【美文阅读】
你知道著名的庞贝古城吗？
Historical Background of The Ancient City of Pompeii In the early afternoon hours of August 24，79 A．D.the summit of Mount Vesuvius exploded without warning.A black river of ash and lapilli ran from the crater of the volcano down through the city of Pompeii leaving death and destruction in its wake.The magnificent ancient city of Pompeii was left buried under about 20 feet of earth and ash.Pompeii was originally only 500 meters from the sea，but after the eruption the distance to the sea increased to two kilometers.
Oscans settled along the shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea on an elevated lavic spur that was created by an ancient eruption of Vesuvius during the 8th century B．C.The strategic location made Pompeii an object of great importance to the Estuscans.The Samnites arrived from the mountains of Irpinia in the 5th century，putting an end to the control of Campania by the Greeks and Etruscans.
It was inevitable that Pompeii would fall under the domination of Rome at the beginning of the Samnite Wars.Pompeii became a Roman colony in 80 B．C.，taking the name “Colonia Veneria Cornelia Pompeii” which refers to both her conquerer and to the goddess Venus.
Seventeen hundred years later，architect Domenico Fontana happened across some inscriptions while building a tunnel in the area.Some excavation was done near the amphitheater at that time，but no one suspected that an entire city was buried there.The first scientific exploration of the site took place in 1748，directed by Charles of Bourbon.In 1860 Giuseppe Fiorelli invented a system of pouring liquid plaster into the spaces left in the ash bed.
Victims had remained in the House of the Fugitives during the volcanic eruption and the fall of lapilli.Later they had tried to escape under the ashes，but suffocated.
The oldest buildings of Pompeii date to the 6th century B．C.and likely only occupied a small part of the south western area，between the main Forum and the Triangular Forum.Pompeii gradually expanded toward the east and the north.Most of the ruins date back to its establishment as a Roman colony in 80 B．C.
【诱思导学】
1．What buried the Ancient City of Pompeii in the early afternoon hours of August 24，79 A．D.
__________________________________________________________________
2．Who found the Ancient City of Pompeii
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.A black river of ash and lapilli from the crater of the volcano.
2．The architect Domenico Fontana
Period ⅠPreviewing
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P18－19的课文，完成下列表格
The Acropolis Now
Introduction to the Acropolis ●The greatest 1.____ of Athens.●It was 2.____ in the 5th century BC in honor of Athena.●There are three main temples to Athena.
3.____done to the Acropolis ●Damaged partly by natural 4.____ like earthquake，and partly by man.●Used to store their 5.____ of gunpowder by the Turks in 1458.●6.____ by an attack from Italy.●Many of the best sculptures were 7.____.
8.____ of the Acropolis ●Establishing a committee to undertake this task.●Continuing its work and hoping to bring the Acropolis back to its 9.____ glory.●Undertaking important 10.____ work to teach people how to avoid damaging important historic buildings.
【答案】 1.symbol 2.constructed 3.Damage
4．forces 5.supply 6.Destroyed 7.stolen 8.Restoration 9.former 10.educational
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P18－19的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the statements is true according to the passage
A．The ancient Greeks had a greater effect on the world civilization than others.
B．The marathon was created in honour of Marathon.
C．The Greek civilization lasted only 2500 years.
2．How many main temples to Athena on top of the Acropolis
A．Two. B．Four. C．Three.
3．What is not the factor that led to the damage to the Acropolis
A．The earthquake.
B．The human being.
C．The marble.
【答案】 1－3 BAC
Ⅲ.课文缩写
The ancient Greeks has 1.________western civilizations than others.They 2.________in various fields that have influenced the world so far.
3．________，we often associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens，the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis.It was constructed in the 5th century BC 4.________of Atkena，where there are three main temples to Athena.
But the Acropolis has damaged partly by 5.________like earthquakes and partly by man.In 1458，the Turks 6.________ and used the Parthenon as a warhouse.In 1687，the large part of the building was destroyed because 7.________from Italy caused the gunpowder to explode.In 1801，many of the best sculptures were stolen.
In a gesture to help 8.________history，the Greek government 9.________ a committee to undertake the task.The committee is continuing its work and hopes to bring the Acropolis back to its former glory.In addition，the committee is also undertaking important educational work to teach people how to avoid 10.________ important historic buildings.
【答案】 1.had a greater influence on 2.made many advanes 3.In particular 4.in honour 5.natural forces 6.seized control of 7.an attack 8.preserve 9.appointed 10.damaging
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．associate A．an opinion or a judgement about sb./sth. that has been thought about very carefully
2．theft B．to make a connection between people or things in your mind
3．friction C．to choose sb. for a job or position of responsibility
4．appoint D．disagreement or a lack of friend ship among people who have different opinions about sth.
5．steady E．developing，growing，etc. gradually and in an even and regular way
6．assessment F．the crime of stealing sth from a person or place
【答案】 1.B 2.F 3.D 4.C 5.E 6.A
Ⅱ.短语填空
have an influence on；in particular；seize control of；in honor of；give up；care about；associate with；cut off
1．It is obvious that tourists __________ the local environment.
2．We built a monument on the top of the hill ________ the dead soldiers in the battle.
3．He had to ________ his dream because of his bad health.
4．I love playing basketball ________．
5．We usually ______ lung cancer ______ smoking.
【答案】 1.have an influence on 2.in honour of 3.give up 4.in particular 5.associate；with
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．No one has had a greater impact on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks.
古希腊人对西方文明的影响无人可及。
2．The Roman alphabet is a Greek invention，as is the marathon，a long distance race created in honour of a Greek soldier who ran from Marathon to Athens to report the victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
罗马字母表是希腊人的发明，正如马拉松比赛一样。马拉松赛跑是一项长跑比赛，是为纪念一位希腊士兵而设的。公元前490年，他从马拉松一直跑到雅典去报告马拉松战役的胜利。
3．The buildings of the Acropolis were made of marble，a very smooth，strong stone.
卫城的建筑物是用大理石——一种平滑坚硬的石头建成的。
4．By learning how not to damage the monuments，people will be able to enjoy this historic site for generations to come.
知道如何防止破坏历史遗迹，人们就能世世代代地欣赏到这个遗址了。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
1．become/be aware of意识到
While the pace of change in the modern world gets faster and faster，people are becoming more and more aware of the need to preserve the world's cultural heritage.(P17)随着当今世界发展变化的步伐日益加快，人们也愈来愈意识到保护世界文化遗产的必要。
I became aware of her feelings.我察觉到了她的感受。
He made for the dark alley without being aware of the danger ahead.
他朝那黑暗的巷口走去，根本没有意识到眼前的危险。
be aware ＋从句 意识到；知道
awareness n．认识；意识；知道
raise awareness about/of提高……的认识
develop an awareness of逐渐懂得
The driver was perfectly aware that he was driving at seventy miles an hour.
司机完全知道他在以每小时70英里的时速开车。
It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.
重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
The campaign aims to raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking.
这项运动的目的是要提高对被动吸烟危害的认识。
单项填空
①Are you ________ how much this means to me
A．known B．aware
C．realized D．recognized
【解析】 句意：你知道这对我有多大意义吗？be aware (of)how/what...是一个句式，意思是“知道……”。
【答案】 B
完成句子
②我感觉他在发抖。
I ________________________ he was trembling.
【答案】 was aware that
2．have an influence on对……产生影响
No one has had a greater influence on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks.(P18)在对西方文明的影响方面，没有人能够和古希腊人相比。
The inflation will surely have a great influence on everyone's life.通货膨胀毫无疑问会对我们每个人的生活产生重大影响。
Internet shopping has begun to have a serious influence on the traditional bookshops.
网上购物已开始对传统书店造成严重冲击。
对……产生影响
He has no influence over his children.
他对子女没有影响力。
完成句子
①这本书对它的读者影响很大。
The book ______________ its readers.
②他对这个公司有相当大的影响力。
He______________the company.
【答案】 ①has/had a great influence/impact on
②has considerable influence with/over
3．The Roman alphabet is a Greek invention，as is the marathon，a long distance race created in honour of a Greek soldier...(P18)罗马字母表是希腊人的发明，正如马拉松比赛一样。马拉松赛跑是一项长跑比赛，是为纪念一位希腊士兵而设的……
as is the marathon是as＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语的倒装句，意思是“……也如此，……也是一样”。是一个正式用法。
Yao Ming is very tall，as are his parents.
姚明个子很高，他父母个子也很高。
The film is so boring，as is its music.
这部电影很乏味，其音乐也是如此。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是医生，他妻子生儿育女之前也当过医生。
I travel to London every day，as do most of the people who live in this village.我每天乘车去伦敦，住在这个村子里的大部分人都是这样。
翻译句子
①Frank is an excellent athlete，as was his father before he died.
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 弗兰克是一个出色的运动员，正如他父亲生前一样。
完成句子
②她和她的母亲一样会弹钢琴。
She can play the piano，________________．
③针灸深受欢迎，中国传统的中药也如此。
Acupuncture has become popular，________________．
【答案】 ②as can her mother ③as has Chinese traditional medicine
(2)in honour of为向……表示敬意；为纪念……
They built a monument on top of the hill in honour of the famous national hero.他们在山顶上建造了一座纪念碑，以纪念那位著名的民族英雄。
This is a ceremony in honour of those killed in the explosion.这是一个为纪念爆炸中的死难者所举行的仪式。
in one's honour为了表示对某人的崇敬
the honour of doing sth.做某事的荣幸
have the honour of doing sth.有幸做某事
do sb.the honour of doing sth.
为某人做某事使之感到荣幸
it is an honour to do sth.很荣幸做某事
A banquet was held in her honour.
为欢迎她而举办了一次宴会。
Would you do me the honour of dining with me
你能赏光和我一块儿吃饭吗？
It is an honour to have you here.
大驾光临，深感荣幸。
④My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was________it.
A．in favour of B．in memory of
C．in honour of D．in search of
【解析】 句意：我的姐姐反对我的计划，而我的哥哥支持这个计划。in favour of表示“支持，赞同”，in memory of表示“为了纪念……”，in honour of表示“为了尊重……”，in search of表示“寻找”，故选A。
【答案】 A
⑤The monument was built ________ those who devoted their lives to our country in the Anti Japanese war.
A．in praise of B．in want of
C．in search of D．in honour of
【解析】 句意：建这个纪念碑是为了纪念那些在抗日战争中捐躯的人们。in honour of意为“为了纪念/庆祝……”或“向……表示敬意”。A项意为“赞扬”；B项意为“需要”；C项意为“搜寻，寻找”。
【答案】 D
4．In particular，we associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens，the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis.(P18)我们尤其将古希腊文明与其首都雅典城相联系，而雅典最伟大的标志就是雅典卫城。
(1)in particular尤其，特别
You should avoid eating fat meat，pork in particular.
你应该避免吃高脂肪的肉，尤其是猪肉。
Why do you choose that one in particular
你为何特地选那个？
be particular about 对……挑剔的
particularly adv.特别地；显著地
I have no particular reason to suspect him.
我没有特殊的理由去怀疑他。
Mary is very particular about her dress.
玛丽对她的穿着很挑剔。
【对接高考】
(2011·江西高考)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too ________about her job.
A．special B．responsible
C．unusual D．particular
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be particular about 对……挑剔。句意：她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。
【答案】 D
完成句子
①很多女孩子对衣服很挑剔。
Many girls________their clothes.
②我们特意绕道青岛去北京。
We went to Beijing by way of Qing dao ________．
【答案】 ①are very particular about ②in particular
(2)associate...with...把……与……相联系；联想
She always associates the smell of baking with her childhood.她总是一闻到烘烤食物的味道，就想起了童年。
I can't see there is something particular in his speech associated with this matter.
我看不出他的言词中有什么特别的东西与此事有关。
be associated with与……相关联
associate with sb.与某人在一起；与某人交往
association n．协会
把……联系起来
③John is considering ________ another company so that they will be much stronger.
A．associating with B．associate
C．to associate D．associated with
【解析】 considering此处意为“考虑”，后接v. ing形式作宾语；associate (with)意为“使结交或合伙”。
【答案】 A
5．It used to house a 13 metre high gold covered statue of Athena as the Goddess of Victory.(P18)
这里供奉着一尊13米高的镀金胜利女神像雅典娜。
(1)“used＋动词不定式”表示过去的习惯或动作，意为“过去常常”
When we were children，we used to go skating every winter.
小时候我们每年冬天都去滑冰。
She didn't use/used not to go to the Museum of Science.
她过去不常去科学博物馆。
be/get/become used to (doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
①There ________ a small boat，which ________ transport passers by across the river.
A．used to be；was used to
B．used to be；used to
C．use to be；is used to
D．use to be；was used to
【解析】 there used to be...意为“过去这里有……”；be used to do...意为“被用来做……”，依句意可知应用过去时。
【答案】 A
(2)house vt.收容；供给房子；提供住处；收藏；安置
The gallery houses 2，000 works of modern art.
美术馆收藏了2 000件现代艺术作品。
A large number of families are still waiting to be housed.
许多家庭仍在等待安排住房。
The old building now houses more than one hundred homeless people.
这幢旧楼里现在住着上百位无家可归的人。
We can house you and your friends if the hotels are full.
如果宾馆住满了，我们可提供住所给你和你的朋友。
完成句子
②要供给他们全部住宅是很困难的。
It is difficult __________ all of them.
③那晚我们留他住宿。
We ________ him ________ the night.
【答案】 ②to house ③housed；for
单项填空
④Mr.Smith went to a bookstore，where a lot of books were________．
A．produced B．invented
C．housed D．disappeared
【解析】 句意：史密斯先生去了一家书店，那里有很多书。house储存，给……房子住，符合句意。produce生产；invent发明；disappear消失。
【答案】 C
(3)gold covered包金的；镀金的，为复合形容词
①“名词＋动词＋ ed”是构成复合形容词的一种方法，意思相当于“被……的”，因此gold covered意思就是“被金子覆盖的”，译成“包金的；镀金的”。
snow covered adj.被雪覆盖的
snow capped adj.顶部被雪覆盖的
air filled adj.充满空气的
②名词＋动词 ing为构成复合形容词的又一种方法，意思为“做……的”。
French speaking adj.讲法语的
labour saving adj.节省劳力的
life extending adj.延长寿命的
完成句子
⑤这家博物馆收藏着一尊13米高镀金的雕像。
The museum houses________________statue.
⑥飞机在积雪的山峰上飞过。
The plane flew over________________peaks.
【答案】 ⑤a 13 metre high gold covered ⑥the snow covered
6．seize/take control of掌控；获取……的控制权
In 1458，the Turks defeated the Greeks and seized control of Athens.(P18)
1458年土耳其人打败了希腊人并夺取了雅典。
By defeating his political opponents one by one，he seized control of the parliament at last.在对其政治对手各个击破之后，他终于掌控了议会。
in control of掌管；管理；控制
under the control of在……控制下
lose control of失去对……控制
out of control失控
bring/get...under control控制住……；抑制住……
There has been some violence after the match，but the police are now in control of the situation.比赛后发生了一些暴力事件，但现在警方已控制了局势。
The city was under the control of enemy forces.
该城现在处于敌军的控制下。
The Democrats will probably lose control of Congress.
民主党很可能失去对国会的控制。
完成句子
①这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。
The children are completely ________ since their father left.
②花了两小时才控制住火势。
It took two hours to bring the fire ________．
③哪个政党现在掌管这个国家？
Which party is ________the country now
【答案】 ①out of control ②under control ③taking/seizing control of
7．give up放弃；停止/中止某事
This has caused some friction between Greece and Britain，as the Greek government has never given up asking for the return of these marble statues.(P19)这导致了希腊和英国之间的摩擦，因为希腊政府一直要求英国归还这些大理石雕像。
She doesn't give up easily.她决不轻易认输。
She didn't give up the work when she had the baby.
她有孩子后并未放弃工作。
give away赠送；泄露，分发
give back归还
give in屈服，认输
give sth. in(to sb.)呈上某物(给某人)
give off发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
give on to/onto sth.朝向，面向
give out用光，耗尽，发出(热、光等)
give over别再……了，住手
He gave away all he had to a school.
他把他的一切都捐给了学校。
After a long journey，he gave out.
长途旅行回来，他累坏了。
用give短语完成下列句子
①He was arrested because he________ state secrets to the enemy.
②The flowers ________ a fragrant perfume.
③The teacher ________ the exam papers.
④You ought to ________ smoking.
【答案】 ①gave away ②gave off ③gave out
④give up
8．In a gesture to help preserve history，the Greek government appointed a committee in 1975 to undertake a complete repair of the Acropolis.(P19)为保存历史，希腊政府于1975年成立了一个委员会来负责卫城全面的修复。
(1)in a gesture to do sth.作为……的姿势；为了……
In a gesture to show their sympathy and concern，they sent the boy plenty of flowers and presents.为了表示同情和关心，他们送给那个孩子很多鲜花和礼物。
as a gesture of表示
gesture v．用手势表示，用动作示意
gesture to sb.向某人示意
She gave me a smile as a gesture of welcome.
她对我微微一笑以示欢迎。
He gestured to me that it was time to go.
他示意(我)该走了。
翻译句子
①为了表示对上司的尊重，他每天早晨都站在办公室门口迎候。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 In a gesture to show respect to his boss，he stands outside the door of the office every morning greeting him.
②We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill.
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 我们不承担责任，不过我们愿意退款以表示我们的善意。
(2)preserve vt.保存；保管；保护
The city should take steps to preserve the old temple.
本市应该采取措施保存这座古老的寺庙。
①preserve sb.from sth.保护某人免受……
preserve sth.from 保护……免受
②preserve vt.保护(动植物)；使……成为禁猎区
③preserve n．(动植物的)保护区
④preserver n．保护者；防护用具
They were determined to preserve their leader from humiliation.他们决心保护他们的领导人免受侮辱。
The wreck was preserved by the muddy sea bed.
失事船只的残骸被泥泞的海床保护了起来。
We should preserve our good traditional customs.
我们应当保留好的传统习俗。
preserve/keep/reserve
preserve 侧重指为某人或某种用途保存、保藏。
keep (一时的)保存、保管，常用语
reserve 主要指“保留；储备”，以备后用。
用preserve，keep和reserve的适当形式填空
③You can ________ meat or fish in salt.
④Will you________ my luggage safe for me
⑤I advise you not to walk too fast；________ your strength for the climb.
【答案】 ③preserve ④keep ⑤reserve
(3)appoint vt.任命，委任；约定，指定(时间、地点)
They have appointed a new headteacher at my son's school.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.会议日期尚待确定。
①appoint sb. to/as sth.任命某人做某事。
②appoint sb. to do sth.安排某人去做某事。
③appointment n．约定，约会
make an appointment约会，约定
④appointee n．被委任者
She has recently been appointed to/as the committee.
她最近被任命为委员会成员。
A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.
一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代表律师。
⑥In May this year，the president personally________an officer to the post.
A．accumulated B．calculated
C．appointed D．estimated
【解析】 考查词义辨析。句意：今年五月，这位总统亲自任命一位官员就任此职。accumulate意为“积累”；calculate意为“计算”；appoint意为“任命，约定”；estimate意为“估计”。故选C。
【答案】 C
9．The committee is also undertaking important work to educate the public，based on the assessment that the best way to protect the Acropolis is to prevent damage.(P19) 根据评估保护卫城的最好方法是防止破坏，委员会也正从事教育公众的重要工作。
based on是分词短语在句中作状语。
In borderline cases teachers will take the final decision，based on the student's previous work.
在难以定夺的情况下，教师将根据学生先前的作业做出最终评分。
Based on what we know now，you can't clone.
就我们所知，你们还不能克隆。
①base v．把基地设在……，以……为基础
base...on...＝be based on...根据……，以……为基础
②basis n．基础，基本原则；标准
on the basis of根据，在……的基础上，基于
③basic adj.基本的；基础的
basically adv.主要地，基本上
The two sides should handle their differences based on the principles of equality and mutual respect.
双方应在平等和相互尊敬的原则上去解决彼此的分歧。
The scientist decided to make the university the base for his research work.
这位科学家决定把这所大学作为他研究工作的基地。
This is the basic theory of language teaching.
这是语言教学的基本理论。
【提示】 在base...on...短语中，base为及物动词，主动语态中，base后应有宾语，否则base应用被动形式，即be based on结构。
【对接高考】
(2012·江苏高考)________an important decision more on emotion than reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
A．Based B．Basing
C．Base D．To base
【解析】 句意：如果你把重要决定更多地建立在情感而不是理性基础上，你迟早会后悔的。从结构上看需用非谓语动词，排除C项。主语you与base之间为主动关系，应用主动形式，A项可排除。不定式表目的，不合句意。用现在分词表条件，从意思上就通顺了，故答案为B项。
【答案】 B
完成句子
①该影片是根据辛克莱·刘易斯的小说改编的。
The film ________ a novel by Sinclair Lewis.
②根据真实故事，此本书把这个村庄描绘成一个令人愉快的地方。
________ a true story，the book portrays the village as a pleasant place.
【答案】 ①is based on ②Based on
10．By learning how not to damage the monuments，people will be able to enjoy this historic site for generations to come.(P19)知道如何防止破坏历史遗迹，人们就能世世代代地欣赏到这个遗址了。
疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。
①“疑问词＋动词不定式”经常用在某些动词(短语)后作宾语，这样的动词(短语)有：tell，show，know，learn，find out，forget，wonder等。
②此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用相应的从句。
He showed me how to do the work.
他给我展示怎样做这项工作。
What to do next has not been decided.
下一步做什么，还没决定。
Stop trying to tell me what to do all the time.
(＝Stop trying to tell me what I should do all the time.)别老是命令我应该做什么。
【提示】 why一般不用于此结构，即不用why to do结构。
【对接高考】
(2011·辽宁高考)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ________ to read fast.
A．what B．who C．how D．why
【解析】 考查“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。句意：20个学生想上那堂课，该堂课在教给学生如何快速阅读。设空处表示“方式”，故用how。
【答案】 C
完成句子
①He didn't tell me ________ (在哪里找到这个秘密)．
②I want to know ________ (如何解决这个问题)．
③Nobody knows ________ (该做什么)when we are faced with the situation.
【答案】 ①where to find the secret ②how to solve the problem ③what to do
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
1．focus on/upon集中于……，集中在……
It focuses on Greek words used in English.(P22)
它集中了英语中使用的希腊词汇。
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
focus one's attention/thoughts/effort on集中注意力/心思/努力于……之上
focus n．中心点(指人或事物)
focus for/on sth.……的中心点
The visit helped to focus world attention on the refugees.这次访问促进了全世界对难民的关注。
His comments provided a focus for debate.
他的评论提供了辩论的重点。
【对接高考】
(2010·江苏高考)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he________more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
【解析】 考查would rather后应用虚拟语气。句意：乔治打算谈论一下他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更集中地谈一下它的文化。从句表示与将来事实相反，用动词的过去式，故选B。
【答案】 B
完成句子
①他的目光立刻集中在漆黑房间里的那个黑色的人影上。
His eyes________ immediately________the black figure in the dark room.
②他那蓝色的眼睛注视着她。
He________his blue eyes________her.
③我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。
We shall maintain our________the needs of the customer.
【答案】 ①focused；on ②focused；on ③focus on
2．make a contribution作出贡献；起作用
This is because the Greeks made huge contributions in the two fields.(P22)这是因为希腊人在这两个科学领域做出了巨大的贡献。
He has made an important contribution to the company's success.他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。
It is possible that the sun can make a contribution，too.很可能太阳也会起作用。
①make a contribution to/towards对……作出贡献
give a contribution to给……捐献
②contribute vt.& vi.有贡献，有助于；捐助
contribute to 导致；投稿
They made a great contribution towards the cause of the Chinese people.
他们为中国人民的事业做出了巨大贡献。
I contributed towards Jane's leaving present.
我凑了一点钱给简买告别礼物。
She regularly contributes to the college magazine.
她定期给校刊投稿。
完成句子
①She________ a number of articles ________ the magazine.(向……投稿)
②Tom's mistake was said to ________his death.(导致)
【答案】 ①contributed...to ②have contributed to
单项填空
③She ________ all her life to the welfare of women and children.
A．presented B．recommended
C．contributed D．devoted
【解析】 contribute和devote都表示“贡献”，都可以用于“v.＋to＋(doing)sth.”。但在表示“献身于某一事业或目标”时，用devote，不用contribute，即contribute后不可接one's life或oneself。
【答案】 D
3．In the field of literature，our students read and write poetry and participate in drama productions which are performed in our state of the art theatre.(P23)在文学领域里，我们的学生吟诗作赋，并积极参与在我们的装备最先进的剧场里进行的戏剧排演。
(1)participate in参加
Tom can't participate in the match because he has hurt his back.汤姆不能参加比赛，因为他伤了后背。
He also participated in the work.
他也参加了这项工作。
participant n．参与者；参加者
participation n．参加；参与
He has been an active participant in the discussion.
他一直积极参与这次讨论。
We saw a show with lots of audience participation.
我看了一场观众热烈参与的演出。
participate in/take part in/join/join in/attend
participate in/ take part in 二者同义，表示参加活动或在活动中负责。participate in较正式。
join 及物动词，表示“加入某组织(团体、机构)，并成为其中一员，”也可用于join sb.(与某人一起)，join sb. in sth./doing sth.(和某人一起做某事)。
join in 指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用。
attend 及物动词，指参加会议、典礼、演讲等活动。
用participate in/take part in/join/joint in/attend填空
①May I________the discussion
②He'll ________us________singing the song.
③Did you________the meeting yesterday.
④He________the children's game.
⑤He laughed loudly，and we________．
⑥She intends to________the club.
【答案】 ①join in/participate in/take part in ②join；in ③take part in/attended ④participate in/took part in ⑤joined in ⑥join
(2)production n．(电影、戏剧或广播节目的)上映、上演、播出、制作；电影，戏剧
Every year the school puts on a musical production.
这所学校每年都上演一出音乐剧。
How much do you think the production of this movie costs？你认为这部电影的制作费要多少？
production n．生产，制造；(艺术)作品；(研究)成果
in production投产；生产
out of production停产
go into production投产
The company is famous for the production of small cars.那家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。
The theme of his late productions was life and death.
他晚期作品的主题是生与死。
He wants a career in film production.
他想从事电影制作。
(3)state of the art adj.(技术、设备)最新型的；最先进的
A state of the art hospital has just been put up near our school.我们学校附近刚建了一家现代化的医院。
完成句子
⑦这家剧院以演出富于想象力的戏剧作品而闻名。
This theatre is known for ________________．
⑧这一系统是当时最先进的。
The system______________．
【答案】 ⑦its imaginative productions
⑧was state of the art
4．We consider it very important that students understand the past，...(P23)
我们认为学生了解过去非常重要，……
it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
consider it＋宾补＋doing/to do/that clause是一个重要句式结构。类似用法的动词还有think，find，feel，make等。用作宾补的词可以是形容词也可以是名词。
She considers it impolite to talk while eating.
她认为边吃边说话是不礼貌的。
I consider it no use quarrelling with him.
我认为和他争吵没用。
Mr.Li thinks it necessary that we practice oral English every day.李老师认为我们每天练习口语是必要的。
They consider it their duty to speak to his parents.
他们认为给父母讲话是他们的义务。
【对接高考】
(2012·陕西高考)No matter where he is，he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A．him B．this C．that D．it
【解析】 句意：不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。make it a rule to do sth.养成做某事的习惯，该结构中it为形式宾语，动词不定式to do sth.为真正的宾语，此时it不能换用其他词。
【答案】 D
翻译句子
①你也许发现在这里工作很令人兴奋。
__________________________________________________________________
②我们认为保持生态平衡很重要。
__________________________________________________________________
③她认为边吃边说话是不礼貌的。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①You may find it exciting to work here.
②We think it important that we should keep the balance of nature.③She considers it impolite to talk while eating.
