备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向12 主宾表同是一家的名词性从句学案(含答案)

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名称 备战2023年高考英语考点微专题(全国通用)考向12 主宾表同是一家的名词性从句学案(含答案)
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考向12 名词性从句
(
命题趋势
)
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。 其主要考察:1.了解名词性从句的基本用法,掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用,辨析that与what,if 与whether等引导词的用法。2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法,及其与强调句的区别。3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。
(
考点归纳
)
高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点,复习主要应该从以下六个方面着手:
名词性从句的语序问题
2.引导词that与what的区别(that在从句中不充当成分,what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)
3. it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法
4. whether与if的区别
5.名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
(
考点一
主语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2021新课标I卷)_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案:what
解析:考查主语从句。句意为:这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What.
2.(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
【考点归纳】
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有:
(1)引导词: 从属连词 that, whether;
连接代词 who, what, which;
whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词 when, where, how和why。
(2)语序:陈述句语序
(3)在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用if
That he will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
注意: 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子保持平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it 作形式主语,从 而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It is+形容词+that...
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,common knowledge,a surprise,
a fact,etc.)+that...
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn’t matter that...|It makes no difference that...
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
【易错警示】
1. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗?
2. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
(
考点二
宾语从句
)
【真题典例】
1(2022新高考II卷)“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
答案:how
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
2(2022年浙江1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.
答案:if/whether
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
3.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived.
答案:where
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;……的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4.(2021年天津卷)It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
答案:C
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,且从句中的be缺少表语,所填词应该起双重作用。故选C
5(2020年浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案:what
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
6.(2020年北京卷)Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it's possible.
答案:if/whether
解析:考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
7.(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
【考点归纳】
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有:
连接词:that,whether,if等
连接代词:what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等
连接副词:when,where,why,how等
1. 连接词that,whether,if引导
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
2. 连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等引导
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。
3. 连接副词when,where,why,how等引导
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗
4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
5. 宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
【易错警示】
注意:学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。
(1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略,但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有
第一个that可以省略。
Glancing at her scornfully,he told her(that) the dress was sold.
他轻蔑地看了她一眼,告诉她说那件衣服卖了。
The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
老师说课文非常重要,我们应该背下来。
(2)表示"心理活动"的形容词:afraid,anxious,aware,ashamed,annoyed,certain,confident,content,
convinced,determined,disappointed,glad,happy,proud,pleased,sure,surprised,satisfied,thankful,
worried等可以后接宾语从句。
He was afraid that he would lose.他担心会输。
I am sure that I put the money in the box.我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。
(3)若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从
句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式,这种现象称为"否定转移"
现象(此时主语往往为第一人称,偶尔为第三人称;否定词never,seldom,hardly,little无此用法)。
I don’t think his decision is wise in reality.实际上,我觉得他的决定并不明智。
I don’t believe that he is a dishonest man.我认为他是个诚实的人。
(4)在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及I’m afraid之后,可以采用so代替一个肯 定的宾语从句,也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。
—Do you believe the news stories?"你相信这个新闻故事吗?"
—I believe so."我相信。"
—Has Anne got into university?"安妮上大学了吗?"
—I am afraid not."恐怕是没有。"
(
考点三
表语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,that只起引导作用,故选B。
【考点归纳】
表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
一、引导表语从句的关联词的种类:
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
At that time,it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.
