备战2023年高考英语考点微专题（全国通用）考向22 完形填空之人与自然学案（含答案）

考向22 完形填空之人与自然
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真题典例
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Passage1（2022年全国甲卷）
ou can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat.
The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so ___49___ He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ______50______, I began to fall for him.
We ______51______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ______52______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______54______ his house. All worked ______55______. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______56______ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team ______57______ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my ______58______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I ______59______ him to. That’s only for giving ______60______ to the dogs that brought us together.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. B 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 the cat (三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。由本处的“ 7 our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”以及下文“When we paused”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。 故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求婚) (他在求婚吗)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开)”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口，可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，二人成为室友。可以推断出来，因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便，所以建议作者搬过去一起住。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6 , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”和“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B项。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知，作者的狗Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C项。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D项。
Passage2（2020年山东卷）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D
Passage3（2020年6月浙江卷）
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I ___36___ a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its ___37___ , so I jumped out of the tractor to ___38___ it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother ___39___ , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___40___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. ___41___ Don had somehow made the ___42___move.
My heart froze in my chest as I ___43___ the tractor heading towards the ___44___ .I ran desperately but failed to _____45_____. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The _____46_____ thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I _____47_____ the fence and looked over. The tractor was _____48_____against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the _____49_____ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I _____50_____ the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently _____51_____ , and dashed back to me.
The police _____52_____ and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my _____53_____ it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been _____54_____ .Don was given a special _____55_____ that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
37. A. kids B. friends C. owner D. mother
38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into
39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously
42. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove
44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill
45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
46. A. real B. best C. basic D. last
47. A. fixed B. noticed C. reached D. closed
48. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning
49. A. sleep B. long C. rough D. busy
50. A. abandoned B. approached C. recognized D. repaired
51. A. unclean B. uncertain C. unhurt D. unhappy
52. A. arrived B. replied C. survived D. waited
53. A. ability B. dream C. luck D. idea
54. A. common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful
55. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的；B. best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的事情。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定；B. noticed注意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。
52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知是警察到达，处理了情况。故选A。
53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识，动物开车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选A。
Passage4（2019·全国II卷）
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home， following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but， frightened， it had ___44___.
Back home， Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So， four days later， he called his friend Greg， and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw， across a field， the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog， Rosie， but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan， and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___，”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog， I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。
41.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，think about考虑。故选C。
42.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling发抖。故选B。
43.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。
44.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑开”的意思。故选D。
45.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。 根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back向后，回原处。故选C。
47.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，search寻找。故选D。
48.A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened， nervousness， fear等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
49.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy开心。故选B。
50.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise登广告。故选B。
51.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，phone number电话号码。故选B。
52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，call打电话。故选A。
53.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，find找到。故选C。
54.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。
55.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain徒劳。故选D。
56.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，care关心。故选A。
57.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble麻烦。故选B。
58.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort努力。故选C。
59.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to靠近。故选D。
60.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do乐意做某事。故选D。Passage5（2019·全国卷III）
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course， we ___42___ it when the sun is shining，" says Karin Ro， who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___， but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday， residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___， Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other，" Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3，500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___， the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___，” she says， "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
41.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 ， but down in the valley it's darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 put sth to use把某物投入使用。
49.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。
(
经典变式练
（基础练、提升练、真题练）
)
※基础练
Passage1
One of Switzerland’s most popular ski areas has been covering mountain areas with cloth material in an effort to reduce ice melt aver the summer.
Workers have ____1____ large blankets of material around Mount Titlis, a ski area near the Swiss mountain town of Engelberg. The area contains a glacier (冰川) that has been ____2____ large amounts of ice over the past 20 years. The ____3____ cloth, made of a chemical material, is designed to ____4____ the sun. “Putting the blankets ____5____ the glacier provides a natural protective shield,” Gian Darms, who oversees snow conditions and mountain security in the area, explained to Reuters. Decreasing snow cover ____6____ higher temperatures presents a huge ____7____ to ski areas across Europe. Having a glacier can provide some protection from ____8____ change. It can help ____9____ large snow supplies on the mountain year-round. This snow can later be moved to fill in areas where it is needed.
