课件40张PPT。*Keep the victim lying down and do not move him or her.You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.
* Take necessary emergency steps.
*Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system(急救系统) start.
*Do not remove clothing unless you have to.If clothing must be removed，tear the clothes along the seams(线缝)．
*Keep the victim warm.Cover the victim with a blanket.Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket can not he found.*Reassure (使安心)the victim.Explain what is happening and that help has been called.
* Do not give the victim any food or fruit.
*Keep the bystanders (旁观者 )away from the victim.Bystanders want to have a look, offer advice, and say something about the victim's condition.The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is.教师用书独具演示●教学目标
初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。●教学地位
本单元的中心话题是“急救”。阅读部分首先陈述皮肤对人体的重要性，然后介绍烧伤的各种原因、三种不同的烧伤程度以及它们所表现出的主要症状和所应采取的急救措施。急救可以救人于危机之中甚至性命，所以学会一些急救知识对每个同学都有重大意义，因此同学们应该好好学习这一课。 ●新课导入建议
通过一个具体事例，如某个同学在打扫卫生时被玻璃划伤手臂，流血不止，面对这一状况学生们应该什么急救措施。先让他们分组讨论，互相交流，最后选出最佳措施。 演示结束 Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P33～35的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3个单词)5．When someone is burned，what should be done first?
A．Remove clothing.
B．Dry the burned area gently.
C．Cool burns immediately.
【答案】 1－5 BCBCAⅢ.课文缩写
阅读P33～35的Reading部分，完成下面课文缩写
As everyone knows，the skin is 1. to us，and it acts as a 2. against being burned as well as gives us a sense of touch.However，our skins can sometimes be burned due to our carelessness.Therefore，first aid shows its importance in the 3. of burns.
Generally speaking，burns，which are caused by 4. ，fire，radiation and so on，can be divided into three types—first degree，second degree and third degree burns 5. on the injured layers of the skin.All various degree burns need first aid.If one is burned，you should not only take clothing off the buried area unless it is 6. it ，but also other clothing and jewellery near burns.
To minor burns，7. proves to be helpful in stopping the burning 8. ，stopping the pain and preventing or reducing 9. .But to severe burns，get the 10. to the doctor immediately.【答案】 1.essential 2.barrier 3.treatment 4.hot liquids 5.depending 6.stuck to 7.the cool water 8．process 9.swelling 10.victimⅡ.短语填空
first aid，fall ill，electric shock，squeeze out，stick to，over and over again，in place，carry out
1．Could you please one room for me?
2．He might or meet with some other disaster，so it was always better to be prepared.
3．He got burnt so badly that his clothes his skin.
4．I warned him not to go there at night.5．Do you know how to first aid if someone is bitten by a snake?
6．I got an from that faulty light switch.
【答案】 1.squeeze out 2.fall ill 3.stuck to 4.over and over again 5.carry out 6.electric shockⅢ.句型背诵
1．Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.
这种病或伤害通常不严重，但有一些时候，迅速急救会挽救人的性命。
2．If possible，discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.
如果可能，讨论一下在这些情形下你应该实施什么形式的急救。3．So as you can imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
因此你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了就可能非常严重。
4．There are three types of burns.Burns are called first，second or third degree burns，depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
根据皮肤烧伤的程度而有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。5．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。课件78张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与应用。
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写一些有关急救知识的简要介绍，并培养学生养成自觉用英语写作或记录某些生活常识的好习惯，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。●新课导入建议
As we all know that first aid is very important to everyone of us. Now I want to ask xxx to say something about his/her experience about first aid given to somebody. (老师让xxx同学谈谈他/她的一次急救经历。)演示结束 1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.(教材P33)急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种暂时的帮助。
My professor aided me to continue my study.
我的教授帮助我继续做研究。①with the aid of...在……的帮助下
in aid of sth./sb.以支援或帮助某物/某人
be a great aid to sb.对某人有极大的帮助
come to one's aid来帮助某人
first aid急救
②aid sb.in sth./doing sth.在某方面帮助某人
aid sb.with sth.以某事物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事He aided me in business/with money.
他在事业上/金钱方面帮助我。
I aided her to continue her study.
＝I aided her in continuing her study.
我帮助她继续做研究。
We're collecting money in aid of cancer research.
我们正筹集资金以资助癌症研究。
【提示】 aid既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“救助，帮助”，比help正式。多指“援助一群人(尤指用金钱)，接受帮助的人较广”。2．fall ill生病；病倒
Researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.