当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2. 从属连词whether,as,as if / though引导的表语从句。
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
3. because,why引导的表语从句。
That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(That's because...强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why...强调结果)
4. 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why
The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
5. 从属连词that
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
【易错警示】
学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。
(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。
①句子的主语为the reason时,表语从句采用that引导,表示原因,此时不用because。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
②句子的主语为the result时,表语从句采用that引导。
The result is that many of them become fat. 结果是他们中许多人发胖了。
③由why引导的从句作主语时。
Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
(2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be等后面;表语从句既可以采用虚拟语
气,也可采用直陈语气。
①It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
②She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。
(
考点四
同位语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2019·新课标I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
2.(2019·江苏省高考真题)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,意思完整,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
【考点归纳】
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。
1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则
that 只起连词作用,无任何含义,一般不省略
whether 是否
when 什么时候
where 什么地点
how 什么方式
The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况
(1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
(2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
【易错警示】
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
功能不同 对名词加以补充说明 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,起连接作用
that 不作成分;起连接作用,不可省略 作主语或宾语,起连接作用;并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/how 不作成分;起连接作用“是否”;“如何” 不引导定语从句
wh words 作成分;起连接作用;有自己的含义,但与先行词之间无关 作成分;起连接作用;没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不可省略)
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,可省略)
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)
※基础练单项选择
1.___________ our manager suddenly fell at this key moment made all of us very worried if we could finish the task satisfactorily.
A.What B.That C.Why D.Whether
2.________was beyond their expectation was that they finally reached a place________sold drinks and other small articles.
A.It; which B.It; where C.What; which D.What; where
3.They had a traffic jam on their way to school and ______ made matters worse was ______ it began to rain.
A.what, / B.it, / C.what, that D.it, that
4.He often asked me the question ______ we would start our project.
A.that B.when C.which D.what
5.The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money to conduct the research.
A.what B.which C.that D.whether
6.It was at the very beginning ________ Mr. Smith made the decision ________ we should send a medical team there to help with the rescue.
A.when; which B.that; that C.where; what D.then; so
7.The problem was ________ they could find something in common between them.
A.whether B.if C.that D.what
8.The reason why she was fired was _________ the boss was not satisfied with her job.
A.that B.what C.which D.whether
9.Intelligence, perseverance and confidence are ________ make a good scientist.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
10.While I thought I was careful enough, my wife was always complaining that I was driving at ________she thought was a dangerous speed.
A.which B.what C.it D.one
11.My family think they know a lot about me but I turn out to be a little different from________ they think.
A.what B.that C.which D.how
12.The great woman has achieved _______ she wanted to do in the past few decades.
A.that B.what C.how D.whom
13.The worsening living conditions on the Carteret Islands finally resulted in________we called the relocation of all the islanders, from________arose the problem of losing their traditions and celebrations.
A.which; what B.which; which C.what; that D.what; which
14.The reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A.why B.what C.whether D.that
15.My topic today is most scientists are researching.
A.that B.where C.when D.what
16.--- News came ________ the film directed by Peter won an award.
--- When was that
--- It was 2018 ________ he was still in college.
A.when; that B.that; that
C.that; which D.that; when
17.My cellphone, ________ I couldn’t contact my parents, was taken away by my teacher for the reason ________ I had used it in my English class.
A.which, why B.with which, that C.without which, why D.without which, that
18.______ the little boy came to Zhuhai alone yesterday remains a mystery.
A.How B.When C.That D.If
19. It is suggested at the end of the passage the things we buy often affect many people’s lives around the world.
A.that, what B.which, / C.that, / D.what, that
20.It’s true ______ inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
A.how B.why C.that D.what
◎提升练用合适的单词完成句子
21.________ delighted me most was that my son was admitted to Beijing University.
22.—Was it ________ he said or something that he did ________ made you cry so sadly, Sarah —No, not really.
23.It is ________ he often breaks the school rules ________ makes his head teacher unsatisfied with him.
24.The doctor believed ________ he needed was a good laugh.
25.A wonderful idea suddenly occurred to me ________ I would turn to the reference.
26.The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
27.There is no doubt ________ he likes hunting.
28.This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
29.Actually, girls can be ________ they want to be just like boys, _________ it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a manager .
30.Commitment is ________ it takes to achieve your dreams.
31.Sorry, he can’t go with you. The reason is ________ he has something to do tomorrow.
32.—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
33.I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) ... I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.
34.It is unwise to give the children ____________ they want.
35.No one saw Buck go off on________ Buck thought was a walk but it was actually a theft.
¤真题练
1.(2018·天津·高考真题)He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected.
