考向13 状语从句
(
命题趋势
)
状语从句就是由从句担任的状语 ,在句子中可修饰谓语 (或其他动词 )、形容词 、副词或整个句子 ,它可以用来表示时问、地点 、原 因、目的 、结果 、条件 、方式 、比较 、让步等。状语从句是一个较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点 ,我们应做好充分准备 。
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考点归纳
)
重点把握状语从句的时态、语态、语气和省略等及其引导并列句和时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词的灵活运用。状语从句主要考察引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。主要考点:
1. 主句与从句的时态呼应问题;
2. 连接词的选择;
3. 状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换;4. 根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词。
(
考点一
时间状语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2020新课标III卷)__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
答案:as/ when
解析:考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
2.(2016·全国Ⅲ)Over time,________ the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【答案】as/when
【解析】随着时间的过去,随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切除小块,所以烹制起来更快。as/when引导时间状语从句。
3.[2016·四川]________ it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
【答案】When/If
【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。如果它(小熊猫)哭了,熊猫妈妈会摇晃它,用手掌轻拍安慰它。
3.[2015·北京]________ the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
【答案】Once/If/When
【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。一旦被毁坏,需要花费许多年的时间回复农田。
4.[2015·广东卷]One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily.
【答案】when
【解析】考查连词。根据“…the cow was eating grass…it began to rain heavily.”可知,本句中一个动作发生,另一个动作正在进行,用连词when。
【考点归纳】
when,while,as
1.when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
2.从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
3.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边……,(一边……)”或“随着……”。
4.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。
before与since
1.before表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;趁……;还没来得及……就……;在……之前”。
2.It will be+一段时间+before...“多久之后才……”。
3.It won't be long before...“不久之后就……”。
4.It was+一段时间+before...“过了多久才……”。
5.It is+一段时间+since...“自从……多久了”。
5.表示“每次;下一次……”的常用表达
every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当……;每次……;下次……”等。
till,until和not...until
1.until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词,主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用,但till不可以置于句首,而until可以。
2.not...until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式。
【易错警示】
when的特殊用法
1.when意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作。常见句型有:
2.when还可表原因,意为“既然”。
表示“刚……就……,一……就……”的常用表达
1.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。
2.no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,主句应用倒装语序。
(
考点二
地点、让步及比较状语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2021年天津卷)We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A.unless B.once C.whether D.because
答案:C
解析:考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意:无论是在工作中,在家里,还是在学校,我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非;B.once 一旦;C.whether无论;是否;D.because 因为。分析句子,该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句,根据句意及后面的or ,需要表示“无论是…还是…”,whether符合题意。故选C项。
1. .[2012·广东卷]__20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little harder for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stop the kids in the class.
【答案】If
【解析】考查连词。因he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子,且两者之间没有关联词,必定是填关联词;根据两句之间的逻辑关系是条件关系,应填连词if(如果,要是)。且首字母要大写。句意为:如果他认为坐在教室的后排就能逃脱大家的注意,那他就想错了。
2.(2015·浙江)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
【答案】If-Although/Though
【解析】考查连词的用法 ,根据句意“尽管在我读书的时候我是一个小孩,但我不会忘记它”表达让步,而不是条件。而且翻译为如果意思上也不通。
【考点归纳】
地点状语从句由where (在... .的地方),wherever (无论哪里),anywhere ( 任何地方) ,和everywhere (每一个地方)引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。(2)whenever,wherever还可分别引导时间和地点状语从句。
让步状语从句1.although,though,as与while引导的让步状语从句
(1) although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序;though可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。
(2) although/though不能与but连用,但可以和yet,still连用。
(3)though 还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。
(4)while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。
2.even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
3.“no matter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ever”;
whether...or...(不管……还是……)引导的让步状语从句
(1) “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句时,可转化成 “疑问词+ever”。
比较状语从句
1、比较状语从句常由as(同级比较)、than (不同程度的比较)、the more....the more.
just as ... ,so.... A is to B what /as X is to Y,not so much as等词引导。
2、如果主句(结果)在前,从句(条件)在后,则主句不用倒装,只需倒装从句:主语+
谓语+the more+the more主语+谓语。主句为结果,从句为条件。
3、注意than后的省略
【易错警示】
as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。被前置的表语是单数名词时,须省略冠词。例如:
Child as/though he is, he is as brave as an adult.=Although he is a child, he is as brave as an adult.