研究结果表明，性格开朗的人染病的几率小。
fall asleep睡着
fall silent沉默下来
fall in love with...爱上……
fall to pieces崩溃
fall down摔倒He fell in love with the notebook computer the first time he saw it.
他第一次看到这个笔记本电脑就喜欢上了它。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他正要入睡时突然有个大的敲门声。完成句子
③He while watching TV.
他看着电视睡着了。
④He didn't want others in his studies.
他不想在学习上落后于别人。
【答案】 ③fell asleep ④to fall behind3．Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.(教材P33)
通常情况下这些患者的伤病都不太严重，但有些时候，给予紧急援助会挽救人的生命。
(1)本句中when引导定语从句，先行词是times。关系副词when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
She says that she'll never forget the time when she worked as a village official in the village.
她说她永远不会忘记在那个村庄做村官的那段日子。
I will never forget the days whenI lived in the country.
我不会忘记住在乡下的那段日子。定语从句中，当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时，引导词是否用关系副词要看先行词在从句中的句子成分而定。若先行词作状语，则用关系副词；若先行词作主语、宾语或表语等成分时，则用关系代词。
I will never forget the days that/which I spent in the hospital.
我永远不会忘记我在医院度过的那几天。(2)injury n．损伤；伤害
Two players were out of the game because of injury.
两名队员因伤退出了比赛。①do an injury to对……造成伤害
②injure vt.伤害；损伤
③injured adj.受伤的；受损伤的
the injured伤员；受伤的人Your words do an injury to the little girl.
你的言语伤害了这个小女孩。
After the big earthquake，the injured had no access to the medical rescue immediately.
大地震后，伤员不能立即获得医疗上的救援。injure/wound/hurt/harm①poison one's mind毒害某人的思想
poison sb.to death毒死某人
②poisonous adj.有毒的
③poisoning n．中毒
④poisoned adj.下了毒的；浸了毒的The natives use poisoned arrows to kill big game.
土著人用毒箭射杀大猎物。
This kind of plant has poisonous roots.
这种植物的根有毒。
Bitten by a snake，Mary was soon poisoned to death.
因为被蛇咬了，玛丽很快就中毒身亡。完成句子
④ His dog .
他的狗被毒死了。
⑤Their minds .
他们的头脑已经被钱毒化了。
【答案】 ④was poisoned to death ⑤have been poisoned by money⑥(2012·德州高二检测)The stranger was afraid that someone would his food.
A．destroy B．poison
C．harm D．cook
【解析】 句意：那个陌生人害怕有人会在他的食物中下毒。poison毒害，投毒于，符合句意。cook one's food做饭；destroy破坏；harm危害。
【答案】 B5．bleed vi.& vt.(bled，bled)流血(教材P33)
The cut on my arm bled for a long time.
我胳膊上的伤口流了好长时间的血。
You are bleeding at the nose.(＝Your nose is bleeding.)你在流鼻血。
bleed for 为……流血；悲痛
bleed to death流血过多而死亡
bleed sb.for sth.榨取某人某物6．variety[U]变化；多样化[C]种种；各种各样；种类；品种
You can get burned by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation(by being close to high heat or fire，etc.)，the sun，electricity or chemicals.(教材P34)
你可能由于各种原因而被烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火等)、阳光、电和化学物品。
Variety is the spice of life.
[谚]变化是生活的调味品。①a variety of＝varieties of ＝various adj.各种各样的；不同种类的
②vary v．变化多；变化；使多样化
vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary with...随……而变动His opinions are various and many.
他的意见繁多。
The weather here varies from hour to hour.
这儿的天气时刻在变化。
【提示】 “a variety of＋复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用复数；“the variety of＋复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用单数。7．swell vi.&vt.(swelled，swollen)(使)膨胀；隆起；(使)增加
...dry，red and mildly swollen
干燥、发红、微肿(教材P34)
Her arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her.
她的胳膊上被蜜蜂蜇了的地方开始肿了起来。
The sails swelled (out) in the wind.
船帆鼓满了风。①swell up 膨胀，肿胀
swell out鼓起，凸出
swell with...(心中)充满……
②swollen adj.肿胀的8．electric adj.电的；导电的；电动的
Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes ，or severe petrol fires.(教材P34)
例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。
This heavy truck is driven by two electric motors.