A.why B.how C.that D.what
2.(2018·江苏·高考真题)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A.where B.when
C.why D.how
3.(2018·北京·高考真题)Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A.how B.when
C.where D.why
4.(2018·北京·高考真题)This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A.how B.which
C.that D.what
5.(2017·江苏·高考真题)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A.that B.which
C.what D.how
6.(2018·天津·高考真题)The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A.whomever B.wherever
C.whoever D.whatever
7.(2017·天津·高考真题)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A.when B.where
C.whether D.what
8.(2017·北京·高考真题)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A.whatever B.whoever
C.whomever D.whichever
9.(2013·上海·高考真题)Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they are
wearing.
A.that B.what C.how D.which
10.(2013·上海·高考真题)I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me
A.what B.why C.if D.which
11.(2014·北京·高考真题)The best moment for the football star was _____________ he scored the winning goal.
A.where B.when
C.how D.why
12.(2013·重庆·高考真题) ______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A.That B.It C.What D.Which
13.(2013·湖南·高考真题)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.
A.how B.that
C.which D.where
14.(2013·四川·高考真题)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A.When B.How
C.What D.That
15.(2013·山东·高考真题)It's good to know________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A.what B.whose
C.which D.that
16.(2011·北京·高考真题)The shocking news made us realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A.why B.how C.what D.that
17.(2012·重庆·高考真题)Evidence has been found through years of study________ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.
A.why B.how C.whether D.that
18.(2012·江西·高考真题)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.
A.whether B.where
C.which D.that
19.(2016·天津·高考真题)The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A.whether B.that
C.which D.what
20.(2010·全国·高考真题)—Have you finished the book
—No,I’ve read up to____ the children discover the secret cave.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
参考答案
※基础练
1.B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们的经理在这个关键时刻突然倒下,这使我们大家都非常担心我们能否圆满完成任务。此处是主语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选B。
2.C
【解析】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意:出乎意料的是,他们终于来到了一个卖饮料和其他小商品的地方。______was beyond their expectation是缺乏连接词的主语从句,从句缺乏主语,意为“什么”,故用连接代词What;a place______sold drinks and other small articles是缺乏关系词的定语从句,先行词是a place,指物,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which。故选C项。
3.C
【解析】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意:他们在去学校的路上遇到了交通堵塞,更糟糕的是天开始下雨了。分析句子结构可知,and前后连接两个句子,在and后面句子中,第一空引导主语从句,在从句中做主语,表示“……的事”,应用what来引导;第二空引导表语从句,且从句中不缺少成分句意完整,用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导,且不能省略,故选C。
4.B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:他经常问我一个问题,我们什么时候会开始我们的项目。 分析句子可知,空格处引导同位语从句,解释说明the question,根据句意,应用when“什么时候”引导同位语从句,故填when。
5.D
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:是否我们有足够的的钱来实施这项研究,这个问题在会议上提了出来。空处引导同位语从句解释question。根据句意,对于“我们是否有足够的钱”表示不确定。whether为从句的引导词,意为“是否”,符合句意。故选D。
6.B
【解析】考查强调句型和同位语从句。句意:史密斯先生是在一开始就决定我们应该派一支医疗队去那里帮助救援。分析句子可知,第一空和句首的“It was”构成强调句型,被强调部分是时间状语at the very beginning,故第一空用that;第二空引导同位语从句,解释说明名词decision的内容,从句结构、意义完整,应用that引导。故选B项。
7.A
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:问题是他们是否能找到他们之间的共同点。分析句子可知,设空处是表语从句的连接词,且缺句意“是否”,故用whether,if不引导表语从句。that连接句意完整的表语从句,what在表语从句中充当宾语,意为“什么”。故选A。
8.A
