备战2023年高考英语考点微专题（全国通用）考向21 完形填空之人与社会学案（含答案）

考向21 完形填空之人与社会
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真题典例
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Passage1（2022年1月浙江卷）
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___19___ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___21___ she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done____25____ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising ____26____ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. ____27____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 ____28____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to ____29____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after ____30____ . "I say there is no old ____31____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand ____32____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney ____33____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring ____34____ into people eyes and this is just the ____35____. There is still a long way to go"
16. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
17. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
18. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship
19. A. similar B. various C. personal D. special
20. A. turn B. peace C. vain D. silence
21. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
22. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
23. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference
24. A. informed B. doubted C. included D. dismissed
25. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
26. A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
27. A. As ever B. So far C. In return D. Once again
28. A. wasted B. donated C. expected D. earned
29. A. imagine B. confirm C. remember D. understand
30. A. retirement B. childbirth C. graduation D. marriage
31. A. time B. rule C. age D. tale
32. A. straight B. still C. firm D. alone
33. A. commented B. learned C. reminded D. added
34. A. light B. joy C. color D. beauty
35. A. future B. beginning C. truth D. meaning
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服；B. go through经历；C. hold on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目，故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起这个项目筹集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金额，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了，故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C. color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
Passage2（2021年全国甲卷）
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was ___21___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___22___ some friends in the area. They had asked him to ___23___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___24___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was ___25___ that it would be too warm, he ___26___ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was ___27___ and well chilled (冷却) and he ___28___ .
That's when things went ____29____ “I remember walking down the long _____30_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____31_____ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went _____32_____ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____33_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real _____34_____ .
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have _____35_____ and I admit responsibility of my _____36_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____37_____ , to apologize for the-damage I had _____38_____ caused and to ask you to _____39_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter _____40_____ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
21. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make
23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste
24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table
31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation
32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild
33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured
36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. visit拜访；B. help帮助；C. follow跟随；D. make制作。根据“They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖；B. have有；C. bring带来； D. taste品尝。根据“So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满；B. locked锁上；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据“he 26 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖； B. cleared清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. delicious美味的； B. safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. left离开；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅；D. table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. invitation邀请。根据““I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
”可知，Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的；C. missing失踪的； D. wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱； B. puzzle不解之谜；C. fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. recovered恢复；B. retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured成熟。根据“and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. suffering苦难；B. plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据“I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里； B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel.”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C. ended结束；D. disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。
Passage3（2022年新高考I卷）
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___42___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___43___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___44___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___45___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___46___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___49___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _____50_____ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _____51_____. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _____52_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _____53_____.
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _____54_____, wondering what camping fun and _____55_____ we will experience next.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指作者担心自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以才在他的腰上系了一根绳子。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可推知，此处指作者的密切关注起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，也没有获得好运，船依然无法启动。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助，作者和家人安全了。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴奋。结合语境，再根据下文“wondering what camping fun”可推知，此处指作者期待接下来的露营，充满兴奋。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。
Passage4（2022年新高考II卷）
Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___23___ .
They’re part of a new form of the ___24___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___28___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____32____ . For Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____34____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says.
21. A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time
22. A. game B. service C. vacation D. procedure
23. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable
24. A. local B. private C. sharing D. agricultural
25. A. strangers’ B. parents’ C. co-workers’ D. neighbors’
26. A. favor B. defense C. honor D. absence
27. A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete
28. A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please
29. A. support B. comfort C. control D. attention
30. A. cooking B. staying C. waiting D. studying
31. A. success B. survival C. growth D. unemployment
32. A. budget B. abilities C. expectations D. understanding
33. A. admiring B. donating C. sending D. borrowing
34 A. clean B. open C. simple D. empty
35. A. guess B. decision C. response D. impression
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. (在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。
Passage5（2021年全国乙卷）
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say _____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _____60_____ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家，药剂师；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades分数，级别，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开；B. put to the test经受考验，接受……的考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发，离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图，尝试；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，由此可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别，推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得，保护；D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的“To many people， 19 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。
(
经典变式练
（基础练、提升练、真题练）
)
※基础练
Passage1
It’s widely accepted that knowledge can inspire people to pursue their ideals, meanwhile, education provides people with the opportunities to break the ___1___ of fate. Last century, a boy named Amos was not ___2___ to go to school, while several decades later his son helped thousands of people learn to read.