5．insist v．坚持
In the same way，we insist that students learn about different countries in the world，...(P23)
同样，我们坚持要求学生一定要了解世界各国，……
insist后接宾语从句时要用“(should＋)动词原形”；还可以接on或upon短语。
He insists that she come.他执意要她来。
I insist on you going there我坚持你去那里。
一些表示命令、要求、建议的动词及其相应的名词后接从句时，要用虚拟语气。
①suggest，insist，advise，order，ask，request，demand，require等表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中要用“(should＋)动词原形”。
②由这些词变化而来的名词，如：suggestion，advice，order，request，demand等，后面的同位语从句、表语从句中也用“(should＋)动词原形”。
He suggested that our products be advertised.
他建议我们的产品做广告。
The captain ordered that all the men(should)take part in the rescue.船长命令所有的人参加救援。
The teacher advised that the students(should)make best use of their free time.
老师劝告学生们要充分利用他们的业余时间。
His suggestion is that all the work (should)be finished on time.他的建议是所有的工作都要按时完成。
This is his request that all the students(should)hand in their papers by ten o'clock.这是他的要求：所有的学生要在10点钟之前交上他们的试卷。
【提示】 当insist作“坚持认为”、“坚持说”讲时和suggest作“暗示、表明”讲时，其后的从句用陈述语气。
The young man insisted that he was not wrong and that he be set free.
那个年轻人坚持认为他没有错，要求释放他。
His words suggested he was pleased.
他的话表明他很满意。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Mike insisted that he ________(be) right and ________(not punish)．
【答案】 was；(should)not be punished
单项填空
②The young man insisted that he________nothing wrong and________free.
A．did；set
B．had done；be set
C．should do；should be set
D．had done；must be set
【解析】 那个年轻人坚持说他没做错事并要求释放。根据句意第一个空为陈述，第二空为虚拟，排除C和D两项；do的动作在insist前可知排除A项。故答案为B项。
【答案】 B
观察下列从P23中选取的句子，体会名词性从句的用法与含义。
①We consider it very important that students understand the past，...
②In the same way，we insist that students learn about different countries in the world，...
③What is beautiful is good，and who is good will soon be beautiful.
名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用，相当于名词。因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
一、主语从句
1．主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，whoever，which，whichever，what，whatever，that；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她被选中这件事使我们非常高兴。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是个问题。
Whatever you want can be found here.
你想要的一切都可以在这里找到。
2．主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是连接词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。即：It＋be＋adj.＋that clause，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。
It's a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
你没有听到如此精彩的演讲真是太遗憾了。
It is strange that he didn't come yesterday.
他昨天没来真让人感到奇怪。
3．Whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句：whoever＝anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“不管是什么人，无论是谁”。
whatever＝anything that，表示“任何……的事物，什么……都，无论什么”。
whichever表示“无论哪个；无论哪些”既可指人，也可指物，既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。
Whoever breaks the law must be punished.
无论谁犯了法都一定会受惩罚。
Whatever you want to do will have nothing to do with me.
无论你想要做什么都与我无关。
Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.
无论你选择哪一本书对我来说都无关紧要。
二、宾语从句
1．在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，引导宾语从句的连接代词和连接副词如下：that，whether，if(是否)，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。
2．由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。
You may do whatever(anything that)you like.
你可以做任何你想做的事。
Return the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.把书归还给名字写在上面的人。
3．介词后的宾语从句
Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.除了偶尔上学迟到以外，汤姆是一个好孩子。
4．形容词后的宾语从句
They're surprised that he has left without saying goodbye.
人们很惊讶地发现他没有打招呼就走了。
5．宾语从句中的形式宾语it
在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们花更多的时间来练习英语口语是非常有必要的。
6．宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词desire(愿望)，demand(要求)，insist(坚决要求)，order(命令)，request(请求)，suggest(建议)，propose(提议，建议)等词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，宾语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
They suggested that we(should)start at once.
他们建议我们立即动身。
三、表语从句
1．在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的词有that，whether，as if(好像，仿佛)，who，what，which，when，where，how，why等。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是这件事是否值得做。
This is how she did it.这就是她怎样做这件事的。
2．主语为名词reason时，表语从句的连接词要用that，定语从句用why或that引导。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk.这么严重的交通事故完全是由于司机太粗心，喝酒太多。
3．如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement，demand等名词时，则表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。
1．同位语从句的连接词常用的有that，whether，why，who，where，how，when。if一般不引导同位语从句。
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2．同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，例如：idea，fact，hope，view，news，promise，belief，opinion，doubt，thought，wish，truth，explanation，possibility等。
Period ⅣTask & Project
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P27的课文，判断正误
1．The head of the Roman Catholic church allowed divorce then.( )
2．Boleyn gave birth to a son for King Herry Ⅷ at last.( )
3．Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ had Sir Watter Raleigh arrested and held in the Tower because he had married in secret.( )
【答案】 1－3 FFT
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P30－31的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statement is true according to the passage
A．Most of the Ming Tombs are located in Shisanling northwest of Beijing.
B．Changling is famous for its simple design and painted ceiling.
C．Another famous Ming Tomb，Xiaoling is also located in Beijing.
2．Which is considered as the best preserved of the thirteen tombs
A．shisanling C．Changling D．XiaoLing
3．Which is not the factor that does harm to the Ming and Qing Tombs
A．rain and war.
B．fire and theft.
C．visitors to Tombs.
【答案】 1－3 ABC
1．King Henry Ⅷ wanted to have a son.His first wife，Catherine，did not give birth to one，so he decided to divorce her.(P27)国王亨利八世想要儿子，而他的第一任妻子凯瑟琳未如他愿，所以亨利决定休掉她。
(1)give birth to生(孩子)，产仔
She died shortly after giving birth to a healthy baby girl.她在生下一个健康的女婴之后不久就死了。
give birth to还可用作比喻，意为“产生；引起”。
at birth刚出生时
from birth先天的，从出生起
It was the study of history that gave birth to the social science.对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。
The baby weighed three kilos at birth.
婴儿出生时的体重为三公斤。
Mark has been blind from birth.马克先天失明。
完成句子
①史密斯太太昨天晚上生了个女儿。
Mrs.Smith____________ a daughter last night.
②他的提议引起了争论。
His proposal ______________ a dispute.
③万里大江始于涓涓细流。
This little fountain ______________ a big river.
【答案】 ①gave birth to ②gave birth to ③gives birth to
(2)divorce v．与……离婚，使离婚；使分离；使脱离n.离婚；分离；脱离。
She refuses to divorce him though he has been unfaithful to her.虽然他一直对她不忠，她仍拒绝与他离婚。
Mr.Hill divorced his wife at the age of 70.
希尔先生七十岁的时候与他妻子离婚。
Their marriage ended in divorce.
他们的婚姻以离婚收场。
be/get divorced from与……离婚/分离
divorce sb./sth. from sth.使某人/物从……分离/脱离
Politics should not be divorced from the lives of ordinary people.政治不应该脱离普通老百姓的生活。
When he was depressed，he felt utterly divorced from reality.他沮丧时便感到完全脱离了现实。
完成句子
④他的妻子最近和他离婚了。
He ______________ by his wife.
⑤他对未来的期望常常脱离现实。
His hopes for the future ________________ reality.
【答案】 ④was recently divorced ⑤are often divorced from
单项填空
⑥Eventually，the husband could no longer put up with his wife's complaints about his inability to make much money and he________her.
A．divorced with B．divorced
C．would divorce D．would divorced with
【解析】 divorce是及物动词，divorce sb.与某人离婚，根据句意可知选B。
【答案】 B
2．Henry created the Church of England and made himself the head of it.(P27)亨利创立了英国自己的教会，并且自命为教皇。
make＋宾语＋名词(作宾语补足语)
Most pop singers make music their career.
大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。
Bill Gates' Microsoft makes him a phenomenon in the business world.
比尔·盖茨的微软使他成为商界的一个奇才。
①make＋宾语＋宾语补足语的其他形式：
make＋O.＋
②如果宾语是动词不定式或是个从句，就用it作先行宾语，真正宾语移至句末。
make＋it＋adj.＋
Nothing can make me turn against my country.
什么也不能使我背叛我的祖国。
Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他讲话。
“Make yourself at home，” the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“别客气， 就像在你自己家一样。”
What has made China what she is today
是什么让中国变成今天的样子？
This makes it possible for agriculture and industry to develop quickly.这使工农业有可能很快发展。
People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作是重要且必不可少的。
完成句子
①我们推选他当我们足球队队长。
We ______________________ of our football team.
②行人，不论老幼，都该养成走人行天桥的习惯。
Pedestrians，both old and young，should ____________________ to use overhead bridges.
【答案】 ①made him captain ②make it a habit
3．In 1603，Raleigh was charged with the crime of betraying his country，and sentenced to death.(P27)
在1603年，罗利被起诉犯有叛国罪，法官宣判他死刑。
(1)be charged with因……被控告；起诉
The police charged the man with stealing the car.
警察指控这个人偷了车。
He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
【提示】 charge sb.with sth.＝accuse sb.of sth.指责/控告某人做了某事
The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.
青少年指责他们父母误导他们。
She claims that her employers accused her of theft.
她声称她的老板指控她盗窃。
charge vt.控告；要价；充电
free of charge免费
charge sb.with sth./doing sth.指控某人(做)某事
accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.指控某人(做)某事
charge sb.money for sth./doing sth.
向某人索要……的钱
charge for为……收取费用
in charge of sth.负责……
in the charge of sb.……由某人负责
take charge of sth.负责；管理
How much do you charge for mending this pair of shoes？你要多少钱修理这双鞋？
It takes ten hours to charge a battery.
给电池充一次电要花十个小时。
①John was very upset because he was________by the police with breaking the law.
A．accused B．arrested
C．sentenced D．charged
【解析】 句意：约翰非常不安，因为他被警察指控违反了法律。
【答案】 D
②—Are you ________me of lying to the headmaster
—I'm sure you did.
A．accusing B．scolding
C．reminding D．telling
【解析】 问句句意：你在指责我向校长撒谎吗？accuse sb.of(doing)sth.指责，控告某人(做)某事。scold sb.for sth.因……而指责某人；remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事；tell sb.of sth.告诉某人关于某事。
【答案】 A
(2)sentence vt.宣判
The judge sentenced the thief to five years in prison.
法官判决那个小偷五年徒刑。
The young man was sentenced to 3 years in prison for theft.这个年轻人因为盗窃被判入狱3年。
The murderer was sentenced to death at last.
这个杀人犯最终被判为死刑。
sentence sb. to death/life imprisonment判某人死刑/终身监禁
sentence sb. to do sth.判处某人做某事
sentence n．句子；宣判，判刑
The judge sentenced him to five years' imprisonment for theft.因盗窃罪法官判处他5年徒刑。
The judge sentenced him to do hard labour.
法官宣判他服劳役。
Tom read the sentence conversely.汤姆倒着读句子。
The judge passed the sentence.法官宣布了判决。
③Though he killed a boy，he was________to 20 years' imprisonment instead of death because of his good attitude and active help in breaking the case.
A．sentenced B．reported
C．given D．attacked
【解析】 考查固定短语。句意：尽管他杀了一个男孩，他只被判处二十年的监禁而没有判死刑，因为他的态度好而且积极帮助破案。be sentenced to imprisonment为固定搭配，意为“被判监禁”，故选A。
【答案】 A
④He was sentenced________three years in prison.
A．to B．with
C．of D．in
【解析】 句意：他被判处三年徒刑。“被判……徒刑”用be sentenced to结构。故选A。
【答案】 A
4．However，when the queen discovered in 1592 that he had married in secret，she had him arrested and held in the Tower.(P27)然而，当女皇在1592年发现他已秘密结婚时，就派人拘捕了他并把他拘禁在塔里。
“have＋宾语＋done”表示“把……如何”。done为过去分词，表示宾语与该动作之间为被动关系。
I have had my hair cut.我已剪了头发。
He has had his bike repaired.他让人把自行车修了。
①have＋宾语＋do让……做……
②have＋宾语＋doing让……一直做
Don't have your kid carry so much water.
别让你的孩子担这么多水。
If you have your horse working day and night，your horse may get ill.如果你让你的马日夜不停地工作，你的马也许就会生病。
【对接高考】
(2011·陕西高考)Claire had her luggage________an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。have sth. done让……被做，故选D。
【答案】 D
完成句子
①汤姆踢足球时，伤了腿。
Tom ________________ while playing football.
②史密斯先生在度假期间，他家被盗了。
Mr smith ________________ while he was away on holiday.
③我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。
I won't ________________ your dad like that.
【答案】 ①had his leg broken ②had his house broken into ③have you speaking to
5．In 1616，he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James.(P27)1616年，他被允许代表金·詹姆士去南美寻找金子。
(1)give sb.permission to do sth.允许……做……
Father gave me permission to use his car.
爸爸允许我用他的汽车。
No official permission has been given for the event to take place.这项活动未得到正式批准，不能进行。
ask for permission请求许可
get/receive permission获得允许/接受允许
give sb.permission to do sth.允许某人做某事
with your permission在你的许可下
without permission未经允许
The teacher gave me permission to go home early.
老师允许我早点回家。
完成句子
①谁允许你提前下课的？
Who________________class early
②她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。
She took the car________．
【答案】 ①gave you permission to leave ②without permission
(2)on behalf of 代表；为了
He spoke on behalf of all staffs of the company.
他代表公司全体职工讲话。
On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.我谨代表全系感谢大家。
on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf代表/代替某人；因为某人；为了某人
in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf为了
She gave a piano recital in behalf of a charity.
她为某慈善机构举行了一场钢琴独奏会。
【对接高考】
(2013·辽宁高考)________everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A．By means of B．On behalf of
C．In search of D．For fear of
【解析】 by means of意为“用，凭借”；on behalf of意为“代表”；in search of意为“寻找”；for fear of意为“担心”。根据后半句句意“我祝愿你回国的旅途愉快”可知答案，即“我代表这里的每个人”。
【答案】 B
完成句子
③我代表我母亲给您写信，以表达她对您送礼物的感激之情。
I am writing ________________，to express her thanks for your gift.
④今天校长不能来，所以我要代表他发言。
The president can't be here today，so I'm going to speak ____________．
⑤噢，不要因为我而麻烦。
Oh，don't go to any trouble ____________．
【答案】 ③on behalf of my mother ④on his behalf ⑤on/in my behalf
6．remains n．遗产，遗物；剩余物；残骸
The Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs are among the most extraordinary cultural remains to be found anywhere.(P30)明清皇家陵寝是世界上被发现的最令人赞叹的文化遗产之一。
the remains of an old castle古堡的遗迹
Here is the remains of a temple.这是一座寺院的废墟。
The remains of the castle can still be seen on the hill.
还可以看到山上残存的城堡的遗迹。
remain v．留下，剩下，留待linking v．继续，依然
①remain to be done留待以后做
②It remains to be seen...是一个固定句式结构，意为“(情况未明)有待去证实；要看怎样发展”。
③连系动词，后接表语，意为“保持，仍旧是”，后接形容词，名词，分词，介词短语，从句或表示位置的副词，无被动语态。
After ten years，he remains a worker.
十年后，他仍然是一个工人。
She remained at home with the children.
她和孩子们留在家里。
As is known，much work remained to be done.
大家都知道，还有许多工作要做。
It remains to be seen what the results of the tests will be.测试结果如何尚待以后分晓。
【对接高考】
(2010·福建高考)In April，thousands of holiday makers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A．sticking B．stuck
C．to be stuck D．to have stuck
【解析】 考查remain的用法。句意：在四月份，数以千计的度假者因为火山灰云层而被滞留在国外。故选B。
【答案】 B
完成句子
①其他人走了之后，苏珊留下并将家具放回了原处。
When the others had gone，Susan ________ and put back the furniture.
②他所说的有待去证实。
What he said ______________．
【答案】 ①remained ②remains to be proved
7．Of the thirteen tombs，only Changling，Dingling and Zhaoling are open to the public.(P30)
十三陵中，只有长陵、定陵和昭陵对公众开放。
在这个句型中，of在此不表示所属关系，而是表示部分和整体关系。tombs表示整体，Changling、Dingling and Zhaoling表示整体中的一部分。
Many of the students come from other countries.
学生之中的许多人来自其他国家。
Of all the works his painting was the most beautiful.
在所有这些作品之中，他的画是最美的。
【对接高考】
(2012·浙江高考)________all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
A．From B．Of C．For D．With
【解析】 句意：在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗是对口语最敏感的。of all表示“在所有的……中”。
【答案】 B
翻译句子
①在所有的星球当中，太阳离我们最近。
__________________________________________________________________
②我班有65名学生，其中32名是女生。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Of all the stars，the sun is the nearest to us. ②There are 65 students in our class，of whom 32 are girls/32 of whom are girls.
8．Adding o the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Ling'en Palace，known for its simple design and painted ceiling.(P30)陵恩殿以它的简洁的设计和漆涂的天花板而闻名，使长陵更添宏伟与壮丽。
本句是倒装句。用倒装句的目的是为了保持句子结构平衡。本句由于主语带有一个非限制性定语从句，主语较长，所以把作表语的形容词、过去分词、现在分词或不定式置于句首，句子用完全倒装。其正常语序是：The Ling'en Palace is adding to the extraordinary，...。
Hanging on the wall are two paintings by Qi Baishi.
墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。
①表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，常采用倒装语序。句子的动词多为go，come，rush等。但主语是人称代词时，就不用倒装。
②表示地点的介词短语开头的句子，也用倒装语序。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
在广场的中心矗立着一座纪念碑。
On the back wall hangs a portrait.
一幅画像挂在后墙上。
There goes the phone.I'll answer it.
电话响了，我要去接。
There comes the bus！车来了。
Suddenly，in came a man with a mask on his face.
突然，一个戴着面具的男人出现了。
Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women ________ with two bright eyes.
A．are a very shy girl
B．is a very shy girl
C．a very shy girl is
D．a very shy girl being
【解析】 句意：正坐在房间的后面，一些老人的前面是一个长着一双大眼睛的非常害羞的女孩。从句意和句子结构看，这是一个倒装句，主语是a very shy girl，谓语动词应该用单数，所以答案为B项。
【答案】 B
9．in terms of就……而言，从……方面说来
It is apparent that the Qing Tombs are influenced by the Ming Tombs，especially in terms of architecture and the way they are placed among the surrounding mountains and valleys.(P30－31)清陵明显受到明陵的影响，尤其是在建筑风格和在山谷之间的选址方面。
Think of it in terms of an investment.
从投资的角度来考虑那件事。
The job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages.就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人关系好/不好come to terms with接受(令人不快的事物)
on sb.'s own terms按照某人的主张
I think I've come to terms with losing my job now.
我觉得自己现在已接受了失业这一现实。
Tom is on good terms with his classmates.
汤姆与他同学的关系很好。
完成句子
①这在能量上是什么意思呢？
What does this________calories
②据说老张和那个部长的关系特别好。
It's said that Lao Zhang is ________ the minister.
【答案】 ①mean in terms of ②on good terms with
10．take up开始从事；占(时间、地方等)；处理；接受(建议，提议等)；继续做
The tombs，which were built over a period of 247 years，take up 78 square kilometres.(P31)这些陵墓的建造历时247年，占地78平方公里。
That big table takes up too much room.
那张大桌子占的地方太大了。
Learning English takes up a lot of my time.
学英语占了我许多时间。
He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.他开始学习英语之前已经学一年半日语了。
take apart拆卸，拆开
take down记下
take in欺骗；吸收，吸纳；收留
take off起飞
take on呈现
take over接收，接管
take care of照顾，照料
take away使消失；拿走，带走
He was homeless，so we took him in.
他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
The plane took off an hour late.
飞机起飞晚了一个小时。
写出take up在句子中的汉语意思
①When he left school he took up journalism.________
②He took up the invitation to visit.________
③I'll take up the story where you left off.________
④The table takes up too much space.________
⑤The hospital manager has promised to take the matter up with the member of staff involved.________
用take短语完成下列句子
⑥I'd like to ________ the point you raised earlier
⑦He ________ the company after his father died.
⑧I was given some pills to ________ the pain.
【答案】 ①从事 ②接受 ③继续讲 ④占据 ⑤处理 ⑥take up ⑦took over ⑧take away
11．as a result因此；结果是
As a result，the government has strengthened regulation to protect these historic sites.(P31)
因此政府加强管理来保护这些历史遗址。
He worked hard at his study.As a result，he passed the exam easily.
他学习很努力，因此他轻而易举地通过了这次考试。
as a result of由于……的结果
without result毫无结果地
result in造成；导致(接结果)
result from产生结果；发生；因……而引起(接原因)
She died as a result of injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。
As a result of the fire，thousands of people lost their homes.由于那场大火，数千人失去了家园。
The meeting was over without result.
会议毫无结果地结束了。
完成句子
①很多人因这次车祸丧生了。
Many people died __________________ the accident.
②这场车祸导致他的死亡。
The accident ________ his death.
③这次事故起因于粗心驾驶。
The accident ________ careless driving.
【答案】 ①as a result of ②resulted in ③resulted from
有关保护文化遗产的书面表达
本单元的写作项目与保护文化遗产有关。写作时应注意以下几点：
1．精心谋篇布局，巧妙构建文章框架
首先应交代自己的写作目的；接着可介绍目前文化遗产所面临的现状；最后号召人们保护文化遗产，提出解决问题的措施。如果提出的建议不止一条，应有序地进行介绍。
2．正确使用时态和语态，提高语言准确性
整篇文章应使用现在时态。介绍文化遗产的价值应使用一般现在时的主动语态。介绍文化遗产所受到的破坏应使用一般现在时的被动语态。表达自己的合理化建议时可用should，must，can等情态动词。
3．贴切使用过渡性词汇，提高行文逻辑性
总体介绍文化遗产的价值时可用As we all know，as you may have seen等过渡性短语；分层介绍文化遗产的重要性时可用not only...but also...，besides，what's more，in addition等作过渡；介绍破坏文化遗产的行为导致严重危害时可用however，for example，what's worse，to make things even worse，as a result，as a consequence等；逐条提建议时可使用first，second，then，at the same time，in the meanwhile，finally，at last，in the end等。相信这些过渡性词汇和短语的准确使用会有效增强文章的连贯性和逻辑性。
据报道每年6月的第二个星期六是我国的“文化遗产日”，目的是使人们增强保护文化遗产的意识。请你根据下列信息写一篇150词左右的宣传稿。
我国文化遗产现状：游客乱丢垃圾；乱涂乱画。
文化遗产的价值；更好地了解中国的历史和文化；是中国人的骄傲；向古人学习；促进旅游业和经济的发展。
措施：如何保护文化遗产。(至少两点)
注意：短文必须包括所有的内容要点，可适当发挥。
[思路分析]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：首先开门见山提出话题。接着从多个角度分析文化遗产的重要性，然后介绍目前文化遗产所面临的现状，最后号召人们保护文化遗产，提出解决问题的措施。
[词汇热身]
1．目标________
2．提醒________
3．有价值的________
4．而且________
5．对……有影响________
6．破坏；毁坏________
7．行为________
8．采取措施做……________
【答案】 1.aim/goal 2.remind...of 3.valuable/of value 4.besides/what's more/in addition 5.have an effect/impact/influence on 6.damage/destroy 7.be haviors 8.take measures/steps/action to do sth.
[句式温习]
1．据报道每年6月的第二个星期六是我国的“文化遗产日”，目的是增强人们保护文化遗产的意识。
________________the second Saturday each June is China Cultural Heritage Day，________________the importance of protecting the cultural relics around us.
2．众所周知，保护文化遗产非常重要，因为这些文化遗产不仅很有价值，而且能帮助我们更好地了解中国的历史和文化。
______________，it is important for us to protect cultural relics because cultural relics are ______________ of great value，______________ help us get a better understanding of China's history and culture.
3．例如，许多人不管到哪里参观都随地丢垃圾。
For example，a lot of people throw rubbish on the ground ______________．
4．因此，是时候我们该采取措施保护这些文化遗产了。
Therefore，______________we should take measures to protect cultural relics before it is too late.
【答案】 1.It is reported that；whose aim is to remind people of 2.As we all know；not only；but also 3.wherever they are visiting 4.it is high time that
[连句成篇]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_
【参考范文】
It is reported that the second Saturday each June is China Cultural Heritage Day ，whose aim is to remind people of the importance of protecting the cultural relics around us.
As we all know，it is important for us to protect cultural relics because cultural relics are not only of great value ，but also help us get a better understanding of China's history and culture.Besides，we can learn a lot from our ancestors and feel proud of being a Chinese.What's more，they have a positive effect on local economy and tourism.
However，some cultural relics are being damaged now.For example，a lot of people throw rubbish on the ground wherever they are visiting.Also，the young like to write their names on walls of buildings.These bad behaviors have caused such a terrible result that a large number of cultural heritages have been badly destroyed.
Therefore，it is high time that we should take measures to protect cultural relics before it is too late.There are many things we can do.We can educate people by making speeches or putting up posters outside some places of interest.At the same time ，money can be collected to have some threatened cultural relics repaired.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ vt.联想，联系 adj.非正式的；副职的
2．________ adj.平的；平淡的，单调的 n．公寓，单元房
3．________ vt.任命，委任
4．________ vt.修理；解决
5．________ adj.稳步的，持续的，匀速的
6．________ n．评估，评价
7．________n．(戏剧的)演出；电影，戏剧
8．________n．灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物)
9．________ vt.& vi.离婚，使分离n.离婚；分离
10．________ n．风流韵事；公共事务；事件
11．________ vt.判刑 n．判决，宣判
12．________ adj.明显的，显而易见的
13．________ n．管理，管控；规章制度，条例
14．________ vt.强调；重读n.强调；重读，重音；压力
15．________ vt.&vi.登记，注册n.登记表，注册簿
【答案】 1.associate 2.flat 3.appoint 4.mend
5．steady 6.assessment 7.production 8.inspiration
9．divorce 10.affair 11.sentence 12.apparent
13．regulation 14.stress 15.register
B．词汇拓展
16．________ n．政治→________ adj.政治上的
17．________ n．偷，偷窃→________ n．小偷
18．________ n．埃及→________ n．埃及人
19．________ n．装饰品；装潢→________ vt.装饰
20．________ n．帮助，援助→________ v．帮助，协助
【答案】 16.politics；political 17.theft；thief
18．Egypt；Egyptian 19.decoration；decorate
20．assistance；assist
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________察觉到……，意识到……
2. ________________对……有影响
3. ________________为纪念……，为向……表示敬意
4．________________ 尤其，特别
5．________________把……和……联系在一起
6．________________make huge contributions to
7．________________be charged with
8．________________sentence sb.to death.
9．________________on behalf of sb.
10．________________in terms of
【答案】 1.become/be aware of 2.have an influence on
3．in honour of 4.in particular 5.associate...with
6．对……做出巨大贡献 7.被指控犯……罪 8.判处某人死刑 9.代表某人，代替某人 10.在……方面，从……方面来说
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子
11．Everyone should ______________the risks related to the environment pollution.
12．He ______________ the success of the project.
13．He______________ murder.
14．I would like to thank you all ______________ our family.
15．People always ______________ films ______________ Hollywood.
16．He loves science fiction ______________．
【答案】 11.be aware of 12.made huge contributions to 13.was charged with 14.on behalf of 15.associate；with 16.in particular
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Therefore，the committee is teaching people how to avoid damaging important historic buildings like those on the Acropolis.
【句式仿写】 我不知道怎么回答他的问题。
________________________________________________________________________
2．This is because the Greeks made huge contributions in the two fields.
【句式仿写】 那是因为他起晚了。
__________________________________________________________________
3．We consider it very important that students understand the past，...
【句式仿写】 我认为保护自然环境很重要。
__________________________________________________________________
4．Of the thirteen tombs，only Changling，Dingling and Zhaoling are open to the public.
【句式仿写】 在我们班所有的学生中，李雷个子最高。
__________________________________________________________________.
5．It is apparent that the Qing Tomb's are influenced by the Ming Tombs，...
【句式仿写】 从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.I don't know how to answer his question.
