备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向11 想限制又不限制名词的定语从句(含解析)

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名称 备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向11 想限制又不限制名词的定语从句(含解析)
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考向11 定语从句
(
命题趋势
)
定语从句的用法较为复杂,是历年高考的重点,主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法,比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等,及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中,且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外,还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
(
考点归纳
)
根据高考对定语从句的考察点,复习中应该做好以下几点:
1.关系代词和关系副词的区分。如:that, which和where, when的区分;that, which和why的区分等。
2. whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时,whose+名词=名词+ of which = of which+名词。如:
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.
3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which,as引导的非限制性定语从句和it,what引
导的主语从句的区分。
4.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如:
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,
指物时用which,不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如:
The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
6.一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要
注意具体情况具体分析;作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词
where/when或“介词+which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
7.定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
(
考点一
关系代词引导的定语从句
)
【真题典例】
1(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案:that
解析:考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2 (2022全国甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案:who
解析:考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3(2022年浙江1月)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案:that/who
解析:考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
4(2021新课标II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
答案:that/which
解析:考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
5(2021浙江卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案:that/which
解析:考查定语从句关系代词。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tool是先行词,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which。
6.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.
答案:that
解析:考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
7.【2020·江苏卷】.Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
8.(2020新课标III卷)In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
答案:whose
解析:考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【考点归纳】
关系代词引导的定语从句
who,whom,whose引导的定语从句
1.who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
2.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用of which代替,指人时可用of whom代替。
that,which引导的定语从句
1.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,作宾语或表语时可省略。
2.which指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作宾语时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外,which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。
3.下列情况只用that不用which:
①先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;
②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;
④先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰;
⑤先行词中既有人也有物;
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法
(1)as既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等,引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配:the
same ...as ...;such ...as ...;so/as ...as ...
(2)the same ...as与the same ...that的区别:
【易错警示】
1.由as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句,可代表整个主句,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。不同之处主要有两点:① as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which 不可。② as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
2. whose 引导的定语从句易与并列句中的物主代词its,his,her,their 混淆。例如:
Mary has a pet dog, whose name is Pan pan.(定语从句)
Mary has a pet dog, and its name is Pan pan.(并列句)
(
考点二
关系副词引导的定语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2021天津卷)In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
答案:A
解析:考查定语从句。句意:春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节,许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
2.(2020新课标I卷)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
答案:where
解析:考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须
把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
2.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。
【考点归纳】
常用的关系副词:when,why,where(在从句中只作状语)
在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
3.why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为:The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that...。
4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which。
【易错警示】
很多考生做题时不分析关系词在定语从句中所担任的成分,常误以为表示地点的名词就要用关系副词where,表示时间的名詞就用关系副词when,结果导致误选、错选。笔者认为可根据以下两个方法来判断选用关系代词还是关系副词:①根据从句中的谓语动词来判断。如从句的谓语动词是及物动词,其后又没宾语,就一定要用关系代词;如从句的谓语动词是不及物动词,就要用关系副词。②根据关系词在从句中担任的成分来判断。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
(
考点三
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句辨析
)
【真题典例】
1.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词,在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
【考点归纳】
"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句常见的几种结构:
(1)介词+关系代词
(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
(4)介词+关系代词+名词
"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词
与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
2. 表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用of。在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
3.有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
【易错警示】
of whom, of which与whose的用法解析。
1. whose的用法
①whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。
②whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。
③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。
在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose+名词=the+名词
of+which”;而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。
2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句。
①定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用
whose。
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)在“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选择是关键,也是考生深感困难之处。介词的选择可依据以下原则:①根据定语从句中的动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。②根据介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。③根据定语从句的句子意思来确定。④表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。有时会在of 前加上名词、代词、数词,构成“名词、代词、数词+of+ 关系代词(which/whom)”結构。
※基础练单项选择
1.The reason________he didn’t show up at the party is________he was ill.
A.why; that B.that; because C.why; because D.which; for
2.A good government is not to pick technologies, but to establish conditions ________ innovation is supported and encouraged into the marketplace.