But the Swiss government has ____10____ that 90 percent of the country’s remaining 1,500 glaciers will ____11____ by the end of the century ____12____ nothing is done to cut man-made pollution emissions. Davms said he has had to ____13____ increase the size of the blankets over the glacier in recent years to save what is ____14____. A small group of ____15____ work over five-to-six weeks to cover parts of the glacier. ____16____ the summer, the workers spend weeks removing the ____17____.
Currently, the reflective material covers about 100,000 square meters, which is about the ____18____ of 14 football fields. The blankets help reflect the sun’s energy ____19____ into the atmosphere.
Collected ____20____ is used to fill openings in the glacier that could open up along the area’s ski runs. The snow also helps support lift structures that are fixed into the ice.
1．A．produced B．placed C．transported D．folded
2．A．losing B．gathering C．forming D．breaking
3．A．colorful B．decorative C．fragile D．reflective
4．A．absorb B．block C．explore D．defend
5．A．in B．under C．over D．through
6．A．resulting from B．referring to C．leading to D．benefiting from
7．A．profit B．promise C．threat D．opportunity
8．A．pollution B．climate C．population D．economy
9．A．maintain B．consume C．attract D．reduce
10．A．determined B．doubled C．proposed D．predicted
11．A．emerge B．disappear C．drift D．expand
12．A．unless B．whether C．if D．although
13．A．continually B．thoroughly C．occasionally D．eventually
14．A．melted B．left C．polluted D．removed
15．A．climbers B．scientists C．skiers D．employees
16．A．After B．Before C．Till D．During
17．A．leaves B．ice C．covers D．rubbish
18．A．length B．value C．quantity D．size
19．A．forward B．out C．back D．down
20．A．wood B．cloth C．water D．snow
Passage2
One winter, a homeless dog called Shavi was left to die on the streets of south-west Russia after being ____21____ by a driver. With two broken legs, she was taken to a pet clinic for ____22____ by a volunteer from One Green Planet. After launching an appeal to find someone who could look after Shavi, the vet found Nina who ____23____ her and nursed her back to health, working on regaining her confidence and ____24____.
Due to work commitments, Nina couldn’t keep Shavi and instead found her a new ____25____ 185 miles away, near the Russian border. However, after just a few days, Shavi ____26____ from there.
Two weeks later, while walking along the road outside her home, Nina felt something brush up against her leg. Realizing it was Shavi, she was so ____27____ and excited. The dog had made the almost 200-mile journey back to the woman who had saved her life and legs.
The pair lived together and moved into a bigger apartment so Shavi had plenty of room to play. “Of course, she has now remained with us for good. I would never give this kind of friend away again. ____28____ are the most loyal and loving companions in the world. For every drop of human love, they ____29____ give all of theirs in return, and I know that from personal experience. Shavi is just like a ____30____ to me.” Nina said.
21．A．abandoned B．adopted C．caught D．hit
22．A．treatment B．food C．weekend D．comfort
23．A．collected B．trained C．walked D．visited
24．A．patience B．strength C．growth D．freedom
25．A．friend B．toy C．home D．cage
26．A．recovered B．suffered C．wandered D．disappeared
27．A．annoyed B．relaxed C．shocked D．worried
28．A．Humans B．Volunteers C．Animals D．Drivers
29．A．calmly B．willingly C．bravely D．properly
30．A．beggar B．child C．leader D．stranger
Passage3
My love for animals began through watching wildlife documentaries when I was a kid. I went on to ____31____ Environmental Science at university, and became ____32____ in marine biology when I did my PhD．at the University of Hong Kong. That’s when I ____33____ that there was a possibility to do more for Hong Kong.
I was very lucky to ____34____ Ms. Claire Nouvian when I graduated from my PhD．in 2009. At that time, Claire was ____35____ another non-profit organization, BLOOM Hong Kong, after founding the Bloom Association in France a few years before, and she hired me to work on ____36____ marine conservation. We do this mainly by being research focused, arousing public ____37____, and trying to fill knowledge ____38____. We then share our information with frontline officer, such as fishery managers and customs officers, to help them ____39____ how important their role is in implementing (贯彻执行) regulations to the wildlife trade, and ____40____ suggestions on how to make implementation work more ____41____.
