备战2023年高考英语考点微专题（全国通用）考向24 语法填空之记叙文（含解析）
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| 名称 | 备战2023年高考英语考点微专题（全国通用）考向24 语法填空之记叙文（含解析） |  | |
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考向24 语法填空之记叙文
(
真题典例
)
Passage1（2022年新高考II卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see 40. accidentally
41. and 42. was fixing 43. threw 44. son's 45. how
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
【44题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
【45题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
Passage2（2022年全国甲卷）
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】61. to journey 62. who 63. held 64. A 65. protection
66. meaningful 67. has walked 68. highest 69. from 70. planning
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
【66题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【67题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
【68题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【69题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
Passage3（2021年新高考II卷）
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】36. seventh
37. thinking
38. to educate
39. which##that
40. and 41. harmful
42. excited
43. was 44. representative
45. from
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
Passage4（2021年全国甲卷）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built
in
43. to walk
44. spending
45. better
46. hired
47. but
48. the
49. watchtowers
50. daily
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
【41题】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
【42题】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【44题】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
【45题】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
【46题】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
【47题】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
【50题】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
Passage5（2021年北京卷）
B
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
【答案】14. on 15. where
16. safely
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
(
经典变式练
（基础练、提升练、真题练）
)
※基础练
Passage1
Six weeks before his 97th birthday, Giuseppe Paternò fulfilled the dream of a lifetime: He ____1____ (get) a university degree.
Mr. Paternò’s ____2____ (graduate) has inspired news reports around the world, partly because ____3____ his age. But he has also drawn attention because his life story speaks of commitment, a theme that has resonated (产生共鸣) as millions of schoolchildren in Italy and elsewhere face extraordinary uncertainty during the coronavirus pandemic.
Born in Palermo in 1923, the first of seven children in a “ very poor family ” , Mr. Paternò began working soon after ____4____ (finish) elementary school. It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to his books.
“ His story proves that dreams can come true and that you can remain young — if not in age at least in spirit — if you develop interests. ” said Rosella Cancila, his essay adviser and ____5____ professor of history at the University of Palermo.
Italy’s university system is based on a three-year degree, ____6____ (follow) by a two-year master’s course. University officials are hoping that Mr. Paternò ____7____ (continue) his studies.
He isn’t so sure. “ I have to admit that in this moment, I don’t know ____8____ I would handle it with the same spirit. ” he said, noting that all the attention had been a bit tiring. Still, Mr. Paternò said, he would ____9____ (probable) register anyway. “ I want to keep my _____10_____ (choice) open. ”
Passage2
Most people dream of living in a big expensive house. But Tim Shea just wanted to find a place ___11___ could become his home.
This 70-year-old homeless man had spent several years living on the streets until he became the first resident of a village filled ___12___ 3D- printed little houses.
Shea was chosen to be the first person ___13___(move) into Community First Village , a 51- acre site in Austin, Texas. The small houses in the village , like Shea’s 400-square-foot home, were built by the Austin-based start-up company ICON.
Life wasn't easy for Shea before ____14____ (live) in Community First Village. He lived in an RV(野营车) for most of his life. This made ___15___(he) stay away from people. “ I think from my ____16____(person) experience of my former lifestyle, I developed a shell,” Shea said. “ I didn't feel secure(安心的)and any time I had the opportunity，I would hide.”
Luckily,____17____(thing) changed when Shea got his new house. Since then, he has been meeting new people and making friends. “Now everything I do ____18____(be) just the opposite. I have many activities to do every day with others,” Shea said.
The houses ____19____(design) by ICON have six different layouts (布局). Shea chose a home with an open floor. This way, ____20____ will be easier for him to use his wheelchair.
Passage3
It's a touching Christmas story, but not in the ___21___ (tradition) way. It’s about a seriously ill 5-year-old boy ___22___ died in Santa’s arms in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the United States.
Eric Schmitt-Matzen, 60, a part-time Santa, received a call ___23___ a nurse at a hospital several weeks ago, saying a dying 5-year-old boy wanted to see Santa Claus. Schmitt-Matzen dressed and rushed to the hospital. Walking into the boy’s room, he asked people ___24___ (leave) if they couldn’t hold back their ___25___ (tear). He picked up the boy and held him in his arms.
“They say I’m going to die,” the boy told him ___26___ (sad). “What can I tell them when I get to where I’m going ”
Schmitt-Matzen said. “When you get there, you tell them you’re Santa’s Number One elf (小精灵), and they will let you in.”
The boy asked, “They will ” Then he ___27___(sit) up and gave Schmitt-Matzen a big hug and asked one more question: “Santa, can you help me ” Schmitt-Matzen wrapped his arms around the boy. Before Schmitl-Matzen could say anything, the boy died right there. Santa let the boy stay, hugging and ___28___ (hold) onto him.
Schmitt-Matzen was ___29___ sad that he wanted to cry.
The story was printed, and people were ___30___ (move) when they read it.
Passage4
She was growing up, Camille Roberts always saw science in her future. Her parents are both doctors of chemistry and she wanted to follow ____31____ (they) example by going into research about ____32____ (medical).
The 24-year-old girl says her parents taught her the importance of giving others a hand, so she saw medical research as a way of ____33____ (help) improve society. Looking for education in such a field would ____34____ (probable) lead to a highly-paid job. So, in 2013, Roberts ____35____ (begin) studying biomedical engineering(生物医学工程) at George Washington University in Washington, D．C．During her four years there, she not only volunteered to do something ____36____ (use) in the city, but also worked as an assistant (助手) to several teachers, which introduced her ____37____ more personal ways to help people.
After completing ____38____ series of studies in 2017, Roberts took a research position at the National Institute of Mental Health. But she soon felt deeply unhappy. So in 2018, she was determined ___39___ (take) a job that she felt much more pleasant: teaching.
Many of Roberts’ former classmates and coworkers now have jobs _____40_____ pay them much more than she makes, but Roberts says she would not trade more money for the creativity and purpose she now finds in her work.
Passage5
Khamisi Ally Abdi, a 25-year-old African student in Cangzhou Technical College, Hebei province, has practiced tai chi for two years. Having worshiped kung fu stars such as Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan as a child, the Tanzanian understood Chinese kung fu to be ____41____ fast-paced attack and defense art before he ____42____ (arrive) in China, but now he realizes tai chi is different. It is tai chi moves with balance and deep rhythmic breathing ____43____ allow him to feel the charm of the exercise. It brings peace and ____44____ (calm) to his mind while building his muscles.
The college, as one of International Exchange centers, ____45____ (enroll) (录取) more than 300 international students from over countries since 2016, ____46____ (main) countries along “the Belt and Road”, providing a tai chi course for all foreign students. ____47____ (practice) tai chi has led Abdi to acquire a comprehensive appreciation of this Chinese culture and ideology. He now prefers people ____48____ (call) him by his Chinese name Chen Yanzhi, as the characters of Yanzhi carry the meaning of talented and virtuous. The art has inspired his understanding of China. ____49____ he is longing for is teaching tai chi in his country and he expresses hope that this magical kung fu can be _____50_____ (benefit) to more people.
◎提升练
Passage6
The next morning, the two girls arose early ___51___ (take) the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. ___52___ (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked ___53___ (mass). When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise ___54___ the blue water literally took their breath ___55___ with its exceptional beauty. They ___56___ (spend) the night, and then took ___57___ coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the ___58___ (awesome) journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was ___59___ (be) able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain ___60___ (goat), and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
Passage7
A toy animal might not matter much to the average person, ____61____ for a child, it could mean the world. When 10 year old Leon Ashworth’s mom couldn’t afford ____62____ (buy) him a toy panda he ____63____ (bad) wanted, he wrote a pitiful note on the toy’s box begging other ____64____ (shopper) not to buy it. What happened next____65____ (be) so heartwarming that it would melt you.
The boy, Leon Ashworth, ____66____ lives in Liverpool, England with his mom, first saw his beloved “Pandy” at an Asda supermarket. Though he was willing to wait with ____67____ (patient) until his mom____68____ (pay) on June 15th, the store’s staff decided to do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed Leon’s note. They decided to buy it for him.