2．That is because he got up late. 3.I consider it very important to protect the natural environment. 4.Of all the students in our class，Li Lei is the tallest. 5.It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.【美文阅读】
加拿大的枫叶世界闻名，你知道枫叶为什么可以成为加拿大国家的标志吗？
Why Is the Maple Leaf a Canadian Symbol
The maple tree is important to the Canadian economy and environment as well as being a beautiful and iconic part of the Canadian landscape.Thirteen species of maple are native to North America，and 10 of them are found in Canada.Throughout history，the maple leaf has gained importance as a Canadian symbol，to the point where it is now the most recognizable symbol of the country.
Early Importance
It's thought that the maple leaf was used as a Canadian symbol as early as 1700.Even before that，maple sap served as an important source of food for the native population.
First Official Use as a Symbol
The Saint Jean Baptiste Society was founded in 1834 to preserve the French language and national history and to promote the independence of Quebec.The society chose the maple leaf as its symbol.In 1848 the maple leaf was referred to as the chosen emblem of Canada in a Toronto literary annual.
Used by Troops
By 1860，the 100th Regiment (the Royal Canadians) incorporated the image of the maple leaf into its badge.It was again used by Canadian troops in 1939 during World War Ⅱ as a distinctive symbol of their Canadian identity.
Confederation Song
In 1867，Alexander Muir wrote Canada's confederation song.It was titled The Maple Leaf Forever and was regarded as the national song of Canada for many decades.
State Symbol
Ontario and Quebec included the maple leaf in their coat of arms by 1867.
Use on Currency
At one point，the maple leaf was on every Canadian coin，but today it remains on only the penny.
National Symbol
On February 15，1965，the national flag of Canada was inaugurated.The red and white flag features the maple leaf as the only symbol.Previously the Canadian flag had a small Union Jack in the upper left corner.French Canadians did not approve because they had no ties to England.English Canadians were more keen to keep it.One third of the population was neither French Canadian nor English Canadian and wanted something entirely new.The maple leaf symbolized and celebrated a uniquely Canadian identity.
【诱思导学】
1．Do you know how many species of maple are there in Canada
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Ten.
2．Do you know something about the national song and flag of Canada
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 略
Period ⅠPreviewing
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P2－3的课文，完成下列表格
Canada—land of maple trees
Paragraph part contents
1－2 Ⅰ.the outline of Canada Canada is one of the largest countries in the world，which has been famous for its fantastic natural scenery.It also has vast areas of 1.________from the Arctic north to the border with the USA in the south.Within this huge country，there are 2.________，vast mountain ranges，enormous open plains，countless rivers and endless forests.
3－7 Ⅱ.the cities of Canada There are many famous cities in Canada，where lives a vast majority of 3.________of about 30 million people.Toronto is the largest and the most multicultural city，in the heart of which is the 4.________．Montreal is the 5.________in Canada，and also the second largest French speaking city in the world，second only to Paris.Vancouver is a beautiful 6.________ with superb scenery and also has one of the largest Chinese populations in North America.Edmonton is home to the West Edmonton 7.________，which is one of the largest indoor shopping centres in the world.
8 Ⅲ.Niagara Falls It is nearer to the 8.________，which is the best known natural phenomenon，attracting millions of travellers in the world every year.
9 Ⅳ.the history of Canada In 1896，about one million people left their homes and came to the Klondike frontier area in the north west of Canada to 9.________in the Gold Rush.Then many stayed and built settlements in the area.
10－11 Ⅴ.the maple trees of Canada 10.________is Canada's national symbol.
【答案】 1.wilderness 2.frozen wastes 3.Canada's population 4.Canadian National Tower 5.second largest city 6.harbour 7.Mall 8.Atlantic coast 9.seek their fortune 10.The maple leaf
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2－3的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．Canada is one of the largest countries in the world，second only to China.
B．Toronto is the largest city in Canada.
C．Maple syrup is Canada's most famous food.
2．In which city is the tallest tower in the world located
A．Montreal. B．Toronto. C．Vancouver.
3．Why does Montreal has a wonderful mix of Old world and New World
A．Because it's the largest French speaking city in the world.
B．Because it's a port and the second largest city in Canada.
C．Because Quebec was originally colonized by France and its population is still over 70 per cent French.
4．Which of the following facts about the Edmonton Mall is wrong
A．It is said to be the largest pedestrian mall in the world.
B．It has an area of more than 20 football pitches.
C．It attracts over 55，000 customers every year.
【答案】 1－4 ABCC
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Canada is one of the largest countries in the world with famous fantastic natural scenery，whose 1.________wilderness is from the Arctic north to 2.________with the USA to the south.There are frozen wastes，vast mountain ranges，huge open fields，3.________ rivers and endless forests within this huge country.
The vast majority of Canada's population of over 30 million people lives in cities 4.________Toronto，Montreal，Vancouver and Edmonton.Toronto，the largest city，5.________among the most multicultural cities in the world.In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower.Montreal is the second largest city in Canada，which is a wonderful mix of Old World(European)and New World(North American)6.________．Besides，Canada has the famous 7.________，Niagara Falls and the interesting history.
If you visit Canada during the autumn，you can see the red maple leaf—Canada's national 8.________．
Canada was named as one of the best countries in the world to 9.________ just because of these 10.________．
【答案】 1.vast areas of 2.the border 3.countless
4．such as 5.ranks 6.architecture and culture 7.water falls 8.symbol 9.live in 10.attractions
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．border A．the line that divides two countries or areas
2．countless B．based on facts，not on ideas or guesses
3．freezing C．very many；too many to be counted or mentioned
4．recreation D．extremely cold
5．rank E．forceful，and having a lot of energy
6．concrete F．to give sb./sth.a particular position on a scale according to quality，importance，success
7．dynamic G．the fact of people doing things for enjoyment，when they are not working
8．sheet H．a piece of paper for writing or printing on，etc.，usually in a standard size
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.G 5.F 6.B 7.E 8.H
Ⅱ.短语填空
second only to；in addition to；be home to；be shaped like；for short；seek one's fortune；little more than；be abundant in
1．The Rockies________ bears and mountain lions.
2．Cancer is ________heart disease as a cause of death.
3．Her name is Alexander，“Al”________．
4．He did some cleaning________ his homework this Sunday.
5．The country________natural resources.
6．The Sydney Opera House's roof ________a ship's sails.
【答案】 1.are home to 2.second only to 3.for short 4.in addition to 5.is abundant in 6.is shaped like
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Canada is one of the largest countries in the world，second only to Russia，and has always been famous for its fantastic natural scenery.
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，在面积上仅次于俄罗斯，素来以绚丽的自然风光闻名于世。
2．In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower，which is often called the CN Tower for short.
在多伦多市中心是加拿大国家电视塔，通常被简称为CN塔。
3．Montreal，a port in the province of Quebec，is the second largest city in Canada，and also the second largest French speaking city in the world，Paris being the largest．
蒙特利尔，魁北克省的一个港口，是加拿大的第二大城市，也是世界上第二大讲法语的城市，巴黎是最大的。
4．The waterfalls，the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.
尼亚加拉瀑布群宽670米，白色水幕飞流直下56米，令人叹为观止，其中最大的瀑布形似一个半圆。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
1．experience n．[C]经历[U]经验
Learning about other countries and their cultures is a rewarding experience.(P1)
了解其他国家及其文化是一个很有价值的经历。
In my experience，very intelligent people can still make terrible mistakes.
依我的经验来看，绝顶聪明的人照样会犯严重的错误。
He had many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.他在非洲旅行时有许多有趣的经历。
have experience of/in/with在……方面有经验
gain/get experience获得经验
experience v．经历；体验；体会到
experienced adj.有经验的；有阅历的；熟练的
He is experienced in looking after children.
他在照看孩子方面很有经验。
At his house，I experienced Chinese hospitality at first hand.在他家里我亲身体验了中国人的热情好客。
【提示】 experience作“经验”解时，通常用作不可数名词；作“经历”解，是可数名词。
It is________ really exciting experience to jump from________ plane at 10，000 feet in the sky.
A．a；the B．an；a
C．a；a D．the；an
【解析】 句意：从高空10 000英尺的飞机上跳下来确实是一次让人兴奋不已的经历。experience意为“经历”，a really exciting experience表示“一次确实令人激动的经历”；第二空后的plane也是可数名词，泛指，故选用不定冠词。
【答案】 C
2．second(only)to(仅)次于……，用来表示某事物接近最大的或最重要的等
Canada is one of the largest countries in the world，second only to Russia，and has always been famous for its fantastic natural scenery.(P2)加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，(面积上)仅次于俄罗斯，并且，加拿大一直以来都以其绚丽的自然风光而闻名。
In terms of scoring goals，he is second only to Yao Ming.就进球来说，他仅次于姚明。
Our city is second only to Nanjing in size in our province.
我们市是仅次于南京的全省第二大城市。
second to none最好的；首屈一指的；不亚于任何人的
have second thoughts改变主意；产生怀疑
on second thought(s)又一想；再一想
We provide a service that is second to none.
我们提供最好的服务。
完成句子
①我的亲人当中，我除了爱我的儿子之外，其次就是我的妻子。
My wife is ________________________ my son in my affections.
句型转换
②Nobody is a better dancer than he is.
→As a dancer，he is ________________________________________________.
③She has changed her mind about the plan.
→She has ______________________ about the plan.
【答案】 ①second only to ②second to none ③had second thoughts
3．Within this huge country，there are frozen wastes，vast mountain ranges，huge open fields，countless rivers and endless forests.(P2)在这片广袤的国土上有冰封的荒原，巍峨的山脉，辽阔的平原，无数的河流以及无边无际的森林。
(1)waste n．荒原，不毛之地；浪费，滥用(常与of连用)；废物
Seldom has anyone been to the frozen wastes of Siberia.
很少有人去过西伯利亚的冻土荒原。
It's a waste of money to buy that.
买那个东西是白浪费金钱。
Why do you waste money on clothes you don't need
为什么浪费钱买你不需要的衣服呢？
The waste products should be sorted out.
这些废品应该被分类。
①waste adj.废弃的，荒芜的
②waste v．浪费，滥用。常用结构：waste ...on sth./(in) doing sth.浪费……在某事上/做某事
waste/rubbish
都是不可数名词，都指“不能用的东西”。
waste 意为“废物”。
rubbish 意为“垃圾”。
Waste must be prevented from running into rivers.
必须防止废物流入河里。
Pick up the rubbish and burn it.把垃圾捡起来并烧掉。
①She________no time in rejecting the offer.
A．waste B．wasted
C．give D．cost
【解析】 句意：她当即拒绝了提议。根据题意可知选B。
【答案】 B
(2)range n．排；连续；山脉；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程v.排列，使……排队；(动植物)分布；(在一定范围内)变化，变动；(范围)涉及
Between Italy and France，there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间有一系列山脉叫阿尔卑斯山。
The ages of the students range from 15 to 18 years old in our class.我们班学生的年龄从15到18岁不等。
range from...to...在……范围内变化
range...in rows把……排成排
a high mountain range 一系列高的山脉
in/within range (of sth.)在射程以内；在……范围内
beyond/out of range(of sth.)在射程以外；在……范围外
a wide range of interests兴趣广泛
Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves.
杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。
By now the ship was within range of enemy radar.
该船现已进入敌人雷达的范围内。
【对接高考】
(2010·湖北高考)This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
【解析】 考查名词辨析。foods后面的定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets(适合各种口味和消费层次)说明该饭店的食物多种多样，所以应该用range。而A项division是“划分，分开”的意思；B项area是“区域”的意思；D项circle则是“圆圈，环”的意思，显然A、B和D项不合句意。
【答案】 C
完成句子
②那是一个气温变化很大的地方。
That is a place ________ of temperature.
③夏天，每升啤酒的价格从50美分到4美元不等。
The price of beer ________ 50 cents________ D|S4 per liter during the summer season.
【答案】 ②with a wide range ③ranges from；to
4．abundant adj.丰富的
There are many wild animals in the forests and on the freezing lands in the north，and fish are abundant in the seas and rivers.(P2)在森林里、在北方的冰封之地有着许多野生动物，海洋和河流中有着大量的鱼类。
The lake is abundant in trout.这湖里有很多鳟鱼。
在……方面很丰富/充裕
The country is abundant in fresh water.
这个国家淡水资源丰源。
However________certain natural resources may be，they cannot reproduce themselves and are bound to be used up ultimately.
A．rare ·B．abundant
C．valuable D．luxurious
【解析】 句意：不管某些自然资源多么丰富，它们自己不会再生，终究要被用完的。abundant丰富的；rare稀少的；valuable有价值的；luxurious豪华的，奢侈的。
【答案】 B
5．For those who love natural recreation，it is possible to walk，sail，or cross country ski for hours—or even days—without meeting another person.(P2)对于热爱户外活动的人来说，在远足、帆船运动或越野滑雪旅游中，他们可能好几个小时甚至好几天都碰不到一个人。
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事是有可能的。
It is not possible to live on the moon.
在月球上生活是不可能的。
It is possible to finish the work in two hours.
在两小时内完成这项工作是可能的。
possible/probable/likely
possible 可能性最小，指客观上有可能，往往含有“希望很小”的意味。不用人作主语。
probable 可能性最大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。同样不用人作主语。
likely 表示外表迹象表明的有可能。这三个词中，只有likely可以用人作主语。
It is possible，though not probable，that he will come tomorrow.他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。
It is possible for me to do it.我可能做那件事。
He is likely to come.
＝It is likely that he will come.他可能会来。
A war is________to break out between South Korea and North Korea，because each of them wants to________ its own land.
A．possible；defend B．probable；defence
C．likely；defend D．likely；defence
【解析】 likely可以用物作主语，而possible和probable不能；defend为动词，意为“保卫”。
【答案】 C
6．Canadians，especially wildlife photographers and hunters，are quite fond of this wilderness，and you will be too.(P2)加拿大人非常喜欢这片荒原，特别是野生生物摄影师和猎人，相信你也会喜欢。
(1)especially adv.尤其，特别地
His two sons are very tall，especially the young one.
他的两个儿子都很高，尤其是小儿子。
Noise is unpleasant，especially when you're trying to sleep.噪音真讨厌，尤其是当你要入睡的时候。
especially/specially
相同点 不同点
它们都可作“专门地”、“特意地”、“格外地”、“特别地”、“很”、“非常”表达事情不寻常，过分或特别重要。 especially常常作“尤其是”、“特别是”解，引出同位语或强调主语、宾语、状语(包括状语从句)等，表示程度或起补充说明作用。强调主语，放在主语之后。special意为“专门地”、“特别地”，表示为一特殊的目的。
I'm sorry you don't like the skirt，especially because he bought it specially for you.我非常遗憾你不喜欢这条裙子，特别是因为他专门为你买的。
①It's always difficult being in a foreign country，________if you don't speak the language.
A．extremely B．naturally
C．basically D．especially
【解析】 especially意为“特别地”，从句意可以看出，应填especially(尤其是……)，强调不会说那个国家的语言会感到更加困难。extremely意为“极端地”，naturally意为“自然地”，basically意为“基本上”，故选D。
【答案】 D
(2)be fond of喜爱
He was fond of drawing when he was a child.
他还是个孩子时就喜欢画画。
Over the years，I have grown quite fond of her.
经过这么多年，我已相当喜欢她了。
【提示】 (1)fond作“喜欢的，喜爱的”讲时，在句中多用作表语，常与of连用，后接名词、代词或动名词，接动名词间或可指不良习惯，不与动词不定式连用。
(2)fond常用于肯定句中，可用very等副词修饰，以加强语气，但前面不可用much或very much修饰。
Some people are fond of light music.
有些人喜欢轻音乐。
Sheila is very fond of telling other people what to do.
希拉非常喜欢对别人指手画脚。
②More and more young people are fond ________ playing basketball nowadays.
A．on B．to C．in D．of
【解析】 be fond of是固定短语，意为“喜欢”。
【答案】 D
7．for short简称；缩略
In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower，which is often called the CN Tower for short.(P2)在多伦多市中心是加拿大国家电视塔，通常被简称为CN塔。
Her name is Elizabeth，or Liz for short.
她叫伊丽莎白，也可以简称为莉兹。
be short for ……的缩写
be short of缺少；缺乏；短缺
in short总之；简而言之
I'm afraid I'm a little short of money this month.
我怕这月有点缺钱。
Few likes his novels.In short，they are old fashioned.
没有人喜欢他的小说，简言之，它们都过时了。
句型转换
①PRC is short for the People's Republic of China.
→We call the People's Republic of China PRC ________．
②In England，people call James Jim for short.
→In England，____________________．
【答案】 ①for short ②Jim is short for James
8．Montreal，a port in the province of Quebec，is the second largest city in Canada，and also the second largest French speaking city in the world，Paris being the largest．(P2)蒙特利尔，魁北克省的一个港口，是加拿大的第二大城市，也是世界上第二大讲法语的城市，巴黎是最大的。
Paris being the largest是独立主格结构，相当于and Paris is the largest。独立主格结构，又叫独立结构，它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟句子没有任何句法联系，但在意义上却与句子紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语言环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特的结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与句子隔开。
It being fine tomorrow，we'll go outing.
如果明天天气好，我们就去郊游。
The president assassinated (＝After the president was assassinated)，the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
独立主格结构的构成是：
①名词(代词)＋现在分词/过去分词；
②名词(代词)＋形容词；
③名词(代词)＋副词；
④名词(代词)＋不定式；
⑤名词(代词)＋介词短语；
⑥with/without＋名词(代词)＋宾语补足语。
The test finished (＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。
Weather permitting (＝If weather permits)，we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
He came out of the library，(with)a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
句型转换
①When night came on，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
→________，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
②When all the guests were seated，they began their dinner.
→________，they began their dinner.
【答案】 ①Night coming on ②All the guests seated
9．It also has superb scenery，a beautiful harbour，and all the comforts of modern life and international cuisine，in addition to being close to some very popular ski areas.(P3)除了附近有一些非常受欢迎的滑雪胜地之外，它还有着绝佳的风景，美丽的港口，各种现代生活所需的舒适设施以及各国的美食。
(1)comfort vt.安慰n.安慰；安慰者，舒适，舒服
It is a great comfort to know that she is safe.
知道她安然无恙是令人宽慰的好事。
These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance.
这些网球鞋的设计穿起来舒服，易于发挥成绩。
in comfort舒适；安逸
take comfort in/from从……中得到慰藉
a great comfort to sb.对某人来说是极大的安慰
comfortable adj.舒适的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的
They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。
He took comfort from my words.
他从我的话中得到安慰。
She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon be spring.
她想到春天很快就要来临，以此来宽慰自己。
【提示】 当comfort笼统指“舒服，舒适”时，是不可数名词，但当指某个具体的人或事时，常用作可数名词。与之用法相同的词还有：failure，success，pleasure等。
用comfort的适当形式填空
①The hotel offers a high standard of ________ and service.
②It ________her to feel his arms around her.
③These shoes are not very________．
④Please make yourself________while I get some coffee.
【答案】 ①comfort ②comforted ③comfortable ④comfortable
(2)in addition to“除……之外(还)；加之……”，后接名词、代词或动名词作其宾语
In addition to French，he has to study Japanese.
除了法语外，他还得学日语。
In addition to all of the above，she won a Pulitzer prize in 1980.除上述外，她还在一九八零年获得了普立兹奖。
in addition单独使用时，可置于句首、句中或句末，表示“加之；又；此外(还)”。
besides除……之外
apart from除……之外
on top of除……之外
There is，in addition，one further point to make.
另外(此外)，还有一点要说。
Apart from native plants，this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的树和花。
⑤________ being admitted to a key university，the boy was given an award of D|S5，000.
A．In addition to B．Beside
C．Except for D．Except
【解析】 in addition to意为“加之，除……之外(还)”；beside意为“在……旁边”，如改为besides则正确；except意为“除……之外(不包括)”；except for意为“除……之外(不包括)”。
【答案】 A
10．consist of由……组成；由……构成
The mall consists of eight kilometres of passages，filled with shops，art galleries and even a water park.(P3)该购物中心由八千米长的通道构成，到处都是商店、艺术画廊，甚至还有一个水上公园。
This year's team，coached by Jackson，consisted entirely of college players.
今年由杰克逊执教的球队完全由大学生球员组成。
Cake consists of flour，sugar，egg and some other ingredients.蛋糕由面粉、糖、蛋和一些其他配料制成。
由……组成
存在于，在于
The groupten boys and twelve girls won the game.
由十个男孩和十二个女孩组成的小组赢得了比赛。
The true wealth doesn't consist in what we have，but in what we are.真正的财富不是财产，而是人格。
The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colors.这幅画的美在于其色彩的协调。
consist of/make up
consist of 常用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”，不能用于被动语态。
make up 常用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”，其被动结构为be made up of。另外，make up还可以表示“编造，和解，弥补”。
Ten members make up the committee.
这个委员会由十人组成。
The committee is made up of ten members.
这个委员会由十人组成。
①The crew ________ four sailors and a captain.
A．consist of B．is consisted of
C．are consisted of D．consists of
【解析】 crew是集合名词，看成一个整体，故谓语动词用单数；consist of是主动形式表示被动含义。
【答案】 D
②The beauty of the plan ________ its simplicity.
A．consists in B．consists of
C．consists with D．consists by
【解析】 考查动词短语的区别。句意：这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。consist in“在于，存在于”；consist of“由……组成，由……构成”；consist with不是固定词组。
【答案】 A
11．shape vt.形成；使……成形；塑造；整理；进展；表达
The waterfalls，the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.(P3)
尼亚加拉瀑布有670米宽，令人惊骇的白色水帘落差在56米，其中最大的一个形状酷似半圆。
The flower is shaped like a bird.
那朵花形状像只鸟。
People's political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers.人们的政治观点受报纸的影响。
①shape A from B＝shape B into A 用B做成A
shape up 改进，进展，发展
shape up or ship out 不好好干就卷铺盖走人
②shape n．形状，外形，健康，状况
in good/bad/poor shape 情况良好/不佳/很糟
in shape 健康状况良好
out of shape 健康状况不好
in the shape of 以……的形式
take shape 形成，使形成……
Our plans are shaping up nicely.
我们的计划进展顺利。
The boss told him to shape up or ship out.
老板告诉他要么好好干，要么走人。
I like to keep in shape.我喜欢保持健康。
完成句子
①这个水池呈心的形状。
The pool ____________ a heart.
②作为那把年纪的人来说，他的身体不错。
He ____________ for a man of his age.
③这花园逐渐像样了。
The garden is beginning ______________ .
④他要是不改好，很快就会丢饭碗的。
If he doesn't ____________，he'll soon be out of a job.
【答案】 ①is in the shape of ②is in good shape ③to take shape ④shape up
12．seek one's fortune(s)寻找发财机会
Approximately one million people left their homes and travelled westwards to seek their fortune in the Gold Rush.(P3)在“淘金热”中，约有一百万人为了发财而背井离乡奔向西部。
Many Chinese people went to seek their fortunes in California in the “Gold Rush”．许多中国人在“淘金热”期间去加利福尼亚寻找发财机会。
He is going to Canada to seek his fortune.
他去加拿大想赚大钱。
come into a fortune(因继承等而)得到财产
have good fortune运气好
make a fortune发财
fame and fortune名利
try one's fortune碰运气
He went to Beijing to try his fortune.
他去北京碰运气了。
He made fame and fortune by working hard.
他通过努力工作赢得了名利。
完成句子
①When he was young，he went to America to ____________(寻找发财机会)．
②We must ____________(致富)by means of industry.
【答案】 ①seek his fortune ②make a fortune
13．supply v．供应，提供；供给
The tree itself supplies Canada's most famous food—maple syrup—which goes well with pancakes.(P3)枫树还产出枫树糖浆，这是加拿大最有名的食品，配上薄煎饼一起吃就再完美不过了。
It is said that they supplied terrorist organizations with weapons.据说他们向恐怖组织提供了武器。
Every year，our school supplies some desks and chairs to the schools in poor areas.
我们学校每年向贫困地区学校提供部分课桌椅。
supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to sb.
＝provide sth.for sb.＝provide sb.with sth.
＝offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
供给/提供某物给某人
句型转换
This has provided police with a vital clue.
→This has __________ police __________ a vital clue.(supply)
→This has __________ a vital clue __________ police.(offer)
【答案】 supplied；with；offered；to
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
1．North of England is Scotland，where there are many lakes and mountains.(P7)苏格兰位于英格兰的北部，有很多很多的湖泊和山脉。
North of England is Scotland是一个倒装句，实际上本句的语序为Scotland is on the north of England。当介词on，to，in省略时，冠词一块略去。
Switzerland lies(to the)north of Italy.(＝North of Italy lies Switzerland.)
瑞士在意大利的北边。
in，on，to用于方位名词前时，表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内；to表示在某范围之外；on表示“毗邻，接壤”，也可用to代替on。
Yunnan Province is/lies in the southwest of China.
云南省位于中国的西南部。
Japan is/lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东部。
Mongolia is/lies on/to the north of China.
蒙古位于中国的北部。
完成句子
①我们学校在山的南部。
____________ is our school.
②墨西哥位于北美的南部。
Mexico is ____________ North America.
③加拿大位于美国之北。
Canada lies ____________ the United States.
④新加坡的北部邻国是马来西亚。
____________ Singapore lies Malaysia.
【答案】 ①South of the mountain ②in the south of ③to/on the north of ④(On the)North of
2．be known for因为……而出名
The city is well known for its shipbuilding.(P7)
这个城市因为造船而出名。
Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.
杭州因为西湖而出名。
be known for/be known as/be known in/be known to
be known for 因……而出名，表示出名的原因。
be known as 作为……而出名，表示因为“某身份，地位”而出名。
be known in 在……出名，表示出名的“地区”。
be known to 对于……而言是出名的，表示对应的“人群”。
He is known for his novels as a writer to the young in his country.他作为一名作家在他的国家里对于年轻人而言因为他的小说而出名。
Lu Xun is known________his works________a great writer________all the Chinese people.
A．as；to；for B．for；to；as
C．for；as；to D．as；for；to
【解析】 句意：鲁迅作为一个伟大作家因其著作而闻名，这是所有中国人所熟知的。be known as“作为……而闻名”；be known to“对……熟知”；be known for“因……而著名”。根据句意选C项。
【答案】 C
3．play an important role in在……中起重要作用/扮演重要角色
These three festivals play an important role in our school life.(P9)这三个节目在我们的学校生活中起着很重要的作用。
He played a role in the film.
他在这部电影中扮演一个角色。
plan a part in＝play a role in在……中起作用/扮演角色
翻译句子
①森林在保护环境方面起着重要作用。
__________________________________________________________________
②他在这部电影中扮演一个重要角色。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①The forest plays an important role/part in protecting the environment.②He played one of the greatest roles/parts in the movie.
4．They appeal to us students because we can all have fun and benefit a lot from them.(P9)这些节日迎合我们学生的喜好，因为我们都能玩得痛快并从中获益良多。
(1)appeal to sb.动人心弦；投某人所好；对某人有感染力
The film appeals to young people.
这部电影投合年轻人的喜好。
The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s and 30s.这本杂志的读者对象是二十几岁到三十几岁的职业女性。
①appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.向某人呼吁/恳求……
appeal to 向……申诉
appeal for 恳求，呼吁
②appeal n．恳求；呼吁；上诉
make/launch an appeal 发出呼吁
We're appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.我们恳请看到嫌疑犯的人和我们联系。
The United Nations' appeal for a ceasefire(停火)has been accepted by both sides.
双方接受了联合国关于停火的呼吁。
【对接高考】
(2010·安徽高考)—How did you like Nick's performance last night
—To be honest，his singing didn't ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
【解析】 考查动词辨析。答句句意：说实话他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to意为“吸引”；belong to 意为“属于”；refer to意为“提及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。
【答案】 A
句型转换
①We appealed to him for help.
→We ________________to him for help.
【答案】 made/launched an appeal
(2)benefit vt.有益于；有助于；受益
It is an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它将对公司有好处。
He will benefit from the new way of doing business.
他将从经营业务的新方法中获益。
benefit from/by...从……受益，得益于
benefit sb.对某人有益
benefit n．好处，利益；优势
be of (much/great)benefit to sb.
＝be beneficial to sb.对某人有益处
be of no benefit to sb.对某人没有益处
for the benefit of...为了……的利益
I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language.