We are sill a city in love with ____42____ and Hong Kong has the second highest annual seafood ____43____ in Asia — but consumers are ____44____ aware of where their seafood comes from and which species are ____45____.
With the marine ecosystem already ____46____, the greatest threat is continued ignorance and inaction. We humans have been a ____47____ part of the problem, but now it is time for us to show that we can also be a part of the ____48____. If each person around us ____49____ their part — even for just one meal a day Hong Kong would already be on its way to making considerable ____50____ towards sustainable seafood consumption.
31．A．appreciate B．choose C．study D．observe
32．A．interested B．skilled C．careful D．experienced
33．A．swore B．realized C．witnessed D．admitted
34．A．meet B．help C．accompany D．obey
35．A．looking into B．leaving for C．working for D．setting up
36．A．reforming B．promoting C．changing D．assessing
37．A．response B．memory C．concern D．worry
38．A．funds B．forms C．levels D．gaps
39．A．understand B．consider C．inform D．announce
40．A．ask B．hear C．accept D．offer
41．A．cautious B．private C．efficient D．admirable
42．A．wildlife B．seafood C．trade D．health
43．A．distribution B．consumption C．occupation D．donation
44．A．hardly B．simply C．exactly D．fully
45．A．adopted B．rejected C．processed D．threatened
46．A．reliable B．hopeless C．fragile D．promising
47．A．unique B．significant C．useless D．conservative
48．A．solution B．conclusion C．procedure D．development
49．A．votes B．sorts C．plays D．limits
50．A．profits B．connection C．mistakes D．Progress
Passage4
I love animals. So when Dr. Vannini said his vet hospital needed help, I was ___51___.
I volunteered to clean up and help in several medical procedures. But the moment I will never ___52___ came when an emergency was rushed through the front door.
A retriever (寻回犬)was in deep ___53___. A check-up revealed that she had a baby developing in her body but no heartbeat could be detected. It was assumed that her puppy (小狗) had not ___54___. The retriever would need immediate ___55___ to save her life. I couldn’t take my eyes off Dr. Vannini’s hands as she stopped the bleeding and repaired the dog’s vital organs.
Near the end of the surgery, something caught my eye. I thought I saw the ___56___ puppy move. I couldn’t keep still and whispered. The puppy had indeed shown a spark (火花) of life! We ___57___ took action. Soon, he was up and moving. It was a(n)___58___ feeling to hold this new life in my hands.
The experience was especially meaningful for me because a week earlier I had witnessed the ___59___, the end of life. My beloved dog, Scamper, finally died of a lifelong weakness of heart. He almost _____60_____ it to six. Scamper was a great dog, a true friend, and I will never forget him. Seeing the new puppy and his mother leave the hospital is something I will never forget either.
51．A．shocked B．puzzled C．delighted D．depressed
52．A．suspect B．forget C．encounter D．seize
53．A．confusion B．thought C．suffering D．sorrow
54．A．survived B．jumped C．barked D．waked
55．A．support B．response C．comfort D．surgery
56．A．homeless B．lifeless C．careless D．faultless
57．A．quickly B．finally C．softly D．roughly
58．A．ashamed B．formal C．bored D．incredible
59．A．event B．growth C．opposite D．accident
60．A．made B．gave C．lifted D．held
Passage5
ohn Owens is a hunter. One day, he had been out with his Dad in the wilderness of Wisconsin. While he had been checking the ____61____ he put in place, the unbelievable happened. It caught something ____62____ than he expected, a huge wolf!
John was in a ____63____ situation. He did not want to leave the wolf on its own. The animal could die from bleeding. The wolf howled (怒号)，and John felt nearly as ____64____ and terrified as the wolf itself! He needed to reach a(n) ____65____
John began to take action. He carried a wooden board and ____66____ for the wolf. ____67____, the board could ____68____ the wolf if it attacked. His dad was there with a gun ____69____ the wolf decided to attack. They prepared themselves for all _____70_____.