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:她被解雇的原因是老板对她的工作不满意。引导表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that。故选A。
9.B
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:智慧、毅力和信心是造就一个好科学家的要素。分析句子可知,句子为表语从句,空格处单词引导从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,没有选择范围,故应用“what”引导从句。故选B项。
10.B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:当我认为我已经足够小心的时候,我的妻子总是抱怨我以她认为是危险的速度开车。引导宾语从句,she thought为插入成分,从句中缺少主语,指事物,应用what。故选B。
11.A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我的家人以为他们非常了解我,不过我其实和他们认为的有点不一样。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,且指代事物,应用连接代词what引导。故选A项。
12.B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:这位伟大的女性在过去几十年里实现了她想要做的事情。分析句子可知,主语为the great woman,谓语为has achieved,空处引导宾语从句,从句缺宾语,表示她想要做的事情,用what引导。故选B项。
13.D
【解析】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意:卡特雷特群岛不断恶化的生活条件最终导致了我们称之为所有岛民的搬迁,从而导致他们失去其传统和庆祝活动的问题。第一空,介词in后接宾语从句,call 后接双宾语,故从句缺少宾语,what引导宾语从句,从句中作宾语,表示“……的东西”;第二空,from____引导非限制性定语从句,指代上文____ we called the relocation of all the islanders,且从句中作介词宾语,故用关系代词which,故选D。
14.D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:她喜欢城市生活的原因是她可以很容易地到达商店和餐馆等地方。根据句子结构可知,设空处引导的从句为表语从句,且从句不缺成分,句意完整,应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that来引导。故选D。
15.D
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:我今天的主题是大多数科学家正在研究的。A. that引导表语从句时不作成分,起连接作用;B. where哪里;C. when何时;D. what什么,所……的。分析句子可知,空处引导表语从句,引导词在从句中作researching的宾语,表示“大多数科学家正在研究的事情”,应用what引导。故选D项。
16.D
【解析】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意:——消息传来,由彼得执导的电影获得了一个奖。——什么时候?——那是2018年的时候,那年他还在上大学。分析句子可知,空处1考查同位语从句连接词,由从句不缺任何成分且表达肯定意义,应用that来引导同位语从句。而空处2考查引导定语从句的关系词,关系词指代先行词2018,指物且与时间相关,在从句中作时间状语,故此处应用when引导定语从句,在从句中作时间状语。故选D项。
17.D
【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意:我的手机,没有它我无法联系我的父母,被我的老师拿走了,原因是我在我的英语课上使用它。第一个空考查定语从句,先行词为My cellphone,根据句意“没有它,我不能联系我的父母”,用without which引导非限定性定语从句;第二个空考查同位语从句,解释说明名词the reason,从句不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用that引导。故选D。
18.A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这个小男孩昨天是如何独自来珠海的仍然是个谜。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,从句成分完整,表示“如何”应用连接副词how。故选A项。
19.C
【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意:文章最后指出,我们买的东西经常影响世界各地许多人的生活。第一空It is suggested that…为主语从句,it为为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。第二空为定语从句,句中先行词为the things,在定语从句中作动词buy的宾语,所以用关系代词which或that引导,也可以省略关系代词。故选C。
20.C
【解析】考查固定句型和that引导的主语从句。句意:内在美确实很重要,但是外在美也不应该被完全忽视。A. how怎样;到何种地步;以任何方式;B. why为什么;C. that多么;如此…以至;用于某些动词、形容词和名词后,引出各种从句;D. what 什么。分析句子结构可知空处应填主语从句引导词,从句结构完整,结合句意应填that,It is true that...“……确实;诚然”,为固定句型,其中it为形式主语,that从句为真正的的主语。故选C项。。
◎提升练
21.What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:最让我高兴的是我儿子考上了北京大学。分析句子结构,此句为主语从句,从句delighted me most缺主语,指物用连接代词what引导。故填What。
22.what; that
【解析】考查主语从句和强调句。句意:——是他说了什么还是他做了什么让你哭得这么伤心,萨拉?——不,没有。根据句子结构,第一空填写的是主语从句的引导词,在从句中作said的宾语。指代的是物,故填what。第二空中与句中的it was构成强调句结构,对主语从句“what he said or something that he did”进行强调。强调句结构为:it was+强调的部分+that...,that符合句意。故第一空填what,第二空填that。
23.that; that
【解析】考查主语从句和强调句。句意:正是因为他经常违反校规,他的班主任才对他不满意。根据句子结构,第一个空引导的是主语从句。主语从句中不缺少任何成分,无需词义,故用that引导。第二空符合的是强调句的句型:it is+强调的部分+that...,意为“就是...”。根据句意,该强调句是对主语从句“____he often breaks the school rules”进行强调,故用that。故第一空填that,第二空也填写that。
24.what
【解析】考查连词。句意:医生认为他需要的是开怀一笑。believe后接宾语从句,在宾语从句中“_____ he needed”作主语,was为系动词,a good laugh为表语,因此宾语从句为主系表结构,不缺成分不缺意思,故believe后为省略了引导词that的宾语从句。再者,宾语从句中的主语“_____ he needed”中含主语+谓语动词,故推知,此处为主语从句,分析结构可知此从句缺及物动词need 后的宾语,意为“所……”,故填what。
25.that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:我突然想到一个绝妙的主意,我要去查阅参考书。分析句子,设空处引导的是同位语从句,对idea的内容进行解释。that在引导同位语从句的时候,不做成分,只起到连接作用。故填that。