从学习外语中我得到许多益处。
That experience was of great benefit to me.
那个经验对我很有益处。
For the benefit of those people who arrived late，I'll go over the plan again.
为了那些迟到的人，我将把计划再讲一遍。
用benefit短语的适当形式填空
②The new regulations will ______________everyone concerned.
③The warning sign was put there ____________ the public.
④He told me that he ______________ daily exercise.
【答案】 ②be of benefit to/benefit ③for the benefit of ④benefited from
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。
①Canada has vast areas of wilderness，from the Arctic north，where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade，to the 8，892 kilometre long border with the USA to the south，which is the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.
②For those who love natural recreation，It is possible to walk，sail or cross country ski for hours—or even days—without meeting another person.
③In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower，which is often called the CN Tower for short.
④Quebec，which was first settled by the French，was lost to the British in 1763，but its population is still over 70 per cent French.
⑤The waterfalls，the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.
⑥In autumn，maple leaves turn a beautiful red.The tree itself supplies Canada's most famous food—maple syrup—which goes well with pancakes.
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语(whose常作定语)等。关系副词有where，when，why等，在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语等。
一、关系代词的用法比较
1．that和which
(1)that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以代替who，whom，which，但是在下列情况下一般只能用that(作宾语时可以省略)而不用which引导定语从句来指物。
①先行词被序数词修饰时
The first film(that)I saw can't be remembered.
我看过的第一部电影记不起来了。
②先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时
This is the most expensive pen(that)I have ever bought.这是我买过的最贵的一支钢笔。
③先行词是all，everything，something，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时
I'll do everything(that)I can to help you.
我将尽我所能地帮助你。
④先行词被the only，the very修饰时
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
唯一重要的事是找到回家的路。
⑤先行词既有人也有物时
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.请看沿街走上前来的那个人和他的那头驴子。
(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。在下列情况下只能用which引导定语从句，而不用that。
①which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。
He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.他数学考试不及格，这件事让他父亲很生气。
②在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。
This is the factory in which my brother used to work.
这是我哥哥过去工作的工厂。
2．as与which引导非限制性定语从句的比较
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可以放在句首而which则不能。
As we expected，he performed the task with success.
正如我们所期望的那样，他成功地完成了任务。
(2)as可用于类似插入语的句式中，例如：as is known to all，as it is，as is said above等，而which不可以。
This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see.
谁都看得出，这头大象像一条蛇。
(3)在定语从句中，as除了能充当一定的句子成分外，还具有“正如(像……)”“由……而知”等意义，而which无此义。
He agreed to the plan，as we expected.
正如我们所预料的，他同意这个计划。
3．whose与of whom，of which引导的定语从句
whose在定语从句中作定语，可指人(的)也可指物(的)，whose指物(的)时常可用of which代替，whose指人(的)时常可用of whom代替。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
(＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the world.)
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
(＝Nobody wants the house the roof of which has fallen in.)
二、关系副词的用法
关系副词可以替代先行词是时间、地点、原因的名词，并在句中担任状语成分。
1．when指时间，代替时间名词，如：time，hour，morning，day，year等，在定语从句中做时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我还记得第一天来校的那天。
2．where指地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place，table，room，spot，house，school等，在定语从句中做地点状语。
This is the place where I often park my car.
这是我经常停车的地方。
3．why指原因，其先行词只有表示原因的名词reason，在定语从句中做原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。
【提示】 关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句替换。
The reason for which/why he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝邀请的原因还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.我出生的地方发生了巨大的变化。
I still remember the day on which/when I met my English teacher.我还记得遇到英语老师的那天。
Period ⅣTask & Project
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P14－15的课文，判断正误
1．Australians talk about sport all the time wherever they meet.( )
2．Many of Australians loves sports because of the climate there.( )
3．Children in Australia are encouraged to take part in team sports like cricket and various forms of football.( )
【答案】 1－3 TFT
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P14－15的课文，选择最佳答案
1．How many people actually do much sport in Australia
A．Most of Australians.
B．About one quarter of Australians.
C．Not mentioned in the passage.
2．What are popular activities for many families at the weekend in Australia
A．Swimming and surfing.
B．Tennis.
C．Football.
3．What is a must to enjoy the game of cricket
A．Time. B．Money. C．Patience.
【答案】 1－3 BAC
1．Occupying the heart of New York City，the sidewalks here are full of life and bright lights.(P11)由于位于纽约市中心，这里的人行道很有人气，到处都是明亮的灯光。
(1)Occupying the heart of New York City是现在分词作原因状语，相当于状语从句：As it occupies the heart of New York City。现在分词短语表原因一般置于句首。如果分词的动作先于谓语动词，用现在分词的完成式；现在分词的否定要把not放在现在分词前。
Living far from my company，I have to get up early every morning.
由于住得离公司太远，我只好每天早晨早起。
Having smoked too much，he has suffered from lung cancer.由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌。
Not knowing her address，I might as well telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她过来。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考)________the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
【解析】 句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】 B
句型转换
①Because I knew a lot of people needed medical help，I decided to be a volunteer worker.
→________a lot of people needed medical help，I decided to be a volunteer worker.
②As he was idle in his youth，he has to work hard in his old age.
→________idle in his youth，he has to work hard in his old age.
③Because I was asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
→________to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
【答案】 ①Knowing ②Having been ③Having been asked
(2)occupy vt.占领；占据；侵占；占用；占有；占(空间、时间等)
Excuse me，is the seat occupied
请问，这座位有人坐了吗？
Anxieties occupied his mind.他心里充满了焦虑。
occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth.
忙于……，专心于……
be occupied with sth.＝be occupied (in)doing sth.
忙于……，忙着做……
occupation n.
①占有；占领(状态)；占据；占有权；占领地；居住
an occupation bridge (road)专用(占用)桥梁(道路)
an army of occupation占领军
②职业；工作，事情，业务；消遣
an occupation census职业统计调查
domestic side line occupations家庭副业
He occupied himself with various projects.
他从事各种项目。
He is occupied (in) preparing for the mid term exams.
他忙于准备期中考试。
④Having retired from business，he now ________ himself with the welfare of the disabled.
A．adapts B．charges
C．associates D．occupies
【解析】 句意：退休后，他现在从事于残疾人福利工作。occupy oneself with sth.为固定搭配，表示“从事于……；忙于……”。
【答案】 D
2．perform履行；执行；完成；演出；表演；演奏；(机器)运转
This is the most famous concert hall in the USA，where the world's greatest musicians often perform.(P11)这是美国最著名的音乐大厅，是世界最优秀的音乐家表演的地方。
The young doctor performed the heart operation.
这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。
The students will perform an opera next Friday.
这些学生下星期五将演出歌剧。
Our team performed well in the match yesterday.
我们队在昨天的比赛中表现得很出色。
performance n．演出；演奏；表演[C]；履行；执行；实行；完成
in the performance of在……的表现
give performance(s)演出
The evening performance begins at 8 o'clock.
晚间演出开始于8点。
He failed completely in the performance of his duty.
他完全没有履行他的职责。
The orchestra will give two more performances this week.这个管弦乐队本周将加演两场。
完成句子
①他们总是很耐心地做实验。
They always ________________________ with great patience.
②今晚我哥哥要演出。
This evening，my brother will ________________．
③他的工作表现极为出色。
He is excellent________________his duties.
【答案】 ①perform their experiments ②give performances ③in the performance of
3．This street is lined with theaters where plays and musicals become international hits．(P11)这条街道两旁林立着许多剧院，在此演出的戏剧和歌舞剧走红世界。
(1)be lined with 以……填/装满
The street was lined with crowds of people to watch the race.街道两旁站满人群观看赛跑。
The walls were lined with books.
靠墙是一排排的图书。
line up排成一列；使排队；安排，组织
line up sth.with sth.使某物与某物对齐
The suspects were lined up against the wall.
嫌疑犯靠墙站成了一排。
The children lined up on the ground according to height.孩子们按高矮在操场上排成一列。
She's lined up a live band for the party.
她为聚会安排了一个乐队来现场演奏。
完成句子
①这街上小商铺鳞次栉比。
The street ____________small shops.
②窗户应该与门框对齐。
The window ______________ the door frame.
【答案】 ①was /is lined with ②should be lined up with
(2)hit n．成功而风行一时的电影、戏剧或演出
The film was a massive hit at the box office.
这部电影极为卖座。
hit n．受欢迎的人或物；销量很大的歌曲
vt.击；打；使碰撞；袭击
The car proved an instant hit in China.
这种轿车在中国迅速走红。
They played a lot of old hits from the 80s and 90s.
他们演奏了许多80年代和90年代流行的老歌。
A bullet hit him in the leg.
一颗子弹击中了他的腿。
The area was hit by the floods.
这一地区遭到洪水袭击。
完成句子
③子弹射中了警官的肩膀。
A bullet ________ the police ____________ shoulder.
④这出新戏是本季最叫座的。
The new play is ________________ of the season.
【答案】 ③hit；in the ④the hit
4．ambiguous adj.意义含糊的；意向不明的
There is nothing ambiguous about Australians' love of sport.(P14)澳大利亚人热爱体育，这点毫无疑问。
In fact，your ambiguous words amount to a refusal.
实际上，你说的那些模棱两可的话等于是拒绝。
There is/remains nothing ambiguous that.../There is/remains no doubt that.../No doubt that...……毫无疑问
No doubt that Jim is honest.
＝There is nothing ambiguous about Jim's honesty.
吉姆是诚实的这点毫无疑问。
Her account was deliberately________．
A．ambiguous B．ambient
C．ambition D．ambiguously
【解析】 句意：她的陈述故意含混不清。ambiguous意为“模棱两可的，含混不清的”。
【答案】 A
5．turn to变成；转变；求助于，求救于
Anywhere Australians get together—in the canteen during lunch，in the pub with a pint of beer，or in someone's garden over a barbecue grill—the conversation quickly turns to sport.(P14)无论澳大利亚人在什么地方相遇——在餐厅吃午饭、在酒吧喝啤酒或是在某个人自家的花园烧烤——他们的话题都会很快地转到体育上来。
She turned to me for help.她求助于我。
Shock at the killings quickly turned to anger.
屠杀引发的震惊，很快就变成了愤怒。
Water turns to ice when it is made very cold.
水很冷时，就会结冰。
He turned to drugs after his wife left him.
妻子离开他之后，他开始吸毒。
Whenever he meets trouble，he'll turn to his teacher.
无论什么时候遇到麻烦，他总向老师求助。
turn down调低；拒绝
turn in上交
turn out结果是；最终证明是
turn up出现；把音量调大
I can't tell my parents about it；I don't know who to
________．
A．turn to B．turn down
C．turn up D．turn in
【解析】 turn to“转向，求助于”；turn down意为“拒绝，把(音量)调小”；turn up“出现，把音量调大”；turn in“上交”。
【答案】 A
6．content adj.满足的；满意的；甘心的
The rest are content to just sit in their cosy armchairs and watch.(P14)
其他的人则仅仅满足于坐在舒适的扶手椅上看比赛。
Not content with disturbing the meeting，he then came to say mean things to the chairman.
他打断了会议还不满足，接着又开始辱骂主席。
All of them knew that the famous actor was not content with a minor role in the film.他们都知道那个著名的男演员不甘心在电影中只扮演一个小角色。
be content to do sth.乐意做某事
be content with sth.对……满足
content vt.使满足，使满意；满足，满意
content oneself with满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足
content n．内容；目录；满意；含量；成分
to one's heart's content心满意足地；尽情地
We should never only content ourselves with book knowledge.我们不应该仅满足于书本知识。
The contents of his letter will be made known to the public soon.他信中的内容将很快被公之于众。
We sang together to our heart's content.
我们一起尽情地歌唱。
单项填空
①—What ________ his happiness in all his life
—________ what he has got.
A．has led to；Being content with
B．has led to；Being content
C．led to；Content with
D．led him to；To content with
【解析】 考查动词以及非谓语动词的用法。句意：——是什么使他一生都幸福？——满足于他已经拥有的。lead to导致，通向；be content with对……满足。
【答案】 A
完成句子
②我喜欢维持现状。
I ________________________ where I am now.
【答案】 am content with
7．Indeed，sitting in front of the television watching a sports event，with a drink in one hand and some fast food in the other，is very common in Australia.(P14)事实上，一手拿饮料一手拿快餐坐在电视机前观看体育比赛在澳大利亚非常普遍。
with a drink in one hand and some fast food in the other是with的复合结构，作伴随状语，修饰动名词短语。
with的复合结构是由with＋宾语＋宾补构成，在句中通常作伴随状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、定语等。
with＋n./pron：
He lived a luxurious life，with his old father a beggar.
他过着奢侈的生活，而他的老父亲却沿街乞讨。
He slept with the light on.亮着灯他睡着了。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
他的头枕在胳膊上睡着了。
With nothing to do in the afternoon，I went to see a film.下午无事可做，我去看了场电影。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.
他很快就睡着了，灯还亮着。
He was listening to music with his eyes half closed.
他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister in law.抱孩子的那位女子是我嫂子。
With the great weight________off her mind，she passed the test successfully.
A．taking B．taken
C．take D．to be taken
【解析】 本题考查with的复合结构。the great weight和动词take构成动宾结构，因此应该用动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
【答案】 B
8．It is one of the main reasons why Australians can sometimes be accused of being overweight and unfit.(P14)那就是澳大利亚人有时可能被指责为过于肥胖和不健康的主要原因之一。
the reason why...在这个句式中why引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason。
That is the reason why I did it.
这就是我这样做的原因。
That is not the reason why you should leave.
这不是你要走的原因。
【提示】 (1)关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是reason，cause，excuse，explanation等；
(2)why不能引导非限制性定语从句；
(3)关系副词why也常被that(关系副词)或for which代替，也可以省略。
Can you tell me the reason(why/that)you were absent yesterday？你能告诉我你昨天缺席的原因吗？
The cause why the big fire broke out is being looked into.火灾的起因尚在调查当中。
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
The reason why we are late is that our car did not come.我们来晚的原因是我们的汽车没来。
翻译句子
①你知道他为什么迟到了吗？
__________________________________________________________________
②他死的原因是缺乏医疗。
__________________________________________________________________
③那就是我们的足球队输了比赛的原因。
__________________________________________________________________
④他缺席会议的原因是他病了。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Do you know the reason why he was late
②The reason why he died was lack of medical care.
③That was/is the reason why our football team lost the game.
④The reason why he was absent from the meeting is that he is ill.
9．owe...to把……归功于；把……归因于
Many people owe their love of sport to the perfect weather conditions for it.(P14)许多人把他们对体育运动的热爱归功于当地适合体育运动的极佳的气候条件。
She owes her success to good luck more than to ability.
她的成功多半靠运气，较少靠能力。
The company owes its achievements to its excellent training programme.
该公司的成就归因于其一流的培训计划。
owe sb.＋n.＝owe＋n.to sb.欠某人(账、人情等)
对某人负有……(义务等)
owing adj.该付的，未付的(不置于名词前)
owing to因为，由于
I owe my uncle $100.＝I own $100 to my uncle.
我欠我叔叔100美元。
I owe him an apology.＝I owe an apology to him.
我得向他道歉。
owing to/because of/due to/on account of/thanks to
owing to 强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。
because of 强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
due to 引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义；作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。
on account of 语气较为正式，可作状语、表语，不作定语。
thanks to 表示“幸亏，多亏”，多用于表达正面意思，在句中作状语和表语。表示“由于”时，也可表达不好的情况。
They decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm.
由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
That was on account of lack of exercise.
那是由于缺乏锻炼。
Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved.
幸亏有你的建议，省去了很多麻烦。
完成句子
①他将自己的进步更多地归功于老师的帮助。
He ________ his own progress more ________ his teacher's help.
②非常感谢你对这一切通情达理——我欠你一个情。
Thanks a lot for being so understanding about all this—I________．
③这个航班因有雾而延误了。
This flight has been delayed________fog.
【答案】 ①owes；to ②owe you one ③owing to/because of/due to/on account of
10．equip vt.装备，配备
Since most tennis courts are equipped with lights，many people often play after dusk in the evening and late into the night.(P14)因为大多数的网球场都配备照明设施，很多人经常在晚上黄昏之后开始玩直至深夜。
You'd better equip your bicycle with a headlight.
你最好在自行车上装个前灯。
equip...with...用……装备……
to be fully/specially/poorly equipped
装备完善/独特/简陋
equipment n．设备，器材，装备，为不可数名词
Although their equipment was lost，the men were saved.虽然装备丢失了，人却救出来了。
Do you have the equipment to do the job
你有能力去做这份工作吗？
Their spaceship was equipped with a double door.
他们的宇宙飞船上装有一个双层门。
The expert suggests________our army________modern weapons.
A．to equip；with B．equipping；with
C．to equip；for D．equipping；for
【解析】 考查动词suggest的用法及固定搭配。equip sb. with sth.给某人配备某物；suggest后接doing。句意：专家建议我们的部队应该配以现代化的武器。故选B。
【答案】 B
11．distinguish v．辨别；区别
The sport that most of the world calls football is known as soccer in Australia，to distinguish it from Australian rules football.(P15)世界上大部分地区将足球叫做football，而在澳大利亚它被叫做soccer，以区别于澳式足球。
People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colour blind.
不能分辨颜色的人被称为色盲。
His mind could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality.他的头脑已不再能分清幻觉和现实。
Abilities to talk distinguish human beings from the lower animals.
用语言交谈的能力使人类有别于低等动物。
distinguish between区分，辨别
distinguish...from辨别……与……
distinguish oneself as使出众；使著名；使受人青睐
distinction n．差别；区别；优越；卓越
He had already distinguished himself as an athlete by the time he was 23 years old.
到23岁时作为运动员的他已经享有盛名。
Martin Luther King distinguished himself as a non violent civil rights leader.
马丁·路德·金以非暴力主义民权运动领袖而闻名。
She treated all her children alike without distinction.
她对所有孩子一视同仁。
Many students who are learning English as a foreign language can't ________ American English ________ British English.
A．distinguish；and B．distinguish；from
C．tell；and D．tell；apart
【解析】 “区别；辨别两者”的表达有：distinguish A from B；distinguish between A and B；tell A from B；tell A apart from B。
【答案】 B
12．considering prep & conj考虑到，鉴于
Considering Australia's small population，its outstanding performance at the Olympic Games was really amazing.(P15)考虑到澳大利亚人口相对较少，它在奥运会上的出色表现着实令人惊讶。
He is strong considering his age.
就他的年龄而论，他可算得上是强壮的。
Considering the bad weather，I think you'd better not go out.鉴于天气不好，我认为你最好不要出去。
consider vt.考虑，顾虑到；体谅，认为，以为，觉得
①表示“考虑”时，其常用结构为：consider＋名词/代词/动名词；consider＋从句/疑问词＋不定式。
②表示“认为”时，其常用结构为：consider sb./sth.＋形容词/(as＋)名词；consider sb./sth. to be；consider it＋adj./n.＋to do；consider＋从句。
③consideration n．考虑，思考
leave sth. out of consideration对某事未加考虑
take sth. into consideration考虑某事
on no consideration无论如何决不
It is of no consideration at all.它根本不需考虑。
④considerate adj.为他人着想的；体谅的
⑤considerable adj.相当大的；相当多的
I'm considering going abroad.我正在考虑去国外。
Let's consider which to choose.让我们考虑选择哪一个。
I consider it a great honour.我认为这是极大荣幸。
Your illness will be taken into consideration by the examiners.考官会考虑你的病情。
句型转换
I consider him a good teacher.
①→I consider him ________ a good teacher.
②→I consider him ________ a good teacher.
③→I consider ________ a good teacher.
【答案】 ①as ②to be ③that he is
13．So，while a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them，Australia is indeed a great sporting nation！(P15)虽然，澳大利亚人在体育方面只看不练的人数可能占很高的比例，但是就其大多数人口而言，澳大利亚的确是一个体育大国。
本句由连词while引导一个让步状语从句。as far as most of its population is concerned是插入语，主句是it is indeed a great sporting nation。
(1)while conj.尽管；虽然
While I can understand what you say，I can't agree with you.尽管我能理解你所说的，但我无法赞同。
while conj.在……期间；而；然而)
Her parents died while she was still at school.
她还在读书时父母就去世了。
I picked up French while I was in France.
我在法国期间学习了法语。
He likes yellow while his brother likes red.
他喜欢黄色而他哥哥却喜欢红色。
①—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free ________ the third costs D|S30.
A．while B．until
C．when D．before
【解析】 考查连词的用法。根据句意，这里表示前后句之间的对比，所以用while，表示“而”。第二句句意：前面两项服务是免费的，而第三项收费30美元。
【答案】 A
(2)rather than而不；不愿；不要；不是
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷水，不想喝咖啡。
Rather than risk breaking up his marriage，he told his wife everything.
他唯恐婚姻破裂，把一切都告诉了妻子。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus，he preferred to ride to school on a bike.
他宁愿骑自行车上学，也不愿挤拥挤的公共汽车。
rather adv.相当；有点儿；更确切地讲；相反
(or) rather更确切地说
other than除了；除非
My brother didn't do well in the driving test，or rather，he failed in it.
我哥哥驾驶考试表现不理想，确切地说，他没通过。
There was nothing we could do other than wait.
除了等待之外，我们没有其他办法。
He never speaks to me other than to ask for something.
他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。
You can't get to the other side of the river other than by boat.除了坐船，否则到不了河对岸。
【对接高考】
(2013·浙江高考)If what your friend comes up with surprises you，don't reject it immediately.________，imagine that it is true.
A．Thus B．Besides
C．Rather D．Otherwise
【解析】 句意：如果你朋友提出的想法让你吃惊，不要马上拒绝；相反，想象它是真的。thus因此；besides况且，除此之外；rather相反，与此相反；otherwise否则，要不然。前后两句的语意是相反的，由此可知正确答案为C项。
【答案】 C
②It took ________ building supplies to construct these energy saving houses.It took brains，too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
【解析】 句意：建造这些节能住宅不仅仅需要建筑用品，还需要头脑。more than“不仅仅”；other than“除了”；rather than“而不是”；less than“少于”。
【答案】 B
英语旅行日记的写法
本单元的写作项目与旅行日记有关。旅行日记是记录旅行过程，发表旅行感受的应用文，写作时应注意以下几点：
1．准确把握时态。
旅行日记的主要内容是以时间为顺序进行叙述，所以应以一般过去时为主。当然根据需要也可以在过去进行时、过去完成时乃至一般现在时之间准确切换。旅行日记的结尾通常是作者的感受，不受时间的影响，应当用一般现在时来表达。
2．选词要规范，提高语言的得体性。
在列举参观的内容时可以使用I enjoyed many...，such as...。在表达从参观中有所收获时可以使用I learned.../I gained...等句型。
3．恰当使用过渡性词汇，增强叙述性文章的连贯性。
既要注意一天中时间表达的准确，也要注意介词同一处多个景点内容的衔接。在介绍众所周知的知识时，可以使用as we all know，as is known to all等开头。
假设你叫李华，今天参观了北京的两个景点：故宫和颐和园。根据下面表格，写一篇英语旅游日记。
参观日期 2014年9月26日
天气 晴朗
参观地点 故宫和颐和园
参观活动 1.早晨7：30从旅馆坐出租车，8：00到达故宫。2.上午参观了故宫，欣赏到很多皇家建筑，了解了皇帝工作和生活的情况，丰富了中国历史方面的知识。3.下午参观颐和园。看到许多湖泊和假山，欣赏了精美壁画，美丽的风景和浓郁的文化，让你十分陶醉。4.夕阳西下，恋恋不舍地离开。
感想 自拟……
参考词汇：the Forbidden City故宫；man made hills假山；galleries壁画
词数：150左右
[思路分析]
本篇文章可以按时间顺序来描述参观的景点和沿途的景观，最后表达自己的感想和心得。同时要注意时态的运用，如描述出发，参观和返回情况时，要用一般过去时，而描述景观和作者自己的感受时则要用一般现在时。
[词汇热身]
1．参观____________
2．欣赏____________
3．此外____________
4．动身去某地____________
5．给……留下印象____________
6．下决心做……____________
【答案】 1.visit/pay a visit to... 2.admire 3.besides/what's more/in addition 4.set off for 5.impress 6.be determined to do
[句式温习]
1．下午，我出发去颐和园，它被认为是我国保护得最好的皇家花园。
In the afternoon，I ________ the Summer Palace，________the best protected royal park in our country.
2．给我印象最深刻的是里面的许多美丽的湖泊和假山。
________was many beautiful lakes and man made hills in it.
3．太阳快下山了，我恋恋不舍地告别颐和园返回宾馆。
________，I had to ________ the Summer Palace and returned to my hotel.
4．我下定决心，一定要尽最大努力让我们的国家变得更加美丽和强大。
I ________ do my best to ________ our country________．
【答案】 1.set off for；which is considered to be 2.What impressed me most 3.With the sun setting；say goodbye to 4.am determined to；make；more beautiful and powerful
[连句成篇]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
September 26，2014，Friday Fine
Today I paid a visit to two famous places of interest in Beijing—the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace.
I took a taxi in front of the hotel at 7：30 am and got to the Forbidden City half an hour later.I enjoyed many royal buildings in it.Besides，I learned how the emperors worked and lived in it.What's more，I gained a better knowledge of the Chinese history.In the afternoon，I set off for the Summer Palace，which is considered to be the best protected royal park in our country.What impressed me most was many beautiful lakes and man made hills in it.
With the sun setting，I had to say goodbye to the Summer Palace and returned to my hotel.
I feel very proud of the beautiful scenery，brilliant culture and long history of our country.I am determined to do my best to make our country more beautiful and powerful.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ n．国界，边界；边疆
2．________ adj.数不清的，无数的
3．________ adj.极冷的，冰冻的adv.极冷地
4．________ n．娱乐，消遣
5．________ vi.& vt.属于某个等级；排列n.等级，地位；军衔
6．________ n．混凝土adj.具体的；有形的
7．________ adj.充满活力的；动态的
8．________ n．国界；边界
9．________ n．定居点；定居；(问题的)解决
10．________n．场合
11．________ adj.模棱两可的，不明确的，有歧义的
12．________ adj.绝对的，完全的
13．________ adj.强制的，义务的
14．________ adj.满意，满足，甘愿
15．________ adj.不健康的；不适宜的
16．________ prep.& conj.考虑到，鉴于
【答案】 1.border 2.countless 3.freezing 4.recreation 5.rank 6.concrete 7.dynamic 8.frontier
9．settlement 10.occasion 11.ambiguous 12.absolute
13．compulsory 14.content 15.unfit 16.considering
B．词汇拓展
17．________ n．半圆形→________ n．圆形
18．________ n．移民，移居→________ vt.移居
19．________ vt.装备，配备→________ n．装备
20．________ adv.原来，起初→________ adj.最初的，原始的→________ n．起源；出身
【答案】 17.semicircle；circle 18.immigration；immigrate 19.equip；equipment 20.originally；original；origin
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________简称，缩略
2．________________由于，因为；归功于
3. ________________ 呼吁，恳求
4. ________________ 从……中获益
5. ________________满足于做……，甘心地做……
6. ________________被指控……，被告发……
7．________________．..欠……；……归功于……；……负有……
8．________________用……装配
9．________________ 辨别……与……
10．________________参加
【答案】 1.for short 2.owing to 3.appeal to 4.benefit from 5.be content to do 6.be accused of 7.owe... to 8.equip... with 9.distinguish... from 10.participate in
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子
11．Everyone can ________a lot ________ the project.
12．At what age are children able to ________ dogs ________cats
13．He ________ his success ________ hard work.
14．Children ________ help parents to do housework，which is natural.
15．He has been liking ________ all kinds of sports.
16．He ________ murder in the case.
【答案】 11.benefit；from 12.distinguish；from
13．owes；to 14.are content to 15.participating in
16．was accused of
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower，which is often called the CN Tower for short.
【句式仿写】 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授，他来自中国。
______________a professor，________is from China.
2．The waterfalls，the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.
【句式仿写】 就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。
Here are the questions，______________I think are difficult for you.
3．It is one of the main reasons why Australians can sometimes be accused of being overweight and unfit.