____69____ search of the young author, whom they didn’t know at the time, they posted the note on Facebook and eventually attracted the attention of Debbie Ashworth, who immediately recognized her son’s handwriting. The Asda crew invited the mom and her son back to the store, and had a wonderful surprise for them. “This is _____70_____ best day of my life, ” Leon said to his mom excitedly．
Passage8
Taking the volunteer trip to the Wildlife Sanctuary project was something I had wanted to do for several years. Unfortunately, I was busy with work. As ___71___ result, it was always something that I might do eventually rather than actually doing. Then, I decided it had ___72___ (happen) because it was of great importance to me. I made preparations, booked my trip and slightly hesitantly headed off to the airport.
Literally after one day of volunteering, I was already regretting only having two weeks to stay. Every day was amazing and full of wonderful ___73___(experience). The days flew by because we were so busy working on the farm, hanging out and making new friends, and ___74___ (learn) about the wildlife in a hands-on manner. In reality, the actual project was exciting and the people I met were similarly incredible. ___75___ is crazy that in just a few weeks you can develop friendships that seem like you ___76___ (have) for years. Leaving can make people sad, but still, I cannot recommend the trip enough to anyone ___77___ is considering it. I'm sure they will fall in love with it. Besides, volunteering can be really ___78___ (benefit) to people.
___79___ (arrive) home, I always miss my days that were filled with things related to South Africa. I find myself ___80___ (constant) looking back at photos. I look forward to taking another trip.
Passage9
For some US college students, a break from school is a time to volunteer to help communities in need. They take school sponsored (赞助)trips to do voluntary work.
This spring break, I had the opportunity to go on one of these _81_(trip), and it was the best week of my entire life. I went with 12 other students and two adults down to Rocky Mount, North Carolina in the US. We worked on three houses， __82__(build)roofs, painting, and landscaping.
__83__was very rewarding to see how much we were __84__(true)appreciated by the people living in that town. Every time we went out somewhere _85_dinner, we had people come up to us to express their _86_(appreciate). This made us feel really good and _87_ (motivate)us to get more done each day.
The trip wasn't all about work, however; we had an __88__(amaze)group of people who enjoyed one another’s company. We created our own fun, __89__helped us get to know each other well. At the end of the trip, I came home with not only _90_great sense of fulfillment but also 14 really good new friends.
Passage10
Life is often a matter of waiting for the right moment to act. Sun Yang was the first Chinese man ____91____ (win) an Olympic gold medal in swimming. That moment ____92____ (come) last month, when he won the men’s 200-meter freestyle event at the Asian Games.
Sun has accomplished a Golden Grand Slam, having won the 200, 400 and 1, 500-meter freestyle events at the Asian Games, World Championships and Olympic Games. His ____93____ (patient) and persistence have paid off. The 26-year-old swimmer told Xinhua News Agency, “Not many swimmers could have waited for eight years over three Asian Games like me. My dream has ____94____ (final) come true.”
While Sun stood on a podium (领奖台) ____95____ (listen) to the Chinese national anthem (国歌) along with the silver and bronze medal winners, a technical problem caused the medalists’ flags to drop to the ground. Sun jumped off the podium, walked over to the officials and demanded that the flags again. ____96____ the end, the officials held the flags up themselves as China’s national anthem played a second time.
Many Chinese Internet users thought Suns reaction to the incident to be an act of patriotism (爱国主义). “____97____ is great to win the championship, but____98____(see) our national flag go up again is also very important. Winning the title is an achievement ____99____ will be remembered, but raising the flag again is also of great ____100____ (important).”
¤真题练
Passage1（2021年6月浙江卷）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
Passage2（2020·新课标Ⅲ）
In ancient China lived an artist. ___61___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___62___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ___63___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___67___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___68___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. ___69___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
Passage3（2020年北京卷）
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
2. lucky 3. if/whether
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
Passage4（2019·全国卷II）
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
69.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
Passage5（2019·全国卷III）
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
63.【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
参考答案
※基础练
1．got2．graduation3．of4．finishing5．a6．followed
7．will continue8．whether ## if9．probably
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朱塞佩·帕特诺先生在97岁生日前获得了大学学位，并因此引起了较大关注。
1．考查动词时态。句意：在他97岁生日前六周，朱塞佩·帕特诺实现了他一生的梦想：他获得了大学学位。分析句子结构及空前人称代词可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。此处陈述过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，应用动词过去式。get是动词，意为“获得”，其过去式为got。故填got。
2．考查名词。句意：帕特诺先生的毕业激发了世界各地的新闻报道，部分是由于他的年龄。根据空前名词所有格Mr. Paternò’s可知，设空处应用名词作主语。graduate是动词，意为“毕业”，其名词形式是graduation。故填graduation。
3．考查介词及固定搭配。句意：帕特诺先生的毕业激发了世界各地的新闻报道，部分是由于他的年龄。根据空后名词his age可知，设空处应用介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“由于”，后面接名词。故填of。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：帕特诺先生于1923年出生于巴勒莫，是一个“非常贫穷的家庭”中七个孩子中的老大，他在小学毕业后不久就开始工作了。根据空前介词after可知，设空处应用动名词形式。故填finishing。
5．考查冠词。句意：“他的故事可以证明，梦想可以成真，如果你培养兴趣，你可以保持年轻——如果不是年龄，至少在精神上。”他的论文导师、巴勒莫大学历史学教授罗塞拉·坎西拉说。根据空后名词professor可知，设空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且以辅音音素发音，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利的大学系统基于三年制学士学位，然后是两年制硕士课程。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语degree之间的逻辑关系为被动，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填followed。
7．考查动词时态。句意：学校的负责人们希望帕特诺先生继续他的学业。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。根据上文“University officials are hoping that”可知，句子时态为一般将来时。故用will continue。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：“我不得不承认，在这一刻，我不知道是否我会以同样的精神来处理它，”他说，并指出最近的关注让自己有些疲惫。根据空前动词don’t know可知，设空处应用连词引导宾语从句。结合句意，句中缺乏“是否”之意，帕特诺先生不确定是否会以同样的精神处理事情。故填whether或if。
9．考查副词。句意：不过，帕特诺先生说，无论如何，他都会可能入学。分析句子结构，设空处应用副词修饰动词register。故填probably。
10．考查名词复数。句意：我想要保留选择的余地。结合句意，此处表达的选择不仅只有一个，应用名词复数形式。故填choices。
11．that##which12．with13．to move14．living15．him
16．personal17．things18．is19．designed20．it
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了主人公Tim Shea入住3D打印房子村庄后的生活上的变化。
11．考查定语从句。句意：但Tim Shea只是想找到一个可以成为他家的地方。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用连词引导定语从句。由于先行词是a place，此处可用关系代词which或that引导，并在从句中作主语。故填that或which。