A.when B.that C.whose D.where
3.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this opportunity.
A.who B.whose C.whom D.which
4.Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, ______ is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
A.which B.that C.who D.what
5.Have you seen the sunflowers________ are bought as presents for your Mother’s Day.
A.who B.which C.whose D./
6.We will put off the hiking until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
7.I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.who B.whose C.whom D.which
8.—Have you found the information about famous scientists________ you can use for the report
—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A.which B.who C.what D.where
9.The reason ________ he was late was that his car broke down on the way.
A.that B.which C.how D.why
10.That was the office _________ they could look out to the sea.
A.from which B.from where C.that D.which
11.A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precision B.that … diversity
C./ … precision D./ … diversity
12.The use of genetic engineering should be restricted to just those cases _____ the health of the mother or her baby is threatened.
A.in which B.how C.of whom D.why
13.________ you know, Lily is an excellent student in our class.
A.Which B.As C.That D.Who
14.Tom, __________ bicycle I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.
A.with whom B.whose C.whom D.on whose
15.Thanksgiving Day __________ an entirely different look in China, __________ malls and e-businesses are competing in sale promotions as the holiday approaches.
A.takes on; which B.takes up; where C.take on; where D.takes up; which
16.Internet is an important part of society now, ______ has even influenced our language.
A.as B.that C.which D.where
17.The women’s soccer team has lifted the AFC Women’s Asian Cup for the ninth time in 16 years, ________ is on account of its relentless fighting spirit.
A.which B.when C.as D.that
18.Vancouver is very international. You can find neighborhoods ________ Greeks, East Indians, Italians, and Chinese celebrate their cultures.
A.where B.which C.whose D.for whose
19.We can think of many situations ______ people knew a lot of English words and expressions but could hardly communicate with native speakers.
A.when B.why C.where D.which
20.The old photo brings to my mind the happy high school days ________ we spent together.
A.which B.who C.when D.what
◎提升练用或选择合适的单词完成句子
21.Ms. Ji is an experienced teacher, ________ teaching methods are always making a positive impact on us young teachers.
22.The students benefitting most from college are those __________ are totally __________(engage) in academic life.
23.There was a time _______ I was getting along well with my classmates.
24.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer used dropped by7.7 million tons.
25.________ is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016.
26.They have transformed themselves into places __________ you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
27.The first place _____(which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall.
28.The prize was awarded to those ___(that/who) have made great contributions to scientific development.
29.The way in _____(that/which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
30.Which is the clock _____(which/that) was made in France in the 18th century
31.The reason ________I love western music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.
32.But like anyone for ________ you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.
33.The stores in the Chinatown offer a wide range of tea, ________visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.
34.Judy and I had our car ________ (park) in an underground carpark near Trafalgar Square, ________ we could get our car battery charged.
35.The film brought the hours back to me ___________I was taken good care of in that small village.
¤真题练
1.(2019·江苏·高考真题)We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A.which B.what C.when D.that
2.(2019·天津·高考真题)Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A.why B.where
C.which D.what
3.(2019·天津·高考真题)The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, up to half will be from abroad.
A.who B.of which
C.when D.of whom
4.(2017·全国·高考真题)The shipping group, _______profits dived last year by nearly a third, has told shareholders to expect an even lower result for this year.
A.whose B.where C.which D.that
5.(2018·天津·高考真题)There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in.
A.why B.which C.whom D.where
6.(2011·江西·高考真题)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _______ had taken more than three years.
A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which
7.(2007·湖南·高考真题)By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A.who B.which
C.what D.that
8.(2009·陕西·高考真题)Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which
9.(2017·天津·高考真题)I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go.
A.that B.where C.which D.why
10.(2011·天津·高考真题)The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A.when B.that C.where D.which
11.(2013·湖南·高考真题)Happiness and success often come to those_______are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A.whom B.what C.which D.who
12.(2012·安徽·高考真题)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ______ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A.whether B.where C.that D.why
13.(2016·天津·高考真题)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
14.(2015·北京·高考真题)Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
15.(2014·山东·高考真题)A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A.which B.whose C.who D.why
16.(2007·四川·高考真题)It is reported that two schools,  1  are being built in my hometown,will open next year.