【句式仿写】 这就是他昨天上课迟到的原因。
This is the ________________ he was late for class yesterday.
4．That's an occasion when model planes and model rockets are flown over the school grounds.
【句式仿写】 我们生活在一个很多事情都是用计算机做的时代。
We are living in an age ____________ many things are done on computer.
【答案】 1.In a lecture hall of a university in England sits；who 2.some of which/of which some 3.reason why 4.when【美文阅读】
南非历经磨难才完成了独立 ，你知道其国旗颜色背后的意义吗？
The South African flag contains the colours of black，yellow，green，white，red and blue.The red，white and blue of the flag were carried over from the old flag，and represented the influence of the English and Dutch who first colonised the region.The red is not a true red，but a red/orange.This colour recalls the red of the Union Jack and Dutch flags and the orange of the previous flag，resulting in a combination of the two colours.Red and orange were both predominant colours in earlier South African flags.The black，green and gold are the colours of the southern African nations in general.The green theoretically reflects the unification of the various ethnic groups of southern Africa.
The colours on the flag have no meanings.However，the flag itself is a symbol of freedom and democracy，as it became the official South African flag after the first democratic election in 1994.
“Although the colors have no official meaning attached to them，they represent a synopsis of the country's vexillological history and current political realities.
Black，green and yellow are the colors of Nelson Mandela's political party.Moreover，the flag incorporates also the colors of the African National Congress and the former Boer republics flags (red，white，and blue)．The Y shape represents the convergence of South Africa's diverse society and unity.The South African flag is basically made up of former South African flags and the past meanings of the colors were that red stands for bloodshed，blue for open blue skies，green for the land，black for the black people，white for the European people and yellow for the natural resources such as gold.”
The Y or V form of the flag was chosen to symbolize the unity，or coming together，of South Africa's different groups.
【诱思导学】
1．What do the red，white and blue stand for in the South African flag
__________________________________________________________________
2．What do black，green and yellow mean in the South African flag
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.It stands for the influence of the English and Dutch who first colonised the region.
2．They are the colors of Nelson Mandela's political party.
Period ⅠPreviewing
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P34－35的课文，完成下列表格
National flags，colours and cultures
Countries The history of the national flags The meanings of the colours on the flags
France The national flag was first used in 1789.the conclusion of the French Revolution led to 1.________ changes throughout the country. Red shows the 2.________，revolution，strength and blood of the French.Blue stands for 3.________．White represents peace and honesty.
The USA On 4 July 1776，the USA declared 4.________，and the national flag was used. Red represents5.______．White means virtue.Blue stands for hard work and justice.The fifty stars stand for 6.________．The thirteen stripes are to remind people of the thirteen colonies that joined together to fight for independence from 7.________．
Indonesia In the 13th century the national flag had nine red and white stripes.Then on 17 August，1945，after the end of World War Ⅱ，the Indonesian flag 8.________． There are many explanations offered for the meanings of the colours on the flag.Red stands for blood，or things that are physical.White represents the spiritual.Or the colours 9.________with food.Also some people say that red stands for the brave nature of the Indonesian people.It can also 10.________the fire that comes from the volcanoes.White is regarded as a symbol of purity.
【答案】 1.fundamental 2.bravery 3.liberty and justice 4.independence 5.strength and bravery 6.fifty states 7.Britain 8.became official 9.have a link 10.symbolize
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P34－35的课文，选择最佳答案
1．How many colors does the French flag have
A．3 B．4 C．5
2．Why was the French flag considered one of the most important national flag in history
A．Because it was very beautiful.
B．In salute to the French and their revolution.
C．It stands for liberty，equality and fraternity.
3．When did the USA declare war on Britain in order to gain its independence
A．On 4 July 1776.
B．Each year on 4 July.
C．Not mentioned.
4．What does white represent in the Indonesian flag
A．Blood，sugar and bravery and fire from volcanoes.
B．The spiritual，rice and purity.
C．Sugar and rice.
【答案】 1－4 ABAB
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Today，every independent country has its national flag，which stands for its values，beliefs，culture and so on.
The French flag was first used 1.________，when French people had no freedom and were 2.________anger and unrest.After the Revolution，many past ways were 3.________ and the people won liberation.Red，blue and white were used on the flag.Red represents the bravery，revolution，strength and blood of the French.Blue stands for 4.________，white shows peace and honesty.
On 4 July 1776，the USA declared war on Britain and the flag was used.On the flag，red represents 5.________，white means virtue.Blue stands for hard work and justice，fifty stars stands for fifty states.The 6.________are to remind people of the thirteen colonies that joined together to fight for independence from Britain.
The Indonesian flag became official on 17 August 1945，which is based on a national flag 7.________the 13th century.
There are many explanations offered for the meanings of the colours on the flag.Red stands for blood，or things that are physical.White represents the 8.________．Or the colours have a link with food.Also some people say that red stands for the brave nature of the Indonesian people.It can also 9.________ the fire that comes from the volcanoes.White is regarded as a symbol of 10.________．
【答案】 1.in 1789 2.suffering from 3.abolished
4．liberty and justice 5.strength and bravery 6.thirteen stripes 7.dating back to 8.spiritual 9.symbolize 10.purity
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．abolish A．to officially end a low，a system or an institution
2．symbolize B．the fair treatment of people
3．justice C．the state or quality of being pure
4．salute D．to touch the side of your head with the fingers of your right hand to show respect，especially in the armed forces
5．submit E．to give a document，proposal，etc. to sb. in authority so that they can study or consider it
6．purity F．to be a symbol of sth.
【答案】 1.A 2.F 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.C
Ⅱ.短语填空
at random；in salute to；date back to；get one's way；compare...with；split off from；such as；stand for
1．________the hero，all the children stood up from their seats.
2．They visited the temple________Qing dynasty.
3．________ the rising sun，they are working hard.
4．He always put his clothes in his room ________，which made his mother unhappy.
5．Do you know what the“TC”________？
【答案】 1.In salute to 2.dating back to 3.Compared with 4.at random 5.stands for
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Blue stands for liberty and justice，while white represents peace and honesty.
蓝色象征着自由和正义，而白色代表和平与诚实。
2．Even though they lived in colonies，the Americans had been used to autonomous rule and low taxes.
虽然他们住在殖民地，但美洲人早已习惯了自主的制度和低税收。
3．The flag，which is made up of a red band over a white one，is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century，which had nine red and white stripes.
这个国旗由上红下白的两道彩条组成，是以十三世纪的九道红白条的印尼国旗为基础。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
1．These flags are more than just pieces of cloth sewn together at random with thread.(P34)
这些旗帜不仅仅是随意地用线缝在一起的布条。
“more than＋名词”表示超出该名词所指，意思是“不止，不仅仅是”
She is much more than my friend to me.
对我而言，她远远不只是我的朋友。
①“more than＋动词/形容词”时，more than起到加强语气的作用，意为“非常，很”。
②“more than＋数词”表示超出该数，意为“多于……”，相当于over。
③more...than...可作“比……更多，与其说……倒不如说”解。
④not more than意为“不超过，不比……更多”。
⑤no more than意为“只不过，仅仅”。
He is more than selfish.他非常自私。
He was more than fifty years old.他50多岁了。
She earns a lot more money than I do.
她赚的钱比我多得多。
She is more a worker than a manager.
与其说她是个经理，倒不如说她是个工人。
Tom is not more clever than Jack.
汤姆不比杰克聪明。
He is no more than 40.他仅仅40岁。
完成句子
①他的收入远不止那些。
His income is far ______________．
②她做事非常细心。
She is ________ careful in doing things.
③竹子不只是用于建筑。
Bamboo is used for ________ building.
【答案】 ①more than that ②more than
③more than
(2)sew vt.& vi.(sewed，sewn/sewed)缝纫
My mother sewed a dress for me.
我母亲给我缝制了一套衣服。
sew (on)缝制；缝补；缝上
sew up缝合；缝补
have sth.sewn up对某事有绝对把握
Can you sew a button on for me
你能给我钉个扣子吗？
She sewed small pieces of cloth together.
她把小块布缝在一起。
They think they have the election sewn up.
他们认为这次选举他们已万无一失。
完成句子
④你能补好我裤子上的这个洞吗？
Could you ______________ in my trousers
⑤我认为我们对这次实验有绝对把握。
I think we ________ the experiment ________．
【答案】 ④sew up this hole ⑤have；sewn up
(3)at random随机；随意
The gang picked their victims at random.
这帮犯罪分子随意选择对象下手。
His clothes were scattered about the room at random.
他的衣服乱七八糟地丢在房间里。
randomly adv.随意地；任意地
randomness n．随意；任意
The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.
获奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。
完成句子
⑥她随意翻开书就看了起来。
She opened the book ______________．
【答案】 at random and read it
2．Strengthened by the Revolution，France became a different country.(P34)法国因为大革命得以壮大，成为一个与众不同的国家。
(1)此句中Strengthened by the Revolution为过去分词短语作状语，与句子主语France构成被动关系。
Seen from the top of the hill，the town looks very beautiful.从山顶上看，这个小镇非常漂亮。
Taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.当按照说明服用时，这种药没有副作用。
过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，主语与分词之间是被动关系。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可用连词while或when引出。
When offered help，one often says“Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．(时间)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“谢谢”或“你真好”。
Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间)
过马路的时候小心点。
【对接高考】
(2013·安徽高考)________in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
A．To found B．Founding
C．Founded D．Having founded
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句子主语the school与found之间为被动关系，故此处使用过去分词founded表被动并表完成动作。
【答案】 C
完成句子
①____________(由于写地匆忙)，the paper is full of mistakes.
②____________(不喜欢这个电影)，Mr.Smith left the cinema.
③____________(虽然被告诉好多次了)，he still repeated the same mistakes.
【答案】 ①Written in a hurry ②Tired of the film
③Having been told many times
(2)strengthen vt.加强；巩固
The team has been strengthened by the arrival of two Spanish players.由于两名西班牙运动员的到来，该队的实力加强了。
Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart.
有氧健身操增强心脏机能。
strength n．力气；力量
)
He does weight training to build up his strength.
他练举重以增强体力。
He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
他用全力推那块岩石。
strength/force/energy/power
strength 常指固有的潜在力量，就人说，着重指力气，就物说，着重指强度、潜力等。
force 主要指自然界的力量、暴力、势力、说服力、压制力，法律、道德或情感的力量、军事的力量等，总之，它是活动过程中的力量。
energy 主要指人的精力、自然界的能。
power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥的力量、职权、权力或政权。
The law should remain in force.法律应当有效力。
He is a man of great strength.他是个大力士。
It's beyond my power.它超出了我的职权。
He worked with great energy.他以巨大的精力工作。
④We should do a lot of physical exercise to build up our________．
A．ability B．strength
C．force D．mind
【解析】 句意：我们应该多进行体育锻炼来增强体质。build up one's strength意为“增强某人的体质”。
【答案】 B
3．remind vt.提醒，使想起
The colours red，blue and white used on the flag remind us of the motto of the Revolution—liberty，equality and fraternity.(P34)国旗上使用的红色、蓝色和白色不断提醒我们大革命的座右铭——自由、平等和博爱。
I'm sorry.I've forgotten your name.Can you remind me？对不起。我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？
remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某物
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.＋从句 提醒某人……
reminder n．引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物，常与介词of连用
The sheer size of the cathedral is a constant reminder to the tourists of the power of religion.仅仅是大教堂的规模就足以使游人时刻领略到宗教的威严。
You remind me of your father when you say that.
你说那样的话使我想起了你的父亲。
【对接高考】
①(2011·重庆高考)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself________of his own dreams.
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．remind
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系，故选C。
【答案】 C
②(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Mary，I________John of his promise to help you.
A．told B．reminded
C．warned D．advised
【解析】 考查动词的辨析。句意：玛丽，我已经提醒约翰他所说的帮助你的承诺了。remind...of...就……提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起……；warn含有警告的意思。
【答案】 B
完成句子
①这些照片能使人回忆起二十世纪二十年代的生活。
The photographs are ________________life in the 1920s.
②提醒我在出去前给艾伦打电话。
________________Alan before I go out.
③旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。
________________that no smoking is allowed on this train.
④这张老照片使我想起我的童年．
The old photo ________________my childhood.
【答案】 ①a lasting reminder of ②Remind me to phone ③Passengers are reminded ④reminded me of
4．Blue stands for liberty and justice，while white represents peace and honesty.(P34)
蓝色象征着自由和正义，而白色代表和平与诚实。
(1)stand for代表，象征，表示；支持，拥护，主张；容忍，忍受(常用于否定句或疑问句中)
WTO stands for the World Trade Organization.
WTO代表世界贸易组织。
Which plan do you stand for？你支持哪个计划？
I won't stand for any more of your rudeness.
我不愿再忍受你的无礼了。
stand aside站到一边；让开；不参与
stand back往后站；退后
stand by袖手旁观；支持，帮助
stand out显眼；突出
Don't just stand by.Can't you lend a hand
别袖手旁观，你不能帮一下忙吗？
Yao Ming stands out in a crowd.
姚明在人群中很显眼。
(2)represent vt.代表
He represented our school.他代表我们学校。
The country was represented at the conference by the Foreign Minister.代表那个国家出席会议的是外交部长。
represent vt.描绘；表现；体现；象征；相当于
represent...as把……描绘成
represent oneself as/to be自称是
represent sth.to sb.向某人说明某事
representative adj.代表的；描写的n.代表者；代理人
a representative of ……的代表
Those comments do not represent the views of us all.
这些言论不体现我们所有人的看法。
The king is represented as a doctor in the play.
剧中国王的形象是一个医生。
represent/stand for
represent 用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”、“某种标志代表什么”、“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。
stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。意为“标志”时，两者通用。
用represent和stand for的适当形式填空
①He was chosen to ____________our school at the meeting.
②What does MVP______________？
③Brown areas ______________deserts on the map.
【答案】 ①represent ②stand for ③stand for/represent
(3)该句为并列句，其中while为并列连词，表示前后两个分句之间为对比关系，常译为“然而”。
I like sports，while my husband shows interest in writing.我喜欢运动，而我丈夫对写作感兴趣。
Tom is very good at science，while his younger brother is completely hopeless.
汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟绝对是不可救药的。
while还可以用作从属连词引导下列从句：
①引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间；当……的时候”
②引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时”
③引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”
Our house was broken into while we were asleep.
我们睡觉时家里有人闯入了。
While I was waiting at the bus stop，three buses went by in the opposite direction.
我在公共汽车站等车时，对面驶过了3辆公共汽车。
While I'm willing to help，I don't have much time available.尽管我愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。
【提示】 while引导让步状语从句时只能放在句首。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)At school，some students are active________some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.
A．while B．although
C．so D．as
【解析】 句意：在学校里，一些学生是活跃的，而一些学生是腼腆的，然而他们彼此之间可以成为好朋友。some students are active与some are shy为对比关系，故选A项，while可以连接并列分句，表对比。
【答案】 A
写出下列句子中while的汉语意思
④While the Internet is of great help，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.________
⑤In some places women are expected to earn moneywhile men work at home and raise their children.________
⑥They arrived while I was cooking.________
【答案】 ④尽管 ⑤而，然而 ⑥正当……时候
5．salute n．敬礼；举手礼；致敬
In salute to the French and their revolution，many countries have chosen to use the same colours on their flags as the French did.(P34)为向法国人民和法国大革命致敬，许多国家决定在自己的国旗上使用与法国国旗相同的颜色。
He gave a smart salute.他利索地敬了一个礼。
He raised his arm in salute.他举手致意。
①in salute(to)(向……)致意
take the salute(of)接受……的敬礼
②salute v．向……行举手礼；向……表示敬意；向……致意
They salute the flag every day at school.
他们每天在学校向国旗敬礼。
He saluted his friend with a wave of the hand.
他挥手向他的朋友致意。
In salute to the famous artist，we held a big party.
为了向那位著名艺术家表示敬意，我们举办了一场盛大的聚会。
The soldiers ________the officers when they were passing by.
A．signed B．nodded C．bowed D．saluted
【解析】 句意：当军官们走过时，士兵们向他们致敬。salute向……致敬，向……打招呼；sign签字，示意，打手势；nod点头，点头致意；bow鞠躬，垂首。
【答案】 D
6．When the Americans objected to this，the British would not compromise，but increased control over their American colonies instead，taking away many of their rights，and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them.(P34)当美洲人对此表示反对时，英国人不但没有让步，反而加强了对美洲殖民地的控制，剥夺了美洲人的许多权利，同时在美洲驻军以确保他们服从英国统治。
(1)object to(sb./sth.)反对(某人/某事)
My mother objected to every boy I brought home.
我带回家的男孩，我母亲一个都不喜欢。
People of all ethnic groups should object to separatism，protect the region's stability and strengthen ethnic unity.
各族人民应当反对分裂，维护地区稳定，促进民族团结。
①object to doing sth.反对做某事
②objection n．反对；异议；不服；反对的理由
have/take/make/raise an objection to (doing)sth.
对(做)某事表示反对
He raised an objection to what I proposed.
他反对我的建议。
What's your objection to my plan
你反对我的计划的理由是什么？
oppose/object
oppose 表示采取积极行动来反对，着重于动作，反对的对象一般是较重大的事。
object 指个人不赞成某事，或持有相反的意见，常见搭配为object to sth./doing sth.。
I objected to the plan.＝I opposed the plan.＝I am opposed to the plan.我反对这个计划。
【教师备课资源】
①object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词以及that从句。
②oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语后不需加介词to。be opposed to...表示“反对……，和……相反”。
用oppose与object的适当形式填空
①Many residents are ________to the plan of building the motorway.
②I will not wear this dress if she ________to it.
【答案】 ①opposed ②objects
(2)compromise v．妥协；让步；违背；放弃
We had to compromise with him on the point.
我们只好就这一点和他妥协。
It's wise of you to compromise with her.
你和她妥协是明智之举。
①compromise with sb.与某人妥协
compromise on sth.以折中的方式解决争论、争端等
②compromise n．妥协；和解；折中
reach a compromise达成妥协
make a compromise作出让步
Everybody has to be prepared to make compromises.
每个人都必须准备作出让步。
After a long talk，the two sides reached a compromise.
经过长期的谈判，双方达成了妥协。
完成句子
③她承认自己无法作出妥协。
She admitted that she__________________．
④他们不愿与军方妥协。
They were unwilling to ________________ the military.
⑤在这件事上，你得做出让步。
You have to ________________on the matter.
【答案】 ③was unable to compromise ④compromise with ⑤make a compromise
(3)take away剥夺，没收；带走，拿走；除去，离去
The child was taken away from school.
那孩子被勒令退学。
Two burgers to take away，please.
请来两份汉堡包，带走。
take away from sp.从某地带走
take away from sth.减少；减弱；贬低
take sth.back收回……
take sb.back使某人回想起
take off起飞；脱下；突然受欢迎
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
写出take away在下列句子中的汉语意思
⑥What takes you away so early？________
⑦My mother took them away after supper.________
⑧You may not take these books away from the library.________
⑨The medicine should take some of the pain away．
________．
【答案】 ⑥离开 ⑦收拾 ⑧带出，拿走 ⑨减轻
7．...and on 4 July 1776，they declared that they would no longer submit to British rule.(P35)在1776年7月4日，他们声明他们不会再屈从英国的制度。
(1)declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
They will declare the results of the election soon.
他们将很快公布选举的结果。
declare sb./sth.(to be)宣布某人或某事
declare for/against声明支持/反对
declare war(on/against)(向……)宣战
declare that...宣告；宣称
The accused man was declared(to be)innocent by the court.法庭宣布被告无罪。
Paredes decided to declare for federation.
帕雷德斯决定声明支持联邦政府。
Police have now declared war on drug dealers in the area.警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。
Jane declared that she would rather resign than change her decision.简宣称她宁可辞职也不改变决定。
declare/announce
declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。
announce 指对公众或特定人群进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事和商品信息等。
用declare和announce的适当形式填空
①When they asked him for his opinion，he ________ strongly against the policy.
②A government spokesman ________ that the hostages had been released.
【答案】 ①declared ②announced
(2)submit to服从于；屈从于；把……递交给；向……提出
I will not submit to your bullying.
我不会屈服于你的欺侮。
I was unwilling to submit to his orders.
我不愿意服从他的命令。
submit oneself to甘受……；服从……
submit...to...向……提交……
Derek agreed to submit himself to questioning.
德里克同意接受盘问。
I submitted my paper to the examiner.
我把试卷交给了主考老师。
完成句子
③她最后顺从了父母的决定。
She ________her parents' decision at last.
④我们将服从法庭的判决。
We ________________the court's judgment.
【答案】 ③submitted to ④will submit(ourselves)to
8．This led to war，and to America gaining its independence.(P35)这引发了战争，也使美国获得了独立。
America gaining...中America是动名词gaining的逻辑主语。
①当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词或名词所有格表明了动名词的逻辑主语。这种形式在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
②动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语还可用人称代词宾格、名词普通格来代替。
③当逻辑主语是无生命名词、有生命名词但表示泛指或两个以上的名词并列时必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
Jane's being careless caused so much trouble.
简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。
The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.那位父亲坚决要求儿子上大学。
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒了。
Have you ever heard of women practising boxing
你听说过妇女练拳击吗？
Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this？你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这件事吗？
选词填空
①Would you mind ________(my/me)opening the door
②________(My/Me)forgetting her name was embarrassing.
③It's a waste of time ________(your/you)talking to him.
④________(John/John's)coming home tomorrow excites all of us.
【答案】 ①my/me ②My ③your ④John's
9．date back to追溯到；上溯到
The flag，which is made up of a red band over a white one，is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century，which had nine red and white stripes.(P35)
这个国旗由上红下白的两道彩条组成，是以十三世纪的九道红白条的印尼国旗为基础的。
The legend dates back to medieval times.
这个传说可追溯到中世纪。
date from＝date back to
date (with)与……约会
date n．日期；年代
out of date过时的；陈旧的
to date到目前为止
up to date最新的/地
This custom dates from the middle of the 18th century.
该风俗始于18世纪中期。
This book is up to date.这本书有最新资料。
【提示】 因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，也没有被动语态。
London's Chinese community ______the 18th century.
A．dates to B．dated back
C．dated from D．dates back to
【解析】 本题考查动词短语辨析和时态用法。date back to＝date from“追溯到”，讲述一个事实要用一般现在时。句意：伦敦的华人群体可以追溯到18世纪。
【答案】 D
10．Like in many other countries，the colour white is regarded as a symbol of purity in Indonesia.(P35)像在许多其他国家里一样，白色在印尼被认为是纯洁的象征。
(1)regard...as把……认为/看作/视为
I regard Li Na as the best woman tennis player in China.我认为李娜是中国最佳女网球选手。
We must regard this situation as very serious.
我们必须正视形势的严重性。
①be regarded as被认为/看作/视为……
regard...with持(某种感情、态度)看待；评价；注视
②regard n．尊敬；重视；关心；考虑；关系；方面
regard for/to尊敬……；向……问好
in this regard在这方面；关于这一点
with regard to＝in regard to关于
③regarding prep.＝as regards关于；至于
They regarded his attitude with suspicion.
他们以怀疑的眼光看待他的态度。
I have something to say with/in regard to his conduct.
对于他的行为，我有一点意见。
【提示】 regard...as后面可接名词、形容词，有时还可接介词短语。该短语常用于被动语态。与之用法类似的词还有：view/see/acknowledge/consider等。
①I have always ________you my best friend.
A．regarded B．considered
C．trusted D．found
【解析】 consider“把……看做”；regard“把……看做”，需与as搭配；根据句意，排除C、D两项，根据句子结构排除A项。
【答案】 B
(2)symbol n．象征；标志；符号；记号
The dove is a symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。
What is the chemical symbol for copper
铜的化学符号是什么？
①a symbol of...……的象征；……的标志
the symbol for...……的符号
②symbolize vt.象征；是……的象征
③symbolic adj.使用象征的；作为象征的；象征性的
be symbolic of...是……的象征
The snake is symbolic of evil.蛇是邪恶的象征。
A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife.结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。
sign/symbol/mark
sign 普通用词，指人们公认事物的符号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
symbol 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
mark 普通用词，指为某一目的有意作的标记，也指无意留下或自然形成的痕迹。
用sign，symbol与mark的适当形式填空
②Suffering left its ________on his face.
③He only bought the yacht as a status________；he hates sailing.
④The economy has started to show ________ of recovery.
【答案】 ②mark ③symbol ④signs
11．In 1921，after great liberation in Ireland，Ireland split off from Britain to form an independent country，and the Irish substituted a new flag for the old one.(P37)1921年爱尔兰大解放后，爱尔兰脱离了英国，建立了独立的国家并且爱尔兰人以新国旗替代了旧旗。
(1)split off (from)(与……)分手/断绝关系；离开……
She intends to split off from the band at the end of the tour.她打算在巡回演出结束后离开乐队。
split away(from)＝split off(from)
split into分成
splip with/from和(某人)分手
split sth.between some people在几个人之间分配；均分
split the difference让步；妥协；折中
The river splits into three smaller streams at this point.
这条河在此处分成三条小河。
He's split with his girlfriend.他同他的女朋友分手了。
完成句子
①让我们大家共同分担费用并分享利益吧！
Let's______________between all of us.
②她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。
She ______________groups of four.
③那歌手去年六月和妻子分手了。
The singer____________his wife last June.
【答案】 ①split the cost and profits ②split the class into ③split with
(2)substitute vt.用……代替vi.代替；顶替
We substituted red balls for blue ones，to see if the baby would notice.
我们用红球代替蓝球，看这是否会引起婴儿的注意。
He substituted for the teacher who was in hospital.
他代替住院中的那位老师。
①substitute A for B＝substitute B with A 用A代替B
substitute for sb./sth.代替/取代某人/某物
②substitute n．代替者；代用品
be no substitute没有……那样好；不能替代
The lead singer was ill and her substitute wasn't nearly as good.主唱歌手病了，替代她的演员远远比不上她。
Vitamin pills are no substitute for healthy eating.
维生素片不能替代健康饮食。
substitute/replace
substitute 强调“代替；顶替”，substitute A for B 用A代替B(使用A)
replace 强调“替换；更换”，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的，通常用take the place of更通俗些。replace A with B 用B替换A(使用B)
用substitute和replace的适当形式填空
④She________sugar for honey.
⑤We ________ a flat tyre with a new one.
【答案】 ④substitutes ⑤replaced
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
1．as well as表示“不仅……(而且……)”，常用于连接并列成分
As well as having a national flag，many countries also have a national flower.(P38)
除了有国旗之外，许多国家还有国花。
He gave me clothes as well as food.
他既给我食物，又给我衣服。
(1)连接并列成分(如形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式等)时：
①表示“不仅……(而且……)”时强调as well as前面的成分；not only...but also...强调but also后面的成分；
②连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”，此时是as...as...结构；
(3)作介词，相当于besides或in addition to，后常接名词、代词或动名词。
The students as well as their teacher are excited.
学生和老师都很兴奋。
She's clever as well as beautiful.
＝She's not only beautiful but also clever.
她不但漂亮，而且聪明。
She can speak English as well as a native speaker.
她英语说得和当地人说得一样好。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)This training program can give you a lift at work，________increase your income by 40%.
A．as well as B．so long as
C．so much as D．as soon as
【解析】 句意：这个培训项目不但能让你的收入增加40%，而且能让你在工作中有一定的提升。give you a lift at work与increase your income by 40%为并列关系。as well as可用来连接两个并列成分，意为“不但……而且……”。so long as只要，引导条件状语从句；so much as甚至于；as soon as一……就……。
【答案】 A
句型转换
①Not only you but also I am to blame.
→________as well as________am to blame.
②John can speak Chinese as well as French.
→John can speak________French________Chinese.
③He not only printed the books but also published them.
→He published the books，as well as______________．
④Helen as well as her brother has gone abroad.
→Helen________________ her brother has gone abroad.
【答案】 ①I；you ②not only；but also ③printed them ④along with
2．show sth. to sb.给某人看某物(＝show sb.sth.)