Fast as/though he ran, he couldnt catch up with his friend.=Although he ran fast, he couldnt catch up with his friend.
Interesting as/though the book was, Jim threw it away.=Although the book was interesting, Jim threw it away.
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考点三
原因及条件状语从句
)
【真题典例】
1.(2021年天津卷) Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
A. because B. until C. before D. although
答案:A
解析:考查连词词义辨析。句意:感到恐惧是有益于健康的,因为它能帮助你慢下来,正确评估风险。A. because因为;B. until直到;C. before在……之前;D. although虽然。根据语境,主句提到healthy(有益于健康的),连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的,这是一个原因状语从句,适用because(因为)引导,故选A。
2.[2016·北京]I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
【答案】because
【解析】考查原因状语从句的连接词。我真的喜欢听音乐,因为它帮助我放松。
3.【2013·湖南卷】When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “__48__ the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat(变瘪) within 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman.
【答案】because
【考点归纳】
原因状语从句
表示原因的状语从句可以由as (由于),because (因为),since (既然),now (that) (既
然),considering that (顾及),seeing that(由于),for the reason that, not that , in that
(在于) , now that, since, given that ,in as much as ,in so much as等连词引导
1、because, since, as 和for
(1)Because 语气最强,强调原因,在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时,一般只用because;在强调结构it is/was...that..中,也只能用because,此外在关联词no...but.. 结构中,也用because引导的原因状语从句。
(2)since 语气不如because 强,as 则不如since。 表达的往往是显而易见的或己为人们所知的原因,强调主句。
(3) for为并列连词,语气最弱,不表示原因,其所联系的是并列句,是一种解释原因,尤其是当用结果来反证原因时
(4)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替,但如果不是.
说明有直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for
其他连词还有now that /seeing (that )/ considering that /in that /no等that
条件状语从句的从属连词有if,unless(=if...not除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing(假设,如果),provided that(如果)等。
【易错警示】
省略if的倒装条件句。在虚拟语气中,if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had,should和were,那么可省略if,把had,should和were放在句首构成倒装。如:
If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
(
考点四
方式结果及目的状语从句
)If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
【真题典例】
【2020·全国新课标I】I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【答案】将unless改为until/till
考查连词。句意:我耐心等待,直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热,应使用until/till引导时间状语从句,故将unless改为until/till。
2.【2018·天津】4. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if
C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子,这样的话,它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起;B. as if好像;C. even though尽管;D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句,故用so that引导。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】23.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意:医生给了病人他的手机号码,以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是…多好;B. as if好像,仿佛;C. even though即使,尽管;D. in case以备,以防,免得。故选D。
4.The teacher stared at Jack _____ he had done something wrong.
A. as if B. in case
C. so that D. even if
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。A. as if 好像; B. in case万一;C. so that 为了---; D. even if即使。句意:老师盯着杰克,好像他做了错事。故选A。
2020年江苏卷)They decide to have more workers for the project ____________ it won’t be delayed.