12．考查介词。句意：这位70岁的无家可归者在街头生活了几年，直到他成为一个充满3D打印小房子的村庄的第一位居民。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用介词。be filled with为固定短语，意为“充满”。故填with。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：Shea被选为第一个搬家社区第一村的人，这是德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一个51英亩的地方。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语person之间的逻辑关系为主动，且逻辑主语前有the first修饰，设空处应用不定式to do作定语。故填to move。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：在住在社区第一村之前，Shea的生活并不容易。根据空前介词before可知，设空处应用动名词形式。故填living。
15．考查代词。句意：这使得他远离人们。根据空前动词made可知，设空处应用代词的宾格形式作宾语。he为人称代词主格，其宾格为him。故填him。
16．考查形容词。句意：“我认为从我以前的生活方式的个人经历中，我开发了一个外壳”，Shea说。根据空后名词experience可知，设空处应用形容词作定语。person是名词，其形容词形式为personal。故填personal。
17．考查名词的复数。句意：幸运的是，当Shea得到他的新房子时，事情发生了变化。根据空后谓语动词changed可知，设空处应用名词作主语。结合句意，此处表达的应是多种事情，应使用名词的复数形式。故填things。
18．考查动词。句意：现在我所做的一切是恰恰相反的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。根据句中时间状语now，时态为一般现在时，因主语是不定代词everything，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：ICON设计的这个房屋有六种不同的布局。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，且与逻辑主语The houses之间的逻辑关系为主动，应用过去分词形式。故填designed。
20．考查代词。句意：这样，他将更容易使用轮椅。分析句子，句中真正主语为不定式to use his wheelchair，设空处应用代词it作形式主语。故填it。
21．traditional22．who/ that23．From24．to leave25．tears
26．sadly27．Sat28．Holding29．so30．moved
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个令人感动的圣诞节故事。
21．考查形容词。句意：这是一个令人感动的圣诞节故事，但是不是以一种传统的方式。根据句意可知此处应用形容词，traditional传统的。故填traditional。
22．考查定语从句。句意：只是关于一个美国田纳西州诺克斯维尔的一个因病情严重而离世的男孩的故事。根据句意可知此处为定语从句修试先行词boy，且从句中缺主语，故填who/ that。
23．考查介词。句意：六十岁的兼职圣诞老人Eric Schmitt-Matzen几周前收到了来自于一个护士的电话。根据句意可知此处应填from（来自于）。故填From。
24．考查不定式。句意：走进男孩的房间，他请求人们离开，如果他们不能抑制住自己的眼泪的话。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。故填to leave。
25．考查名词单复数。句意：走进男孩的房间，他请求人们离开，如果他们不能抑制住自己的眼泪的话。hold back one’s tears 抑制住眼泪。故填tears。
26．考查副词。句意：男孩伤心地说：她们说我快要死了。此处为副词修饰动词tell。故填sadly。
27．考查一般过去时。句意：随后男孩站了起来，并且给了Schmitt-Matzen一个大大的拥抱。本文主要是叙述过去发生的事情，因此应该使用一般过去时。故填Sat。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：Schmitt-Matzen让小男孩保持着原先的姿势，拥抱着他。此处为and连接的两个并列的现在分词作伴随状语。故填Holding。
29．考查结果状语从句。句意：Schmitt-Matzen如此伤心，以致于都想要痛哭一场。So….that…如此…以致于…。故填so。
30．考查形容词。句意：人们在读这个故事的时候都被感动了。此处的主语为people，因此应用moved感动的。故填moved。
31．their32．medicine33．helping34．probably35．began
36．useful37．to38．a39．to take40．that##which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公卡米尔·罗伯茨的成长历程以及最终的职业选择。
31．考查物主代词。句意：她的父母都是化学博士，她想以他们为榜样，从事医学研究。由空后example为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词的填入。故填their。
32．考查名词。句意：她的父母都是化学博士，她想以他们为榜样，从事医学研究。由空前about为介词可知，此处为名词形式，构成介宾结构，满足句意。故填medicine。
33．考查动名词。句意：这位24岁的女孩说，她的父母告诉她帮助别人的重要性，所以她把医学研究视为帮助改善社会的一种方式。由空前of介词以及空后为help动词形式，可知，此处为动名词形式。构成介宾结构。故填helping。
34．考查副词。句意：在这一领域接受教育可能会得到一份高薪的工作。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词probably修饰动词lead to。故填probably。
35．考查动词。句意：因此，在2013年，罗伯茨开始在华盛顿特区的乔治华盛顿大学学习生物医学工程。根据该句的时间状语in 2013可知，此处为动词的一般过去时态。故填began。
36．考查形容词。句意：在那里的四年里，她不仅志愿在这座城市做一些有用的事情，还为几位老师做助理，这让她学会了更多个人帮助别人的方法。由句意以及空前的something不定代词可知，此处为形容词和不定代词连用时，形容词需要后置，所以该空为形容词useful后置修饰something。故填useful。
37．考查介词。句意：在那里的四年里，她不仅志愿在这座城市做一些有用的事情，还为几位老师做助理，这让她学会了更多个人帮助别人的方法。introduce sb to sth“向某人介绍某物”为固定短语，此处为介词to的填入。故填to。
38．考查冠词。句意：在2017年完成一系列研究后，罗伯茨在美国国家心理健康研究所担任研究职位。由后面的studies名词复数形式可知，此处为a series of“一系列”固定短语，修饰名词复数形式。故填a。
39．考查动词不定式。句意：所以在2018年，她决定接受一份她觉得更愉快的工作：教书。be determined to do“决定做某事”为固定短语，此处为动词不定式形式。故填to take。
40．考查连词。句意：罗伯茨以前的许多同学和同事现在都有了比她收入高得多的工作，但罗伯茨说，她不会用更多的钱来换取她现在在工作中发现的创造力和目标。分析句子可知，此处为关系词that/which引导的限制性定语从句，先行词jobs在从句中作主语成分。故填that/which。
41．a42．arrived43．that44．calmness45．has enrolled
46．mainly47．Practicing48．to call49．What50．beneficial
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了来自非洲的Khamisi Ally Abdi在中国学习期间对太极拳感受颇深的事情。
41．考查冠词。句意：这位坦桑尼亚人从小就崇拜李小龙、成龙等功夫明星，在来到中国之前，他就知道中国功夫是一种快节奏的攻防艺术，但现在他意识到太极是不同的。 attack“攻击”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，fast-paced发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
42．考查动词时态。句意同上。根据“understood”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填arrived。
43．考查强调句。句意：正是太极动作的平衡和有节奏的深呼吸，让他感受到运动的魅力。
强调句型的结构是It is+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分。分析句子可知，被强调部分是“tai chi moves with balance and deep rhythmic breathing ”。故填that。
44．考查名词。句意：它在锻炼肌肉的同时给他的头脑带来安心和平静。and属于并列连词，连接两个并列的成分，peace“安心”是名词，所以空处也应是名词。故填calmness。
45．考查动词时态。句意：学院作为国际交流中心之一，自2016年以来，已招收来自世界各国(主要是“一带一路”沿线国家)的300多名国际学生，为所有外国学生提供太极拳课程。分析句子可知，该句的时间状语是since 2016“自从2016年以来”，该句的谓语应使用现在完成时，因为主语是the college是单数，助动词用has。故填has enrolled。
46．考查形容词。句意同上。空后是countries“国家”是名词，应用形容词来修饰。故填mainly。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：练习太极让阿卜迪对中国的文化和意识形态有了全面的了解。
分析该句可知，已有谓语动词has led，空处需填动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Practicing。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：他现在更喜欢人们用他的中文名字叫他陈延志，因为延志的字有才德之意。prefer sb to do sth译为：更喜欢某人做某事。故填to call。
49．考查主语从句。句意：他所渴望的是在他的国家教太极，他表示希望这种神奇的功夫能够造福于更多人。分析句子可知，主语从句中for后缺少宾语，此处要表示“什么”的意思，那么what符合此意。故填What。
50．考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作表语，be benefical to 译为：对……有好处。故填beneficial。
◎提升练
51．to take52．Seen53．massive54．where55．away
56．spent57．a58．most awesome59．being60．goats
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖路上的风景。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是arose ，此空处需要不定时作目的状语。故填to take。
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是looked，see与其逻辑主语the mountains and forests of Canada 是被动的关系，所以此空处需要过去分词表被动作状语。故填Seen。
53．考查形容词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，looked是系动词，后可接形容词作宾语，mass“大量”是名词，其形容词是massive“大量的；壮观的”，故填massive。
54．考查定语从句。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。分析句子可知，定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词是 Lake Louise 在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
55．考查固定短语。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。固定短语take one's breath away“令某人惊叹不已”。故填away。
56．考查动词时态。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。根据并列连词and后面句子的谓语是took，可知and前面的句子里的谓语也应用一般过去时。故填spent。
57．考查冠词。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。coach“长途汽车”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且coach发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
58．考查形容词最高级。句意：看着美丽的风景，他们都认为这是他们有史以来最棒的一次旅行。空处修饰名词journey，需用形容词作定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填most awesome。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。分析句子结构可知，was是系动词，空处应用动名词短语作表语。故填being。
60．考查名词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。goat为可数名词，前无冠词，应用复数。故填goats。
61．but##yet62．to buy63．badly64．shoppers65．was
66．who67．patience68．was paid69．In70．the
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一家超市的工作人员为一个小男孩买下心爱玩具的暖心故事。
61．考查连词。句意：一只动物玩具对普通人来说可能无足轻重，但对孩子来说，它可能意味着整个世界。根据句意可知，上文“A toy animal might not matter much to the average person”与下文“for a child, it could mean the world”之间有转折关系，用表转折关系的连词but或yet连接。故填but/yet。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：10岁的利昂 阿什沃斯的妈妈因为买不起他非常想要的玩具熊猫，于是他在玩具盒上写了一句可怜的话，恳求其他顾客不要买。afford to do...为固定搭配，意为“买得起”，用不定式作宾语。故填to buy。
63．考查副词。句意：10岁的利昂 阿什沃斯的妈妈因为买不起他非常想要的玩具熊猫，于是他在玩具盒上写了一句可怜的话，恳求其他顾客不要买。根据句意可知，提示词bad修饰动词wanted，应用副词形式badly，意为“很，非常”，表示程度。故填badly。
64．考查名词。句意：10岁的利昂 阿什沃斯的妈妈因为买不起他非常想要的玩具熊猫，于是他在玩具盒上写了一句可怜的话，恳求其他顾客不要买。形容词other修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，所以可数名词shopper应用复数形式。故填shoppers。
65．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来发生的事是如此的温暖，它会融化你的心。分析句子可知，提示词be是主句中连系动词，结合上文可知，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，又因主语“What happened next”是单个从句作主语，所以连系动词be应使用单数形式。故填was。
66．考查定语从句。句意：这个名叫里昂·阿什沃斯的男孩和他的妈妈住在英国利物浦，他第一次看到他心爱的“潘迪”是在阿斯达超市。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该定语从句。故填who。