A.they both
B.which both
C.both of them
D.both of which
17.(2014·江苏·高考真题)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A.which B.when C.as D.where
18.(2014·天津·高考真题)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A.all of which B.each of which C.all of them D.each of them
19.(2018·江苏·高考真题)Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
20.(2018·北京·高考真题)She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A.which B.Who C.As
参考答案
※基础练
1.A
【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意:他没有出现在聚会上的原因是他病了。the reason why ...is/was that...……的原因是……。第一空为定语从句,句中先行词为reason,在定语从句中作原因状语,所以用关系副词why引导;第二空为表语从句,从句不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用连接代词that。故选A。
2.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一个好的政府不是挑选技术,而是建立支持和鼓励创新进入市场的条件。句中先行词为conditions,是抽象地点名词,且定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故选D。
3.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我想要感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。分析句子可知,本句为定语从句,先行词Professor Smith,在后面定语从句中作help的定语,所以关系代词为whose。故选B项。
4.A
【解析】考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:受海豚的启发,人们已经学会了如何在水下发送信号,这目前被用于海啸预警系统。分析句子结构及句意可知,空处应填非限制性定语引导词,先行词是空前主句的内容,且从句缺少主语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故选A。
5.B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:你看到了作为你的母亲节礼物买来的向日葵吗?此题考查限制性定语从句,the sunflowers为先行词,先行词在从句中作主语,为物,设空处可用关系代词which或者that,且不能省略。故选B项。
6.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们将把徒步旅行推迟到下周,届时天气可能会好一些。该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词next week,在定语从句中做时间状语,应用关系副词when。故选B。
7.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
8.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你找到为你报告所用的关于有名科学家的信息了吗 ——还没有。我会网上再搜索一些的。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是information,指物,在定语从句中做use 的宾语,用关系代词which/that。故选择A。
9.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他迟到的原因是他的小车在来的路上抛锚了。分析可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词reason在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why引导。故选D。
10.A
【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意:那就是他们可以眺望大海的办公室。分析句子结构可知“they could look out to the sea”是做定语修饰office,所以它是定语从句,分析从句结构可知,句子成分完整,所以应用关系副词where引导从句,而where = from which。故选A项。
11.A
【解析】考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
12.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:母亲或婴儿健康受到威胁的情况下,基因工程的使用应该被限制。分析句子结构可知,此处是考查定语从句,先行词是cases,在这些情况下是in those cases。故介词为in,关系代词为which。故选A项。
13.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:如你所知,莉莉是我们班的优秀学生,固定结构:as you know“正如你知道的那样”,分析可知,逗号前为非限制性定语从句,as指代主句整个内容,结合选项,故选B。
14.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我骑汤姆的自行车去听音乐会,他是我的一个朋友。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Tom,先行词在从句中作定语,应用关系代词whose引导且根据短语on bicycle可知应用介词on。故选D。
15.C
【解析】考查动词短语和非限制性定语从句。句意:感恩节在中国呈现出完全不同的面貌,随着假期的临近,购物中心和电子商务在促销方面展开竞争。分析句子结构,Thanksgiving Day作主语,第一空应用动词作谓语,take on为固定搭配,意为“呈现”符合句意,take up为固定搭配,意为“占据”,排除B项和D项。第二空引导非限制性定语从句,且先行词China在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,排除A项。故选C项。
16.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:互联网是当今社会的重要组成部分,它甚至影响了我们的语言。A. as正如;B. that那;C. which哪一个;D. where哪里。分析句子结构,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Internet,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导从句。故选C项。
17.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:女子足球队16年来第9次举起亚洲杯冠军奖杯,这是因为她们坚持不懈的斗志。分析可知,空白处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句。空白处指逗号前面整个句子,在从句中作主语,所以要用关系代词which。故选A。
18.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:温哥华非常国际化。你可以找到希腊人,东印度人,意大利人和中国人庆祝其文化的社区。A. where在哪里;B. which哪一个;C. whose谁的;D. for whose给谁的。根据句意及句子结构可知,此句是限定性定语从句,先行词是neighborhoods,引导词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选A。
19.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们可以想到很多情况,人们知道很多英语单词和表达,但很难与以英语为母语的人交流。分析句子结构可知,此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是many situations,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选C项。
