与truck有主谓关系)
a moving truck 搬家汽车(moving为动名词,说明truck的用途)
a hunting dog 正在猎物的狗(hunting为现在分词,与dog有主谓关系)
a hunting dog 猎狗(hunting为动名词,说明dog的用途)
过去分词作定语,表示过去或被动 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。
不定式作定语表示将来
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式 是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
(2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语,常见的抽 象名词:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。
(3) the first,the second,the last,the next,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时,常用不定式作定语。
【易错警示】
注意其做定语时的语态 (
考点二
非谓语动词做宾语
)
【真题典例】
(2022年全国甲卷-语法填空)I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.
【答案】stay→staying.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词,后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故将stay改为staying。
【考点归纳】
非谓语动词的v.-ing(动名词)和to do(动词不定式)做宾语
只接v.-ing(动名词)形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forward to等。
只接to do(动词不定式)作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate, happen等。
接v.-ing(动名词)和to do(动词不定式)有显著区别的动词:
try to do 尽力做……;try doing 试着去 做……;
mean to do 打 算做……;mean doing 意味着……;
regret to do 遗憾 要 去做……;regret doing后悔做过……;
remember to do 记得去做……;remember doing记得做过……;
forget to do忘记做过……;forget doing 忘记做了……。
stop to do  停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stop doing  停止正在或经常做的事
go on to do  继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing  继续(原先没有做完的事情)
can't help (to) do sth.  不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.  情不自禁做某事
【易错警示】
动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面,但她到现在还没有露面。
(
考点三
非谓语动词做宾补辨析
)What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
【真题典例】
1.(2019·江苏卷) China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构,故选A。
2.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
【考点归纳】
现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式都可以作宾补。
现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官 动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.
It’s wrong to leave the computer working.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动 词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear, listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find, leave,keep等。
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
The old found his hometown much changed.
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
不定式作宾补
常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):ask(请,叫),tell(告诉),get(使,让),prefer(喜欢,宁愿),like(喜欢),force(强迫),press(迫使),require(要求),request(请求),advise(劝告),pray(请求),remind(提醒),beg(请求),invite(吸引,邀请),command(命令),order(命令),intend(想要,企图),drive(驱赶),train(训练),cause(引起),instruct(指示),direct(指导),warn(告诫),enable(使能够),need(需要),urge(激励,力说),inspire(鼓舞),encourage(鼓励),want(想要),lead(引起,使得),teach(教),wish(希望)。
常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略,也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.
【易错警示】
with复合结构/独立主格结构
with后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动)、过去分词(表被动)、不定式(表将来)。with复合结构在句中作原因或伴随状语,还可以作定语。
with + 名词 + to do (不定式动作尚未发生)
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time.
with + 名词 + doing(强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作,正在进行)
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。
With + 名词 + -ed 分词 (强调名词是 -ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
(
考点四
非谓语动词做状语
)
【真题典例】
1.(2022年全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在,曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分,沿着一带一路走下去。9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。结合句意,分析句子可知,谓语动词为flew,空处为非谓语作伴随状语。主语He与plan之间为主谓关系,所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填planning。.
2.(2022年全国乙卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】 To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
(2019·江苏卷) __________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
3,【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词,“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。
点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。
4.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句,_________ correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。
【考点归纳】
现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式都可以作状语。
现在分词和过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随和结果等,非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表 示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,其前常加only。
动词不定式做状语除了表示目的,还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable,difficult,easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。
【易错警示】
不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替 换,但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。
部分过去分词源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动,也不表完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的),faced with(面对着)。 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
(
考点五
非谓语动词做主语和表语
)
【真题典例】
1.(2016·上海)Do you find yourself getting impatient or _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things ... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better control your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
【答案】annoyed
【解析】考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的,该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词,通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
2.(2019全国III卷)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
【答案】opens改为 open
【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语,to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
3.【2016·四川】Mom was grateful and moving.