这辆重型卡车是由两台电动机驱动的。electric/electricalif so如果这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if not如果不是的话
if any如果有的话③Please correct the mistakes， .
如果有错，请改正过来。
【答案】 ①if so ②if not ③if any(2)unless是连词，意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if...not...引导的状语从句互换。
We'll go out for a tour this Sunday，unless it rains.
＝If it doesn't rain，we'll go out for a tour this Sunday.
除非下雨，否则这个星期日我们将出去郊游。10．squeeze vt.& vi.榨；挤；压榨
For second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.(教材P34)
对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out.汤姆脱下了湿衣服，拧出了水。
The dog squeezed through the small hole in the wall.
那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。
squeeze out榨出；挤出
squeeze from从……榨取
squeeze out of从……中挤出/榨出
squeeze through挤着通过
squeeze sth.into...将某物挤成某形状
squeeze one's way推开别人通过；挤过11．over and over again反复；多次
My teacher has told me over and over again not to get addicted to computer games.
我老师已多次告诉我不要沉迷于电脑游戏。
I have warned you over and over again not to do that.
我已多次告诫过你不要做那件事。again and again 反复；一再
over and over一再；反复
time and(time)again多次；一再Children are forgetful and must be told time and (time)again how to behave.孩子们没有记性，必须反复告诉他们如何表现自己的举止。12．in place在适当的位置；适当
Hold the bandage in place with tape.(教材P35)
用胶布把绷带固定。
She has a habit of having everything in place.
她有把每件东西都放在适当的位置的习惯。
Her dress was quite in place at the party.
晚会上她的打扮非常得体。in one's place在某人的位置上
out of place不合适；不在适当的位置
in the first place首先；第一
in place of代替
take place发生(不用于被动语态)
take the place of代替
take one's place代替；就位，就职
give place to...让位给……These clothes are out of place.Please put them away，Lucy.这些衣服摆乱了。露西，请把它们放好。
In the first place，he has enough money to buy his son a big house.首先，他有足够的钱给他儿子买所大房子。
Do you think the Internet can take the place of newspapers？你认为因特网能代替报纸吗？【对接高考】
(2012·湖北高考)The furniture，with its modern style and bright colors，suits modern houses and their gardens，but looks in the garden of a traditional home.
A．out of question B．out of order
C．out of sight D．out of place【解析】 句意：这件家具具有现代化的风格和明亮的颜色，很适合现代化的房子和花园，但是放在一个传统风格房屋的花园里就显得有些格格不入。out of place“不在合适的位置，不合适”，符合句意；out of question“不成问题”；out of order“不按次序的，违反会议规程的”；out of sight“看不见，在视野之外”。
【答案】 D13．vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.(教材P35)如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。
This matter is of vital importance to us.
这件事对我们来说至关重要。be of vital importance至关重要的
be vital to...对……很重要
It is vital to do sth.做……是很重要的
It is vital that...……是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do，should可以省略)
Perseverance is vital to success.
毅力对于成功是至关重要的。
It is absolutely vital that the matter(should)be kept secret.这件事要保密，这是绝对至关重要的。【对接高考】
(2012·安徽高考)Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.
A．vital B．available
C．specific D．similar
【解析】 句意：对于学生来说，兴趣和理解能力同样重要，甚至(兴趣)更重要。vital“至关重要的”，符合句意。available“可利用的”；specific“特定的”；similar“相似的”。
【答案】 A14．pour vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌；不断涌向；下大雨
Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.(教材P35)
山姆弄破了水泡，还从冰箱里取出冰水敷在皮肤上。
The rain continued to pour down.
大雨哗哗地下个不停。pour in/into涌进
pour out of从……中涌出来
pour down(雨)倾盆而降
pour out倾诉
pour cold water on给……泼冷水，使扫兴The river pours into the sea.
这条河奔流入海。
The crowd poured out of the concert hall.
人群从音乐厅涌出来。
Some students often pour out their trouble to their teachers.有些学生经常向老师倾诉他们的烦恼。课时作业（九）课件51张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与语法的掌握。
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对语法的学习让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够把省去的部分补充完整，进一步体会省略的用法
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。演示结束 1．too much意为“太多”，用来修饰不可数名词，或单独使用，表示程度。
It keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too much water and provides you with your sense of touch.(教材P36)它(皮肤)使你保持温暖或凉爽；它(皮肤)阻止你的身体失去过多的水，并使你有了触觉。I have too much homework to do.