A. even if B. as if
C. now that D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:他们决定为这项工程增加工人,以免耽搁。A. even if即使;B. as if好像;C. now that既然;D. so that为了。空后it won’t be delayed是前面采取措施的目的,应使用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D。
【考点归纳】
方式状语从句
1、方式状语从句通常用as,(just)as...so...,as...if , as though,the way引导。
2、as,(just) as...so.引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后。但在(just) as...so... ..结构中位于
句首时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思........就像多用于正式文体。
3、as if /as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈
述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性大。汉语译作仿佛...似.的,好像....似的
4、连词than引导的比较状语从句,也是一-种方式状语从句。Than 从句的省略有以下几个
特点:
(1)省去主语,保留谓语部分,这种结构多见于正式文体中。
(2)省去部分谓语,保留主语和be、have 或助动词。这是从句中的be、have 或助动词可以放置于主句之前,形成倒装结构。
(3)省去整个谓语部分,保留主语。
(4)省去主语和部分谓语,保留宾语或修饰语
(5)省去宾语
(6)在一些比较省略结构中,than之后了用动词不定式或动名词。
结果状语从句
1、结果状语从句常由so....that或such..that引导。其中so是副词,修饰形容词或副词;such
是形容词,修饰名词词组,so...that 与such..that结构可以互相转换。
2、So much,so that用于形容词或副词之后,表示“到如此程度以至于”。
3、当名词有many, much, few,lttle 修饰时要用so, 不能用such
4、So ..hat结构中的so有时可放在句首,句子用倒装语序
5可以引导结果状语从句的连词还有
That/ so that/ to the degree that/to the extent that/to such a degree that
目的状语从句
1、引导目的状语从句的连词有
That/so that(以便)Lest(唯恐) for fear that/in case in the hope that等。从句使用一些情态动词: can, could,may,might,should等,should 有时可以省略。
2、Lest 有否定的意义。意为以免或似的。Lest 所引导的从句多用助动词should, would,
might等虚拟形式。Incase引导的从句则较少用虚拟形式。
引导结果状语从句的连词有that、so much..that和 so(that)/with the result that等,其中so that 引导的结果状语从句前常用逗号与主句隔开,而so that引导的目的状语从句与主句之间则不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句可置于句首,而结果状语从句则不能放在句首。
【易错警示】
1.目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can,could,may,might,should等。
2.as if/though引导方式状语从句时,从句中有时需用虚拟语气.
(
经典变式练
(基础练、提升练、真题练)
)
※基础练单项选择
1.________ it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which perform for us.
A.Because B.Though C.As D.When
2.Look around before you ____ the street.
A.cross B.crossing C.be crossing D.to be crossing
3.Changing your habits can be hard and developing new habits takes time, but ________ you stay motivated, you will meet your goal.
A.in case B.so long as C.as far as D.even if
4.________there is a will, there is a way.
A.How B.When C.What D.Where
5.—When is the school art festival
—It will be held on time if it ________ next Monday.
A.don’t rain B.won’t rain C.doesn’t rain D.didn’t rain
6.You should always try to achieve more, _________ well you have done before.
A.however B.whatever C.whenever D.wherever
7.Jane, please turn off the lights ________ you leave the classroom.
A.after B.before C.until D.since
8.________ many children like KFC, I think they'd better try not to eat it too often.
A.Because B.When
C.Although D.If
9.Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ________I could answer the phone.
A.unless B.until C.before D.since
10.Tell your doctor with a detailed medical history ______ he can give you the accurate treatment.
A.even if B.so that C.in case D.as though
11.I have known Dr. John for a long time, may be since Bet ___________in that university.
A.worked B.works C.has worked D.had worked
12.The panda mom has_________of parenthood that she can’t be entrusted with the baby.
A.such a little experience B.so little experience
C.so little an experience D.such a little experience
13._________ it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
A.Because B.Though C.Given D.When
14.They are hoping for a return to normality ______ the war is over.
A.now that B.as if C.unless D.in case
15.The two collectors have determined to buy the precious Egyptian vase, _______.
A.however much it costs B.no matter how it costs
C.however much does it cost D.no matter how much does it cost
16.His plan was such a good one ________ we all agreed to accept it.
A.so B.and C.that D.as
17.________ you go abroad, it is likely that you will have trouble________the new life.
A.The first time; adjusting to B.For the first time; adjusting to
C.The first time; to adjust to D.For the first time; to adjust to
18.________, we must believe in ourselves and efforts must pay off one day.
A.However life is difficult B.However is life difficult
C.However difficult life is D.However difficult is life
19.The famous scientist grew up ________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A.when B.whenever C.where D.wherever
20.He came back late ______ there was something wrong with his car.