He was showing it to everyone and recording everyone's voice with it.(P39)他正在给大家看他的录音机并用它录下了大家的声音。
You have to show your ID card to the guard at the door.你得向门卫出示你的身份证。
show off炫耀；卖弄；使显眼
show sb. around带领某人参观
show sb. out开门送某人出去
show up到场，出席
Before you start work，I'll show you around the office so that you can meet everyone.你开始工作之前，我带你在办公室到处转转，这样你可以和大家见见面。
Don't look at him！He's just showing off.
别看他！他是在炫耀自己。
介、副词填空
①The black dress showed________her grace.
②The factory director showed the students________his factory.
③My mother asked me to show my grandmother________．
④The policeman put a chemical on the paper and the fingerprints showed________．
⑤He showed his passport________the customs officer.
【答案】 ①off ②around ③out ④up ⑤to
3．Even then，it would be some time before I was in the black.(P39)即使在那时，我也要再过一段时间才能有钱。
It would/will be＋一段时间＋before从句表示“要再过(多久)才……”。
It would be ten minutes before the water boiled.
要再过10分钟这水才会沸腾。
It will be one year before we meet each other.
再过一年我们才能彼此见面。
It was...before...过了(多长时间)才……
It will be...before...要用(多长时间)才……
It wasn't...before...没过(多长时间)就……
It won't be...before...用不了(多长时间)就会……
before有许多译法，下面提供几种以参考：
①表示“在……之前”，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系。
②表示“还未来得及……就……”，强调主句谓语动词所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的精力比较小。
③表示“趁着……”。
④表示“不知不觉多少时间已经过去了”。
⑤表示“……才”，强调主句所表达的时间、距离很久或花费的力量相对比较大时。
⑥表示“……就”，强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的精力相对比较小时。
⑦表示“没等、直到、等到”。
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
在我到达车站之前火车已开走了。
Take it before you change your mind.
买了吧！不要三心二意了。
We can set off early before it gets hot.
我们可以趁着天不热早点儿出发。
Time passed quickly and three months went by before he knew it.
时间飞快地流逝，他没感觉到三个月已过去了。
We waited a long time before the train arrived.
我们等了很长时间火车才到达。
I hadn't waited long before he came.
我没有等多久他就来了。
The crop will die before the rain falls.
等到天下雨，庄稼早枯死了。
【对接高考】
(2010·陕西高考)John thinks it won't be long________he is ready for his new job.
A．when B．after
C．before D．since
【解析】 考查状语从句。所填词引导状语从句，构成“It will be＋时间段＋状语从句”，意思是“过多久将……”。
【答案】 C
写出before在下列句子中的汉语意思
①Now let me tell you this before I forget.________
②Before I could sit down，she offered me a cup of tea.________
③He died before writing a will.________
④I had not gone a mile before I felt tired.________
⑤It will be five years before we meet again.________
⑥We started before day broke.________
【答案】 ①免得 ②没等 ③没来得及 ④就 ⑤才 ⑥在……之前
4．If you expect different places to have the same food as you are accustomed to at home，then you are bound to be disappointed.(P41)如果你期望不同的地方都有你在家习惯吃的同种食物，那么你就一定会非常失望的。
(1)the same...as引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中通常作主语、宾语，先行词是the same修饰的名词。
He is wearing the same jacket as I bought yesterday.
他穿着和我昨天买的一模一样的夹克。
①as作为关系代词可引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句所表示的整个情况或其中一部分，as在从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如；像……一样”。
②除上面提到的the same...as外，such...as也常引导定语从句。
③as还可以引导限制性定语从句。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知，月球每一个月围绕地球转一圈。
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.
他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。
the same...as.../the same...that...
the same... as... as引导的从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，是同类事物。
the same... that... that引导的从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一的”，即同一事物。
This is the same bag as I lost last week.
这个书包跟上周我丢的那个是一样的。
This is the same bag that I lost last week.
这就是我上周丢的那个书包。
①Mrs.Black took the police back to________place________she witnessed the robbery.
A．the same；that B．the same；as
C．the same；where D．as the same；as
【解析】 句意：布莱克太太把警察带到她亲眼目睹抢劫的地方。第二空在定语从句中作状语，所以用where，故答案为C项。
【答案】 C
(2)be accustomed to习惯于
I'm not accustomed to getting up so early.
我不习惯这么早起床。
I am accustomed to cold weather.我习惯于冷天。
accustom sb./oneself to(doing)sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
get/become/be accustomed to (doing)sth.
习惯于(做)某事
be used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事
It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.
我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。
You'll soon get accustomed to the job.
你将会很快习惯这个工作。
(3)be bound to(do)有责任或义务(做)；一定或注定(做)
You've done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam.你下了这么大功夫，一定能考及格。
The marriage based on money is bound to break up.
建立在金钱基础上的婚姻是肯定要破裂的。
I'm bound to say...我得说……
bound up in忙于；热衷于；专心于
bound up with有赖于；与……有关系
She is bound up in her own problems.
她忙于处理自己的问题。
His future is closely bound up with that of the company.
他的前途与那家公司的前程息息相关。
完成句子
②美国人吃饭时习惯喝咖啡。
Americans ________________ drinking coffee with their meals.
③他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。
He quickly ________________this new way of life.
④从那一刻起，我的生命就和她结下了不解之缘。
From that moment my life ____________ inextricably ________________hers.
⑤如果你学习更多实用句型，你肯定会成功。
You ______________succeed if you learn more useful sentence patterns.
【答案】 ②are accustomed to ③accustomed himself to ④became；bound up with ⑤are bound to
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会状语从句的用法和含义。
①Before the Revolution，there had been great unrest in France because people had no freedom and were suffering from hunger.
②Blue stands for liberty and justice，while white represents peace and honesty.
③Even though they lived in colonies，the Americans had been used to autonomous rule and low taxes.
④When the Americans objected to this，the British would not compromise but increased control over their American colonies instead，...
⑤Therefore，when we look at a flag，we can begin to see and study a country's history and culture.
状语从句
在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句，一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句等。
一、时间状语从句
在句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句，可放在句首、句中和句尾。常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有when，while，as，after，before，since，till，until，the moment(一……就)，hardly...when...(一……就)，no sooner...than...(一……就)等。
二、地点状语从句
在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。地点状语从句的常用引导词有：where，wherever(无论哪里)，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere等。
三、原因状语从句
在句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。原因状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导原因状语从句的常用词有because，as，since，now that(既然，因为)，in that(因为)，seeing that(鉴于)等。
Now (that) you are grown up，you should not rely on your parents.既然你已经长大了，就不应该再依靠你的父母。
四、目的状语从句
在句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句。目的状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导目的状语从句的连接词主要有in order that，so that，for fear(that)(唯恐，以防)，in case(以防，以免)。
He raised his voice in order that/so that he could make himself heard.他提高音量以便别人能听到。
五、结果状语从句
在句子中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般置于句尾。常用来引导结果状语从句的连接词主要有so that，so...that...，such...that...等。
He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.
他开车太粗心，差点丧了命。
六、条件状语从句
在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。引导条件状语从句的连接词常见的有if，unless(除非)，as/so long as(只要)，once(一旦……就)，on condition that(只要)，in case(假如)，supposing(that)(假设)，providing(that)(假设)，provided(that)(假设)等。
You will be late again unless you hurry.
倘若不快点，你又要迟到了。
七、让步状语从句
在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于句中。引导让步状语从句的连接词常见的有though，although，even though/if(即使)，as(虽然)，whether...or not(不管……与否/还是不)，whatever(无论什么)，whichever(无论哪一个)，whoever(无论谁)，whenever(无论什么时候)，wherever(无论哪儿)，however(无论多么)等。
All the nations should be equal，whether they are strong or not.所有国家都应平等，不管他们是否强大。
八、比较状语从句
在句子中作比较状语的从句称为比较状语从句。它一般置于句尾。比较状语从句常用as...as，not as/so...as...，than等连接词引导。
His handwriting is as good as yours.
他的书法和你的一样好。
九、方式状语从句
在句子中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。常用的连接词有as，as if(好像)，as though(好像)等。
The injured young man acted as if/though nothing had happened to him.这个受伤的年轻人行动起来好像什么事都没有发生似的。
Period ⅣTask & Project
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P43的课文，判断正误
1．In Beijing opera，only three colors were used to paint the performers' face.( )
2．Red face paint is used for someone who is brave.( )
3．People use different colors to describe each character in Beijing opera facial painting.( )
【答案】 1－3 FTT
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P46－47的课文，选择最佳答案
1．What does the color red mean in South Africa
A．Happiness and good luck.
B．Sadness.
C．Violence.
2．Why did women wear yellow ribbons on their collars or sleeves in the USA and the UK decades ago
A．Because they wanted to show the hope that their men would come home from war or other kinds of separation.
B．Because they wanted to look more beautiful.
C．Because they wanted to mourn the men who were killed in the war.
3．What does “in the black” mean in Paragraph 5
A．It means to be cool and elegant.
B．It means to mourn the dead.
C．In means having money or that a business is making a profit.
【答案】 1－3 BAC
1．require 要求；命令
In Beijing opera，performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colours to help show the dimensions and depths of their characters' personalities.(P43)在京剧里，要求演员在脸上画多种脸谱并着色，以助于展示人物个性的深度和广度。
All passengers are required to show their tickets before boarding.所有的旅客上车时都要出示车票。
①require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
②require doing＝require to be done
③require后接宾语从句时，谓语动词用(should)do，即虚拟语气形式。
The room requires
这个房间需要打扫。
I require that he(should)help me.
我要求他帮助我。
①与require sb. to do结构相同的词还有：
advise，allow，ask，beg，command，drive，expect，encourage，force，forbid，get，hate，help，invite，lead，like，love，order，persuade，permit，prefer，promise，request，remind，teach，tell，trust，want，warn，wish等后均可用带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
②与require doing/to be done结构一样的词还有need，want，deserve。
③在表示建议、要求、命令、决定、坚持等动词后的that从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，或省略should。常见的动词还有：advise，propose，suggest，move (提议，要求)，ask，demand，request，urge，order，command，decide，vote，prefer，recommend，insist等。
在表示建议、要求、命令等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词也用虚拟语气形式，即(should)do。
They advised us to start early.
＝They advised that we (should)start early.
他们建议我们早开始。
I propose that we (should)set a deadline for handing in the plans.我建议我们定一个交计划的最后期限。
My advice to him is that he (should) get on well with his co workers in the company.
我给他的建议是应与公司的同事和睦相处。
The general's order was that 2，000 soldiers be sent to the flooded area.
长官的命令是派2 000名士兵到洪涝灾区。
翻译句子
①他要求我们早点起床。(require)
__________________________________________________________________
②他们已经作出下月关闭该旅馆的决定。(make a decision)
__________________________________________________________________
③他苍白的脸说明他病得严重，医生建议立刻手术。(suggest)
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①He required us to get up earlier/that we (should) get up earlier. ②They have made a decision that the hotel be closed next month. ③His pale face suggested he was badly ill，and the doctor suggested he be operated on without delay.
2．As Beijing opera changed over the years，other colours were introduced，each with its own meanings．(P43)随着京剧在岁月中的变化，其他颜色也被引入，每种颜色都有自己的含义。
(1)introduce vt.介绍；倡导；提倡；引进
He introduced his friend to me.
他把他的朋友介绍给我认识。
introduce...into/to把……引进/引入……
introduce A to B把A介绍给B
introduction n．介绍；传入
Buddhism was introduced into China about AD 67.
佛教是大约公元67年传入中国的。
The store has introduced a new range of food for children.这个店新进了一系列的儿童食品。
【提示】 introduce不能用于introduce sb.sth.结构。
完成句子
①他在聚会上介绍我认识一位法国工程师。
He ________ me ________ a French engineer at the party.
②是她最先使我体会到了帆船运动的乐趣。
It was she who first ________ the pleasures of sailing ________ me.
③大家相互介绍之后交谈就开始了。
________ were made and the conversation started to flow.
【答案】 ①introduced；to ②introduced；to ③Introductions
(2)each with its own meanings此结构是代词＋介词短语构成的独立结构。
Many people，most of them from the States attended the meeting.
很多人参加了这次会议，其中大多数人来自美国。
独立主格结构的构成：
名词/代词
独立主格结构在句中的位置：独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句尾，常用逗号与句子其他成分分开。
独立主格结构的功能：在句子中作状语。
Music over，all the audience stood up with fits of applause.音乐一结束，所有的观众都站起来报以热烈的掌声。
The audience having seated themselves，the concert began.观众坐好之后，音乐会开始了。
完成句子
④老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。
The teacher came in，__________________．
⑤信号发出后，火车开动了。
__________________，the train started.
【答案】 ④a book in his hand ⑤The signal given
3．choice n．选择，抉择；可供选择的物品
Our choices are almost never arbitrary and usually quite subjective.(P46)我们的选择几乎决不是随意的而通常是主观性的。
We have a big choice of the last fashions.
我们有最新流行的各式各样的商品供您选择。
at one's own choice任意地，随意地
from choice自愿地
have one's choice可自由选择
have no choice but to do sth.
除了做某事外别无选择
make/take one's choice作选择
there is (no) choice...(没)有……选择
There is no choice in this matter.
这件事没有选择的余地。
I have no choice but to accept his demand.
我别无选择，只好接受他的要求。
I'm afraid you have no ________ but to come along with us.
A．possibility B．permission
C．choice D．selection
【解析】 have no choice but除了……没有别的选择；只能……。
【答案】 C
4．Colour is a medium for expressing different feelings，but the meaning of colour is not consistent across different cultures.(P46)颜色是表达不同感觉的媒介，但色彩的含义在不同的文化中是不一致的。
(1)medium n．媒介；手段；方法(pl.media)中间的；中等的；普通的
His father is a man of medium height.
他的父亲是一个中等身材的人。
Newspaper is a prime medium of communication.
报纸是主要的传播工具。
Air is the medium of sound.空气是传播声音的媒介。
【提示】 复数media，也有人把它看成单数，有点像data。
①Television can be a ________ for giving information and opinions for amusing people，and for teaching them.
A．way B．medium
C．standard D．expression
【解析】 句意：电视可以作为传播消息和观点，娱乐群众和教育群众的媒介。way方式，方法，后常接of；medium媒介，手段，符合句意。
【答案】 B
(2)consistent adj.前后一致的；没有矛盾的；始终如一的
He is consistent in his argument.他的论点前后一致。
His story is not consistent with the fact.
他的话与事实不一致。
be consistent in在……方面一致
be consistent with与……一致
consistency n．始终，一贯，一致性，连贯性
The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the country's economy.
在最近五年里，这个国家的经济情况一直在好转。
完成句子
②她是该队中表现最为稳定的选手。
She's the team's ________________player.
＝She is ______________ in the team.
【答案】 most consistent；the most consistent player
5．associate vt.联想；联系
In some cultures，red is a symbol of joy and celebration and is associated with happy things.(P46)在一些文化里，红色是快乐和庆祝的象征并与高兴的事有关系。
I've never associated you with this place.
我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。
①associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.
把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……
associate with sb.与某人交往
be associated with...和……有关
②associate n．同伴，伙伴
③association n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with...与……合作/合伙
I wouldn't want to be associated with Mackey's project.
我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。
I don't like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
The book was published in association with a British association.这本书是和英国的一个协会合伙出版的。
完成句子
①我和那家法律事务所有关系。
I____________the law firm.
②他们更喜欢与同龄的朋友交往。
They prefer to ______________friends of their own age.
③他做了一个有关环境保护的演讲。
He made a speech ______________environmental protection.
【答案】 ①am associated with ②associate with ③in association with/(which/that was)associated with
6．connect v．把……与……连接，联系；以……联想
Yellow is most often connected with sunshine and warmth，...(P46)黄色常常与阳光和温暖联系在一起，……
This railway line connects Beijing and Jiulong.
这条铁路线连接北京和九龙。
Many people connect Germany with beer.
很多人把德国与啤酒联想在一起。
①connect with/to与……相连接
connect...with把……(与……)联系在一起思考
be connected with＝be associated with与……有关系；与……有亲戚关系
②connection n．连接，结合，关系，关联
make a connection with...与……建立关系，使与……有关系
in connection with与……相关联，关于
in this connection关于这一点
She is connected with the Smiths.
她与史密斯家有亲戚关系。
I went to the police in connection with the theft of my bicycle.我因为自行车被盗一事而去警察局。
The fire fighter connected the hose to a faucet in no time.消防队员立刻把水管接到水龙头上。
完成句子
①这座桥连接着这个岛屿与大陆。
The bridge________________the mainland.
②这两条铁路连接南北交通的大动脉。
These two railways are great arteries of traffic______________________．
【答案】 ①connects the island with ②connecting the South and the North
7．convey v．表达；传达(思想、感情等)；传递；运输
The idiom‘in the black’ also conveys the good meaning of having money or that a business is making a profit.(P47)习语“in the black”也传达着积极的信息，即有钱或者盈利的意思。
Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。
I can't convey my feelings in words.
我无法用言语表达我的情感。
conveyance n．运送
conveyer n．运送者
The conveyer conveys the goods by truck.
运送者通过卡车运送物资。
This ship conveys oil from the Middle East to the US.
这艘船从中东运输石油到美国。
Air is the medium by which sound waves are conveyed.空气是传递声波的媒介。
This train ________ over three hundred passengers every day.
A．transmits B．conveys
C．ferries D．transfers
【解析】 句意：这趟火车每天运送三百多名旅客。convey运送，输送；transmit传递(消息，新闻)；ferry指用船运送货物；transfer转移，调动(工作)。
【答案】 B
8．marry vt.& vi.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶；把……嫁给……
In most Western countries，white is the traditional colour for wedding celebrations，and women get married in a white dress.(P47)在大多数西方国家，白色是婚礼上用的传统颜色，女士穿白色礼服结婚。
They got married last month.他们上月结婚。
marry sb.娶某人；嫁给某人(marry后不加介词)
marry sb.to sb.把某人嫁给某人
marriage n．结婚；婚姻
married adj.已婚的
get/be married (to sb.)(与某人)结婚
She married a rich man.她嫁给了一个有钱人。
He married both his daughters to rich businessmen.
他把两个女儿都嫁给了富商。
【提示】 marry与get married强调动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用；be married强调状态，可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
单句改错
①She married with an Englishman.________
②Have you married？________
③How long have you married？________
【答案】 ①去掉介词with ②Have→Are或married→got married ③married→been married
单项填空
④—How about Alice
—________．
A．She had married for two years
B．She married well
C．She married with a rich man
D．She is going to marry to Zhang Lin
【解析】 句意：——艾丽斯怎么样呢？——她嫁得好。此题考查marry的用法。在B项中marry作为不及物动词使用，表示婚姻状况。A、C、D三项的结构都不对，A项应该用has been married，C项应该把with去掉，D项中应去掉第二个to。
【答案】 B
9．case n．具体情况；事例；实例
In some cases，white also represents things that are holy.(P47)在一些情况下，白色也象征着神圣的事物。
In some cases people had to wait several weeks for an appointment.
在某些情况下，人们不得不等上好几周才能得到约见。
in any case无论如何；总之
in case＋从句 假如；以防(万一)，引导条件状语从句
in case of＋名词 假使；万一
in sb's case就某人来说
in no case“在任何情况下都不”，放在句首时，句子要倒装
as the case may be根据情况而定
In any case，you'll need to be at the station by nine.
不管怎样，你要在9点钟到车站等候。
The money will be received by the husband or wife as the case may be.
这笔钱是由丈夫还是妻子收，根据情况而定。
In case I forget，please remind me of my promise.
如果我忘了，请提醒我曾经许下的诺言。
I'll take an umbrella in case (it rains)．
我要带一把伞，以防下雨。
完成句子
①无论如何，所有条例都必须遵守。
All these rules must be observed ______________．
②我本不应该让任何人进来，但就你的情况来说，我就破一回例了。
I'm not supposed ______________，but I'll make an exception ______________．
③他们给我的工资可能不会多，如果是那样的话，我就不接受这份工作。
They may not offer me much money，__________ I won't take the job.
④你绝不应该放弃。
______________should you give up.
【答案】 ①in any case ②to let anyone in；in your case
③in that case ④In no case
10．Therefore，the next time you choose your clothes，you should think more carefully about what colours to wear.(P47)所以，下一次你选衣服时，你应该更仔细考虑一下所穿的颜色。
(the)next time在句中起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句，意思是“下一次”。
Take me (the) next time you go abroad.
下次你要到国外去时带我一起去。
Next time you see her，give her my best wishes.
下次你见到她时，请代我向她致意。
类似用法的还有：
①every time，each time，the last time，the first time
②the moment，the instant，the minute
③immediately；instantly，directly
Every time I travel abroad，I buy my parents some souvenirs.每次出国旅行，我都给父母买些纪念品。
The moment I see the general manager，I will tell him about the coming meeting.
我一看到总经理，就会把要召开会议的事告诉他。
The first time they referred to the young pianist，I thought he was a man without name.他们第一次提到这位年轻的钢琴家时，我还以为他只是一个无名的小人物。
【提示】 当the first time引导时间状语从句时，要注意与for the first time作状语区分开来。the first time相当于连词，而for the first time只能作状语。
完成句子
①________________(我听到声音的那一刻)，I knew father was coming.
②______________(每次我陷入困境时)，he would come to help me out.
③______________(她最后一次看到他时)，he was playing on the bank of the river.
【答案】 ①The moment/instant/minute I heard the voice ②Each/Every time I was in trouble ③The last time she saw him
怎样介绍中国的传统节日
中国有不少传统节日，如the Spring Festival，the Lantern Festival，the Dragon Boat Festival，the Mid autumn Festival等，介绍这些节日时应注意以下几点：
1．合理安排写作内容，提高整体美感。
介绍中国传统节日时往往需要从节日地位、节日来历、纪念时间、纪念对象、纪念目的和纪念活动等角度着手。
2．正确把握写作时态，提高语言的准确性。
众所周知，节日庆祝是一种传统文化，基本上每年都没有太大变化，因此描绘节日地位、纪念时间、纪念对象、纪念目的和纪念活动时多用一般现在时。介绍节日来历时多用一般过去时。
3．熟悉规范性语言，提高语言的规范度。
节日介绍类作文中很多语言是有规律出现的，如介绍节日地位时常用．..is an important Chinese traditional festival.或Being one of the traditional festivals，...has an important position in China，介绍节日历史时常用．..has a history of about...years；介绍节日来历时常用．..dates back to...years ago；介绍节日纪念目的时常用People celebrate...in memory of...，介绍节日纪念对象时常用They hope...can bring them good luck.或They hope...can bring them a good harvest/rich year/happy life。
4．贴切使用过渡性词汇，提高行文连贯性。
介绍节日地位时可用as we all know，as is known to all，按序介绍节日活动时可用first，then，finally，at last，in the end等表示顺序的过渡性词汇，也可使用besides，what's more，at the same time，in the meanwhile等表示并列的过渡性词汇。
假设你叫李平，你的一个外国朋友汤姆向你了解中国的传统节日——中秋节。请根据以下提示写一篇短文，词数：150左右。
节日地位 中国最重要的传统节日之一
纪念时间 农历八月十五
纪念对象 月光之神
纪念目的 希望月光之神能给人们带来好运
纪念活动 节日前夕，亲朋好友之间互赠月饼；人们尽可能回家与家人团聚；晚上，人们在室外赏月、聊天、憧憬美好的未来
参考词汇：农历的lunar
[思路分析]
一个外国朋友向你了解中国的传统节日——中秋节，可用回信的方式给予答复。第一步大致介绍中秋节的意义及其日期；第二步说明中秋节形成的原因及纪念目的；第三步详写纪念活动——团聚、吃月饼、赏月。适当增加细节，使句子通顺，语言组织严谨，结构安排合理。
[词汇热身]
1．传统的________
2．介绍________
3．庆祝________
4．为了纪念________
5．亲戚________
6．聚在一起________
【答案】 1.traditional 2.introduce 3.celebrate 4.in memory of/in honour of 5.relatives 6.get together
[句式温习]
1．正如你所了解的，作为一个中国最重要的传统节日，中秋节有很长的历史。
________，being one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals，the Mid autumn Festival has a long history.
2．中秋节是在农历八月十五，月亮又大又亮。
It's celebrated on lunar August 15th，____________________________________.
3．在中秋节，为了与家人聚在一起人们从四面八方往家里赶。
On the Mid autumn Festival，people________from all kinds of places to get together with the whole family.
4．我希望有一天你能来中国与我们一起庆祝这个节日。
________ one day you can come to China to celebrate this festival with us together.
【答案】 1.As you know 2.when the moon is the fullest and brightest 3.try to get home 4.I hope
[连句成篇]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
You once asked me for some background information about one of China's traditional festival—the Mid autumn Festival.Now，I'm writing to introduce something about this festival to you.
As you know ，being one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals，the Mid autumn Festival has a long history.It's celebrated on lunar August 15th，when the moon is the fullest and brightest.People celebrate this festival in memory of the Moon God.They hope the Moon God can bring them good luck.Before the Mid autumn Festival，relatives and friends send each other mooncakes.On the Mid autumn Festival，people try to get home from all kinds of places to get together with the whole family.In the evening，people sit outside，enjoying the full moon.Besides，they chat with each other.As you can imagine，they look forward to being able to have a bright future.
I hope one day you can come to China to celebrate this festival with us together.
Yours，
Li Ping
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ n．动乱；动荡；骚乱
2．________ adj.根本的；十分重大的；基础的
3．________ vt.废除；废止(法律、制度、习俗等)
4．________ vt.象征；代表
5．________ n．正义；公正；司法制度
6．________ n．致敬；敬礼vt.& vi.致敬；敬礼
7．________ n．比率；速度vt.& vi.评估；划分等级
8．________ vi.& n．妥协；让步
9．________ vi.& vt.顺从；投降；提交
10．________ n．美德；德行；优点
11．________vt.& vi.替换；替代n.替代者；替代品
12．________n．职业，工作；侵占，占领
13．________adj.任意的，随意的；专制的，专横的
14．________adj.主观的；主语的；主格的
15．________adj.一致的；始终如一的；连续的
【答案】 1.unrest 2.fundamental 3.abolish
4．symbolize 5.justice 6.salute 7.rate
8．compromise 9.submit 10.virtue 11.substitute
12．occupation 13.arbitrary 14.subjective 15.consistent
B．词汇拓展
16．________ n．解放→________ vt.使(人)获自由；解放
17．________ n．平等；均等→________ adj.平等的；相等的→________vt.等于；比得上
18．________ vi.反对；不赞成→________ n．反对
19．________n．相似点；相像处；相似性→________adj.相似的；类似的
20．________n．雄心，抱负；野心→________adj.有抱负的；野心勃勃的
【答案】 16.liberation；liberate 17.equality；equal；equal
18．object；objection 19.similarity；similar 20.ambition；ambitious
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________at random
2．________________in salute to
3．________________date back to
4．________________get one's way
5．________________compare...with
6．________________习惯于……
7．________________负有……义务/责任的；一定；必然
8．________________把……和……联系在一起
9．________________由于……，归因于……；预定，应归于……
10．________________把……与……联系起来
【答案】 1.随机；随意 2.向……致意/敬礼 3.追溯到；始于 4.随心所欲 5.与……进行比较 6.be accustomed to 7.be bound to do 8.associate...with 9.due to 10.be connected with
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
11．The people for the experiment were chosen completely ________．
12．She always ________in the end.
13．The custom ________medieval times.
14．He has been working at English，so he________ pass the exam.
15．He ________ living in the USA，for he has lived there for 10 years.
16．He wasn't able to join in the party ________ his illness.
【答案】 11.at random 12.gets her way 13.dates back to 14.is bound to 15.has been accustomed to
16．due to
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Blue stands for liberty and justice，while white represents peace and honesty.
【句式仿写】 克隆植物很简单，然而克隆动物却很复杂。
Cloning plants is straightforward ________ cloning animals is very complicated.
2．Even though they lived in colonies，the Americans had been used to autonomous rule and low taxes.
【句式仿写】 虽然他是美国人，但却习惯生活在中国。
________he is an American，he________ living in China.
3．If you expect different places to have the same food as you are accustomed to at home，then you are bound to be disappointed.