我有太多的作业要做。
The long trip is too much for the child.
这次漫长的行程让这个孩子受不了。2．She could not decide whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital.(教材P37)
她不能决定是要送他去医院还是不送他去医院。
(1)whether to send him...为“whether＋不定式结构，在句中作动词decide的宾语。
He didn't know whether to go there then.
他那时不知道是否去那里。
I haven't decided whether to accept his help.
我还没有决定要不要接受他的帮助。英语中有些动词(词组)如tell，show，know，decide，learn，discuss等词后可以用疑问词how，where，who，what等加不定式的形式作宾语，该结构在句中也可作主语或表语。
They are discussing where to have their holiday.
他们正在讨论去哪里度假？(2)whether...or...意为“或者……或者……，是……还是……”。可引导状语从句或名词性从句。
Whether we go to your place or stay here，we'll still find something to eat.不管我们是到你那里，还是在这儿，我们都需要找点东西吃。
Whether we go or not matters little.
我们去不去关系不大。
It is uncertain whether she will pass or fail.
她是及格还是不及格还不能肯定。观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会句中省略的部分。
①The skin is an essential part of your body and(it is)its largest organ.
②There are three types of burns.Burns are called first(degree burns)，second(degree burns)or third degree burns.③Examples include mild sunburn and burns(which are)caused by touching a hot pan，stove or iron for a moment.
④These burns are serious and(these burns)take a few weeks to heal.
⑤Romove clothing using scissors if (it is) necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
⑥If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if (it is) possible. [自我总结]
在以上句中，为了避免重复，保持句子简洁，括号部分都可 ，这样的句子叫 ．
【答案】 省略；省略句二、省略的用法
1．并列句中的省略
一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。
My room is on the fifth floor，and hers (is)on the eighth(floor)．我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。
I came at eight but Henry (came)at nine.
我八点来的，但亨利是在九点来的。2．复合句中的省略
(1)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。
Here is the man (whom)you've been looking for.
这位就是你一直在找的人。
He's the man (who/that)you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。(2)状语从句
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
When (the novel is)published，the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。
Although(he was)hard-working，he couldn't earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。(3)宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that一般情况下，可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下，that不能省略。
I hope (that)you'll be fine soon.
我希望你尽快康复。
Now scientists warn that if not under control，the unseen energy waves，“electric smog”，may be hazardous to our health.
现在科学家警告说，有一种肉眼看不到的能量波，即“电子烟尘”，如果不加以控制，可能危害人类的健康。(4)主省略句
有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
A：You all like the story?
你们都喜欢这个故事？
B：Yes，except that the conclusion is too hasty.
是的，只是结尾太仓促。3．虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
(2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...从句中常省略should。We insisted that they(should) go with us.
我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。
It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.我们有必要多记一些单词。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。4．动词不定式的省略
(1)有些动词(组)，如want，wish，expect，hope，would like，try，forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to.
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车，可他妈妈不同意。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不可省略。
His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.
他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。(3)感官动词(词组)see，look at，hear，listen to，notice，watch等和使役动词make，let，have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
I saw him enter the room just now.
刚才我看见他进了房间。
I didn't know who made him cry.
我不知道谁把他惹哭了。(4)在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to。
I can do nothing but wait.
我能做的只有等待。5．介词的省略
(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in)doing sth.；have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.；prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。(2)表示时间的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
We have a final exam every term.
每学期我们举行一次期末考试。6．替代性省略
英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can I put my bike here?
我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？
—You'd better not.你最好不要。Ⅰ.多项选择
1．(2011·江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
A．Otherwise B．If not
C．But for that D．If so【解析】 考查省略和替代。题干前半句说“听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了”，后句说“我们最好立刻去修理厂”，通过简单判断可知，这两个句子之间是顺承的关系，所以应该是“如果真的是这样的话(发动机坏了)”。因此选择“If so”，so代替前面句子中提到的情况。
【答案】 D2．(2012·天门高二检测)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes. ，I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．If ever B．If busy
C．If anything D．If possible
【解析】 句意：——你为即将到来的假期做了特别安排吗？——是的。有可能的话，我将去市里的几家老人院看看。if ever如果曾经；if possible有可能的话。
【答案】 D3．(2012·潍坊高二检测)The flowers his friend gave him will die unless every day.