A.because B.unless C.though D.otherwise
◎提升练用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.Persistent people begin their success ________ others end in failure.
22.I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. ________ they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.
23.________ your answer is , there’s always a lot more to it than first meets the eye.
24.Actually, girls can be ________ they want to be just like boys, _________ it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a manager .
25.________(provide)that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to $100 a day.
26.________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
27.Researchers have found, in their experiment, that a baby's cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them ________ we are parents or not.
28.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem________none of us worked out.
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem________none of us worked it out.
29.My adviser recommended that I ________(sign) up for advanced literature ________ I like English and I’m good at it.
30._________ (assume) that it rains tomorrow, what shall we do
31.The WTO cannot live up to its name ________ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
32.They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life __ you are.
33.No matter __________ busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.
34.__________ she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.
35.We _____________(leave) when it begins to rain.
36.__________the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin
37.If_________ (consume) in large quantities without limit, clean drinking water will face the danger of running out.
38.Child _____ he is, (yet) he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
39.A tall building was put up at the place__________there used to be a desert.(=A tall building was put up___________there used to be a desert.)
40.It was not ________ dusk that they made their way toward the cottage.
¤真题练
1.(2017·江苏·高考真题)Located ________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
A.why B.when
C.which D.where
2.(2017·全国·高考真题)_______ something unexpected happens, I'll see you tomorrow at school.
A.Before B.Unless C.Although D.Because
3.(2018·北京·高考真题)_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A.Although B.While
C.If D.Until
4.(2017·北京·高考真题)________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because
5.(2015·天津·高考真题)We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it.
A.while B.after
C.before D.as
6.(2013·上海·高考真题)They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.
A.however difficult B.how difficult
C.whatever difficulty D.what difficulty
7.(2013·湖南·高考真题)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason________you reach any decision. (2013·湖南,23)
A.although B.before
C.because D.unless
8.(2011·重庆·高考真题)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ________ we are to shake hands with.
A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever
9.(2013·江西·高考真题)She says that she’ll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
A.if B.unless
C.after D.when
10.(2013·辽宁·高考真题)One can always manage to do more things, no matter__________full one’s schedule is in life.
A.how B.what
C.when D.where
11.(2013·天津·高考真题)_____ small, the company has about 1000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A.As B.If C.Although D.Once
12.(2012·辽宁·高考真题)Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A.as long as B.even though
C.in case D.as if
13.(2011·天津·高考真题) regular exercise is very important,it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A.It B.As C.Although D.Unless
14.(2014·安徽·高考真题)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant.”
A.before B.after
C.since D.while
15.(2012·上海·高考真题) I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.
A.once B.if C.after D.unless
16.(2014·陕西·高考真题) The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ______I could ask for their names.
A.while B.before C.after D.since
17.(2014·四川·高考真题)I'll be out for some time. ______ anything important happens, call me up immediately.
A.In case B.As if
C.Even though D.Now that
18.(2014·山东·高考真题)I don’t really like the author,_______ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
A.although B.unless C.until D.once
19.(2013·山东·高考真题)______________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Whoever D.However
20.(2008·全国·高考真题)A small car is big enough for a family of three ________ you need more space for baggage.