There was a helpful hole on the board. Their plan was to put that over the paw (爪子) of the wolf. John then operated the board and then lowered it over its paw. The hole fitted perfectly over the paw. The wolf was _____71_____ and ready to attack. Would it _____72_____ that John was trying to help
With only the board _____73_____ them, John used his free hand and _____74_____ the trap. Finally, he managed to free the wolf’s paw! The wolf stayed for a moment and then walked away.
What a _____75_____!
61．A．boards B．guns C．traps D．holes
62．A．stronger B．wilder C．cleverer D．bigger
63．A．difficult B．joyful C．regretful D．grateful
64．A．cautious B．anxious C．curious D．desperate
65．A．destination B．agreement C．decision D．harmony
66．A．looked B．headed C．arranged D．allowed
67．A．Generally B．Basically C．Definitely D．Hopefully
68．A．resist B．assist C．attack D．rescue
69．A．even if B．in case C．as if D．in order that
70．A．choices B．chances C．possibilities D．responsibilities
71．A．energetic B．aggressive C．exciting D．confused
72．A．figure out B．point out C．let out D．watch out
73．A．detecting B．disturbing C．distinguishing D．separating
74．A．broke B．occupied C．released D．explored
75．A．relief B．belief C．magic D．chance
◎提升练
Passage6
Shakespeare said, “All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players.” ____76____, now it is surprising that dogs are determined to get into that act as well—or at least that was the ____77____ for one homeless dog in the Turkish city of Izmit.
When the dog made his ____78____ during an outdoor performance being given by a local theatrical troupe (剧团), he wasn’t ____79____ applause. It seems that Numan Ertugrul Uzunsoy’s acting of an injured man was so ____80____ that the dog believed the actor was actually hurt and in need of ____81____.
As Uzunsoy lay on the ground feigning (假装) a ____82____ from a horse, the dog came up to him and ____83____ began to lick (舔) his face and neck. It took a few seconds for Uzunsoy to ____84____ what was happening. “I felt warmth on my face. At first, I thought my costar was _____85_____ me,” Uzunsoy said. “I was very _____86_____ when I felt the dog’s kisses... I was very glad. He wanted to _____87_____ me. It was a very emotional and surprising moment for me. I was not _____88_____ it.”
While the audience and cast members were obviously amused by the dog and didn’t mind the _____89_____, the dog was led offstage later. Uzunsoy continued his character and the _____90_____ went on. The dog did not _____91_____ around to take his curtain call. However, since the good dog was known to frequent the area where the performance took place, Uzunsoy was _____92_____ that he would see his unintentional costar again.
Dog-loving Uzunsoy is determined to _____93_____ the sweet-natured dog, so he plans to _____94_____ coming back until he meets his scene-stealing four-legged friend again. Once he does, Uzunsoy promises to make sure this good boy lands a(n) _____95_____ on stage—to be his real costar.
76．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
77．A．case B．habit C．dream D．purpose
78．A．deal B．promise C．entrance D．wish
79．A．cutting down B．taking on C．mixing up D．looking for
80．A．realistic B．amusing C．clumsy D．strange
81．A．guidance B．applause C．comfort D．medicine
82．A．skill B．fall C．turn D．jump
83．A．unwillingly B．violently C．casually D．gently
84．A．explain B．admit C．predict D．realize
85．A．freezing B．bothering C．approaching D．beating
86．A．annoyed B．touched C．embarrassed D．ashamed
87．A．help B．punish C．bite D．join
88．A．appreciating B．expecting C．clarifying D．accepting
89．A．praise B．attention C．rest D．interruption
90．A．show B．joke C．rescue D．visit
91．A．eat B．wait C．sleep D．perform
92．A．astonished B．afraid C．sure D．worried
93．A．find B．pay C．award D．follow
94．A．delay B．avoid C．keep D．imagine
95．A．gift B．accident C．excuse D．role
Passage7
Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in ___96___ the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to ___97___ one sea snail’s memory to another.
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the ___98___between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA．To ___99___ the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so ___100___ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) ___101___ response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and ___102___ it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are ___103___ sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that ___104___ parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.
However, the work has not yet found widespread ____105____. “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the ____106____ of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very ____107____ in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is ____108____. “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”
____109____, Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking ____110____, we need as many new ideas as possible.”