A．watered B．watering
C．water D．to water
【解析】 考查状语从句中的省略，在unless，if，when，though等连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主语相同的主语和系动词be。该句中watered前省略了they are。句意：他朋友给他的这些花如果不每天浇水就会死掉。
【答案】 A4．They have earned lots of money，so I believe that the business is a success.
A．mildly B．firmly
C．actively D．tightly
【解析】 从They have earned lots of money可知，“我”坚信(firmly believe)生意是成功的。mildly温和地，轻微地；actively积极地，活跃地；tightly紧紧地。
【答案】 B5．(2012·宁波高二月考)It's dark and little Anne can't find her way home.She really doesn't know .
A．when to leave B．what to do
C．whether to do D．which to choose
【解析】 句意：天黑了，小安妮找不到回家的路，她不知道怎么办。本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，句中what to do相当于what she will do。
【答案】 B【答案】 1.but I don't know who 2.but his brother will not 3.Well done 4.If necessary 5.but he won't 6．and very painful 7.waiting for someone 8．most haven't课件74张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
掌握本课文中的词汇，理解课文，熟练掌握用英语表达“给予指南(Giving instructions)”的用法，深度理解“急救”的含义并就“急救”的话题进行英语表达。(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握 “ 操作指南”类文章的书写格式。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是根据要求给出一些用法说明或操作指南。属应用文 是高考作文中常见的一个方面。 此类文章的写作方法 在高考中占有相当重要的地位。●新课导入建议
我们都生活在错综复杂的社会现实中，我们往往会遇到一些意料不到的危险或事故。同时我们的朋友或家人也会遇到一些烦恼事向我们求助。我们怎样处理这些情况呢？那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解并学好如何处理这种情况。演示结束 Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P38课文，判断下列各题正误
1．The man attacked Anne Slade because he was stealing something and found by her.( )
2．John slowed the bleeding of Anne Slade's injures by putting pressure to the wounds.( )
3．John was presented with an award because he seized the murderer( )
【答案】 1－3 FTFⅡ.语篇理解
阅读P38课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why did John receive the Lifesaver Awards?
A．He was brave.
B．He carried out lifesaving first aid on his neighbor.
C．John took part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.2．How did John perform the first aid to his neighbor?
A．He asked someone for help.
B．He and his father carried out the act.
C．He used towels to dress the most severe injuries and slowed bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds.
3．What does the text indicate?
A．A knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
B．John was a brave person.
C．We can learn a knowledge of first aid.4．John Janson's story tells us that .
A．it is very important for us to learn some knowledge of first aid
B．we should be brave as John Janson when someone is in danger
C．how to perform first aid
【答案】 1－4 BCAA1．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.(教材P38)
约翰正在屋里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。
句中使用了“be doing...when...”句式，意为“正在/正要做某事，这/那时(突然)……”，其中when作并列连词相当于and then，and at that time，连接两个并列分句，其前面分句的谓语动词常用过去进行时，而后面分句的谓语动词多用一般过去时。They were having classes when the earthquake happened.他们正在上课，那时突然地震发生了。
I was playing computer games when electricity was cut off.昨晚我正在玩电脑游戏，这时停电了。
He was going home when she came to see me.
他正要回家，这时她来看我了。be about to do...when...即将做……这时(突然)……
be doing...when...正要/正在做……这时(突然)……
be just going to do...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when...正要去做……这时(突然)……
had done...when...刚刚做完……这时(突然)……
Lily was about to study when someone knocked at the door.莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。
I was on the point of going/was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。2．It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.(教材P38)
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的生命。
It is/ was...that是强调句型，其中is/was后可强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、状语等。
It was hard work rather than luck that determined his success.是勤奋而非运气决定了他的成功。
It was when my mom came back home that I went to sleep.
等妈妈回到家时，我才睡觉的。①it强调句型中的be动词只有时态变化，没有数的变化，不管被强调的部分是单数还是复数均用is或was。
②强调人时，that也可以换为who。如果强调地点或时间等，一律用that。
③被强调的部分如果是原句的主语，who或that后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应和原句的主语保持一致。
④强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it...that/who...？特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it...that...?
⑤not...until...结构的强调句型为：It is/was not until...that...。Who is it that he wants to see?
他究竟想看什么？
It was not until yesterday that I knew it.
直到昨天我才知道此事。
It was yesterday that I met John in the street.
是昨天我在街上碰见约翰的。
It is in this city that he was born.