A.once B.because C.if D.unless
参考答案
※基础练
1.B
【解析】考查让步状语从句和连词。句意:虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量,但是要估计为我们提供的服务的真正价值却是极其困难的。A. Because因为;B. Though虽然;C. As像……一样,虽然;D. When在……时候。根据句意可知,前后句意有转折关系,“it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money”是让步状语从句,用从属连词though引导该从句,意为“虽然”;另外as虽也能引导让步状语从句,但从句必须使用倒装。故选B项。
2.A
【解析】考查时态。句意:你过马路前先四处看看。before引导的时间状语从句满足“主将从现”,主句用祈使句表示将来含义,从句用一般现在时。从句缺少谓语动词,主语是you,动词用原形即可。故选A。
3.B
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:改变你的习惯是困难的,养成新的习惯需要时间,但只要你保持动力,你就会达到你的目标。A. in case以防、万一;B. so long as只要;C. as far as远达、就……而言;D. even if即使、虽然。分析句意可知,此处用固定短语so long as表示“只要”来引导条件状语从句。故选B项。
4.D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:有志者,事竟成。此处there is a way为主句,where引导地点状语从句。故选D。
5.C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——校艺术节是什么时候?——如果下周一不下雨,将如期举行。根据答语句意,if作“如果”讲,动词时态将遵循“主将从现”的原则,从句用一般现在时,主语it为第三人称单数,否定助动词用doesn’t。故选C。
6.A
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你以前做得多好,你都应该努力实现更多。A. however无论如何;B. whatever无论什么;C. whenever无论何时;D. wherever无论哪里。此处表示“无论你以前做得多好”,应用however引导让步状语从句,修饰副词well。故选A项。
7.B
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:简,请在你离开教室之前把灯关掉。由句子分析可知,应该是在离开教室“前”关灯。故选B项。
8.C
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然很多孩子喜欢肯德基,但我认为他们最好不要经常吃。分析句子可知,由文中“like”和后文“try not to eat it too often”可知,前后之间有转折意义。故选C项。
9.C
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:有人半夜给我打电话,但我还没来得及接电话,他就挂断了。A. unless除非;B. until直到;C. before在……之前;D. since自从。由语意可知,给我打电话那个人没有等到我接电话就挂断了,所以他是在我接电话前挂断的电话,因此此处应用before引导的时间状语从句。故选C项。
10.B
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:告诉你的医生详细的病史,这样他才能给你准确的治疗。A. even if即使,虽然;B. so that以便,为了:C. in case万一,假使;D. as though好像。根据句意和句子结构,设空处应填连接词so that,引导目的状语从句,把既往病史告诉医生的目的是医生可以做成准确的治疗。故选B项。
11.A
【解析】考查时态。句意:我认识约翰博士很长时间了,也许自从贝特在那所大学工作以来。Since意为“自……以来;从……到今”,是连词,引导时间状语从句,从句用过去时,主句通常为现在完成时。题中主句是现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。故选A项。
12.B
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:熊猫妈妈几乎没有为人父母的经历,所以不能托付给她照看宝宝。此处little修饰不可数名词,表示几乎没有;a little表示肯定的意思,指“有一点,有些”不符合语境;当名词被little(少)修饰时,只能用so。故选B。
13.B
【解析】考查连词。句意:虽然可以用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值,但要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值是极其困难的。A. Because 因为;B. Though 虽然;C. Given鉴于;D. When当......时。根据“it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money(或许可以用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值)”和“ it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us(要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值是极其困难的)”可知,前后是让步关系,故需though引导,though意为“虽然”,符合语意。故选B。
14.A
【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意:既然战争结束了,他们希望一切都恢复常态。A. now that既然;B. as if似乎;C. unless除非;D. in case以防。结合语意,战争结束是他们希望一切都恢复常态的原因,所以此处应用now that引导原因状语从句。故选A项。
15.A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:两位收藏家决定买下这件珍贵的埃及花瓶,不管花多少钱。分析句子可知,however/no matter how引导让步状语从句,后紧跟形容词或副词,所以B项不对。后跟状语从句,不需倒装,所以C,D项不对,故选A项。