As Amos was forced to work on a farm in Pokhara during childhood, he was so ___3___ to get education that he determined to ___4___ Kathmandu where the only school was located. Gradually, his children grew up. With the risk of being put in prison, Amos ___5___ brought a teacher from school to teach them. Fortunately, the education policy abolished the ___6___ for everyone in 1951. Having better chances, Devin, Amos’ son could study further and ___7___ college eventually.
Knowledge from reading broadened his horizons and ___8___ him to go out and learn more about his own country. It was from these experiences that he was soon ___9___ of the fact that just few poor people knew how to read. So he made up his mind to follow his father’s ___10___ as a champion of education. Together with his wife Sandra, Devin was ___11___ to helping the poor, and then they ___12___ an organization called the Non-formal Education Services Center to educate poor people. When they ___13___ teaching reading and writing, they quickly realized that many people were lack of the ___14___ materials like books, pens and paper; besides, they couldn’t ___15___ to long-term study. Therefore, they needed to do something about the ___16___ those people suffered from. After working with the villagers, they made painstaking efforts to achieve the development of the agriculture and goat farming to ___17___ poverty. To their delight, with their savings and some other ___18___ assistance, they were able to go to school.
Up to now, their organization has ___19___ more than 30,000 adults and 15,000 children access to education as well as helped them to ___20___ poverty step by step.
1．A．rules B．obstacles C．changes D．ways
2．A．announced B．abandoned C．allowed D．adapted
3．A．eager B．equal C．grateful D．upset
4．A．stay at B．run away C．leave for D．escape from
5．A．originally B．silently C．apparently D．illegally
6．A．qualification B．admission C．restriction D．competition
7．A．dropped out B．graduated from C．fitted in D．built up
8．A．desired B．ensured C．persuaded D．motivated
9．A．proud B．fond C．afraid D．aware
10．A．instruction B．guidance C．footstep D．heart
11．A．committed B．supposed C．accustomed D．addicted
12．A．supplied B．rescued C．donated D．launched
13．A．applied for B．searched for C．set about D．brought about
14．A．convenient B．useful C．expensive D．necessary
15．A．expect B．afford C．wait D．manage
16．A．anxiety B．depression C．illness D．poverty
17．A．relieve B．refuse C．respect D．reflect
18．A．financial B．commercial C．official D．artificial
19．A．demanded B．adopted C．guaranteed D．rewarded
20．A．look forward toB．get rid of C．pay attention to D．make use of
Passage2
Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your___21___, but how you get back up after being___22___. Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and it was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had___23___the lower half of his body. Even if he were to___24___, he would be lame throughout his life.
But the brave boy did not want to die___25___did he want to be lame. Much to the___26___of the doctor, he did survive. But___27___from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just ___28___there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was___29___. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a____30____to move around. One day, he____31____himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass,____32____his legs behind him. He reached the fence，raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence firmly____33____. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk ____34____. With his____35____determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.
He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the____36____team.
In February 1934, in New York City' s Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not____37____to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run — this determined young man Dr.Glenn Cunningham, ran the world' s fastest mile.
A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an____38____for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are____39____one, to the degree that death seemed the____40____option.
21．A．regret B．effort C．love D．failure
22．A．hit B．knocked C．driven D．kicked
23．A．destroyed B．hurt C．shaken D．attacked
24．A．gather B．survive C．rise D．grow
25．A．but B．nor C．and D．or
26．A．amazement B．relief C．astonishment D．disappointment
27．A．surprisingly B．gladly C．unfortunately D．gratefully
28．A．handed B．hung C．put D．stood
29．A．unbelievable B．unaccountable C．unshakable D．uncomfortable
30．A．stick B．place C．seat D．wheelchair
31．A．caught B．lifted C．threw D．missed
32．A．dragging B．searching C．pushing D．running
33．A．excited B．devoted C．determined D．sad
34．A．untrained B．unaided C．clumsily D．swiftly
35．A．wood B．plastic C．iron D．stone
36．A．football B．hike C．climb D．track
37．A．predicted B．expected C．affected D．presented
38．A．gesture B．favor C．connection D．inspiration
39．A．piled B．picked C．produced D．saved
40．A．popular B．comprehensive C．effective D．Preferable
Passage3
Months earlier, my wife Lisa had just woken up at 4:45 when she heard voices coming from the upstairs room. And then she decided to ____41____ what’s going on. She ____42____ that our son, Hunter, had been playing a video game since he got home from school the previous day. What she found ____43____ both of us.