26.that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:这些年来地球变得越来越热这个事情让很多科学家很担忧。分析句子结构,此句为同位语从句。从句the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years对前面名词 the fact的内容进行解释,用连接词that。故填that。
27.that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:毫无疑问,他喜欢打猎。分析句子结构可知,此处是固定句型there is no doubt that…“毫无疑问……”,doubt在否定句中用that引导,此句为that引导的同位语从句,从句是no doubt的具体内容。故填that。
28.that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:这应该当作一种警告,人们应该意识到周围的环境,特别是穿过马路的时候。此处引导同位语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
29. whatever whether
【解析】考查表语从句和让步状语从句。句意:事实上,女孩可以像男孩一样成为任何她们想成为的人,无论是飞行员、宇航员还是经理。根据句子结构可知,第一空应填连接代词whatever引导表语从句,whatever同时在该从句中充当be的表语,意为“不管什么”;第二空应填连词whether,whether...or...可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句,意为“不管是……还是……”。在句中从属连词whether只起到引导连接作用,在从句中不充当成分,只表示疑问语气。故填:①whatever;②whether。
30.what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:承诺是实现梦想的必要条件。分析句子结构,此句为表语从句。此句动词takes缺少宾语,连词what,表达“什么”,可作成分,引导表语从句。故填what。
31.that
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:抱歉,他不能和你去。因为明天他有事要做。空格处是表语从句,由于主语是The reason,在从句中句子成分完整,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
32.what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:——看你弄得乱糟糟的,你总是这么懒!——妈妈,这不能怪我。是你让我成这样子的。此处为表语从句,空处在从句中充当make的宾语补足语,故填what。
33.who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定是谁更害怕,我还是雌性大猩猩……我与大猩猩面对面,大猩猩开始大声尖叫。分析句子结构,空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,结合语意,我不确定谁更害怕,所以空处应用who引导从句。故填who。
34.whatever
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:孩子们要什么就给什么是不明智的。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处为从属连词whatever“无论什么”引导的宾语从句,引导词在从句中作want的宾语,故填whatever。
35.what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:巴克以为是散步,没有人看到巴克离开,但实际上这是偷窃。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处引导介词on后的宾语从句,连接词在从句中作thought的宾语,指“认为的东西”,应用what引导,同时what Buck thought又作整个宾语从句中的主语。故填what。
¤真题练
1.D
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:他努力学习,后来成为一个著名的作家,这是他父亲所期望的。分析句子可知,was后接表语从句,从句中缺少宾语吗,所以由what来充当宾语。故选D项。
2.D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。
点睛:本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构,然后根据前句By boat is the only way to get here提示可知,作方式状语,就不难选出正确答案。
3.C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
点睛:表语从句是指一个句子充当表语,通俗的说就是系动词be后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how等。
4.D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。“_________ my father has taught me”是表语从句,该空在从句中做teach的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式,意为“如何”;which意为“哪一个”,that在只起引导从句的作用,不做成分。
点睛:what是常见的名词性从句引导词之一,它除了引导从句作用之外,还在从句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语。根据不同的语境,what可以表示不同的意思,例如“……的东西或事情”,“……的人或样子”等。
5.C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里一晚的价格降到20美元,是过去收费的一半。分析句子可知,介词of后跟宾语从句,在从句中作charge的宾语,表示“所……的”,要用what,故选C项。
6.C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
点睛:分析句子可知,空格处做be awarded to的宾语,同时在后面的从句中做主语,再根据句意可知,这里主语指人,故用whoever。
7.C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。A. when什么时候;B. where在哪里;C. whether是否;D. what什么。根据句意,故选C。
【点睛】
本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定,首先确定连词的
词义,然后根据句意判断出正确的连词,本句的句意很明显,确定为“是否”。
8.B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。A. whatever任何事物;B. whoever任何人;C. whomever任何人;D. whichever无论哪个。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,是人获奖,故排除AD,因为需要做主语,只能用主格代词,故选B。
[名师点睛]
主语从句 Subject Clauses (在主语的位置上)
1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that…
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
Who will go makes no difference.