他就是在这个城市出生的。
【提示】 ①辨别强调句型的方法是：若原句去掉it is/was及that仍然成立，则是强调句，否则就不是。②强调谓语动词时，要用do，does或did。3．a number of若干；许多；大量
He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages，but when nobody could put their hands on any，his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.(教材P38)
他立即问旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。
A great number of computers were bought in by the company.这家公司购进了大批量的电脑。用所给动词的适当形式填空
③A number of students in our class (come)from the countryside；the number of them (be)forty.
【答案】 come；is①get one's hands on弄到；抓到
by hand亲自；手工
at hand在手边；即将来临
in hand在手中；有关系
hand in hand手拉手；密切关联
on one hand...on the other hand一方面……另一方面
②hand down把……传递下来
hand in交上；递交
hand over移送；移交
hand out分发Soon school will end and the summer vacation will be at hand.学期快结束了，暑假即将到来。
Your remarks do not bear on the matter in hand.
你的话和目前这件事没有关系。
We shall hand out these written statements to the reporters.我们将把这些书面声明发给记者。5．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待
John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.(教材P38)
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
They treat their children very badly.
他们对待子女很不好。
She treated each of the children to an ice-cream.
她请每个孩子吃冰淇淋。treat...like/as把……当作……看待
treat sb.well/badly对待某人好/不好
treat sb./oneself to sth.用……招待/款待某人
one‘s treat请客
I decide to treat his remark as a joke.
我决定把他的话当作戏言。
【提示】 “treat sb.as...把某人看做……”与之同义的结构还有：regard sb.as...；consider sb.as...；look on sb.as...；think of sb.as...。①apply for申请；请求
apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物
apply to适用于
apply oneself to致力于；集中精力于
be applied to致力于
apply sth.to把……涂到……；把……应用到……
②applicant n．申请人
③application n．申请；申请书；适用；应用Students should apply themselves to their study.
学生们应该专心致志地学习。
Beijing residents are now able to apply for the cellphone for their school going kids.
北京居民现在能够为他们走读的孩子们申请手机。7．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.(教材P38)
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
“There is no/little doubt that...”是常用句型，意思是“毫无疑问/肯定……”，其中that引导同位语从句。There is no doubt that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.
在我们国家，年轻人近视无疑是一个严重的问题。
There is no doubt that China is a growing powerhouse.
毫无疑问中国是个日益强大的国家。There's some doubt whether...……值得怀疑
sb.have/has no doubt that...＝sb.don't/doesn't doubt that...某人相信……
sb.have/has some doubt whether...＝sb.doubt/doubts whether...某人怀疑……
out of/beyond doubt毫无疑问
without doubt无疑地There's some doubt whether the meeting will be held as planned.会议能不能按计划召开还值得怀疑。
I have no doubt that he is honest.＝I don't doubt that he is honest.我相信他是诚实的。
【提示】 当doubt用于疑问句和否定句中时用that引导从句；当用于肯定句时用whether/if引导从句。8．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.(教材P38)
这表明急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
You can also make a difference if you have a strong will and never give up.
如果你有坚强的意志，永不言弃，你也能有所作为。make no/some difference(to/in sb./sth.)
没有/有些作用/关系/影响
make all the difference(to sb./sth.)
关系重大；大不相同
tell the difference between A and B
辨别A和B的差异
make a difference between区别对待As teachers，you must believe that you can make a great deal of difference to the lives of your students.身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够极大地影响学生的一生。
It's easy to tell the difference between butter and margarine.区别黄油和人造黄油是很容易的。
It makes no difference/doesn't make any difference to me whether you come here or not.