We were tired of the ____44____ of time Hunter spent playing video games. He would often sleep until 1:00 or 2:00 pm on Saturdays because he ___45___ playing games until 2:00 or 3:00 in the morning. I came up with an idea and told it to Lisa. ____46____ immediately, video-game time in our house would have to be ____47____, just like money. I set the ____48____ rate: Each mile ____49____ equals 30 minutes of video-game play.
The first couple of days didn’t go very _____50_____. Instead of choosing to run, he decided to _____51_____ the new program and spend that time sleeping. Eventually, Hunter came around, and the temptation (诱惑) of playing games was just too much. He decided he would _____52_____.
Five months later, Hunter was _____53_____ when he finished second in his age group in his first 10K, achieved third in his first 10-mile race, and completed second in his first half marathon. Recently, he took first place in the 25K in downtown Houston. Hunter’s _____54_____ now is to have the fastest marathon time in our family.
Running teaches him to invest time that needs to be spent in _____55_____ efforts, to do hard things, and then to enjoy a reward.
41．A．answer B．know C．see D．respond
42．A．discovered B．reminded C．founded D．admitted
43．A．thrilled B．scared C．annoyed D．delighted
44．A．style B．amount C．fact D．number
45．A．woke up B．applied for C．stayed up D．showed off
46．A．Impressive B．Positive C．Attractive D．Effective
47．A．lent B．received C．borrowed D．earned
48．A．interest B．exchange C．calculation D．assessment
49．A．swim B．jump C．run D．walk
50．A．smoothly B．obviously C．naturally D．badly
51．A．begin B．refuse C．accept D．change
52．A．give it a shot B．make it a rule C．keep it a secret D．make it a point
53．A．relaxed B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．excited
54．A．work B．skill C．goal D．trust
55．A．fit B．fast C．perfect D．Worthwhile
Passage4
Shi Huishan is a senior majoring in Microbiology and minoring in Public Health and Music. She was ___56___ in microbiology in high school after she first learned about the immune（免疫)system.
As a result of her keen interest in biology, she___57___ the Beck Lab. Her project was to study a ___58___ that she has been struggling with herself. However, her hard work in the lab has not come ___59___.Working in research is hard; Sometimes she will do the exact same experiment several times and get ___60___ different results for each. She will have to ___61___ doing the experiments until the data becomes ___62___. From the experiments she learned that solving problems is an extremely crucial step in research. 'That is what ___63___ science and research exciting and interesting.
As a senior, she talks about her ___64___ as a researcher. Whenever the data was inconsistent, she always ___65___ herself. She did a lot when she ___66___ started research. But now she actively looks for the possible causes and ___67___ team members in the lab. It is an important ___68___ for her to learn, to be ___69___ about herself. She wishes there are more opportunities for students to openly ___70___ the struggles they have in research. Doing research is not all about ___71___ data.
After ___72___ , she plans to take a year off working as a lab technician before applying for her Master's degree. She said, “Facing ___73___ is what pushes people to grow and do things you might have never ___74___ you could do. As long as you are ___75___ and believe in yourself, anything is possible.”
56．A．interested B．occupied C．disappointed D．experienced
57．A．refused B．praised C．joined D．judged
58．A．difference B．disease C．subject D．language
59．A．complex B．special C．regular D．easy
60．A．similarly B．completely C．hardly D．probably
61．A．give up B．keep on C．put off D．rid of
62．A．true B．unordered C．consistent D．numerous
63．A．drives B．leaves C．finds D．makes
64．A．growth B．surprise C．happiness D．advice
65．A．praised B．recalled C．affected D．questioned
66．A．currently B．frequently C．finally D．initially
67．A．analyzes B．blames C．consults D．directs
68．A．lesson B．suggestion C．role D．step
69．A．honest B．confident C．skillful D．patient
70．A．share B．collect C．evaluate D．break
71．A．setting aside B．making up C．dealing with D．looking up
72．A．graduation B．description C．explanation D．exhibition
73．A．depressions B．challenges C．examinations D．impressions
74．A．conveyed B．ignored C．explored D．imagined
75．A．casual B．generous C．determined D．modest
Passage5
My former teacher, Katelyn Varga, was an amazing teacher. The first day I had her social studies class, I knew we would have a great ____76____ . Her style of teaching was so ____77____ that almost every student in the class loved studying social studies.