16.C
【解析】考查结果状语从句。句意:他的计划是如此好以致于我们都同意接受。such a/an +adj.+可数名词单数+that是固定句型,意为“如此……以致于……”,that引导结果状语从句。故选C。
17.A
【解析】考查时间状语和非谓语动词。句意:你第一次出国,适应国外生活可能会有困难。the first time“第一次……”是连词,for the first time“第一次”是时间状语,adjust to“适应”,固定短语。第一空,the first time 用作连词,引导时间状语从句;第二空,have trouble (in) doing sth 做……有困难,是一个固定搭配,其后应用adjust的动名词形式作宾语。故选A。
18.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意:无论生活多么困难,我们必须相信自己,努力总有一天会有回报的。分析句子可知,该句为However引导的让步状语从句,意思是“不管怎样……、无论如何……”,结构为however+形容词+主语+系动词。故选C项。
19.C
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:这位著名的科学家在他出生的地方长大,1930年他来到上海。结合句意,分析句子可知,“ he was born”是科学家长大的地方,表示“在他出生的地方”,是地点状语从句,应用连词where引导该从句。故选C项。
20.A
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意:他回来晚了,因为他的车出了毛病。A. because因为;B. unless除非;C. though尽管;D. otherwise否则。结合语意,他回来晚是因为车出问题了,所以空处应用连词because,表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句。故选A项。
◎提升练
21.where
【解析】考查连词。句意:持之以恒的人们在他人失败之处开启他们成功的旅程。结合句意“在……的地方”可知,此处应用连词where表示“在……的地方”。故填where。
22.As long as
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:只要他们知道我在做什么,他们就不会介意。引导条件状语从句,表示“只要”应用as long as,句首单词首字母要大写。故填As long as。
23.Whatever
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:不管你的答案是什么,总有比第一眼看到的更多的东西。根据句意和句子结构,可知此处表达“无论什么”,在从句作表语,引导让步性状语从句。whatever无论什么,符合题意。故填Whatever。
24. whatever whether
【解析】考查表语从句和让步状语从句。句意:事实上,女孩可以像男孩一样成为任何她们想成为的人,无论是飞行员、宇航员还是经理。根据句子结构可知,第一空应填连接代词whatever引导表语从句,whatever同时在该从句中充当be的表语,意为“不管什么”;第二空应填连词whether,whether...or...可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句,意为“不管是……还是……”。在句中从属连词whether只起到引导连接作用,在从句中不充当成分,只表示疑问语气。故填:①whatever;②whether。
25.Provided##Providing
【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:只要你的账户里有钱,你每天最多可以提取100美元。provided/ providing that意为“在……情况下,倘使,倘若”,引导条件状语从句,符合题意,provided/ providing置于句首,首字母大写。故填Provided/Providing。
26.As
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:随着人口平均年龄的增加,有越来越多的老人需要被照顾。空格处是从句,表示时间,根据句意表达“随着”,应用连接词as。故填As。
27.whether
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:研究者们在他们的实验中发现,婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应,使得我们不可能忽略他们,无论我们是不是父母。whether...or...可用来引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……还是……”。根据 or not可知空格处填whether。故填whether。
28. as that
【解析】考查连词。答题空1句意:上学期,我们数学老师出了一道没有人能算出来的考试题。根据句子分析可知,Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem为主句,从句中none of us worked out缺宾语,故为定语从句,先行词是an examination problem,指物定语从句中缺work out的宾语。先行词被so修饰,故用as代替先行词,在定语从句中做宾语。故填as。
答题空2句意:上学期,我们数学老师出了一道如此难的考试题,以至于我们中没有人能算出来。根据句子分析可知,句子分析可知,Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem为主句,从句中none of us worked it out不缺成分,故为结果状语从句。根据“so…that,如此…以至于”可知,that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
29. sign##should sign because##as##since##for