It is known to us that he is a famous singer.
It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.
本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。
2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思
*Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.
*Whoever comes here is welcomed.
*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.
*The gift will be given to whomever I like.
wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
= No matter what happened, he……
9.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查宾语从句连接词的选择。句意:有些人很在乎自己的外表,总是问穿的衣服是否好看。根据look fine in 可知,后面跟的是名词性从句中的宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少wear的宾语,选项中that 在名词性从句中是不充当任何成分的,因此排除A;what在名词性从句中充当主语,宾语和表语,意为“什么”因此选择B项。how只能充当状语,因此排除C;which在名词性从句中可以充当主语,宾语和表语,意为“哪一个”。故选B。
10.B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:我不知道为什么手机不能工作了,你能帮我修修吗?根据句子结构可知,后面的从句是一个同位语从句,作名词idea的同位语。由句意“我不知道为什么手机不能工作了”可知,应用why引导同位语从句。故选B。
11.B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:对于球星来说最好的时刻就是当他攻入致胜的一球时。A当…时;B在哪儿;C怎样;D为什么。位于be动词后是表语从句,根据“The best moment ”得知是时刻,故选B。
12.C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在这部电影中,我印象最深的是父亲对儿子的深爱。A. That那;B. It它;C. What什么;D. Which哪一个。分析句子结构,________ struck me most 是主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,空处应用what引导从句,表示“什么”。故选C项。
13.A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:不要让任何失败打击你的信心,因为你永远不知道你离胜利还有多远。及物动词tell后接宾语从句,该宾语从句本身又是一个感叹句,修饰形容词close用how。故选A。
【点睛】
解答名词性从句的题目首先判断是什么名词性从句。其次看看从句的成分。根据tell,可知后面是宾语从句。宾语从句中形容词close前面缺少修饰语。用how对它进行修饰。
14.C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:你会上所说的话是对公司发展前景的一个很好的描述。此处you said 需要宾语。describes a bright future for the company需要主语,只有what能满足要求。故选C项。
15.D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我们不在的时候,狗会得到很好的照顾,这很好。句中的it是形式主语,________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主语,用引导词that。故选D。
16.C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:这个令人震惊的消息使我们意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。分析句子可知,空格处引导宾语从句,且是感叹句,空后“terrible problems”是名词短语,应用what修饰,how修饰形容词或副词。故选C项。
17.D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:多年的研究发现,儿童早期睡眠问题可能会在他们长大后继续存在。分析可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明主语evidence,且引导词在同位语从句中不作任何成分,且没有实际意义,所以用that引导。故选D项。
18.D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:他突然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室了。It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人突然想到……。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,从句成分完整,用that仅起连接作用,无实义。故选D项。
19.B
【解析】考查同位语从句:句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着引导的作用。故选B。
20.D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:--你看完那本书了吗?--没有,我刚读到孩子们发现洞的秘密的这个地方。这里是宾语从句,where引导的宾语从句,它在从句中作的是地点状语,根据句意故选D。