67．考查名词。句意：虽然他愿意耐心地等到6月15日妈妈拿到工资，但商店职员看到利昂的留言后，做出了非常贴心的决定。介词with后跟名词作宾语。故填patience。
68．考查动词时态和语态。句意：虽然他愿意耐心地等到6月15日妈妈拿到工资，但商店职员看到利昂的留言后，做出了非常贴心的决定。分析句子可知，pay(支付)是从句中谓语动词，与主语his mom之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语his mom是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was paid。
69．考查介词。句意：为了寻找当时还不认识的小留言者，他们把纸条发布在Facebook上，最终引起了黛比·阿什沃斯的注意，她立即认出了儿子的笔迹。in search of...为固定短语，意为“寻找……”，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填In。
70．考查冠词和形容词最高级。句意：这是我人生中最美好的一天。根据句意和空格后最高级形容词best可知，应填入定冠词the构成最高级。故填the。
71．a72．to happen73．experiences74．learning75．It
76．have had77．who78．beneficial79．Having arrived80．constantly
【详解】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为野生动物志愿者的经历以及参加志愿工作之后的感受。
1考查冠词。句意：结果，这总是一些我最终可能会去做的事情，而不是真正去做的事情。根据固定短语as a result（结果）可知，空格处填a 。
2考查固定结构。句意：后来我决定这件事必须发生。根据have to do (必须做，不得不做）可知空格处填to happen。
3考查名词。句意：每一天都是精彩的，充满了奇妙的经历。根据语境可知，有不同的经历，因此要用名词复数。故填experiences。
4考查现在分词。句意：日子过得飞快，我们忙着工作，闲逛，交友，了解野生动物。根据be busy doing (忙于做某事）可知，本句busy后跟四个并列的v+ing形式。即：working，hanging out ， making ，learning 。故空格处填learning。
5考查形式主语。句意：在短短的几周内，你就可以建立起多年的友谊，这真是太疯狂了。本题考查It is +adj +that 从句，其中It是形式主语；that 从句是真正的主语。故填It。
6考查时态。句意：在短短的几周内，你就可以建立起多年的友谊，这真是太疯狂了。that seem like you ...... (have) for years是定语从句，先行词是friendships。根据 for years可知本句要用现在完成时。故填have had。
7考查关系代词。句意：我还是向任何有此意愿者强烈推荐这次旅游。cannot ...... enough (再......也不过分），anyone后习惯跟who引导的定语从句。故填who。
8考查形容词。句意：志愿工作对人们真的是有益的。根据be beneficial to （对......有益）可知空格处填beneficial。
9考查非谓语动词。句意：回家以后，我总是怀念那些与南非有关的事情的日子。空格处是状语，要用非谓语动词。arrive的动作在miss之前，而且和主语I是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式。故填Having arrived。
10考查副词。句意：我发现自己不停地翻看照片。空格处的词是修饰looking back ，因此要用副词。故填constantly。
81．trips82．building83．It84．truly85．for86．appreciation
87．motivated88．amazing89．which90．a
【分析】本文为记叙文。本文记叙了作者作为一名美国大学生，在假期做志愿者活动的同时，为当地人做许多有益的事，还有机会旅行，交新朋友。这种志愿者活动让他们有一种巨大的成就感觉。
81．考查语境及名词。句意：这个春假，我有机会去旅行，这是我一生中最好的一周。trip前被these修饰，所以要用复数形式，故填trips。
82．考查语境及非谓语。句意：我们建造了三栋房子，造屋顶，油漆和美化。worked on后面有三个宾语，on为介词，以及后面painting, and landscaping. 可知，此处要用动词的ing形式，故填building。
83．考查语境及It 形式主语。句意：看到生活在那个镇上的人们对我们的赞赏是多么的值得。分析句子可知，此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填It。
84．考查副词作状语。句意：看到生活在那个镇上的人们对我们的赞赏是多么的值得。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作状语，修饰动词appreciated，修饰动词要用副词，故填truly。
85．考查语境。句意：每次我们出去吃饭的时候，都会有人来表达他们的感激之情。根据语境可知，此处是指出去的是为了（for）吃饭，故填for。
86．考查语境及名词。句意：每次我们出去吃饭的时候，都会有人来表达他们的感激之情。分析句子可知，本空前有形容词their（他们的），且作动词express的宾语，要用名词，故填appreciation。
87．考查一般过去时。句意：这让我们感觉很好，激励我们每天做更多的事情。分析句子可知，本空在句中与made一起作并列谓语，motivate的主语是this，二者是主动关系，本文叙述的是过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，故填motivated。
88．考查形容词作定语。句意：我们有一群令人惊奇的人喜欢彼此陪伴。分析句子可知，本空在句中修饰group of people,修饰名词要用形容词词，根据语境可知，此处是“令人惊奇的”，故填 amazing。
89．考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：我们给自己制造乐趣，这有助于我们相互了解。分析句子可知，本空格指代“We created our own fun,”，指代一整个句子要用关系词which，故填which。
90．考查不定冠词及固定搭配。句意：旅行结束后，我回到家，不仅有一种成就感，还交了14个新朋友。“a sense of fulfillment ”为固定搭配，意为“一种成就感觉”，故填 a。
91．to win92．came93．patience94．finally95．listening
96．In97．It98．seeing99．that##which100．importance
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。生命就是一个等待正确时刻去做出决定的过程。文章主要讲述了在奥运会上金牌获得者孙杨要求官员把掉下来的国旗再次升起的事情，表现了他的爱国之心。
91．考查不定式作定语。句式the first to do sth.“第一个做…的人”,to do作定语。孙杨是第一个赢得奥运会游泳金牌的人。故填to win。
92．考查时态。时态是一般过去时，谓语动词come过去式是came，故填came。
93．考查名词。His“他的”，形容词性物主代词，后接名词。他的耐心和坚持得到回报了。故填patience。
94．考查副词。此处副词finally修饰谓语动词短语come true“实现”。我的梦想最终实现了。
95．考查非谓语动词。主语Sun与listen之间逻辑上是主谓关系，非谓语doing形式表示主动和正在进行，故填listening。当孙杨站在台上听着国歌时。
96．考查固定搭配。短语in the end“最后，结果”。最后，当中国国歌第二次升起来时，官员们自己举着中国的国旗。故填In。
97．考查It作形式主语。常用句式It+be+adj.+to do sth.“做...是...”，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.部分。赢得冠军是很棒。故填It。
98．考查动名词做主语。谓语动词是is，see属于主语部分，用动名词形式。看着我们的国旗第二次升起也是非常重要的。故填seeing。
99．考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句先行词是achievement ，是物，引导词在从句中充当主语，故用that/which。赢得称号是一种将被记住的成就。
100．考查名词。此处在介词of后用名词，故填importance。但再次升起国旗也是十分重要的。
【点睛】It作形式主语的常见结构：
It+ be+形容词+that从句。常用于此的形容词有：necessary, clear, strange, true, important, possible, surprising, likely等。
It+ be+过去分词+that从句。常用于此的过去分词有：said, reported, hoped, believed, known, expected等。
It+ seems/ happens/ appears/ doesn’t matter/ makes no difference +that/ whether从句。
¤真题练
Passage1
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 37.for 38. marriage 39. smaller 40. was painted
41. herself 42. neither 43. to plant 44. The 45. sold
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
【36题】考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
【37题】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
【38题】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【39题】考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
【40题】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【41题】考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
【42题】考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
【44题】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
【45题】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
Passage2（2020·新课标Ⅲ）
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
Passage3（2020年北京卷）
A
【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
2. lucky 3. if/whether
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
Passage4（2019·全国卷II）
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查动词时态
(
真题典例
)
Passage1（2022年新高考II卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see 40. accidentally
41. and 42. was fixing 43. threw 44. son's 45. how
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
【44题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
【45题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
Passage2（2022年全国甲卷）
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】61. to journey 62. who 63. held 64. A 65. protection
66. meaningful 67. has walked 68. highest 69. from 70. planning
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
【66题详解】
考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【67题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
【68题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【69题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
Passage3（2021年新高考II卷）
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】36. seventh
37. thinking
38. to educate
39. which##that
40. and 41. harmful
42. excited
43. was 44. representative
45. from
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
Passage4（2021年全国甲卷）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built
in
43. to walk
44. spending
45. better
46. hired
47. but
48. the
49. watchtowers
50. daily
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
【41题】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
【42题】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【44题】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
【45题】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
【46题】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
【47题】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
【50题】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
Passage5（2021年北京卷）
B
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
【答案】14. on 15. where
16. safely
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
(
经典变式练
（基础练、提升练、真题练）
)
※基础练
Passage1
Six weeks before his 97th birthday, Giuseppe Paternò fulfilled the dream of a lifetime: He ____1____ (get) a university degree.