【答案】moving---moved
【解析】句意:妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving---moved。
【考点归纳】
做主语的非谓语动词是v.-ing的动名词和to do动词不定式;做表语的非谓语动词可以是v.-ing的动名词、现在分词、v-ed过去分词和to do动词不定式
非谓语动词的v.-ing(动名词)和to do(动词不定式)都可以做作主语,v.-ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向,to do表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ;两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式或v.-ing形式后置。
动名词作主语的句型:
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)
动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:
动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:
His coming made me happy.
I can't imagine his/him living there alone.
非谓语动词的v.-ing(现在分词)、v-ed(过去分词)和to do(动词不定式)都可以做作表语
v.-ing(现在分词)形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;
v-ed过去分词作表语,表示“感到,觉得”,现在分词作表语,表示“令人……”。此类词有:embarrass,excite,interest,delight,disappoint,encourage,inspire,please,puzzle,satisfy,surprise,worry,convince等。
不定式to do作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。
Her hobby is playing basketball.
Her job is to teach English.
His ambition is to go Harvard University.
He is interested in the film.
【易错警示】
常以复数形式出现的名词:thanks, congratulations, wishes, greetings, shoes, trousers, works(著作;工厂), mann
(
考点六
非谓语动词的特殊结构
)
【真题典例】
(2020·全国新课标I改错)My mom told me how to preparing it.
【答案】preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
【考点归纳】
“疑问词+不定式”结构 疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。
特殊结构:only to do,never to do,only doing
only to do意为“结果却”;
never to do意为“结果却再没有”;
only doing意为“只是做”。
【易错警示】
一致性 不定式和分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致,否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。
评注性分词 评注性分词有:judging from/by(按照……判断),considering(就……而言),generally speaking(总的来说),talking/speaking of(说起)。但是注意区别judge和consider作为及物动词时的用法。
st cities in the world,Shanghai is very popular now.
被动形式表主动意义的几个动词
be seated=sit,be located=lie,be dressed in=wear,be left=remain,be devoted to=devote oneself to。
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)
※基础练单项选择
1.It is thought that the epics we know today are the result of generations of story-tellers__________on the material until finally,__________, someone wrote it.
A.passing… somewhat B.passing … somehow
C.having passed… whatever D.passed … anyhow
2._________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Having founded
3.The spokeswoman said at the news conference that they were considering having the term the Russian group strongly objected to ________.
A.changing B.changed C.change D.being changed
4.Some people try to knock me down, only ________ me more determined to do better.
A.to make B.makes C.having made D.making
5.The old man looked up towards the moon and seemed, judging from his facial expression, ________ of his family.
A.to think B.thinking C.to have thought D.to be thinking
6.________a great applause by the audience is always a great encouragement to the speaker.
A.Given B.To be given C.Being given D.Giving
7.The doctor threw himself from the horse, as if ________.
A.to be shot B.shooting C.shot D.to be shooting
8.With the boy ________the way, we had no trouble ________the way ________to Zhongshan Park.
A.leading; finding; leading B.to lead; found; to lead
C.led; finding; led D.leading; found; led
9.—Jack, remember ________ off the lights when ________ your bedroom.
—OK. I won’t forget, Mom.
A.turning; leaving B.to turn; leave C.turning; left D.to turn; leaving
10.______ at my friends’ faces, I read the same sadness in their eyes.
A.Look B.Looking C.To look D.Looked
11.Football is fun enough ______ millions of people all over the world.
A.to be attracted B.to attract C.attracting D.to be attracting
12.The book________ by J.K. Rowling is very popular among teenagers.
A.is written B.writing C.written D.wrote
13.______ any biscuits that morning, we had nothing to eat.
A.Not baking B.Not having baked C.Not being baked D.Not having been baked
14.The newly-published dictionary will be of great help to foreigners ________ Chinese.
A.learn B.learnt C.learning D.having learnt
15.What surprised the king most was ________to meet the queen.