【解析】考查虚拟语气和连词。句意:我的导师建议我应该报名高级文学课,因为我喜欢英语,而且我很擅长它。观察句子可知,recommended后为that引导的宾语从句,表示建议,从句部分用虚拟语气,构成should do结构,should可以省略;根据句意,因为喜欢且擅长英语,所以导师建议报名高级文学课,“I like English and I’m good at it”是原因,用表示原因的连词(because/as/since/for)连接。故填:①sign/should sign;②because/as/since/for。
30.Assuming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:假设明天下雨,我们怎么办 assuming that(假设/如果)本身是用作条件状语的分词短语。故填Assuming。
31.if
【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果世贸组织没有一个占世界五分之一人口的国家加入,它就不可能名副其实。由常识可知,世贸组织应该包括中国——一个占世界五分之一的国家;反过来如果不包括,就可不可能名副其实。因此此处前后句缺少连接词“如果”。故填if。
32.as
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们在生活中面临着和你一样的挑战和问题。the same… as…“与……一样/同样”,as是连词,意为“像,正如”,后接句子you are,故填as。
33.how
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你多忙,他总是坚持和你一起来。连词how通常要和形容词/副词连用,句中busy是形容词,要用how连接上下文,所以要填how。
34.Though
【解析】考查连词。句意:尽管她犹豫了一会,最终还是进去要求看一下橱窗里的那件裙子。上下文是让步关系,从句要使用though连接,所以要填Though。
35.are going to leave
【解析】考查时态。句意:开始下雨的时候我们会离开。在状语从句中常常使用主将从现,此句是when引导的时间状语从句,从句用的是一般将来时,从句使用将来时,故填are going to leave。
36.While
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然太阳光线会使我们的皮肤衰老并伤害我们的皮肤,但它们也能给我们提供有益的维生素D。根据句意可知,该句为让步状语从句,主语与从句为陈述语气,应用While“虽然……但是”做引导词。故填While。
37.consumed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:如果大量无限制地饮用,干净的饮用水将面临耗尽的危险。本句是if引导的条件状语从句,当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,且从句有be或包含be的某种形式,此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略。本句主从句主语都是clean drinking water,所以省略了主语和be,clean drinking water和consume之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式,故填consumed。
38.as/though
【解析】考查连词。句意:尽管还是一个孩子,他知道很多中国汉字。分析句子可知,此处是让步状语从句的倒装句,其结构为“ n/adj./ adv./v + as/though + 主语+ 谓语”(as引导时必须倒装,though引导时可以倒装),当名词提前时,要省略冠词,Child as/though he is“尽管他是个孩子”。故填as/though。
39. where where
【解析】考查where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别。分析句子结构可知,第一空为定语从句,关系词指代先行词place并在从句中作地点状语,故填where;第二空空前没有先行词,因此为地点状语从句,修饰be put up,表示高楼盖起来的地点,故填where。
40.until
【解析】考查连词。句意:直到黄昏,他们才朝小屋走去。分析句子结构,此句为强调句型,结构为:it is/was…that…,被强调部分为not until dusk,作时间状语,结合句意,此处表达“直到……才”,until符合题意。故填until。
¤真题练
1.D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。be located in+地点名词表示“位于/坐落某地”,where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place,故选D。
2.B
【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意:除非有意料之外(没有提前想到)的事情发生,否则我明天将会去学校见你。A. before在…之前;B. unless除非;C. although虽然;D. because因为。根据句意和各个选项的含义可知,这里用unless引导条件状语从句,表示日程安排的例外情况(除非有意外情况),故选B。
3.C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管;while当……时候,尽管,然而;if如果;until直到。故C选项正确。
点睛:条件状语从句通常由引导词if或unless引导。条件是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作),其它事情(主句中的动作)才能发生,通常译作“假如”。
4.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。A. Once 一旦;B. If如果;C. Although 尽管;D. Because因为。根据语境可知,前后之间是让步关系,故选C。
5.C
【解析】试题分析:句意:在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……时候,而;B. after在……之后; C. before 在……之前;D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。
考点:考查状语从句的连接词。
【名师点睛】本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型,要分析句子结构,理解句意,考虑语境, 选择恰当连词。切忌:粗心大意,惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证,理解句意,充分考虑语境。