Mr. Paternò’s ____2____ (graduate) has inspired news reports around the world, partly because ____3____ his age. But he has also drawn attention because his life story speaks of commitment, a theme that has resonated (产生共鸣) as millions of schoolchildren in Italy and elsewhere face extraordinary uncertainty during the coronavirus pandemic.
Born in Palermo in 1923, the first of seven children in a “ very poor family ” , Mr. Paternò began working soon after ____4____ (finish) elementary school. It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to his books.
“ His story proves that dreams can come true and that you can remain young — if not in age at least in spirit — if you develop interests. ” said Rosella Cancila, his essay adviser and ____5____ professor of history at the University of Palermo.
Italy’s university system is based on a three-year degree, ____6____ (follow) by a two-year master’s course. University officials are hoping that Mr. Paternò ____7____ (continue) his studies.
He isn’t so sure. “ I have to admit that in this moment, I don’t know ____8____ I would handle it with the same spirit. ” he said, noting that all the attention had been a bit tiring. Still, Mr. Paternò said, he would ____9____ (probable) register anyway. “ I want to keep my _____10_____ (choice) open. ”
Passage2
Most people dream of living in a big expensive house. But Tim Shea just wanted to find a place ___11___ could become his home.
This 70-year-old homeless man had spent several years living on the streets until he became the first resident of a village filled ___12___ 3D- printed little houses.
Shea was chosen to be the first person ___13___(move) into Community First Village , a 51- acre site in Austin, Texas. The small houses in the village , like Shea’s 400-square-foot home, were built by the Austin-based start-up company ICON.
Life wasn't easy for Shea before ____14____ (live) in Community First Village. He lived in an RV(野营车) for most of his life. This made ___15___(he) stay away from people. “ I think from my ____16____(person) experience of my former lifestyle, I developed a shell,” Shea said. “ I didn't feel secure(安心的)and any time I had the opportunity，I would hide.”
Luckily,____17____(thing) changed when Shea got his new house. Since then, he has been meeting new people and making friends. “Now everything I do ____18____(be) just the opposite. I have many activities to do every day with others,” Shea said.
The houses ____19____(design) by ICON have six different layouts (布局). Shea chose a home with an open floor. This way, ____20____ will be easier for him to use his wheelchair.
Passage3
It's a touching Christmas story, but not in the ___21___ (tradition) way. It’s about a seriously ill 5-year-old boy ___22___ died in Santa’s arms in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the United States.
Eric Schmitt-Matzen, 60, a part-time Santa, received a call ___23___ a nurse at a hospital several weeks ago, saying a dying 5-year-old boy wanted to see Santa Claus. Schmitt-Matzen dressed and rushed to the hospital. Walking into the boy’s room, he asked people ___24___ (leave) if they couldn’t hold back their ___25___ (tear). He picked up the boy and held him in his arms.
“They say I’m going to die,” the boy told him ___26___ (sad). “What can I tell them when I get to where I’m going ”
Schmitt-Matzen said. “When you get there, you tell them you’re Santa’s Number One elf (小精灵), and they will let you in.”
The boy asked, “They will ” Then he ___27___(sit) up and gave Schmitt-Matzen a big hug and asked one more question: “Santa, can you help me ” Schmitt-Matzen wrapped his arms around the boy. Before Schmitl-Matzen could say anything, the boy died right there. Santa let the boy stay, hugging and ___28___ (hold) onto him.
Schmitt-Matzen was ___29___ sad that he wanted to cry.
The story was printed, and people were ___30___ (move) when they read it.
Passage4
She was growing up, Camille Roberts always saw science in her future. Her parents are both doctors of chemistry and she wanted to follow ____31____ (they) example by going into research about ____32____ (medical).
The 24-year-old girl says her parents taught her the importance of giving others a hand, so she saw medical research as a way of ____33____ (help) improve society. Looking for education in such a field would ____34____ (probable) lead to a highly-paid job. So, in 2013, Roberts ____35____ (begin) studying biomedical engineering(生物医学工程) at George Washington University in Washington, D．C．During her four years there, she not only volunteered to do something ____36____ (use) in the city, but also worked as an assistant (助手) to several teachers, which introduced her ____37____ more personal ways to help people.
After completing ____38____ series of studies in 2017, Roberts took a research position at the National Institute of Mental Health. But she soon felt deeply unhappy. So in 2018, she was determined ___39___ (take) a job that she felt much more pleasant: teaching.
Many of Roberts’ former classmates and coworkers now have jobs _____40_____ pay them much more than she makes, but Roberts says she would not trade more money for the creativity and purpose she now finds in her work.
Passage5
Khamisi Ally Abdi, a 25-year-old African student in Cangzhou Technical College, Hebei province, has practiced tai chi for two years. Having worshiped kung fu stars such as Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan as a child, the Tanzanian understood Chinese kung fu to be ____41____ fast-paced attack and defense art before he ____42____ (arrive) in China, but now he realizes tai chi is different. It is tai chi moves with balance and deep rhythmic breathing ____43____ allow him to feel the charm of the exercise. It brings peace and ____44____ (calm) to his mind while building his muscles.
The college, as one of International Exchange centers, ____45____ (enroll) (录取) more than 300 international students from over countries since 2016, ____46____ (main) countries along “the Belt and Road”, providing a tai chi course for all foreign students. ____47____ (practice) tai chi has led Abdi to acquire a comprehensive appreciation of this Chinese culture and ideology. He now prefers people ____48____ (call) him by his Chinese name Chen Yanzhi, as the characters of Yanzhi carry the meaning of talented and virtuous. The art has inspired his understanding of China. ____49____ he is longing for is teaching tai chi in his country and he expresses hope that this magical kung fu can be _____50_____ (benefit) to more people.
◎提升练
Passage6
The next morning, the two girls arose early ___51___ (take) the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. ___52___ (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked ___53___ (mass). When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise ___54___ the blue water literally took their breath ___55___ with its exceptional beauty. They ___56___ (spend) the night, and then took ___57___ coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the ___58___ (awesome) journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was ___59___ (be) able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain ___60___ (goat), and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
Passage7
A toy animal might not matter much to the average person, ____61____ for a child, it could mean the world. When 10 year old Leon Ashworth’s mom couldn’t afford ____62____ (buy) him a toy panda he ____63____ (bad) wanted, he wrote a pitiful note on the toy’s box begging other ____64____ (shopper) not to buy it. What happened next____65____ (be) so heartwarming that it would melt you.
The boy, Leon Ashworth, ____66____ lives in Liverpool, England with his mom, first saw his beloved “Pandy” at an Asda supermarket. Though he was willing to wait with ____67____ (patient) until his mom____68____ (pay) on June 15th, the store’s staff decided to do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed Leon’s note. They decided to buy it for him.
____69____ search of the young author, whom they didn’t know at the time, they posted the note on Facebook and eventually attracted the attention of Debbie Ashworth, who immediately recognized her son’s handwriting. The Asda crew invited the mom and her son back to the store, and had a wonderful surprise for them. “This is _____70_____ best day of my life, ” Leon said to his mom excitedly．
Passage8
Taking the volunteer trip to the Wildlife Sanctuary project was something I had wanted to do for several years. Unfortunately, I was busy with work. As ___71___ result, it was always something that I might do eventually rather than actually doing. Then, I decided it had ___72___ (happen) because it was of great importance to me. I made preparations, booked my trip and slightly hesitantly headed off to the airport.