20.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这张老照片让我想起了我们一起度过的快乐的高中时光。分析句子可知,空白及其之后的内容为限定性定语从句,先行词为days,在从句中作动词spent的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which/that引导,或省略关系代词。故选A。
◎提升练
21.whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:季老师是一位经验丰富的教师,她的教学方法总是对我们青年教师产生积极的影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Ms. Ji,且定语从句中缺少teaching methods前的定语,应用关系词whose引导定语从句,故填whose。
22. who engaged
【解析】考查定语从句及固定短语。句意:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全从事学术生活的人。第一空是限定性定语从句,先行词是指示代词those,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导;第二空是固定短语be engaged in“参与;从事于;忙于”。故填①who;②engaged。
23.when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:曾经有一段时间我和同学相处得很好。句子使用固定句型There was a time when...,意为“曾经一度……,曾经有一段时间……”,其中when引导定语从句,修饰先行词a time,且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
24.that##which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国农业部发现,2005年至2011年间,中国的化肥使用量下降了770万吨,当时政府启动了一个土壤测试项目,向农民提供具体的化肥建议。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,“ a soil-testing program”是先行词,指物,且定语从句中缺主语,需用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
25.As
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意:如图所示,2012年至2015年,中国电影的票房收入不断增长,但由于种种原因,2016年的增长放缓。分析句子可知需要用as引导非限制性定语从句,指代后文的主句,且在从句中作主语,意为“正如,正像”,放在句首,首字母大写。故填As。
26.where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们已经把自己变成了一个可以培养你对知识的热爱,遇见有趣的人,或者找到如何创业的地方。分析句子结构及句意可知此处应填定语从句的引导词,修饰先行词places,先行词在句中作在地点状语,应填关系副词where。故填where。
27.that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们在中国参观的第一个地方是长城。分析句子结构,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词place,先行词指物,且前边有序数词the first修饰,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用that引导从句。故填that。
28.who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:该奖颁发给那些为科学发展做出巨大贡献的人。分析句子结构,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those,先行词表示“那些人”,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导从句。故填who。
29.which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他向我们解释这个句子的方式并不难理解。分析句子结构可知,he explained the sentence to us是定语从句,先行词为The way,在从句中作状语,又因为设空处前为介词in,所以设空处为which。故填which。
30.that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:哪一座钟是18世纪法国制造的?先行词为the clock,是物,作定语从句的主语,且先行词前面有Which,为了避免重复所以此处只能用that引导从句。故填that。
31.why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我之所以喜欢西方音乐,是因为贝多芬的《命运交响曲》这首曲子在我遇到困难的时候给了我很多激励,让我继续前进。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词reason,设空处在句中作原因状语,故用why引导。故填why。
32.whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:但就像任何你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你发疯。 结合句意分析句子可知,此处“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句,先行词是anyone,空格处应该填入一个关系代词,代替anyone在从句中做介词for的宾语用whom。故填whom。
33.where##so##and
【解析】考查定语从句和并列连词。句意:唐人街的商店提供各种各样的茶叶,(因此)游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种中国茶。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词stores并在从句中作地点状语,应该用关系副词where引导该从句;也可用并列连词连接两个句子,根据句意,前后是因果或顺承关系,可用so或and,故答案为where/so/and。
34. parked where
【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场,在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。分析句子结构,第一空应该使用非谓语动词。have sth done为固定句型意为“使某物被做”,our car和park之间是被动关系,故应该使用过去分词作宾补。故第一空填parked;分析句子结构,第二空引导的是非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词 Trafalgar Square,引导词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。故答案为parked和where。
35.when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这部电影使我回想起我在那个小村庄受到良好照顾的时光。根据句子结构可知,设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词the hours,引导词在从句中作时间状语,故填when。
¤真题练
1.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age(一个时代),且先行词在从句中作时间状语,所以关系词用when。故选C。
2.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句,先行词是the stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,故选B。
3.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意:该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生,其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students,是人,排除B/C;代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 20 students will be from abroad.故D选项正确。