【句式仿写】 我有一本和你从图书馆借来的一样的书。
I have ________ book ________ you borrowed from the library.
4．Therefore，the next time you choose your clothes，you should think more carefully about what colours to wear.
【句式仿写】 下次你一见到他，就告诉他这个消息。
You should tell him the news ________ you saw him.
【答案】 1.while 2.Even though；is used to 3.the same；as 4.the next time【美文阅读】
圣经里有很多习语被沿用，你知道他们的含义吗？
Go to pot
This phrase was originally used in the kitchen.All of the leftovers that weren't good for anything else went to pot.That is，they were thrown into a big pot to make a stew.Now when we say something has gone to pot，we mean it has not been taken care of and has gone bad.
“Have you checked the garden recently？” Dan asked.No，Pete replied，not for a week or so.
You'd better get out there，or the weeds will take over and the whole thing will go to pot.
Live and let live
This saying means mind your own business and let other people live as they wish to live.
Kenya said to Daryl，“Look at those ugly shoes! You need to buy some new ones.”“Kenya，I think these are cool shoes，” Daryl said .“I'm going to keep dressing the way I want to dress.As for you，you'd better learn to live and let live.”
Shipshape
When a ship is ready to sail，with all its decks cleaned and equipment in good order，it is shipshape.We use this saying to describe anything that is in perfect order.
Mrs.Walters waved her hand around the messy classroom.The desks were covered with colored paper，paint，water and paintbrushes.“Listen up！” she called out.“Nobody goes to lunch until this room is shipshape.”
Through thick and thin
If you're riding a horse in the forest，it's harder to ride through thick woods than it is to ride through thin woods.But a determined rider will ride through thick and thin to get to his destination.We use this expression to describe someone who will persist through good times and bad.
“Maleek and I are best friends，” Dwayne explained，“He's stuck with me through thick and thin.”
【诱思导学】
1．What did Dan hope Pete to do according to the text
__________________________________________________________________
2．Which phrase do you use if you want to express the meaning that you support someone，even in difficult situations
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.To take care of the garden.
2．Through thick and thin.
Period ⅠPreviewing
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P50－51的课文，完成下列表格
The 1.______ of idioms An idiom is a group of words or an expression and it has a special meaning which is not usually 2.________．
The 3.________ of idioms Quite a few of idioms come from the 4.________．
Different5._____ to understand the meanings of idioms Have straight forward and clear meanings Feet of clay
Use 6.________to create an image Kill the 7.___ calf
Use food or things 8.______with food Apple of their somebody's eye
The 9.________of idioms Studying idioms can help improve our comprehension，and by learning enough important idioms，we can develop a high level of competence in our 10.________skills.
【答案】 1.definition 2.apparent/clear 3.origins
4．Bible 5.ways 6.animals 7.fatted 8.connected/linked/concerned 9.importance/functions/significance
10．communication
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P50－51的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statement is true about an idiom
A．Its meaning is straight forward.
B．Its meaning can be understood by its separate words.
C．It has a special meaning.
2．Which is not the language that the Bible was first written in
A．English. B．Hebrew. C．Greek.
3．What does the idiom “feet of clay” mean
A．It means that there is a hidden weakness in somebody whom we admire or respect.
B．It means to see signs that disaster is coming.
C．It means to have a large celebration.
【答案】 1－3 CAA
Ⅲ.课文缩写
An idiom is a group of words or 1.________ whose meaning is not 2.________．We can't understand its meaning according to its 3.________ words.4.________，its meaning can be different from the apparent meanings of its components.
Quite a few of the idioms come from the Bible.However，as time goes on，many idioms have either 5.________ their original meanings or have only a vague or loose 6.______ them now.
Every idiom comes from a story with different meanings.For example，“feet of clay”means that there is
7．________ in somebody whom we admire or respect，while the idiom “see the handwriting on the wall” means to see signs that disaster is coming，at the same time，some idioms use animals，8.________ or food to express its meaning，such as “kill the fatted calf”，“you reap what you sow” and “the apple of somebody's eye”．
By studying idioms，we can 9.________ our comprehension and 10.________ a high level of competence in our communication skills.
【答案】 1.an expression 2.straightforward 3.separate 4.In other words 5.lost 6.connection with 7.a hidden weakness 8.agricultural life 9.improve 10.develop
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．straightforward A．not covered by any clothes
2．vague B．easily damaged or broken
3．underline C．to become ripe；to make sth.ripe
4．bare D．easy to do or to understand；not complicated
5．strike E．to hit sb./sth. hard or with force
6．sow F．to plant or spread seeds in or on the ground
7．ripen G．not clear in a person's mind
8．delicate H．to draw a line under a word，sentence etc.
【答案】 1.D 2.G 3.H 4.A 5.E 6.F 7.C 8.B
Ⅱ.短语填空
in other words；by and by；every penny；hire oneself out；catch on；be different from；translate...into；either...or；in honour of
1．John was asked to leave the firm.________，he was fired.
2．His views ________ those of their parents.
3．Please ________the Chinese sentences ________ English.
4．________ you ________ your father can join in the game.
5．They built a monument ________ the soldiers killed in the war.
【答案】 1.In other words 2.are different from
3．translate；into 4.Either；or 5.in honour of
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．...，it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.
……，你很容易误解所读到的或听到的内容。
2．In honour of his return，his father killed and cooked a calf so that they could have a feast.
为庆祝他的归来，他的父亲宰牛并进行烧煮，以至能吃上一顿丰盛的大餐。
3．However，many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.
然而，今天许多习语原意荡然无存，或只与原意有含糊或松散的联系。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
1．influence vt.影响；对……起作用；支配；感化
Taoism has greatly influenced Chinese philosophy.(P49)道家的阴阳之说极大地影响了中国的哲学。
The weather influences crops.天气影响收成。
Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas.
年轻人很快地受到新思想的影响。
influence sb.to do sth.影响某人做某事
influence n．影响力；威望
have influence/effect on/upon对……有影响
influential adj.有影响力的
Who influenced her to do that？谁影响她做那件事的？
The weather has great influence on agriculture.
天气对农业有很大的影响。
influence/affect
influence 指间接、潜移默化的影响，涉及行为、思想、感情等，多指影响无形的事物。
affect 仅指影响感情或具体事物。
His writings have influenced the lives of millions.
他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。
Smoking can affect heart.吸烟可影响心脏。
用affect和influence的适当形式填空
①They try to ________ the size of the crops by using fertilizer.
②He was ________by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.
③This example has great ________on young people.
【答案】 ①affect ②influenced ③influence
2．An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words.(P50)习语是词组或者是一种表达方式，其意义不是那么简单，因为习语常常无法从孤立的单词意义中获得。
(1)whose是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，表示“……的”之意；它可以指人，也可以指物；既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句；whose表示所属关系指物时，可与of which转换，词序一般是：名词＋of which，也可用“of which＋名词”。
My uncle whose office we have just passed，is a lawyer.我的叔叔是个律师，刚才我们经过了他的办公室。
Look at the building，whose roof is white.
＝Look at the building，the roof of which is white.
＝Look at the building，of which the roof is white.
看那栋楼，楼顶的颜色是白的。
【对接高考】
(2012·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without________help I would never have got this far.
A．who B．whose
C．whom D．which
【解析】 句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。whose在定语从句中为关系代词，表示“……的”，句中先行词为Professor Smith。whose help在句意上相当于“Professor Smith's help”，whose是关系代词，引导定语从句。考生容易误选C，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，而忽略了题干中的help。若选C项的话，可去掉题干中的help。牢记定语从句各种引导词的用法并准确分析句子结构是解题关键。
【答案】 B
句型转换
①The man pulled out a gold watch，whose hands were made of diamonds.
→The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands______________ were made of diamonds.
→The man pulled out a gold watch，____________ the hands were made of diamonds.
②I bought a vase，the price of which was very cheap.
→I bought a vase，________price was very cheap.
→I bought a vase，____________ the price was very cheap.
【答案】 ①of which；of which ②whose；of which
(2)by doing...依靠……手段(方式)
He earns a living by writing.他靠写作为生。
I can tell by looking at you.
看着你我就知道是怎么回事了。
by做介词时意思较多，需认真辨别。
He is standing by the window.(在……旁边)
The Smiths came by the highway.(经，由，沿)
By this time tomorrow I will have finished the work.(不迟于，到……为止)
What do you mean by that？(靠，通过)
Sorry.I took your umbrella by mistake.(由于)
These apples are sold by the kilogram.(根据，按照)
The wealth of the society is created by the laboring people.(被，由)
The output of this year has increased by 30%.(相差……)
The room measures 5 meters by 4 meters.(表示面积)
The children went in two by two.(逐批)
③—What do you mean ________ saying “The boy is overgrowing”？
—I mean that he is tall ________ his age.
A．as to；for B．by；for
C．about；with D．by；to
【解析】 by靠，通过；for对于……而言。句意：——你说的那句“这个男孩太高了”是什么意思？——我的意思是对于他的年龄而言，他是比较高的。
【答案】 B
3．in other words换句话说；也就是说
In other words，its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.(P50)换句话说，其意义与其各个组成部分明显的意义可能非常不同。
It goes on horizontally.In other words，it goes from side to side，not from top to bottom.它是水平移动的。也就是说，它是从一边到另一边，而不是由上至下移动的。
break one's word失信；食言
in a(one)word总之
in word口头上
in words用语言
keep one's word信守诺言
word for word逐字地
leave word留言
word came that...有消息说……
The news spread by word of mouth.
这消息是口头传开的。
Word came that a great many soldiers were sent to Ya' an Sichuan province to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.有消息说大批战士被送到四川雅安去救助在地震中受困的人们。
完成句子
①换句话说，我们都不能去看电影。
________，none of us can go to the movies.
②他妻子是我女儿。换句话讲，我是他的岳母。
His wife is my daughter；________，I am his mother in law.
③有消息说将军要来视察军队。
__________________ the general would come to inspect the army.
④你的同学留言说他今晚来看你。
Your classmate ______________ he would come to see you this evening.
【答案】 ①In other words ②in other words ③Word came that ④left word that
4．either...or...或者……或者……；要么……要么……
However，many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.(P50)然而，今天许多习语原意荡然无存，或只与原意有含糊或松散的联系。
either...or...可以连接并列成分，也可以连接并列分句，连接主语时谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
It's wrong to regard our work either as totally good or as totally bad.
说我们的工作样样都好或是一无是处，都是不对的。
Either you come in person，or you entrust someone with the matter.你要么自己来，要么就托人办这件事。
Either you or he is wrong.要么你错了，要么他错了。
neither...nor...既不……也不……
both...and...既……又……；两者都……
Neither she nor I am right.她和我都不对。
Either she or I am right.我和她必有一人对。
Both she and I are right.她和我都对。
翻译句子
①从他的外貌可以判断他要么是位教师，要么就是医生。
__________________________________________________________________
②他不抽烟也不喝酒。
__________________________________________________________________
③他父母二人都参加了这个会议。
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Judging by his appearance，he is either a teacher or a doctor.
②He neither smokes nor drinks.
③Both his mother and his father attended the meeting.
5．For example，‘by and by’ now means‘before long’，but in the Bible，it was used to mean‘immediately’．(P50)例如，“by and by”现在的意思是“不久”，但在《圣经》中，它被用来表示“立刻，马上”。(P50)
(1)by and by不久，过一会儿
We'll return by and by.我们不久就会回来。
By and by she met an old man with a beard.
她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。
again and again再三地，一再地
on and on一直，继续
bit by bit一点一点地，渐渐地
little by little渐渐地
step by step渐渐地
side by side并肩地
day by day一天一天地，逐日
day after day日复一日，天天
She stood side by side with the accused.
她与被告并肩站着。
Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.他日复一日地投入那项工作，直到完成为止。
完成句子
①The pain will go away________(一会儿)．
②The opponent team gained the ground________(渐渐地)．
③His medical condition is continuing to improve________(逐日地)．
④My mother does the housework________(日复一日，天天地)．
【答案】 ①by and by ②bit by bit/little by little/step by step ③day by day ④day after day
(2)immediately adv.立刻，立即
He wrote back to her immediately.他立刻给她回了信。
immediately conj.一……就；一经……立即(相当于instantly，directly，the moment，the minute，as soon as)．
immediate adj.立即的；即刻的。
We start the meeting immediately he comes.
他一来我们就开会。
Instantly he saw me，he held out his hands.
他一见到我，就伸出双手。
Directly I received his letter，I went to see him.
我一收到他的信就去看他了。
I fell in love with her the moment I saw her.
我对她一见钟情。
Our government must take immediate action.
我们的政府必须立即采取行动。
⑤Fortunately，somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department________the fire broke out.
A．hurriedly B．quickly
C．immediately D．shortly
【解析】 immediately可作连词，意为“一……就……”，其他三项不能引导句子。
【答案】 C
6．A biblical idiom is often an expression that underlines the moral of a story and gives the audience a picture to help them understand the story better.(P50)圣经习语常常是突出故事寓意的固定表达方式，给听众或读者一幅图像，以帮助他们更好地理解故事。
(1)underline vt.在……下画线；强调
In his speech he underlined several points.
在他讲话中他强调了几点。
Underline the most important sentences.
在最重要的句子下面画线。
underline the importance of... 强调……的重要性
underline＋从句
Her question underlined how little she understood him.
她的问题表明她多么不了解她。
The report underlined the importance of pre school ed ucation.这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。
【教师备课资源】
表示“强调……的重要性”的词汇还有：
stress/emphasize sth.
put/lay/place stress/emphasis on sth.
完成句子
①阅读时请画出关键词。
As you read，__________________ the key words.
②监狱工作人员罢工一事，突出地表明我们的监狱制度亟须改革。
Strike by prison officers ____________________ for reform in our jail.
③张老师强调学生们不会欢迎这些变化。
Mr Zhang________the students would not welcome these changes.
【答案】 ①please underline ②underline the need
③underlined that
(2)moral n．(事件、故事等的)教育意义；寓意；教训
The moral of all this is，look before you leap.
所以这一切的寓意是：先思而后行。
The moral of this story for children is that brothers and sisters shouldn't quarrel.
这篇故事对儿童的教育意义是兄弟姐妹不应当吵架。
draw a moral from从……中吸取教训
morals n．道德；品行；风纪
moral adj.道德的；道义上的
We should underline the importance of moral education.
我们应该强调道德教育的重要性。
完成句子
④祖父是一个很讲道德的人。
My grandfather is ________________．
⑤电影的寓意是犯罪是没好结果的。
________________was crime does not pay.
⑥这是个礼貌问题，而非道德问题。
This question is one of ______________．
【答案】 ④a very moral man ⑤The moral of the film
⑥manners rather than morals
7．After spending every penny of his money and being_reduced to hiring himself out to feed pigs，he realized that he had been a fool and went home.(P51)在花光每一分钱后，他沦落到为人打工、替别人养猪的地步。他意识到自己是多么愚蠢，于是回家了。
(1)be reduced to sth./doing使(某人)陷入……；沦为……
She was reduced to begging for a living.
她被迫沦落至乞讨为生。
Hunger reduced him to stealing.饥饿迫使他沦为盗贼。
She was reduced to tears at the sight.
她见到那情景便哭了起来。
reduce sth. by sth.减少了……
reduce sth. to...减少到……；降价到……
reduce sb. to tears/science把某人弄哭/使某人哑口无言
reduction n．降低；减少；缩小
The workforce will be reduced by around 30 percent.
劳动力将缩减大约30%。
Risks must be reduced to the absolute minimum.
必须把危险降到绝对最低值。
There has been a dramatic reduction in the birth rate.
出生率已大大降低。
完成句子
①他们沦落到沿街乞讨。
They ________________begging in the street.
②这片美丽的森林已被毁，变成了一片荒地。
This beautiful forest ________ a wasteland.
③压力使他的神经都要崩溃了。
Stress had ________ him ________ a nervous wreck.
④本月我们的计算机将有特价优惠。
We are offering special ________ on computers this month.
【答案】 ①were reduced to ②has been reduced to ③reduced；to ④price reduction
(2)hire(oneself)out被雇用；受雇
They hired themselves out for the harvest.
他们受雇去收割庄稼。
She hired herself out to do housework.她受雇做家务。
hire v．雇用；聘任
hire out受雇；接受雇用；出租
In the meantime he hired out as a cook.
在此期间，他受雇为炊事员。
Why don't you hire out your car to your neighbours while you're away，and make some money
你不在家时为何不把车出租给邻居赚点钱呢？
hire/hire out/rent/rent out/employ
hire 短期租用，雇用。
hire out 短期出租，受雇。
rent 长期租用东西。
rent out 长期出租东西。
employ 长期雇佣。
完成句子
⑤他以前从事临时服务业。
He ______________ whoever needed his services.
⑥该公司出租汽车。
The company____________．
⑦出租车往往是计时出租的。
Taxis ________________ by the hour.
【答案】 ⑤hired himself out to ⑥hired out cars
⑦are usually hired out
8．In honour of his return，his father killed and cooked a calf so that they could have a feast.(P51)为庆祝他的归来，他的父亲宰牛并进行烧煮，以至能吃上一顿丰盛的大餐。
(1)in honour of为了庆祝；为了向……表示敬意
They held a ceremony in honour of those killed in the explosion.
为了纪念爆炸中的死难者他们举行了一个仪式。
in honour of sb.＝in one's honour为了纪念……/向……表达敬意
do sb. an/the honour of doing sth.赏光和某人做某事
have the honour of(doing)sth.有幸做某事，得到某荣幸
honour vt.尊敬，尊重某人
honour sb.with sth.给某人某种荣幸
Would you do me the honour of dining with me
你能赏光和我一块吃晚饭吗？
May I have the honour of the next dance
能赏光和我跳下支舞吗？
The president honoured us with a personal visit.
总统亲临，使我们感到荣幸。
完成句子
①你肯赏光陪我去参加晚会吗？
Will you ________________me to the party
②能参加这个会议我感到很荣幸。
I ____________ presenting the meeting.
③为了纪念这个英雄他们建了这个纪念塔。
They built a monument ________ the hero.
【答案】 ①do me the honor of accompanying ②had the honour of ③in honour of
(2)so that引导目的状语从句，这时从句的谓语动词常用may，might，can，could，should，will，would等情态动词。
Speak louder so that we can hear you.
说大声一点，以便我们听得见。
We'll sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.我们要坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清楚。
so that既可引导目的状语从句(＝in order that)也可引导结果状语从句，在引导结果状语从句时，有时也可能用情态动词can，could，极少用may，might或不用情态动词。so that省去that时，前面的逗号可用可不用。
①so...that...基本句式：
so＋adj.(adv.)＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋that...
so＋few/little(少)/many/much＋n.＋that...
②such...that...也可引导结果状语从句：
such＋(adj.)＋不可数名词＋that...
such＋(adj.)＋复数名词＋that...
such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数名词＋that...
③so，such修饰的成分置于句首时，主句常用倒装语序。
④so＋adj./adv.＋that...时，如结果状语从句是否定形式，可以转换成“too...to...”结构；如结果状语从句是肯定形式，可以转换成“...enough to...”结构。
We arrived early in the morning，so(that)we caught the first train.
我们大清早就到了，所以赶上了第一趟火车。
He was so excited that he could not speak.
他兴奋地连话都说不出来了。
So fast did the teacher speak that I couldn't follow him.
那个老师说得太快，我听不懂。
It was such a lovely day that we decided to go for a picnic.天气非常好，我们决定去野餐。
句型转换
④I hurried to the station so that I could catch the early train.
→I hurried to the station________________ I could catch the early train.
→I hurried to the station________________ catch the early train.
⑤He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.
→He drove carelessly________________ he almost lost his life.
→So carelessly________________ he almost lost his life.
【答案】 ④in order that；in order to ⑤so that；did he drive that
9．competence n．能力；资格，胜任(与for连用)；(做某事的)能力
By learning many important idioms，you can develop a high level of competence in your communication skills.(P51)通过学习足够多的重要习语，你能将交际技巧提升到较高水平。
There is no doubt of his competence for the task.
他的确有能力做好那项工作。
I doubt his competence to do the work.
我怀疑他是否有能力做那项工作。
competence in (doing)sth.在(做)……方面的能力
competent adj.有能力的，称职的
be competent to do sth.有能力做……
competently adv.有能力地，出色地
He's very competent in his work.
他非常胜任自己的工作。
【对接高考】
(2011·江苏高考)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional________．
A．consequence B．independence
C．competence D．intelligence
【解析】 句意：为了保持专业能力，老师们不得不断地更新他们的知识。competence能力，符合句意。consequence结果，independence独立，intelligence智力，均不符合句意。
【答案】 C
完成句子
①Are you sure that he________(能胜任……)this task
②The court ________ (不能做……)handle the case.
③He has gain a high level of ________(在英语方面的能力)
【答案】 ①is competent for ②is not competent to ③competence in English
10．When you have a thorough understanding_of English idioms and their origins，you can better understand and appreciate the history and cultures of English speaking countries，because idioms are carriers of history and culture.(P51)透彻了解英语及其起源，你可以更好地理解和欣赏英语国家的历史和文化，因为习语是历史和文化的载体。
(1)thorough adj.(thoroughly adv.)彻底的；全面的；绝对的；非常精确的
He is very thorough in his work.他对工作一丝不苟。
The police carried out a thorough investigation.
警方展开了全面的调查。
Everything was in thorough mess.
一切都是乱七八糟的。
①The personal information you give in the application form is too________．You should focus on something special about yourself.
A．common B．original
C．ordinary D．thorough
【解析】 句意：你的申请表里提供的个人信息太面面俱到了。你应该重点说说你的特长。根据后一句可知答案为D。thorough“彻底的，详尽的，全面的”。
【答案】 D
(2)have an understanding of sth.了解某事
If you know the neighbourhood.you have an understanding of what the children are like.假如你熟悉这个街区，你就明白这里的孩子是什么样子的了。
have little/no understanding of sth.对某事了解得很少/不了解
have some understanding of sth.对某事有一定的了解
have a thorough understanding of sth.对某事彻底了解
gain/get an understanding of sth.对某事有了解
He has a thorough/full understanding of the matter.
他完全了解这件事。
We should have a deeper understanding of the problem.
我们应该对这个问题有更深的了解。
Over time，you will get a far better understanding of the job.经过一段时间，你对这个工作的了解会好得多。
How can we gain an understanding of other cultures
我们怎么才能了解其他文化呢？
句型转换
②He understands the situation clearly.
→He ____________________the situation.
【答案】 has a clearly understanding of
(3)appreciate vt.意识到；懂得；欣赏；感激
You can't appreciate Chinese poems in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到中国诗歌的美妙之处。
The boss of that company fully appreciated his talent.
那家公司的老板非常赏识他的才华。
I would appreciate your help.
我将十分感激你的帮忙。
appreciate sth./doing sth.诚恳希望做某事
I'd/will appreciate it if...如果……，我会非常感激。
I would appreciate your letting me know of any problems.如有什么问题，请告诉我，我会非常感激。
I will appreciate it if you pay in cash.
如果你支付现金，我将十分感激。
【提示】 appreciate后跟if或when引导的从句时常用it作形式宾语，与之用法相同的词还有：hate，like，dislike等。
③—Did you enjoy yourself last night
—Yes，it's very nice of you.I appreciated ________ to the party.
A．to be invited B．to have invited
C．having been invited D．being invited
【解析】 句意：——昨晚你玩得开心吗？——是的，你太好了。被邀请来参加聚会我十分感激。appreciate doing sth.诚恳希望做某事，对某事非常感激；动词invite和主语I之间是被动关系，并且invite的动作发生在appreciate之前，故选C。
【答案】 C
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
1．The religion of Jews is Judaism，which began over 3，000 years ago.(P54)
犹太人的宗教是犹太教，它开创于3 000多年前。
本句中含有一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句时，既可以指代先行词，也可以指代整个主句的内容。which从句只能置于主句后。
He was chosen chairman of the Students' Union，which made us very happy.
他被选为学生会主席，我们为此都很高兴。
【对接高考】
(2013·安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，________ made one of the Chinese people's long held dreams come true.
A．it B．that
C．what D．which
【解析】 句意：莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这件事使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。故选D项。
【答案】 D
完成句子
①他听了这个消息高兴地跳起来，这很自然。
He jumped for joy at the news，________________．
②我在那个公司工作，它是去年建的。
I work in that company，________________．
【答案】 ①which was natural ②which was set up last year
2．suffer vi.受痛苦；受疼痛；变糟；受到损害vt.遭受(痛苦、不幸等)
It can suffer if it is in a bad person，but we also use it to talk about our moods and feelings in general.(P55)坏人的灵魂会受到亵渎，但通常我们也可用它来谈论我们的情绪和感受。
He has suffered a lot of pain.他痛得很厉害。
At least he died suddenly and didn't suffer.
至少他死得很突然，没有经受任何痛苦。
suffer from遭受(一种具体的不幸或痛苦)
suffering n．痛苦，苦难
sufferings意为“痛苦，不幸的感觉，苦恼，折磨，苦难”。
sufferer n．受难者，受苦者。
Do you still suffer from headaches？你还头疼吗？
Death finally brought an end to her suffering.
死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
suffer from/suffer
suffer from 之后的宾语多是表示一种具体的不幸或痛苦的名词，如overwork(过度劳累)，flood(洪水)，drought(干旱)，drinking(酗酒)，smoking(吸烟)及headache等具体病名；
suffer 常用作不及物动词，用作及物动词时，之后的宾语则表示抽象笼统的痛苦或灾难，如hardship(痛苦)，injustice(不公正)，punishment(惩罚)，discouragement(失望)，insult(侮辱)等。
His health is suffering from heavy drinking.
他的健康因豪饮而受到损害。
The injured man was still suffering.
那个受伤的男人还在受着折磨。
He will not suffer such insults.他不会容忍这样的侮辱。
________such heavy loss，the businessman didn't have the courage to go on.
A．Having suffered B．Suffering
C．To suffer D．Suffered
【解析】 句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大的损失，便失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。当分词的动作或状态先于句中谓语动词发生时，应使用现在分词的完成式having done来表示，因此选A。
【答案】 A
3．describe vt.描写；描绘；形容
The word angel means a messenger or helper from God，but it is also used to describe a sweet or very good person.(P55)“天使”这个词表示上帝的使者或辅助者，但天使还可以被描绘成讨人喜欢或非常善良的人。
She described the man she had seen.
她描述了她看见过的那个人的模样。
He was described as being very clever.
人家说他非常聪明。
describe sb./sth. to/for sb.为某人描述某人/某事
describe sb./sth. as...把某人/某物描述成……
“describe＋从句”意为“描述……”
describe＋v. ing
describable adj.可描述的
description n．描述，说明
descriptive adj.叙述的，描写的
Can you describe him to me
你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？
Jim was described by his colleagues as an “unusual” man.吉姆被同事们称为“不寻常”的人。
Several people described seeing strange lights in the sky.几个人都说看到天上出现了奇异光芒。
完成句子
①西湖风景美得难以形容。
The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful ________．
②他把他所看到的向我作了充分的描述。
He ________what he had seen.
③在这个故事中他被描述成一个英雄。
He ________ a hero in the story.
【答案】 ①beyond description ②gave me a good description of ③was described as
4．They believe that the spirits must all be given presents of food because if they are hungry，there will be great suffering and burdens for people to bear．(P57)他们认为一定要给鬼怪奉送食物作为礼物，因为如果那些鬼怪饿了，人们就得承受巨大的灾难和压迫。
(1)burden n．担子；负担；包袱；重任
It is a burden to the people.这对人民来说是一种负担。
A donkey can carry a heavy burden.
驴子能驮很重的东西。
The burden fell on me.责任落在了我身上。
burden vt.使负重担；烦劳
burden sb./oneself with sth.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务，职责等)
be burdened with担负……
She got off the bus，burdened with two heavy suitcases.
她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。
He was only twenty two，and to be burdened with a family！他才只有二十二岁，竟要担负起养家的重担！
完成句子
①我不想再多提问题，以免增加你的负担。
I will not________ you________ more questions.