A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed
C.his being not allowed D.his allowing not
16.Diana used to _________ to work, but now she is used to _________ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A.drive; walking B.drive; walk C.driving; walk D.driving; walking
17.Such ________the case, she had to admit to have stolen the money.
A.be B.was C.being D.had been
18.I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble ______ your English at your new school.
A.improved B.improve C.to improve D.improving
19.With two children _________ a middle school in the nearby town now, the man is working hard.
A.to attend B.attending C.attended D.having attended
20.My father is always the last person ______ the office.
A.leave B.leaves C.to leave D.left
2
◎提升练用单词的适当形式完成句子
21It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales ________ (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan.
22.(2022年全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
23.You should give ________ evidence to make yourself ________.(convince)
24.(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
25.The little zebra made a jump for the riverbank with all its strength,escaping______(kill) by the crocodile.
26.With more forests______(destroy),huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
27.He spends every evening ________ (glue) to the TV.
28.In the coming weeks, fans of the online game can expect new videos, character, and much more exciting content ________ (reveal).
29.While ________ (wait) at the bus stop, I saw a strange man ________ (run) towards me.
30.When the thief found himself ________ (surround) by the crowds, he had to give in to the police.
¤真题练
1.(2021·天津·高考真题)Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills.
A.to have taught B.to teach C.teaching D.having taught
2.(2021·天津·高考真题)China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.
A.to extend B.extended C.extending D.being extended
3.(2020·天津·高考真题)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A.being clapped B.clap C.clapped D.clapping
4.(2020·天津·高考真题)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped
5.(2020·江苏·高考真题)Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A.combined with B.combining with C.having combined with D.to be combined with
6.(2020·天津·高考真题)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A.to be promoted B.being promoted C.promoting D.to promote
7.(2020·天津·高考真题)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A.Having completed B.Being completed
C.Completed D.Completing
8.(2019·江苏·高考真题)________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A.To enjoy B.Enjoying C.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy
9.(2019·江苏·高考真题)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A.recognizing B.being recognized C.to be recognized D.recognized
10.(2019·天津·高考真题)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally.
A.designed B.designing
C.to design D.being designed
11.(2019·天津·高考真题)________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
A.Learn B.Learned
C.Learning D.Having learned
12.(2019·天津·高考真题)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”.
A.being taken B.to take
C.to be taken D.taking
13.(2019·天津·高考真题) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
A.To study B.Studying
C.Having studied D.Studied
参考答案
※基础练
参考答案:
1.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和副词。句意:人们认为,我们今天所知道的史诗是几代讲故事的人将材料传递下去的结果,直到最后,不知怎么的,有人把它写了出来。分析句子结构可知,第一空pass作非谓语,作介词of的宾语,故用动名词形式作宾语。第二空考查副词词义辨析,A.somewhat有点,稍微;B. somehow不知为什么;C.whatever无论什么;D. anyhow无论如何。分析句意,此处表达“不知怎么的”,应该用somehow。故选B项。
2.C