My favorite ____78____ was from our class about the American Civil War. Each student ____79____ a person from the American Civil War to ____80____ and then explained his or her findings in class. I chose Abraham Lincoln while other classmates chose other ____81____ people of the time like Jefferson Davis. The students would walk around ____82____ the other students’ characters and their ____83____ in the tragic (不幸的) time period. Mrs. Varga could always find useful ways to make her students well ____84____ while at the same time they had _____85_____ . Apart from that, she always _____86_____ us to explore new things. To be honest, Mrs. Varga has a great _____87_____ on me. I remember I behaved badly before. _____88_____ , I met Mrs. Varga who made me become the best student that I could be. I really appreciate (感激) her coming to our school. The last day of school was a _____89_____ one for us, because she would no longer teach us. Both of us cried in each other’s arms.
Mrs. Varga is one of the best teachers that I have ever had. She pours everything she has into her _____90_____ . Thanks to Mrs. Varga, I had a great time at Conrad Schools of Science.
76．A．team B．relationship C．membership D．opportunity
77．A．interesting B．challenging C．traditional D．professional
78．A．experiment B．debate C．performance D．memory
79．A．accepted B．described C．selected D．drew
80．A．imagine B．praise C．help D．research
81．A．nice B．famous C．strange D．old
82．A．learning about B．running after C．taking care of D．keeping up with
83．A．habits B．partners C．roles D．companies
84．A．dressed B．prepared C．organized D．taught
85．A．fun B．hope C．courage D．patience
86．A．allowed B．encouraged C．forced D．invited
87．A．impression B．pressure C．influence D．opinion
88．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Undoubtedly D．Surprisingly
89．A．necessary B．hard C．frightening D．safe
90．A．families B．children C．job D．Study
◎提升练
Passage6
On the first day of school our professor challenged us to get to know a mysterious lady. I stood up to ___91___ when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned round to find a wrinkled, little ___92___ lady beaming up at me with a smile that ___93___up her entire being. She said, “Hi handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a big ___94___ ” I laughed and ___95___ responded, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in ___96___ at such a young age ” I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich ___97___, get married, and have a couple of kids.” “No seriously,” I laughed. We became ___98___ friends.
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to ___99___ at our football banquet. She ___100___ her throat and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old. We ___101___ old because we stop playing. There are only three ___102___to staying young, being happy, and ___103___ success. You have to laugh and find ___104___ every day. You’ve got to have a ___105___. When you ___106___ your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it! Do not have ___107___. The ___108___ usually don't have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who ___109___death are those with regrets.”
At the year’s end, Rose ___110___ the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.
91．A．look around B．turn around C．find out D．see off
92．A．confident B．old C．pretty D．generous
93．A．picked B．lit C．used D．waked
94．A．surprise B．kiss C．hug D．shock
95．A．enthusiastically B．completely C．naturally D．peacefully
96．A．school B．hospital C．prison D．college
97．A．husband B．wife C．teacher D．doctor
98．A．close B．good C．instant D．terrible
99．A．lecture B．speak C．interview D．play
100．A．check B．examine C．test D．clear
101．A．prove B．remain C．grow D．appear
102．A．signs B．signals C．sections D．secrets
103．A．tasting B．achieving C．affecting D．predicting
104．A．anxiety B．benefits C．humor D．failure
105．A．question B．smile C．success D．dream
106．A．lose B．realize C．create D．treasure
107．A．regrets B．things C．degrees D．wonders
108．A．young B．rich C．elderly D．poor
109．A．expect B．face C．challenge D．fear
110．A．started B．finished C．mastered D．promised
Passage7
“Be present.” This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and acceptance. In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a ____111____ sense of attention.
Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be ____112____. That is, as we develop skill in complex tasks, we can perform them with increasing facility until attention seems to be ____113____. Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers to brushing your teeth.
Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. These processes proceed without conscious ____114____. We don’t perform all tasks automatically, but many can be performed this way once they are well ____115____.
To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have ____116____ effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke (窒息) under ____117____”: They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand.
In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts (推球入洞) under different experimental conditions. In one scheme, the golfers were simply ____118____ to pay attention to the swing of their club (球杆) and say “stop” when they finished their swing. In another condition, they were directed to listen for a target sound while ____119____ other noises and say the word “tone” when they heard the target sound.
____120____, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. The effect of paying attention to their swing was so damaging that when they were warming up before the ____121____ began, the golfers actually did better.
Focusing too carefully on the ____122____ of well-practised motor sequences (运动序列) can cause mistakes, which is the important message from this research. ____123____, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment. But there are situations where we should let automaticity ____124____.
The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don’t ____125____ it.
111．A．lowered B．heightened C．typical D．vague
112．A．attentive B．single-minded C．mindless D．cool-headed
113．A．unnecessary B．unrecognizable C．unusual D．unwelcome
114．A．preparation B．decision C．awareness D．reaction
115．A．assigned B．shared C．fulfilled D．practised
116．A．apparent B．moderate C．positive D．damaging
117．A．attack B．development C．pressure D．observation
118．A．commanded B．instructed C．recommended D．challenged
119．A．making B．reducing C．noticing D．ignoring
120．A．Surprisingly B．Instantly C．Unfortunately D．Inevitably
121．A．assessment B．process C．investigation D．experiment
122．A．performance B．consequence C．influence D．automation
123．A．In contrast B．Of course C．On the other hand D．By the way
124．A．take over B．follow on C．hold up D．get away
125．A．highlight B．outperform C．overthink D．underestimate
Passage8
Brave daughter Neve, aged seven, and son Billy, five, save their mum’s life after calling 999 to say “mummy’s dead”. A proud mum was ____126____ by her young kids after she fell down the stairs and knocked herself out. Neve found her phone and ____127____ called 999, while anxious Billy who ____128____ her a blanket as the mum ____129____ unconscious was saying, “My mummy is dead.” Ambulance service chiefs gave a lot of ____130____ to the children, describing Neve as “very brave”.
The mum said she remembered going upstairs at her home in morning, but after that everything went ____131____ and she estimated she had been black out for half an hour. Neve told the operator, “I need ____132____ for my mummy. She’s not awake.” ____133____, Neve was able to give the ambulance service her full ____134____, and counted her mum’s breaths for the _____135_____.
Rebecca, who is diabetic (糖尿病患者) and has had four _____136_____ on her back in the last two years, said, “I’ve always _____137_____ them that if anything happens, this is what they have to do. She listened to everything.” Neve even had the presence of _____138_____ to call a friend of Rebecca’s and a neighbour as the drama _____139_____. “Billy went to get a blanket, he’s a very _____140_____ little boy.”
The mother said it _____141_____ the value of being prepared, and said paramedics (急救人员) were full of praise for Neve and Billy for their incredible _____142_____ to the crisis. An ambulance service spokeswoman said, “We’d like to say a very big well done to the little girl for her _____143_____ thinking to help her mum! We would encourage parents and _____144_____ to teach your children about 999 using our _____145_____ campaign called Little Lifesaver. ”
126．A．rescued B．monitored C．observed D．operated
127．A．secretly B．calmly C．normally D．desperately
128．A．left B．lent C．fetched D．bought
129．A．felt B．slept C．stood D．lay
130．A．permission B．praise C．hesitation D．violence
131．A．open B．virtual C．blank D．available
132．A．help B．award C．love D．care
133．A．Finally B．Gradually C．Directly D．Incredibly
134．A．report B．idea C．address D．principal
135．A．driver B．operator C．service D．hospital
136．A．operations B．debts C．burden D．requirement
137．A．astonished B．pleased C．ordered D．trained
138．A．mind B．mercy C．promise D．spirit
139．A．unpack B．unfolded C．undo D．unsettle
140．A．demanding B．determined C．shy D．caring
141．A．insists B．establishes C．highlights D．replies
142．A．response B．meaning C．sense D．inspiration
143．A．creative B．considerable C．objective D．quick
144．A．teenagers B．guardians C．directors D．assistants
145．A．personal B．selectional C．educational D．Religious
Passage9
Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics. But she is ____146____ as the first women’s luge (无舵雪橇) Olympian from Ireland. She was the 26th to ____147____ the line in the first run of the women’s race on Monday night, ____148____ than any of the other athletes, which did not ____149____ her. She celebrated with a large smile on her face.