Literally after one day of volunteering, I was already regretting only having two weeks to stay. Every day was amazing and full of wonderful ___73___(experience). The days flew by because we were so busy working on the farm, hanging out and making new friends, and ___74___ (learn) about the wildlife in a hands-on manner. In reality, the actual project was exciting and the people I met were similarly incredible. ___75___ is crazy that in just a few weeks you can develop friendships that seem like you ___76___ (have) for years. Leaving can make people sad, but still, I cannot recommend the trip enough to anyone ___77___ is considering it. I'm sure they will fall in love with it. Besides, volunteering can be really ___78___ (benefit) to people.
___79___ (arrive) home, I always miss my days that were filled with things related to South Africa. I find myself ___80___ (constant) looking back at photos. I look forward to taking another trip.
Passage9
For some US college students, a break from school is a time to volunteer to help communities in need. They take school sponsored (赞助)trips to do voluntary work.
This spring break, I had the opportunity to go on one of these _81_(trip), and it was the best week of my entire life. I went with 12 other students and two adults down to Rocky Mount, North Carolina in the US. We worked on three houses， __82__(build)roofs, painting, and landscaping.
__83__was very rewarding to see how much we were __84__(true)appreciated by the people living in that town. Every time we went out somewhere _85_dinner, we had people come up to us to express their _86_(appreciate). This made us feel really good and _87_ (motivate)us to get more done each day.
The trip wasn't all about work, however; we had an __88__(amaze)group of people who enjoyed one another’s company. We created our own fun, __89__helped us get to know each other well. At the end of the trip, I came home with not only _90_great sense of fulfillment but also 14 really good new friends.
Passage10
Life is often a matter of waiting for the right moment to act. Sun Yang was the first Chinese man ____91____ (win) an Olympic gold medal in swimming. That moment ____92____ (come) last month, when he won the men’s 200-meter freestyle event at the Asian Games.
Sun has accomplished a Golden Grand Slam, having won the 200, 400 and 1, 500-meter freestyle events at the Asian Games, World Championships and Olympic Games. His ____93____ (patient) and persistence have paid off. The 26-year-old swimmer told Xinhua News Agency, “Not many swimmers could have waited for eight years over three Asian Games like me. My dream has ____94____ (final) come true.”
While Sun stood on a podium (领奖台) ____95____ (listen) to the Chinese national anthem (国歌) along with the silver and bronze medal winners, a technical problem caused the medalists’ flags to drop to the ground. Sun jumped off the podium, walked over to the officials and demanded that the flags again. ____96____ the end, the officials held the flags up themselves as China’s national anthem played a second time.
Many Chinese Internet users thought Suns reaction to the incident to be an act of patriotism (爱国主义). “____97____ is great to win the championship, but____98____(see) our national flag go up again is also very important. Winning the title is an achievement ____99____ will be remembered, but raising the flag again is also of great ____100____ (important).”
¤真题练
Passage1（2021年6月浙江卷）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
Passage2（2020·新课标Ⅲ）
In ancient China lived an artist. ___61___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___62___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ___63___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___67___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___68___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. ___69___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
Passage3（2020年北京卷）
A
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
2. lucky 3. if/whether
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
Passage4（2019·全国卷II）
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
69.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
Passage5（2019·全国卷III）
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
63.【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
参考答案
※基础练
1．got2．graduation3．of4．finishing5．a6．followed
7．will continue8．whether ## if9．probably
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朱塞佩·帕特诺先生在97岁生日前获得了大学学位，并因此引起了较大关注。
1．考查动词时态。句意：在他97岁生日前六周，朱塞佩·帕特诺实现了他一生的梦想：他获得了大学学位。分析句子结构及空前人称代词可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。此处陈述过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，应用动词过去式。get是动词，意为“获得”，其过去式为got。故填got。
2．考查名词。句意：帕特诺先生的毕业激发了世界各地的新闻报道，部分是由于他的年龄。根据空前名词所有格Mr. Paternò’s可知，设空处应用名词作主语。graduate是动词，意为“毕业”，其名词形式是graduation。故填graduation。
3．考查介词及固定搭配。句意：帕特诺先生的毕业激发了世界各地的新闻报道，部分是由于他的年龄。根据空后名词his age可知，设空处应用介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“由于”，后面接名词。故填of。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：帕特诺先生于1923年出生于巴勒莫，是一个“非常贫穷的家庭”中七个孩子中的老大，他在小学毕业后不久就开始工作了。根据空前介词after可知，设空处应用动名词形式。故填finishing。
5．考查冠词。句意：“他的故事可以证明，梦想可以成真，如果你培养兴趣，你可以保持年轻——如果不是年龄，至少在精神上。”他的论文导师、巴勒莫大学历史学教授罗塞拉·坎西拉说。根据空后名词professor可知，设空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且以辅音音素发音，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利的大学系统基于三年制学士学位，然后是两年制硕士课程。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语degree之间的逻辑关系为被动，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填followed。
7．考查动词时态。句意：学校的负责人们希望帕特诺先生继续他的学业。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。根据上文“University officials are hoping that”可知，句子时态为一般将来时。故用will continue。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：“我不得不承认，在这一刻，我不知道是否我会以同样的精神来处理它，”他说，并指出最近的关注让自己有些疲惫。根据空前动词don’t know可知，设空处应用连词引导宾语从句。结合句意，句中缺乏“是否”之意，帕特诺先生不确定是否会以同样的精神处理事情。故填whether或if。
9．考查副词。句意：不过，帕特诺先生说，无论如何，他都会可能入学。分析句子结构，设空处应用副词修饰动词register。故填probably。
10．考查名词复数。句意：我想要保留选择的余地。结合句意，此处表达的选择不仅只有一个，应用名词复数形式。故填choices。
11．that##which12．with13．to move14．living15．him
16．personal17．things18．is19．designed20．it
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了主人公Tim Shea入住3D打印房子村庄后的生活上的变化。
11．考查定语从句。句意：但Tim Shea只是想找到一个可以成为他家的地方。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用连词引导定语从句。由于先行词是a place，此处可用关系代词which或that引导，并在从句中作主语。故填that或which。