【解析】考查非谓语。句意:哈佛大学建于1636年,是美国最著名的大学之一。A. being founded表示“正在被建立”;B. it was founded在此和后文是并列关系,应需连词and连接;C. founded 意为“建立”,表示被动关系;D.Having founded“已经建立”,表完成。分析句子结构,is为谓语动词,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,found和Harvard为被动关系,需填过去分词形式。故填C。
3.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位女发言人在新闻发布会上说,他们正在考虑改变俄罗斯代表团强烈反对的那个措辞。分析句子结构可知,“the Russian group strongly objected to” 为定语从句,修饰先行词term,将定语从句去掉后可以发现句子中存在“have sth done”的结构,其中term承受change的动作,因此change要使用过去分词的形式作宾语补足语。故选B。
4.A
【解析】考查“only+动词不定式”的用法。句意:有些人试图打倒我,结果却让我更有决心做得更好。“only+动词不定式”用作结果状语,表示意想不到的结果。故选A。
5.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:老人仰望着月亮,从他的面部表情来看,似乎在想着他的家人。此处为短语seem to do sth.,此处表示正在进行,应用to be doing形式。故选D。
6.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被观众给予热烈的掌声总是对演讲者的极大鼓励。分析句子结构,空处应用动名词形式作句子主语,结合语意,演讲者被观众给予热烈的掌声,空处应用动名词的被动式表示被动意义,即being given。故选C项。
7.C
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:医生从马背上跳了下来,好像中弹了。分析句子可知,the doctor和动词shoot之间是动宾关系,即“被打中”。后半句是as if he was shot。主句的主语和从句主语一致,且从句谓语动词是be动词,可省略从句的主语和谓语,故填shot,A项to be shot表示“将要被打中”,B项shooting表示主动关系,故选C项。
8.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意:由于有那个男孩带路,我们找到去中山公园的路没费周折。本题涉及with的复合结构,以及固定短语have trouble( in) doing sth。the boy 与lead之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词leading,第二空为固定短语:have trouble( in) doing sth,固定短语,“做什么事情有麻烦”。第三空为现在分词leading to Zhongshan Park作后置定语修饰the way。故选A项。
9.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:——杰克,离开卧室的时候记得把灯关掉。——好的。我不会忘的,妈妈。remember to do sth.记住要去做某事,表示要去做未做的事情;remember doing sth.记住做过的事情,表示记住过去做过的事情。第一空,表示妈妈让Jack去做未做的事情,用不定式作宾语;第二空,when后缺少主语,用非谓语动词作状语,“你”与leave之间是主动关系,用现在分词。故选D。
10.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:看着朋友们的脸,我从他们的眼神中读出了同样的悲伤。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语I与look之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故选B。
11.B
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:足球很有趣,吸引了全世界数百万人。be+形容词+to do sth,主动表达被动。故选B。
12.C
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:J.K.罗琳写的这本书在青少年中很受欢迎。本句已有系动词is且无连词,动词write用非谓语形式,逻辑主语The book与动词write是动宾关系,write用过去分词表被动,做名词The book的后置定语。故选C项。
13.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那天早上我们没有烤饼干,我们什么都没吃。分析句子结构可知,动词had在句中作谓语,空格处的动词bake作非谓语,与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词,排除C项和D项;根据句意可知,动词bake发生在谓语动词had之前,强调已经发生,所以用现在分词的完成式作状语,即having done结构。故选B项。
14.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这本新出版的词典将对学习汉语的外国人有很大帮助。空处作非谓语动词,learn与逻辑主语foreigners之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故选C项。
15.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:最使国王吃惊的是他不被允许会见王后。分析句子可知,此处是动名词作表语, allow与the king是逻辑动宾关系,应用动名词的被动语态being allowed,否定词not置于being allowed前,构成非谓语动词的否定式。故选B项。
16.A
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:戴安娜过去经常开车去上班,但现在她习惯于走路去上班,因为路上很拥挤,并且她想保持健康。分析句子可知,空格一处涉及固定短语“used to do sth.”,意为“过去经常做某事”,故空格一应填“drive”;空格二处涉及固定短语“be used to doing sth.”,意为“习惯于做某事”,“to”为介词,后接动名词作宾语,故空格二应填“walking”。故选A项。
17.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:事已至此,她不得不承认偷了钱。Such在句中用作代词,为了强调放在句首,正常结构为the case is such,句中没有连词,故空处使用非谓语动词,the case和is之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词,构成独立主格结构。故选C项。
18.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我很抱歉听说你在新学校提高英语有困难。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定结构,其中介词in可以省略,表示“做某事有困难”,所以空处应用动名词形式作介词in的宾语。故选D项。
19.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于两个孩子现在在附近的一所中学上学,这个男人正在努力工作。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,attend与two children是逻辑主谓关系,结合now可知,此处表示现在进行的动作,应用现在分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
20.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我父亲总是最后一个离开办公室的人。句中is是系动词,空处作非谓语动词,名词person前有the last修饰,空处应用不定式形式作后置定语。故选C项。
◎提升练