96．A．deleting B．disturbing C．refreshing D．understanding
97．A．transfer B．adjust C．compare D．relate
98．A．connections B．conflicts C．secrets D．distances
99．A．promote B．test C．eliminate D．impose
100．A．sensitive B．adaptable C．strong D．relaxed
101．A．necessary B．peaceful C．unconscious D．impossible
102．A．plunged B．invested C．translated D．injected
103．A．crazily B．dangerously C．scarcely D．equally
104．A．optional B．essential C．memorial D．virtual
105．A．association B．recognition C．innovation D．publication
106．A．depth B．application C．basis D．description
107．A．imaginative B．careful C．ambitious D．speedy
108．A．supported B．persuaded C．unappreciated D．unconvinced
109．A．Nevertheless B．Eventually C．For example D．As a result
110．A．expression B．likelihood C．suspicion D．disturbance
Passage8
In February 1970, a group of activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and ____111____ against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee ____112____ with a monumental line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. The group were so ____113____ the phrase that they named their first boat the Green Peace.
Over the last 50 years, the ____114____ movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its ____115____ go back some way. We have ____116____ green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”.
The human species, which emerged in the green forests and grasslands of Africa about 300, 000 years ago, has a special ____117____ link with green. Our eyes might even have ____118____ specifically to see the green in plants. Unlike most animals, who are red-green colour blind, we humans developed a third cone cell, an additional photoreceptor enabling our ____119____ to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against a backdrop of green leaf, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. In daylight conditions, human eyes are more ______120______ to green than any other colour.
With the rise of farming, we started to use green as a(n) ______121______ for nature and its processes. Archaeologists have recently found an extraordinary store of green jewels in the Levant, ______122______ some 10, 000 years. The researchers believe that these objects, many of which had come from hundreds of miles away at great cost, were chosen because they ______123______ young leaves and might have been used by early farmers to pray for rainfall or fertilise crops.
The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000 B．C．, ______124______ use green as identification for their crops. Egyptian painters often represented their god of ______125______, Osiris — who was responsible for flooding the Nile’s banks, filling the soil with nutrients and pushing the first green shoots up through the fields — as a bright green being.
111．A．bump B．protest C．compete D．insure
112．A．objected B．announced C．responded D．highlighted
113．A．curious about B．familiar with C．shocked at D．fascinated by
114．A．environmental B．revolutionary C．multicultural D．deliberate
115．A．results B．origins C．extremes D．streams
116．A．identified B．recognized C．combined D．illustrated
117．A．physical B．artificial C．biological D．physiological
118．A．engaged B．evolved C．dominated D．exchanged
119．A．pioneers B．seniors C．ancestors D．inspectors
120．A．sensitive B．available C．equivalent D．appropriate
121．A．approach B．symbol C．alternative D．signal
122．A．crossing over B．counting for C．according to D．dating back
123．A．described B．reflected C．interpreted D．resembled
124．A．eventually B．similarly C．consequently D．definitely
125．A．agriculture B．vegetation C．cultivation D．generation
Passage9
One day my daughter brought home four tiny trees from grade school. They had been given to her by the school to ____126____, but none of them looked very ____127____. I planted them in our backyard. Over the years ____128____ soil brought an end to three of them. Only a single evergreen was left.
It grew very slowly. It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side. Eventually it looked more like a fat ____129____ than a tree. I noticed that it was starting to ____130____. The lower branches were becoming ____131____. The needles on the upper branches had turned brown. Only the top third of the tree was still green. Last summer I did my best to ____132____ it by feeding it lots of fertilizer (肥料), but my efforts were in ____133____.
This morning I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down. That would make cleaning the yard ____134____ and I would no longer have to watch it _____135_____ gradually by natural processes. However, I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches. I smiled when I looked at it and realized that maybe this old tree had some life and _____136_____ left in it yet. It was giving a bird a _____137_____ and providing oxygen to the world.
This tree _____138_____ me of something, too. All of our lives have a (an) _____139_____. Until our last _____140_____ here we can help to make this world a better place.