12．考查介词。句意：这位70岁的无家可归者在街头生活了几年，直到他成为一个充满3D打印小房子的村庄的第一位居民。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用介词。be filled with为固定短语，意为“充满”。故填with。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：Shea被选为第一个搬家社区第一村的人，这是德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一个51英亩的地方。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语person之间的逻辑关系为主动，且逻辑主语前有the first修饰，设空处应用不定式to do作定语。故填to move。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：在住在社区第一村之前，Shea的生活并不容易。根据空前介词before可知，设空处应用动名词形式。故填living。
15．考查代词。句意：这使得他远离人们。根据空前动词made可知，设空处应用代词的宾格形式作宾语。he为人称代词主格，其宾格为him。故填him。
16．考查形容词。句意：“我认为从我以前的生活方式的个人经历中，我开发了一个外壳”，Shea说。根据空后名词experience可知，设空处应用形容词作定语。person是名词，其形容词形式为personal。故填personal。
17．考查名词的复数。句意：幸运的是，当Shea得到他的新房子时，事情发生了变化。根据空后谓语动词changed可知，设空处应用名词作主语。结合句意，此处表达的应是多种事情，应使用名词的复数形式。故填things。
18．考查动词。句意：现在我所做的一切是恰恰相反的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。根据句中时间状语now，时态为一般现在时，因主语是不定代词everything，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：ICON设计的这个房屋有六种不同的布局。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，且与逻辑主语The houses之间的逻辑关系为主动，应用过去分词形式。故填designed。
20．考查代词。句意：这样，他将更容易使用轮椅。分析句子，句中真正主语为不定式to use his wheelchair，设空处应用代词it作形式主语。故填it。
21．traditional22．who/ that23．From24．to leave25．tears
26．sadly27．Sat28．Holding29．so30．moved
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个令人感动的圣诞节故事。
21．考查形容词。句意：这是一个令人感动的圣诞节故事，但是不是以一种传统的方式。根据句意可知此处应用形容词，traditional传统的。故填traditional。
22．考查定语从句。句意：只是关于一个美国田纳西州诺克斯维尔的一个因病情严重而离世的男孩的故事。根据句意可知此处为定语从句修试先行词boy，且从句中缺主语，故填who/ that。
23．考查介词。句意：六十岁的兼职圣诞老人Eric Schmitt-Matzen几周前收到了来自于一个护士的电话。根据句意可知此处应填from（来自于）。故填From。
24．考查不定式。句意：走进男孩的房间，他请求人们离开，如果他们不能抑制住自己的眼泪的话。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。故填to leave。
25．考查名词单复数。句意：走进男孩的房间，他请求人们离开，如果他们不能抑制住自己的眼泪的话。hold back one’s tears 抑制住眼泪。故填tears。
26．考查副词。句意：男孩伤心地说：她们说我快要死了。此处为副词修饰动词tell。故填sadly。
27．考查一般过去时。句意：随后男孩站了起来，并且给了Schmitt-Matzen一个大大的拥抱。本文主要是叙述过去发生的事情，因此应该使用一般过去时。故填Sat。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：Schmitt-Matzen让小男孩保持着原先的姿势，拥抱着他。此处为and连接的两个并列的现在分词作伴随状语。故填Holding。
29．考查结果状语从句。句意：Schmitt-Matzen如此伤心，以致于都想要痛哭一场。So….that…如此…以致于…。故填so。
30．考查形容词。句意：人们在读这个故事的时候都被感动了。此处的主语为people，因此应用moved感动的。故填moved。
31．their32．medicine33．helping34．probably35．began
36．useful37．to38．a39．to take40．that##which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公卡米尔·罗伯茨的成长历程以及最终的职业选择。
31．考查物主代词。句意：她的父母都是化学博士，她想以他们为榜样，从事医学研究。由空后example为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词的填入。故填their。
32．考查名词。句意：她的父母都是化学博士，她想以他们为榜样，从事医学研究。由空前about为介词可知，此处为名词形式，构成介宾结构，满足句意。故填medicine。
33．考查动名词。句意：这位24岁的女孩说，她的父母告诉她帮助别人的重要性，所以她把医学研究视为帮助改善社会的一种方式。由空前of介词以及空后为help动词形式，可知，此处为动名词形式。构成介宾结构。故填helping。
34．考查副词。句意：在这一领域接受教育可能会得到一份高薪的工作。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词probably修饰动词lead to。故填probably。
35．考查动词。句意：因此，在2013年，罗伯茨开始在华盛顿特区的乔治华盛顿大学学习生物医学工程。根据该句的时间状语in 2013可知，此处为动词的一般过去时态。故填began。
36．考查形容词。句意：在那里的四年里，她不仅志愿在这座城市做一些有用的事情，还为几位老师做助理，这让她学会了更多个人帮助别人的方法。由句意以及空前的something不定代词可知，此处为形容词和不定代词连用时，形容词需要后置，所以该空为形容词useful后置修饰something。故填useful。
37．考查介词。句意：在那里的四年里，她不仅志愿在这座城市做一些有用的事情，还为几位老师做助理，这让她学会了更多个人帮助别人的方法。introduce sb to sth“向某人介绍某物”为固定短语，此处为介词to的填入。故填to。
38．考查冠词。句意：在2017年完成一系列研究后，罗伯茨在美国国家心理健康研究所担任研究职位。由后面的studies名词复数形式可知，此处为a series of“一系列”固定短语，修饰名词复数形式。故填a。
39．考查动词不定式。句意：所以在2018年，她决定接受一份她觉得更愉快的工作：教书。be determined to do“决定做某事”为固定短语，此处为动词不定式形式。故填to take。
40．考查连词。句意：罗伯茨以前的许多同学和同事现在都有了比她收入高得多的工作，但罗伯茨说，她不会用更多的钱来换取她现在在工作中发现的创造力和目标。分析句子可知，此处为关系词that/which引导的限制性定语从句，先行词jobs在从句中作主语成分。故填that/which。
41．a42．arrived43．that44．calmness45．has enrolled
46．mainly47．Practicing48．to call49．What50．beneficial
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了来自非洲的Khamisi Ally Abdi在中国学习期间对太极拳感受颇深的事情。
41．考查冠词。句意：这位坦桑尼亚人从小就崇拜李小龙、成龙等功夫明星，在来到中国之前，他就知道中国功夫是一种快节奏的攻防艺术，但现在他意识到太极是不同的。 attack“攻击”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，fast-paced发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
42．考查动词时态。句意同上。根据“understood”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填arrived。
43．考查强调句。句意：正是太极动作的平衡和有节奏的深呼吸，让他感受到运动的魅力。
强调句型的结构是It is+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分。分析句子可知，被强调部分是“tai chi moves with balance and deep rhythmic breathing ”。故填that。
44．考查名词。句意：它在锻炼肌肉的同时给他的头脑带来安心和平静。and属于并列连词，连接两个并列的成分，peace“安心”是名词，所以空处也应是名词。故填calmness。
45．考查动词时态。句意：学院作为国际交流中心之一，自2016年以来，已招收来自世界各国(主要是“一带一路”沿线国家)的300多名国际学生，为所有外国学生提供太极拳课程。分析句子可知，该句的时间状语是since 2016“自从2016年以来”，该句的谓语应使用现在完成时，因为主语是the college是单数，助动词用has。故填has enrolled。
46．考查形容词。句意同上。空后是countries“国家”是名词，应用形容词来修饰。故填mainly。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：练习太极让阿卜迪对中国的文化和意识形态有了全面的了解。
分析该句可知，已有谓语动词has led，空处需填动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Practicing。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：他现在更喜欢人们用他的中文名字叫他陈延志，因为延志的字有才德之意。prefer sb to do sth译为：更喜欢某人做某事。故填to call。
49．考查主语从句。句意：他所渴望的是在他的国家教太极，他表示希望这种神奇的功夫能够造福于更多人。分析句子可知，主语从句中for后缺少宾语，此处要表示“什么”的意思，那么what符合此意。故填What。
50．考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作表语，be benefical to 译为：对……有好处。故填beneficial。
◎提升练
51．to take52．Seen53．massive54．where55．away
56．spent57．a58．most awesome59．being60．goats
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖路上的风景。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是arose ，此空处需要不定时作目的状语。故填to take。
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是looked，see与其逻辑主语the mountains and forests of Canada 是被动的关系，所以此空处需要过去分词表被动作状语。故填Seen。
53．考查形容词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，looked是系动词，后可接形容词作宾语，mass“大量”是名词，其形容词是massive“大量的；壮观的”，故填massive。
54．考查定语从句。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。分析句子可知，定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词是 Lake Louise 在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
55．考查固定短语。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。固定短语take one's breath away“令某人惊叹不已”。故填away。
56．考查动词时态。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。根据并列连词and后面句子的谓语是took，可知and前面的句子里的谓语也应用一般过去时。故填spent。
57．考查冠词。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。coach“长途汽车”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且coach发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
58．考查形容词最高级。句意：看着美丽的风景，他们都认为这是他们有史以来最棒的一次旅行。空处修饰名词journey，需用形容词作定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填most awesome。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。分析句子结构可知，was是系动词，空处应用动名词短语作表语。故填being。
60．考查名词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。goat为可数名词，前无冠词，应用复数。故填goats。