21.expected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:据估计,到今年年底,全国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万人,总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。分析句子结构,谓语动词为is estimated,with的复合结构作状语。其中with后宾语total sales缺少宾补,所以空处为非谓语作宾补,修饰total sales。total sales和expect为动宾关系,需要用过去分词作宾补。故填expected。
22.planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在,曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分,沿着一带一路走下去。9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。结合句意,分析句子可知,谓语动词为flew,空处为非谓语作伴随状语。主语He与plan之间为主谓关系,所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填planning。
23. convincing convinced
【解析】句意:你应该给出令人信服的证据来使别人相信你。第一个空修饰名词evidence,填形容词convincing,意为“令人信服的”,。第二个空考查make+宾语+宾语补足语结构,yourself和convince之间是被动关系,故该空用过去分词做宾语补足语。
24. are changing
【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变他们的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。第一空,根据时间状语now可知,句子使用现在进行时,主语Cobb and others为复数,be动词应用are,与空后的questioning构成现在进行时;第二空,分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,change与逻辑主语idea之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式与pushing并列,作后置定语。故填are,changing。
25.being killed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这只小斑马用尽全力跳向河岸,逃脱了鳄鱼的捕杀。escape后加动词的-ing形式作宾语,句中主语The little zebra和动词kill是被动关系,应用-ing形式的被动being killed。故填being killed。
26.destroyed
【解析】考查动词。句意:随着森林的破坏,每年都有大量的好土壤被冲走。forests和destroy是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补,故填destroyed.
27.glued
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他每天晚上都盯着电视看。be glued to盯住不放,此处省略be,用过去分词作状语,故填glued。
28.to be revealed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在接下来的几周里,网络游戏的粉丝们可以期待新的视频、角色和更令人兴奋的内容被展示出来。expect (sb/sth) to do sth是固定句式,动词reveal“展示”和前文宾语之间是被动关系,故用其不定式的被动式,作宾补。故填to be revealed。
29. waiting running
【解析】考查状语从句省略句和现在分词。句意:在公共汽车站等车的时候,我看见一个陌生人朝我跑来。此处是While引导的时间状语从句省略句,从句主语是I与从句谓语动词wait是主动关系,从句谓语用be doing形式,从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词,常省略从句的主语和be动词,表主动,第一空wait用现在分词形式;逻辑主语a strange man 与动词run是主谓关系,run用现在分词(doing)表主动,作宾补。故填①waiting ②running。
30.surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当小偷发现他已经被群众包围,不得不向警察屈服。found是when引导从句的谓语动词,且himself与surround构成动宾关系,故此处需要填写表示被动的过去分词作himself的宾语补足语,故答案为surrounded。
¤真题练
1.B
【解析】考查动词的固定结构。句意:玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师,因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.,意为“雇佣某人做某事”,根据句意,故选B。
2.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的国道318号,从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出5000多公里,因为它的令人赞叹的景观,被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知,is known as是整个句子的谓语动词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词,extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动,所以用extending。故选C。
3.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中,have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语,其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。故选D。
4.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。
5.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
6.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
7.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式,不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。
8.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的,故选A。
9.A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。
10.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程,专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故选A。
11.C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语,此处用动名词作主语,故选C。
12.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:图书馆墙上的牌子上写着:“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”be allowed to do“被允许做”。根据句意可知,此处应使用被动式。故C选项正确。
13.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意:在研究火山多年之后,我仍然对它们的美丽以及它们造成巨大破坏的潜力感到惊讶。study与主语是逻辑主谓关系,且强调“研究”发生在主句谓语动作之前,应使用现在分词的完成式。故C选项正确。