4.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:去年该航运集团的利润锐减近三分之一,该集团已向股东表示,预计今年的业绩将更低。分析句子结构,_______profits dived last year by nearly a third是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The shipping group,关系词在从句中作定语,用whose引导该从句。故选A。
5.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:接待处前排起了常常的队伍,每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知,the reception desk为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where。故选D项。
【点睛】
定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
分析句子的可知,the reception desk为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where。故选D项。
6.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她领着游客们参观了博物馆,这座博物馆的建设花了三年多的时间。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词museum,且此处construction与museum为所属关系,故应用介词of,作介词的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which。故选C。
7.B
【解析】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤:1. 确定从句:从空格到句末。2. 确定关系词:先行词是前面整个句子,用which引导。句意:通过服务他人,一个人关注的是别人而不是自己,这是非常开阔眼界和有益的。故选B。
8.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:枪支管制是美国人争论已久的话题。先行词为Gun control,指物,关系词在从句中做介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。故选C项。
【点睛】
分析定语从句关键抓住两点:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词,如本题中先行词为名词Gun control,再分析先行词Gun control在定语从句中所作的成分,将先行词Gun control带到从句中可知,只能与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。故选C项。
9.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在我的职业生涯中,我已经到了我需要决定走哪条路的地步。 分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是a point,表示抽象地点,在从句中作地点状语。故选B。
【点睛】
10.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:靠体力谋生的日子一去不复返了。分析句子可知,空处缺少关系词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the days,先行词作从句的时间状语,用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选A项。
11.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:幸福和成功往往属于那些善于发现自己长处的人。此处是定语从句,who指代先行词those(那些人),在从句中做主语,whom不能做主语,which指物,what不能引导定语从句。故选D。
12.A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:一般来说,一个人的智力极限在出生时是固定的,但他是否达到这些极限将取决于他所处的环境。A. whether是否;B. where引导名词性从句时,做地点状语;C. that引导名词性从句时,只起连接作用、无实意;D. why引导名词性从句时,做原因状语。通过分析可知,此处是主语从句,且引导词在从句中不作任何成分,但有实际意义,表示“是否”,应该用whether。故选A。
13.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句,先行词是next week,定语从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少时间状语。故选D。
【点睛】
定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as, who在句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语;where, why, when在句中做地点,原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分,看缺少什么成分,就选用相应的关系词。
14.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那儿你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句,先行词是St. Paul’s Church,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语,用where。故选D。
15.B
【解析】试题分析:这是一个定语从句,a company 是先行词,profit和 a company是所属关系,所以要用关系代词whose。句意为:在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。
考点:考查定语从句的用法。
16.D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:据报道,在我的家乡正在修建的两所学校将于明年开学。both of which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代先行词schools,作of的宾语。they both和both of them都不能引导定语从句,所以是错误的。which both中的which不能修饰both,所以也是错误的。故选D。
17.D
【解析】考查定语从句用法。句意:这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助,尤其在工作中,良好的印象是必须的。句中的先行词为work,在从句a good impression is must中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。故D正确。
18.B
【解析】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤:1. 确定从句:从空格到句末是定语从句。排除CD项,这两项并不是定语从句。2. 确定成分:从句_________ uses it differently.缺少主语,根据前一句可知,先行词是several diverse cultures,在定语从句里使用which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。3. 确定选项:A项在定语从句中作主语的时候,谓语动词要使用复数形式,定语从句中的uses说明A项是错误的。B项中的each作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。句意:英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言,每一种文化使用英语的方法都是不一样的。故选B。
19.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。
点睛:本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需抓住两点:1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
20.A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。