61．but##yet62．to buy63．badly64．shoppers65．was
66．who67．patience68．was paid69．In70．the
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一家超市的工作人员为一个小男孩买下心爱玩具的暖心故事。
61．考查连词。句意：一只动物玩具对普通人来说可能无足轻重，但对孩子来说，它可能意味着整个世界。根据句意可知，上文“A toy animal might not matter much to the average person”与下文“for a child, it could mean the world”之间有转折关系，用表转折关系的连词but或yet连接。故填but/yet。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：10岁的利昂 阿什沃斯的妈妈因为买不起他非常想要的玩具熊猫，于是他在玩具盒上写了一句可怜的话，恳求其他顾客不要买。afford to do...为固定搭配，意为“买得起”，用不定式作宾语。故填to buy。
63．考查副词。句意：10岁的利昂 阿什沃斯的妈妈因为买不起他非常想要的玩具熊猫，于是他在玩具盒上写了一句可怜的话，恳求其他顾客不要买。根据句意可知，提示词bad修饰动词wanted，应用副词形式badly，意为“很，非常”，表示程度。故填badly。
64．考查名词。句意：10岁的利昂 阿什沃斯的妈妈因为买不起他非常想要的玩具熊猫，于是他在玩具盒上写了一句可怜的话，恳求其他顾客不要买。形容词other修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，所以可数名词shopper应用复数形式。故填shoppers。
65．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来发生的事是如此的温暖，它会融化你的心。分析句子可知，提示词be是主句中连系动词，结合上文可知，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，又因主语“What happened next”是单个从句作主语，所以连系动词be应使用单数形式。故填was。
66．考查定语从句。句意：这个名叫里昂·阿什沃斯的男孩和他的妈妈住在英国利物浦，他第一次看到他心爱的“潘迪”是在阿斯达超市。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该定语从句。故填who。
67．考查名词。句意：虽然他愿意耐心地等到6月15日妈妈拿到工资，但商店职员看到利昂的留言后，做出了非常贴心的决定。介词with后跟名词作宾语。故填patience。
68．考查动词时态和语态。句意：虽然他愿意耐心地等到6月15日妈妈拿到工资，但商店职员看到利昂的留言后，做出了非常贴心的决定。分析句子可知，pay(支付)是从句中谓语动词，与主语his mom之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语his mom是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was paid。
69．考查介词。句意：为了寻找当时还不认识的小留言者，他们把纸条发布在Facebook上，最终引起了黛比·阿什沃斯的注意，她立即认出了儿子的笔迹。in search of...为固定短语，意为“寻找……”，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填In。
70．考查冠词和形容词最高级。句意：这是我人生中最美好的一天。根据句意和空格后最高级形容词best可知，应填入定冠词the构成最高级。故填the。
71．a72．to happen73．experiences74．learning75．It
76．have had77．who78．beneficial79．Having arrived80．constantly
【详解】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为野生动物志愿者的经历以及参加志愿工作之后的感受。
1考查冠词。句意：结果，这总是一些我最终可能会去做的事情，而不是真正去做的事情。根据固定短语as a result（结果）可知，空格处填a 。
2考查固定结构。句意：后来我决定这件事必须发生。根据have to do (必须做，不得不做）可知空格处填to happen。
3考查名词。句意：每一天都是精彩的，充满了奇妙的经历。根据语境可知，有不同的经历，因此要用名词复数。故填experiences。
4考查现在分词。句意：日子过得飞快，我们忙着工作，闲逛，交友，了解野生动物。根据be busy doing (忙于做某事）可知，本句busy后跟四个并列的v+ing形式。即：working，hanging out ， making ，learning 。故空格处填learning。
5考查形式主语。句意：在短短的几周内，你就可以建立起多年的友谊，这真是太疯狂了。本题考查It is +adj +that 从句，其中It是形式主语；that 从句是真正的主语。故填It。
6考查时态。句意：在短短的几周内，你就可以建立起多年的友谊，这真是太疯狂了。that seem like you ...... (have) for years是定语从句，先行词是friendships。根据 for years可知本句要用现在完成时。故填have had。
7考查关系代词。句意：我还是向任何有此意愿者强烈推荐这次旅游。cannot ...... enough (再......也不过分），anyone后习惯跟who引导的定语从句。故填who。
8考查形容词。句意：志愿工作对人们真的是有益的。根据be beneficial to （对......有益）可知空格处填beneficial。
9考查非谓语动词。句意：回家以后，我总是怀念那些与南非有关的事情的日子。空格处是状语，要用非谓语动词。arrive的动作在miss之前，而且和主语I是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式。故填Having arrived。
10考查副词。句意：我发现自己不停地翻看照片。空格处的词是修饰looking back ，因此要用副词。故填constantly。
81．trips82．building83．It84．truly85．for86．appreciation
87．motivated88．amazing89．which90．a
【分析】本文为记叙文。本文记叙了作者作为一名美国大学生，在假期做志愿者活动的同时，为当地人做许多有益的事，还有机会旅行，交新朋友。这种志愿者活动让他们有一种巨大的成就感觉。
81．考查语境及名词。句意：这个春假，我有机会去旅行，这是我一生中最好的一周。trip前被these修饰，所以要用复数形式，故填trips。
82．考查语境及非谓语。句意：我们建造了三栋房子，造屋顶，油漆和美化。worked on后面有三个宾语，on为介词，以及后面painting, and landscaping. 可知，此处要用动词的ing形式，故填building。
83．考查语境及It 形式主语。句意：看到生活在那个镇上的人们对我们的赞赏是多么的值得。分析句子可知，此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填It。
84．考查副词作状语。句意：看到生活在那个镇上的人们对我们的赞赏是多么的值得。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作状语，修饰动词appreciated，修饰动词要用副词，故填truly。
85．考查语境。句意：每次我们出去吃饭的时候，都会有人来表达他们的感激之情。根据语境可知，此处是指出去的是为了（for）吃饭，故填for。
86．考查语境及名词。句意：每次我们出去吃饭的时候，都会有人来表达他们的感激之情。分析句子可知，本空前有形容词their（他们的），且作动词express的宾语，要用名词，故填appreciation。
87．考查一般过去时。句意：这让我们感觉很好，激励我们每天做更多的事情。分析句子可知，本空在句中与made一起作并列谓语，motivate的主语是this，二者是主动关系，本文叙述的是过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，故填motivated。
88．考查形容词作定语。句意：我们有一群令人惊奇的人喜欢彼此陪伴。分析句子可知，本空在句中修饰group of people,修饰名词要用形容词词，根据语境可知，此处是“令人惊奇的”，故填 amazing。
89．考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：我们给自己制造乐趣，这有助于我们相互了解。分析句子可知，本空格指代“We created our own fun,”，指代一整个句子要用关系词which，故填which。
90．考查不定冠词及固定搭配。句意：旅行结束后，我回到家，不仅有一种成就感，还交了14个新朋友。“a sense of fulfillment ”为固定搭配，意为“一种成就感觉”，故填 a。
91．to win92．came93．patience94．finally95．listening
96．In97．It98．seeing99．that##which100．importance
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。生命就是一个等待正确时刻去做出决定的过程。文章主要讲述了在奥运会上金牌获得者孙杨要求官员把掉下来的国旗再次升起的事情，表现了他的爱国之心。
91．考查不定式作定语。句式the first to do sth.“第一个做…的人”,to do作定语。孙杨是第一个赢得奥运会游泳金牌的人。故填to win。
92．考查时态。时态是一般过去时，谓语动词come过去式是came，故填came。
93．考查名词。His“他的”，形容词性物主代词，后接名词。他的耐心和坚持得到回报了。故填patience。
94．考查副词。此处副词finally修饰谓语动词短语come true“实现”。我的梦想最终实现了。
95．考查非谓语动词。主语Sun与listen之间逻辑上是主谓关系，非谓语doing形式表示主动和正在进行，故填listening。当孙杨站在台上听着国歌时。
96．考查固定搭配。短语in the end“最后，结果”。最后，当中国国歌第二次升起来时，官员们自己举着中国的国旗。故填In。
97．考查It作形式主语。常用句式It+be+adj.+to do sth.“做...是...”，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.部分。赢得冠军是很棒。故填It。
98．考查动名词做主语。谓语动词是is，see属于主语部分，用动名词形式。看着我们的国旗第二次升起也是非常重要的。故填seeing。
99．考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句先行词是achievement ，是物，引导词在从句中充当主语，故用that/which。赢得称号是一种将被记住的成就。
100．考查名词。此处在介词of后用名词，故填importance。但再次升起国旗也是十分重要的。
【点睛】It作形式主语的常见结构：
It+ be+形容词+that从句。常用于此的形容词有：necessary, clear, strange, true, important, possible, surprising, likely等。
It+ be+过去分词+that从句。常用于此的过去分词有：said, reported, hoped, believed, known, expected等。
It+ seems/ happens/ appears/ doesn’t matter/ makes no difference +that/ whether从句。
¤真题练
Passage1
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 37.for 38. marriage 39. smaller 40. was painted
41. herself 42. neither 43. to plant 44. The 45. sold
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
【36题】考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
【37题】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
【38题】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【39题】考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
【40题】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【41题】考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
【42题】考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
【44题】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
【45题】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
Passage2（2020·新课标Ⅲ）
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
Passage3（2020年北京卷）
A
【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
2. lucky 3. if/whether
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
Passage4（2019·全国卷II）
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查动词时态