Although she did not win in Beijing, she has already won some ____150____. She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start ____151____ at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) ____152____ job with competing in a sport. The biggest difficulty simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization. So, she ____153____ one herself; she had to ____154____.
And now, ____155____, she is a luge Olympian. “I’m a doctor in general surgery, I have all these really visible challenges, but I think everyone has worked as ____156____ as they can to be here.” She has delayed parts of her job to compete in the Olympics, but her ____157____ gave her the time off. And her co-workers are becoming big luge fans, extremely proud of her.
Desmond has ____158____ two demanding jobs: sliding a few months out of the year and living a life in medicine. There was a(n) ____159____ last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders were staying. “I had to ____160____ signs on my door saying ‘Do not disturb, exam in ____161____’ in about six different languages.”
Desmond got the ____162____ of representing her country in Beijing, and being one of two people ____163____ Ireland’s flag during the opening ceremony on Friday. “I don’t think I can ____164____ words how excited I was to lead out the team. I really hope that I can make my country ____165____.”
146．A．visiting B．studying C．leading D．competing
147．A．break B．cross C．follow D．draw
148．A．slower B．tougher C．faster D．easier
149．A．upset B．mean C．threaten D．matter
150．A．diseases B．challenges C．operations D．companions
151．A．swimming. B．sliding C．sailing D．running
152．A．financial B．athletic C．medical D．educational
153．A．started B．stopped C．continued D．joined
154．A．self-respect B．self-discipline C．self-fund D．self-save
155．A．privately B．traditionally C．similarly D．officially
156．A．hard B．apart C．steadily D．quietly
157．A．family B．country C．team D．hospital
158．A．completed B．escaped C．balanced D．refused
159．A．injury B．time C．responsibility D．chance
160．A．stick B．nail C．translate D．prepare
161．A．peace B．need C．progress D．public
162．A．permission B．passion C．inspiration D．honor
163．A．holding B．raising C．preparing D．storing
164．A．put down B．put into C．get in D．get by
165．A．stable B．sacred C．strong D．proud
Passage10
The doctor examined Nuala’s leg. Nuala tried not to cry, but it was a (n) ____166____. Her leg really ached. “How did you ____167____ yourself ” asked the doctor.
“I jumped off a swing,” said Nuala. “Is it ____168____ ”
“It sure is,” said the doctor, holding out the X-ray. “See right here ”
Two hours later, Nuala left the hospital on crutches (拐杖). Her leg was in a cast (石膏). “What will I tell Ms. Chang I shouldn’t have…” She felt a deep ____169____.
Ms. Chang was Nuala’s dance teacher. The spring dance performance was ____170____ two weeks away. Nuala’s cast would be on for at least six weeks!
“She’s going to be so ____171____ with me!” groaned Nuala. But Ms. Chang wasn’t. She said, “We’ll think of something.”
Nuala felt ____172____ going on stage with her crutches. “I look stupid,” she ____173____. “I can’t dance with these.”
“Have you ever heard of the ____174____, ‘The show must go on ’” said Ms. Chang. Together, they _____175_____ the dance. They thought of how Nuala could move to the music. They brainstormed ways for her to dance on _____176_____.
The night of the _____177_____, Ms. Chang almost had to _____178_____ Nuala onto the stage. Nuala’s cast looked _____179_____ and awkward, but she went out and danced. At the end, the audience went wild clapping. They threw roses at Nuala’s feet! The show did _____180_____!
166．A．accident B．challenge C．burden D．escape
167．A．exercise B．protect C．hurt D．remind
168．A．alright B．broken C．complicated D．clear
169．A．loss B．regret C．sorrow D．disappointment
170．A．already B．nearly C．only D．still
171．A．angry B．bored C．careful D．strict
172．A．amazed B．confident C．dangerous D．foolish
173．A．announced B．admitted C．complained D．explained
174．A．expression B．lesson C．rule D．tradition
175．A．improved B．practiced C．replayed D．reviewed
176．A．crutches B．chairs C．hands D