6.C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:他们承诺在今年年底要开发一个软件包,无论可能会有什么样的困难。和difficult,difficulty搭配的状语从句的连词分别是however difficult,whatever difficulty,根据they might have 可知,此处句型为sb have difficulty (in) doing something,故用名词difficulty,因此排除A、B。句意为“无论有什么样的困难”,应用whatever引导。排除D项。故选C。
7.B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意为:你必须学会在做任何决定之前都考虑兼顾好情感与理智。根据常识可知在做决定之前应该三思,而兼顾好情感与理智是行事的前提。所以本句为before引导的时间状语从句。故选B项。
8.C
【解析】 考查状语从句。句意:为了表示我们的尊重,我们通常必须把手套脱下来,不管我们要和谁握手。由“we are to shake hands with”可知,句子表示“为了表示我们的尊重,我们通常必须把手套脱下来,不管我们要和谁握手”,空格处意为“无论谁”,是whoever,引导让步状语从句,故选C。
9.B
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意:她说她将不得不关掉商店,如果生意不提高的话。A. if如果;B. unless除非,如果不;C. after在……后面;D. when当……时候。结合句意可知,此处用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B项。
10.A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:一个人总是可以设法做更多的事,不管他生活中的日程安排得多满。根据空后的“full”可知,此处应用how修饰full,意为“无论有多满”,故选A。
11.C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:尽管公司很小,但是在30多个国家有1000多个买主。A.As因为,尽管(从句要倒装);B.If如果;C.Although尽管;D.Once一旦。前面是small,后面是1000 buyers,前后之间存在转折,故选C。
12.C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:把你的钥匙留给你的邻居,以防你把自己锁在外面了。A.as long as只要;B.even though尽管;C.in case 以防;D.as if好像。根据句意可知,本句为in case引导的目地状语从句。故选C项。
13.C
【解析】考查连词:句意是:虽然定期锻炼很重要,但是太接近睡觉时间不是好主意。根据句意可知前后句子为让步关系,所以用although引导让步状语从句。故选C。
14.A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:“nice”这个单词的含义改变了很多次才终于包含了“快乐”的感觉。A. before 在……之前;B.after在……后面; C.since自从;D.while当……时候,虽然,然而。分析句意可知,本句为before引导的时间状语从句。故选A。
15.D
【解析】考查连词。句意:我旅行的预算很吃紧,所以不打算坐飞机,除非航空公司降低票价。A. once一旦;B. if如果;C. after在……之后;D. unless除非。根据“I have a tight budget for the trip”可知我不打算坐飞机,除非航空公司降低票价。故选D。
16.B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:在我问他们的名字之前,这对年轻夫妇返还了我的钱包就离开了。A.while当…时;B.before在..之前;C.after在…之后;D.since自从。根据句意可知:我还未问他们的名字,他们就离开了。故选B。
17.A
【解析】试题分析:A万一;B仿佛;C即使;D既然。根据句意可知:给我打电话的前提是如果发生重要的事情,所以前句话表示后面情况发生的一种条件,in case可以引导条件状语从句,故答案选A。句意:我要出去一会。万一有重要事情的话,立即给我打电话。
考点:考查状语从句的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查了学生对状语从句的用法的理解,状语从句类别很多,做题时需要分析句子,本题中in case万一。是连词,引导条件状语从句。也就是说in case后面是一个完整的句子 in case anything important happens万一有重要事情的话,在没有in case情况下仍然是一个完整的句子。在做状语从句类型题时,先分析句子的结构,再了解每个连词的意思,然后根据语境选出答案。
18.A
【解析】考查状语从句连词辨析。句意为:我真的不喜欢这个作家,尽管我不得不承认他的书很令人兴奋。A.although 尽管 ;B unless 除非;C until 直到;D once 一旦。根据“I don’t really like the author”可知,虽然他的书令人兴奋,但是我不喜欢这个作家。故选A。
【知识拓展】
状语从句连词的选择第一要知道各个选项中的连词的各种意思,第二根据句意进行确定。
19.B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:每当我得做演讲的时候,开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。A. Whatever无论什么;B. Whenever每当,无论何时;C. Whoever无论谁;D. However不管怎样。引导时间状语从句,表示“每当”应用whenever。故选B。
20.D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:除非你需要更大的空间放行李,否则一辆小汽车对一家三口来说就足够大了。A. once一旦;B. because因为;C. if如果;D. unless除非。引导条件状语从句,表示“除非”应用unless。故选D。