126．A．study B．climb C．plant D．select
127．A．rare B．young C．attractive D．strong
128．A．soft B．poor C．wet D．fresh
129．A．bush B．root C．branch D．trunk
130．A．boom B．bend C．grow D．die
131．A．long B．straight C．bare D．shaky
132．A．save B．protect C．beautify D．sharpen
133．A．relief B．vain C．trouble D．effect
134．A．more tiring B．busier C．more interesting D．easier
135．A．destroyed B．absorbed C．covered D．explored
136．A．lack B．ambition C．heat D．usefulness
137．A．cage B．home C．stage D．room
138．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．rid
139．A．matter B．result C．purpose D．end
140．A．hope B．moment C．chance D．belief
Passage10
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of her country’s persistent (持续的) problems: garbage and poverty (贫困). It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a (n) ____141____ of local snack lovers: Rather than ____142____ your empty chip bags into the trash (垃圾桶), ____143____ them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the ____144____.
Chip eaters drop off their ____145____ bags from Doritos (多力多滋薯片), Lay’s (乐事薯片), and other favorites at two ____146____ in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they ____147____ the chip bags in soapy hot water, they ____148____ them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use soft materials from old coats to line the insides.
It ____149____ about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, _____150_____ whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry _____151_____,” Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has _____152_____ more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, _____153_____ 110 sleeping bags.
Sure, it would be simpler to _____154_____ the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the _____155_____ for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of _____156_____ a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are_____157_____ ourselves to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would otherwise land in the _____158_____ and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problems and poverty often go _____159_____. As Oleita told : “I think it’s time to show _____160_____ between all of these issues.”
141．A．advice B．question C．favor D．permission
142．A．throw B．track C．leak D．lock
143．A．design B．detect C．digest D．donate
144．A．homeless B．disabled C．old D．sick
145．A．heavy B．empty C．luxury D．full
146．A．moments B．decisions C．locations D．conclusions
147．A．clean B．load C．soften D．resolve
148．A．dig B．slice C．lift D．knock
149．A．pays B．takes C．delays D．wastes
150．A．resulting in B．figuring out C．contributing to D．depending on
151．A．out B．around C．over D．on
152．A．reached B．related C．found D．collected
153．A．destroyed B．repaired C．compared D．created
154．A．lose B．lend C．raise D．drop
155．A．goal B．income C．profit D．way
156．A．risking B．recommending C．attaining D．realizing
157．A．driving B．devoting C．enjoying D．encouraging
158．A．store B．trash C．solution D．family
159．A．day after day B．step by step C．face to face D．hand in hand
160．A．generations B．inspirations C．connections D．expectations
¤真题练
Passage1（2022·全国）
（2013·广东·高考真题）Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a ___1___, in number. Human beings are born with this ability. ____2____, experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not ___3___However, if you remove two, the bird ___4___ leaves. This means that the bird knows the ___5___ between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's ___6___ number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not ___7___ until the man left the tower. The man had an ___8___. He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not ___9___ the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was ____10____with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were ____11____. It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were ____12____ able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a____13____group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are ____14____ fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human____15____is not much better than a crow's.
1．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend
2．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
3．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
4．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
5．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
6．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
7．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return
8．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
9．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
10．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
11．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
12．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
13．A．single B．small C．local D．new
14．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
15．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
Passage2
（2015·四川·高考真题）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year, I___16___ feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no__17__ coming up right to me for them. As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no ___18___and didn’t escape. When I threw carrot slices(薄片)，they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to__19__ me, and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.
That second year, the rabbits___20___ me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I was feeding them, I __21__ that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an___22___interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long___23___, with a keen eye on those teeth, and ___24___,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching(津津有味的咀嚼) on carrots. A few months later, while ____25____,she would even turn her back to me.___26___when she was facing away, I reached out and ___27___scratched（搔）her back with my finger, She didn’t move.
By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back. The groundhog ___28___didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back, and I got an idea, I’d always___29___,while slicing up carrots, that the end looked like a cap.____30____one day, just to see what she would do ,I gently ____31____ one on top of the groundhog’s head. Again, not a ____32____ .The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures,____33____she had a slice to eat, she never ____34____ the one of her head. It was a fair ___35___ —I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.
16．A．avoided B．started C．canceled D．suggested
17．A．business B．fun C．problem D．privilege
18．A．help B．cheat C．threat D．exception
19．A．trust B．miss C．admire D．