②他们负担了一笔很高的按揭借款。
They have ____________ with a high mortgage.
③我不想在年老时成为孩子们的累赘。
I don't want to be ________________of my children when I'm old.
【答案】 ①burden；with ②burdened；themselves
③a burden
单项填空
④Learning has become a must，which they are forced to face.So it is the teachers and parents who have thrown the heavy________on the children.
A．burden B．confidence
C．difficulty D．challenge
【解析】 burden n．担子；负担；包袱；重任。
【答案】 A
(2)bear(bore，borne或born)作及物动词用，意为“担负，承担，生产，生育”。用于否定句和疑问句中，常与can，could连用，意为“忍受，忍耐”
The pain was almost more than he could bear.
这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。
He bore the pain bravely.他勇敢地忍着痛。
can't bear to do/doing忍不住做
bear a heavy burden担负重荷；承担重负
bear out证实，为……作证
bear up承受，挺住
bear with耐心对待，容忍
完成句子
⑤我不忍看人受苦。
I can't bear__________________．
⑥他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。
He can't __________________at.
⑦这次跌倒后他是如何坚强地站起来的？
How is he __________________ since the fall
⑧有证据显示，学生以小组方式学习效果最佳。
Evidence __________________ the idea that students learn best in small groups.
【答案】 ⑤to see/seeing people suffering
⑥bear being laughed/bear to be laughed
⑦bearing up ⑧bears out
5．sacrifice n．牺牲；牺牲品；祭品；祭祀
The most important person in a Karen village is the priest and he is consulted regularly about sacrifices and other ceremonies.(P57)在Karen村中最重要的人是牧师，他负责日常的祭祀和各种庆典活动。
He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.
他为国牺牲了。
Parents often make sacrifices in order to educate their children.父母为了教育孩子常作自我牺牲。
Is the sacrifice of one's health to money making worth?while？牺牲健康去赚钱值得吗？
Kill a sheep as a sacrifice.宰羊作为祭品。
make sacrifices to do/for...为……作出牺牲
at the sacrifice of...以……为代价(相当于at the cost/expense of...)
at a sacrifice亏本地
sacrifice v．牺牲；献出
sacrifice sth.for sth.为……献出……
sacrifice sth.to do sth.为……牺牲了……
She has sacrificed her pleasures and life for her husband's interests and welfare.
她为了丈夫的利益和幸福，牺牲了自己的快乐和生命。
Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
父母常为子女作出牺牲。
完成句子
①哈利作出重大牺牲，把弟弟送去美国。
Harry ________ send his brother to America.
②我们绝不能牺牲环境来发展经济。
Never can we develop economy ________ the environment.
【答案】 ①made big sacrifices to ②at the sacrifice of
单项填空
③The revolutionaries sacrificed themselves________our country during the past years.
A．for B．to
C．of D．in
【解析】 考查介词辨析。句意：在过去，很多革命者为了我们的国家牺牲了自己的生命。sacrifice...for...为……牺牲/献出……。
【答案】 A
6．count on指望，依靠
The proverb‘don't count your chickens until they are hatched’means‘don't count on something going well until it happens’．(P57)谚语“不要在小鸡孵出之前计算它们的个数”意指“不要过早打如意算盘”。
You can count on me doing my best.
请相信，我一定尽全力。
We can't count on this warm weather lasting.
我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。
count v．计数；算数；包括；看作；重要；有价值
count...from...to...从……数到……
count out逐一地数；不包括
Billy can count from 1 to 10.比利能从1数到10。
If you're going out tonight，you'll have to count me out.假如你今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。
First impressions really do count.第一印象真的很重要。
完成句子
①我就靠你帮我啦。
I'm ______________ you to help me.
②几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。
Few people can ______________having a job for life.
【答案】 ①counting on ②count on
单项填空
③Surely it doesn't matter where they get their money from；what________is what they do with it.
A．counts B．applies
C．stresses D．functions
【解析】 count在句中的含义为“有价值，有意义”。句意：毫无疑问，他们从哪儿弄到的钱这无关紧要，真正有价值的是他们用这些钱做什么。
【答案】 A
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会英语的句子结构。
①One famous example of this is“feel of clay”．
②This idiom comes from a story in the Bible.
③There are many idioms in English，and quite a few of them come from the Bible.
④For example，‘by and by’now means‘before long’，but in the Bible，it was used to mean‘immediately’．
⑤Idioms often use a number of words to represent a single object，person or concept，among other things，and unless you recognize an idiom when it is being used，it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.
⑥When you have a thorough understanding of English idioms and their origins，you can better understand and appreciate the history and cultures of English speaking countries because idioms are carriers of history and culture.
句子结构
英语阅读中碰到复杂句时，我们往往要分析其句子结构，才能更好地理解句子。按照句子的结构来分，英语句子有以下四类：
一、简单句
从句子结构上看，有些句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，只要句子只包含一个主谓结构，这样的句子就是简单句。简单句有5种基本句型：
1．主语＋连系动词＋表语
He is a good teacher.他是个好老师。
2．主语＋不及物动词
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
3．主语十及物动词＋宾语
We study English very hard.我们努力学英语。
4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
We gave him some money.我们给了他一些钱。
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补
We found the film very interesting.
我们发觉电影很有意思。
二、并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。最常用的并列连词有and，or和but。注意从属连词because不能与并列连词so连用，although不能和but连用，但可以与yet连用。
There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible.
英语中有许多的习语，而且许多习语来源于《圣经》。
He often gets up early，or he will be late for school.
他经常早起，不然就会上学迟到。
三、复合句
一个分句不能独立存在而是依附于另一分句，成为后者的一个组成部分，这种句子叫做复合句。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whereas，whose，which，while，what，who，whom，although等。复合句由主句和从句构成，从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1．名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.(主语从句)
We are discussing where we have our sports meeting.(宾语从句)
The fact that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句)
—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game
—Oh，that's what makes me feel excited.(表语从句)
2．形容词性从句又叫做定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whom，who，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why。
This is the place which/that we visited.
I was the only person in my office who was visited.
The exams were put off，which was exactly wonderful.
Mr Wang is such a good teacher as we all respect.
The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross river traffic is the heaviest.
3．副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句之后。
I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.(时间)
Since nobody is against the plan，let's begin.(原因)
He sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time.(目的)
He didn't stop work though/although he was badly ill.(让步)
四、并列复合句
并列复合句是并列句和复合句在同一个句子中存在的句式。
Although he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him.尽管他学习非常刻苦，但考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。
Period ⅣTask & Project
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P62－63的课文，判断正误
1．Before AD 67，there's no Buddhist temple in China.( )
2．In the year AD 67，the Emperor Mingdi of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty instructed a group of officials to go on his behalf as agents to India.( )
3．Qiyun Pagoda was built before the Honglu Temple was renamed.( )
4．The White Horse Temple is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Luoyang.( )
【答案】 1－4 TFFT
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P62－63的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which one of the following statements is true about the White Horse Temple
A．It was built by two Indian monks.
B．It was the first Buddhist temple in China.
C．It was built in honour of the Emperor Ming di.
2．Who invited the two Indian monks to come to China and give lectures on Buddhism
A．The officials of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
B．The Emperor of Mingdi of Western Han Dynasty.
C．The two Indian monks themselves wanted to come to China.
3．Where was the two Indian monks buried after they died
A．In the Qiyun pagoda.
B．In Afghanistan.
C．In India.
4．Which is not the reason that we repair and protect the white Horse Temple today
A．It is an important holy Buddhist site.
B．It is a famous tourist attractions.
C．It is used for wars and disasters.
【答案】 1－4 BAAC
1．fall into掉入；养成(坏习惯)；开始(谈话)
One of the bags of gold fell into a stocking that was hanging up to dry over the fireplace.(P58)装金子的袋子中有一袋落进了一只正挂在火炉上烤的长袜里面。
They have fallen into poverty.他们已陷入贫困。
She turned and fell into his arms.
她转身扑进他的怀里。
I fell into conversation with a writer at the party.
在聚会中我与某位作家谈了起来。
Those who keep bad company can easily fall into undesirable habits.伙伴不好者很容易养成不良习惯。
fall apart破裂，破碎
fall away减少，减小，消失；脱落，疏远，离弃
fall back后退
fall back on sb./sth.求助于/借助于某人/某物
fall behind落后，落在……后面
fall for迷恋，对……倾心
fall on/upon向……进攻；落在……之上
fall out掉落，脱落；吵架，争论，失和
fall through失败，成为泡影
Their marriage finally fell apart.
他们的婚姻终于破裂了。
I have a little money in the bank to fall back on.
我在银行还有一点钱可以需要时动用。
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.那次生病使得他落在班上其他同学之后。
句型转换
①He began to quarrel with his classmate.
→He ____________________ his classmate.
→He ____________________ his classmate.
→He ____________________ his classmate.
②He has fallen in love with her.
→He ____________________ her.
③She always turns to her teachers.
→She always________________ her teachers.
④She hurt her ankle and couldn't catch up with the others.
→She hurt her ankle and ________________ the others.
【答案】 ①fell into a quarrel with；fell out with；had a quarrel with ②has fallen for ③falls back on
④fell behind
2．aid n．帮助，援助 vt & vi.帮助，资助
There are many stories about how St Nicholas gave aid to others.(P58)有数不清的关于圣尼古拉帮助他人的故事。
He was breathing only with the aid of a ventilator.
他只能靠呼吸器呼吸。
He aided me in business.他在事业上帮助我。
①with the aid of sb.在某人的帮助下
in aid of sb.为了帮助某人
be a great aid to/for对……有极大帮助
②aid sb.帮助某人
aid sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in sth.在某方面帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth./in doing sth.帮某人做某事
I aided him to repair the computer.我帮他修理电脑。
They were accused of aiding him in his escape.
他们被控帮助他逃跑。
In aid of children in the poor area，he collected much money to build schools.为了帮助贫困地区的儿童，他集了很多钱盖起学校。
句型转换
①I aided her to continue her duty.
→I aided her________________ her duty.
②With the help of computer，my son does his homework.
→________________ computer，my son does his homework.
【答案】 ①in continuing ②With the aid of
单项填空
③People were________in their investigation by the cooperation of the students.
A．stopped B．aided
C．aimed D．cooperated
【解析】 考查固定短语，“帮助某人做某事”表示为aid sb. to do sth./in(doing) sth.。在本题中，只有B项符合，句意：人们在调查中得到学生的合作帮助。A.停止；C.瞄准；D.合作。故选B。
【答案】 B
3．present v．介绍，引见；展现，呈现；授予，赠送；造成，引起；提出，呈递；上演，上映
St Nicholas is also presented as wearing the neat，traditional clothes of a religious leader，not a red woollen suit with a black belt like Father Christmas's.(P58)圣·尼克拉斯作为穿着整洁、传统服的宗教领导被介绍给人们，而不像圣诞老人那样穿红色羊毛外套，扎着一条黑色腰带。
I had the honour of being presented to the Governor.
我荣幸地被引见给州长。
Now that the sports competitions are over，the Chairman will present the prizes.
体育比赛已结束，主席即将发奖。
①向某人赠送某物
②present adj.出席的；在场的
be present at出席；目前的；现在的
for the present (time)眼前；暂时
③present n．目前；现在；礼物
at present＝at the present time目前；现在
up to the present直到现在
He presented his girlfriend with a bouquet of flowers.
他献给他的女友一束花。
When are the committee presenting their report
委员会什么时候提出他们的报告？
The project is being discussed at present.
现在这个项目正在被讨论。
【提示】 present用作形容词，意为“在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语，意为“现在的”时，常作前置定语。
用适当的介词填空
①The prize was presented ________the winner.
＝The winner was presented ________the prize.
②I presented the letter of introduction ________the receptionist.
③He had the honour of being presented ________the Queen.
【答案】 ①to；with ②to ③to
完成句子
④All the ________________(在场的女孩)each have a ____________(礼物)．
⑤What's your____________(现在的地址)
【答案】 ④girls present；present ⑤present address
4．deliver v．递送，交付；为……接生；发言
He also has twelve reindeer that help him deliver presents on Christmas Eve.(P58)
他还有12只驯鹿帮他在圣诞节运送圣诞礼物。
Some new books have been delivered to the school.
一些新书已被送到学校。
①deliver sth.(to sb.)投递/传送某物(给某人)
deliver a speech发表演说
be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby生孩子
deliver sb./sth.over to sb.把……移交给某人
deliver a message带信；传话
②delivery n．递送；交付
The headmaster delivered an encouraging speech at the graduation ceremony.
校长在毕业典礼上作了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。
She was delivered of a healthy baby girl in the hospital last night.昨夜她在医院里产下一健康女婴。
【提示】 deliver作“生孩子”讲时，常用于被动语态，且与of连用。
完成句子
①我们办公室的邮件每天投递两次。
Mail ______________ our office twice a day.
②胡锦涛总书记在香港回归15周年庆祝大会上发表了重要讲话。
President Hu Jintao ________________ at HK's 15th return anniversary celebration.
【答案】 ①is delivered to ②delivered an important speech
单项填空
③They ________the air conditioner to your door and help you install it for free.
A．give B．release C．pass D．deliver
【解析】 句意：他把空调送货上门并帮你免费安装。根据句意答案为D项。
【答案】 D
5．be supposed to应该做……；某人被期望……
Ask Student 2 about the different names for Father Christmas in different countries，and also about when this person is supposed to deliver presents in each country.(P60)问学生2不同国家圣诞老人的不同名字以及在每个国家圣诞老人应该派送礼物的时间。
Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.
老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。
①was/were supposed to常常用来把本应该发生的事与实际发生的事进行对照，意为“本应该”。
②当be supposed to后面接“have＋过去分词”时，表示“本应该做某事而没做”。
③be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.
火车本应在半小时之前到达。
He is supposed to have left for Italy last week.
他本应上周动身去意大利的。
He was supposed to have told me about it.
他本应该把这件事告诉我的。
She was not supposed to be angry about that.
她本不该为那件事而生气的。
【对接高考】
(2011·辽宁高考)What are you doing out of bed，Tom？You're________to be asleep.
A．supposed B．known
C．thought D．considered
【解析】 考查动词的辨析。be supposed to do应当做，应该做。句意：汤姆，你不睡觉在做什么？你现在应该睡觉。
【答案】 A
完成句子
①他本应该一个小时前就到北京了。
He ______________ in Beijing an hour ago.
②这个工作应该在三天之内完成。
The work ______________ in three days.
【答案】 ①is supposed to have arrived ②is supposed to be finished
6．Then the emperor instructed a group of officials to go on_his_behalf as agents to India to find more information about Buddha.(P62)于是，明帝下令派遣一批大臣作为使者，代表他前往天竺拜求佛法。
(1)instruct vt.指示，命令，吩咐；讲授
The teacher instructed the pupils to come into the gym.
老师命令学生到体育馆集合。
All children are instructed in the use of the library.
所有孩子们都学习了利用图书馆的方法。
①instruct sb.to do指令某人做某事
instruct sb.＋从句
②instruction n．说明，操作指南，指示；教学，讲授。
disobey/ignore instructions.拒绝/忽视指示
carry out/follow/obey instructions.服从指示
give/issue/provide instructions发出指示
She instructed him how to do it.她教他怎么做。
Have you been instructed when to start
通知你什么时候出发？
I tried to follow her instructions，but I got confused.
我试图按照她的说明做，但我却糊涂了。
【提示】 instruction作“说明，指示”讲时，多用复数。
①A new survey shows that 54 percent of Americans do not take prescription medicines________though they are important to their health.
A．as they instruct B．as were instructed
C．as to be instructed D．as instructed
【解析】 本题考查as的省略句。此处as instructed表示“正如所指示的那样。”
【答案】 D
(2)on sb.'s behalf亦作on behalf of sb.，表示“代表某人；为了某人的利益”
A lawyer read out a statement on behalf of the victim's family.律师代表受害者家属宣读了声明。
I offered to speak to the manager on his behalf.
我主动为他找经理谈话。
②I am writing________my father，to express his thanks for your hospitality.
A．on account of B．in terms of
C．in honour of D．on behalf of
【解析】 on account of由于，因为；in terms of...就……而言；in honour of...为纪念……；on behalf of...代表……。根据句意“我代表我父亲给你写信，感谢你的款待”，可知答案为D。
【答案】 D
7．possessions为复数形式，表示“个人财产，私人物品”
They travelled on two white horses，carrying their few possessions，some Buddhist readings and images of Buddha.(P62)他们用两匹白马拖着极少数的物品，一些佛经和佛像。
The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.
这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。
①possession n．所有物；拥有；占有；持有
be in possession of/take possession of...拥有……
be in the possession of...为……拥有
②possess v．拥有(不用于进行时)；具有(特质)；支配；控制(感觉、情绪等)；(用于否定句和疑问句)使言行失常
The gang was caught in possession of stolen goods.
这伙人被捉住，人赃俱获。
The class is in the possession of him.这个班被他拥有。
I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
A terrible fear possessed her.一阵恐惧攫住了她。
完成句子
①1947年该城堡归温特塞特镇所有。
The town of Winterset ________ the castle in 1947.
②遗憾的是，那些记录已经不在我们手里了。
Unfortunately，we no longer have those records _________．
③他从来就没有多少钱，但他一直有一些好朋友。
He never _______ much money，but he always ________good friends.
【答案】 ①took possession of/was in possession of
②in our possession ③possessed/took possession of；possessed/took possession of
8．It was the White Horse Temple that first brought the meaning of ‘temple’to the word ‘si’．(P62)
是白马寺最先赋予了“寺”以“寺庙”这个意思。
这是一个强调句型，强调主语the White Horse Temple，还原成正常语序为：The White Horse Temple first brought the meaning of ‘temple’ to the word‘si’．
强调句结构：“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”，所强调的可以是单词、短语或从句，但结构必须完整，被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，但不强调谓语。
①强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
②强调句的特殊疑问句只在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。
It was at this school that he spent his childhood.
他就是在这所学校度过了他的童年。
It's not only blind men who/that make such a stupid mistake.不仅仅是瞎子犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was him that I met at the school gate.
我在校门口碰到的就是他。
Was it at this school that he spent his childhood
他是在这所学校度过他的童年吗？
Where was it that he spent his childhood
他是在什么地方度过他的童年的？
【提示】 强调句的判断，将it is/was...that去掉，如果剩下的部分是一个完整的句子，则为强调；否则就不是。
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.(结构完整)
It is not who is right but what is right ________ is of importance.
A．which B．it
C．that D．this
【解析】 考查强调句。句意：不是谁是对的而是什么是对的尤为重要。强调主语not who is right but what is right。
【答案】 C
9．It is said that if you stand about 20 metres away from the pagoda and clap your hands，you will hear the sounds repeated and multiplied from the roof，just like frogs croaking.(P63)据说如果你站在离塔20米远的地方击掌，可以听到屋顶传来放大的声音回荡，类似蛙鸣。
It is said that...为主语从句，从句中又包含一个条件状语从句。
It is said that when you hear the special sound，you will find a beautiful bird fly over your head.据说当你听到这个特殊的声音时，你将发现一只美丽的鸟飞过你的头顶。
It is agreed that...大家一致同意……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is estimated that...据估计……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is proved that...据证实……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is thought that...大家认为……
以上的表述可转为People/They agree/believed/said/thought…＋that…或主句主语＋is/are/was/were agreed/believed/said/thought to do...(hope除外)。
It's believed that he should be punished because he drove too fast.大家认为他应该受到惩罚，因为他开车太快了。
It is reported that there hasn't been a colder winter in many European countries in many years.
据报道在许多欧洲国家今年是多年未有的寒冬。
句型转换
①People often say that we are living in an age of information explosion.
→________________we are living in an age of information explosion.
→________________in an age of information explosion.
【答案】 ①It is often said that；We are said to be living
单项填空
②It has been proved________eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A．if B．because C．when D．that
【解析】 业已证明童年时期多吃蔬菜有助于预防晚年时一些重病的发生。句中it作形式主语，后面从句是真正的主语，从句结构完整，故用连接词that。
【答案】 D
10．The White Horse Temple is not only the oldest Buddhist temple in China，but also the oldest one still in use.(P63)白马寺最迷人的地方之一就是它不仅是中国最古老的佛教寺庙，也是最古老的仍在使用的寺庙。
not only...but also意为“不仅……而且；不仅……还”，连接两个并列的成分或两个分句。
He is famous not only in China，but also in the world.
他不仅在中国闻名，在世界也是如此。
①not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词跟后面的主语保持一致。类似的连词有neither...nor...，either...or...等。
②not only...but also...连接两个分句且not only放在句首时，not only后的分句要用倒装语序，but also后的分句不用倒装。
③but also可拆开用，有时也可省去其中一个，也可变为“not only...but...as well”。
Not only you but (also) I am to blame.
不但你，我也要受到责备。
He not only has read the novel but remembers what he has read.他不仅读了那本书，而且还记住了书的内容。
He is not only my teacher but my friend as well.
他不仅是我的老师，还是我的朋友。
完成句子
①那个问题不仅十分重要，而且还难以解决。
____________that problem very important，but (also) it is very difficult to solve.
②我不仅打网球而且练射击。
____________ play tennis but also practise shooting.
③他们说英语不仅在课堂而且在宿舍。
They speak English not only in class ________ in the dormitory.
【答案】 ①Not only is ②I not only ③but also
11．as such正因如此(代词such指前面分句)
The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history，and as such，it is one of the first historic buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.(P63)对于中国人民和中国历史来说，白马寺具有重要意义，正因如此，它被政府列为首批受国家重点保护的历史建筑。
He is a brilliant scholar and is everywhere recognized as such.他是位才华横溢的学者，而且各地都公认他确实如此。
He is a good man and is known as such to everybody.
他是个好人，大家都知道这一点。
He is my father and as such can tell me what to do.
他是我父亲，所以他能够告诉我该做什么。
It was as a physician that he represented himself，and________ he was warmly received.
A．as such B．such as
C．as that D．so that
【解析】 句意：作为一个物理学家，他代表自己，正因如此他受到了热烈欢迎。根据句意答案为A项。
【答案】 A
12．On both sides of the courtyard are a number of different halls for praying and chanting，receiving guests，and rooms where the monks live.(P63)庭院两侧有许多供祈祷、诵经和接待香客的殿堂，还有僧人就寝的房间。
本句为倒装句，主语为a number of different halls...and the rooms...，on both sides of the courtyard为表语。表示方位的介词短语放在句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词，主语较长，一般要倒装。
After the head walked a group of workers.
头儿走了出来，后面跟着一群工人。
They arrived at a house，in front of which sat a small boy.
他们到达一座房子，房子前面坐着一个小男孩。
Just in front of our house ________ with a history of 1，000 years.
A．does a tall tree stand
B．stands a tall tree
C．a tall tree is standing
D．a tall tree stands
【解析】 状语前置引起全部倒装，主语a tall tree要完全放于谓语stands之后。
【答案】 B
描述考古发现
描述考古发现是应用比较少的文体，写作要严谨真实。介绍考古物品，要抓住以下几点：
1．描述物品的基本特征和象征意义。
2．发现的原貌和物品的外观特征，条理一定要清楚。
3．遣词造句一定要简洁。注意用词准确。
4．常用的表达：
It dates back to...
It shows...
It...of great importance to the research.
It's at most four metres long.它至多4米长。
I think it is almost six metres wide.我认为它将近6米宽。
It could be made from...它可能是由……制造的。
Our evidence shows that...我们的证明表明……
根据内容描述某一考古发现。
在南京博物馆展出一具商代的青铜面罩，距今有几千年历史了，它摸上去很光滑，是在河南省的一个县出土的。有两只眼睛和耳朵，有牙齿，就像一个人在笑一般，鼻子非常扁平，这个面具可能代表着神，戴着面具的人充当神的角色。现在有很多人参观它。它对于研究古代的习俗有重要的意义。
[思路分析]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：首先介绍青铜面罩的年代，出土地点；然后描述青铜面罩的外表，特征。最后指出它的意义。另外本篇文章说的是历史文化遗产，站在现在的角度去描写，故应用一般现在时。
[词汇热身]
1．追溯到．..________________
2．平滑的________________
3．出土；挖掘________________
4．好像________________
5．代表________________
6．风俗________________
【答案】 1.date back to/date from 2.smooth 3.unearth 4.as if/as though 5.represent/stand for 6.customs
[句式温习]
1．它可以追溯到商朝，有几千年的历史。
________ to Shang Dynasty and has a history of several thousand years.
2．它摸上去很光滑，是在河南省的一个县出土的。
________ and was unearthed in a county in Henan Province.
3．你能看见它的牙齿，它们看起来就像是一个人在微笑。
You can see the teeth and they look ________ the man was smiling.
4．这个面具可能代表着神，戴着面具的人充当神的角色。
This mask may ________ a God ________ the person who wore it would have acted the role of God.
5．这个面具对于研究古代的习俗有重要的意义。
The mask ________________ to the research of ancient customs.
【答案】 1.It dates back 2.It feels smooth 3.as if
4．have represented；so that 5.is very important/of great importance
[连句成篇]
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【参考范文】
In Nanjing Museum，a man face mask is showed.It dates back to Shang Dynasty and has a history of several thousand years.I feels smooth and was unearthed in a county in Henan Province.It has two ears.You can see the teeth and they look as if the man was smiling.The nose is flat.This mask may have represented a god so that the person who wore it would have acted the role of the god.Many people visited it and it is of great importance to the research of ancient customs.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，率真的
2．________ adj.模糊的，隐晦的；不详细的，粗略的
3．________ vt.强调；突出；加下划线
4．________ adj.裸露的；无遮盖的；空的
5．________ vt.击打；撞击；攻击；罢工
6．________ adj.彻底的，完全的；细致的，深入的
7．________adj.易碎的，脆弱的；纤细的，精致的
8．________n．负担，重担，重负
9．________adv.经常，频繁地
10．________vt.&vi.(使)缩短
11．________n．香水；香味
12．________vt.& vi.递送，运送；发表(演讲)，宣布
13．________n．光线；射线
14．________vi.& vt.祷告，祈祷
15．________vi.& vt.唱颂；反复呼喊
【答案】 1.straightforward 2.vague 3.underline
4．bare 5.strike 6.thorough 7.delicate 8.burden 9.frequently 10.shorten 11.perfume 12.deliver 13.ray
14．pray 15.chant
B．词汇拓展
16．________ adj.农业的→__________n．农业
17．________ vt.播种；散布→________过去式→________过去分词
18．________ vt.& vi.(使)成熟→________adj.成熟的
【答案】 16.agricultural；agriculture 17.sow；sowed；
sowed/sown 18.ripen；ripe
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．__________________换句话说
2．__________________不久，过一会儿
3．__________________所有的钱，每一分钱
4．__________________打工，受雇于人
5．__________________受欢迎，流行
6．__________________相信，信任，信仰
7．__________________ 大体上，总的看来，一般说来
8．__________________依靠，依赖
9．__________________围绕；以……为中心
【答案】 1.in other words 2.by and by 3.every penny 4.hire oneself out 5.catch on 6.believe in 7.in general 8.count on 9.centre around
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子
10．He didn't tell us the truth about the accident.________________，he cheated us.
11．You can ________________ him to do it for you.
12．The project ________________ the students in mountain areas.
13．Sports drinks ________________ as consumers have become more health conscious.
14．Most students don't like the game ________________．
15．Many people ________________ God in the small country.
【答案】 10.In other words 11.count on 12.centred around 13.have caught on 14.in general
15．believe in
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．...it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.
【句式仿写】 在一天内克服这个问题很难。
________________overcome the difficulty in a day.
2．In honour of his return，his father killed and cooked a calf so that they could have a feast.
【句式仿写】 我租了一条船，为的是可以去钓鱼。
I hired a boat ________________ I could go fishing.
3．However，many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.
【句式仿写】 他们或者什么也不做或者做些无用功。
They ________________ do nothing ________________ do something totally useless.
4．It was the White Horse Temple that first brought the meaning of ‘temple’ to the word ‘si’．
【句式仿写】 就是在这公园里我见到了那个朋友。
________________ in the park ________________ I met the old friend.
【答案】 1.It is difficult to 2.so that 3.either；or 4.It was；that