对我来说，你来不来都无所谓。如何写说明文(关于特殊伤害的急救说明)
一、说明文在日常生活中应用广泛，主要用来描述某一事物、事由或事情的发展过程。它主要分为事物说明文和事理说明文，其形式主要包括：广告、说明书、实验报告、解说词、科普读物等。二、要写好一篇说明文，准确地传递想要传达的信息，在写作中要注意以下几点：
1．抓住说明的中心。说明对象是写作的“中心”，其他的支持信息都围绕说明中心展开。
2．突出写作的重点。在写作时要抓住写作对象的本质特征，做到“详略得当”。3．优化文章的结构。可采用“总——分”、“总——分——总”、“分——总”等结构以使文章层次分明、有条理。
4．选好说明的顺序。根据说明对象的不同灵活安排、运用时间、空间、逻辑、认识等说明顺序，力求做到解说清楚、条理分明，给人留下一目了然的印象。
5．用好说明方法。根据实际需要合理地使用类比法、例证法、因果分析法、比较法、分类法、程序法、定义法、图表法等说明方法，努力达到“简单化、直观化、生动化”的说明效果。6．体现文体特点。层次清晰，条理分明，语言简洁、准确而富有逻辑性是说明文的基本特点，不要把它与描写文、记叙文或论说文等相混淆，造成“不伦不类”的不良后果。
三、操作规程。说明文用来说明某件事如何发生、某件物品如何制作或使用。其目的是准确清楚地介绍过程中的每一步，帮助读者了解或实施该过程。如果完成该过程需要某些工具，要在文章开头就交代清楚。在介绍具体步骤时，按照时间顺序，即不同步骤发生的先后顺序把整个过程解释清楚，恰当地使用表示时间关系的词语帮助读者紧跟每一个步骤。请根据以下提示写一篇120词左右的短文，简要介绍一下对遇到心脏病等疾病突发(seizure)病人应该采取什么样的措施。
题目：First aid for seizures
急救过程的注意事项：
1．把附近的危险物体移开以免病人受到伤害；不要移动病人，除非他们处于危险中。2．把病人的头部用垫子垫起来；等病发结束后帮助病人呼吸。
3．在病人没有完全恢复之前不要给他任何吃的或喝的东西，等病人完全恢复以后再离开。
4．如果病情发作持续5分钟以上，打电话叫救护车。[思路分析]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
1．确定文章的人称和时态；
2．按照总—分—总的结构整体把握文章；
3．第二段为文章的重点，注意不要遗漏要点。【参考范文】
First aid for seizures
In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases where people suffer from heart attacks or they fall ill suddenly.So there is no doubt that we should know some knowledge of first aid. The following are some tips we can follow to help these people on urgent occasions.Firstly, remove objects from nearby to protect the person's injury.Don't try to move the person unless he is in danger. Secondly，cushion his head and aid breathing by gently placing him in the recovery position once the seizure has finished. Thirdly, don't give the person anything to eat or drink until he is fully recovered and stay with the person until recovery is complete.If the seizure continues for more than five minutes, call an ambulance immediately.
I really hope the tips above will make a difference to you.课时作业（十）课件33张PPT。8． stick to
9． protect...from...
10． make no difference
【答案】 1.in 2.ill 3.to 4.from 5.aid 6.反复7．包扎伤口 8.坚持 9.保护……免于…… 10.没有影响阅读理解之主旨大意题(一)
标题选择题
标题选择题是主旨大意题的一种，要求给文章选定一个标题，这是高考阅读理解题常考的题型之一。
文章的标题要具有概括性，要能最大程度地覆盖全文，概括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨。标题还应具备醒目性，能够吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。(2012·安徽高考·B)
[1]Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
[2]The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.To the Egyptians，green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring，while for Muslims，it means heaven.Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.In China，children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.For many nations，blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs.Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)．
[3]People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions(反应)toward them.Green is said to be the most restful color.It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically.People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches.[4]Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲)．Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant.Similarly，many commercial websites will have a red“Buy Now”button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.
[5]Blue is another calming color.Unlike red，blue can cause people to lose appetite.So if you want to eat less，some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
[6]The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room，think about the color carefully.63．Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?
A．Colors and Human Beings
B．The Cultural Meaning of Color
C．Colors and Personal Experiences
D．The Meaning and Function of Color【解析】 D。主旨大意题。全文以green，red，blue等颜色为例阐述了不同颜色的文化意义和作用。A“颜色与人类”，题目过于宽泛；B“颜色的文化意义”没有涵盖颜色的作用，文章从第三段起就主要说明颜色的作用；C“颜色和个人经历”在第二段的首句提到，但是不能涵盖全文的内容。文章第一段以问句开始，以引起读者的兴趣，接着从颜色的文化意义和颜色的作用两个方面展开说明，故答案为D项。解题时关键要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。不同体裁的文章的主题位置不同，比如从新闻报道的第一段就可以知道主题是什么。议论文多是“总—分—总”的结构，所以首尾段是关键；说明文的解题关键在主题句；记叙文要注意六个要素，即5个W(what，who，where，when，why)和一个H(how)。同时还要注意标题有时用的是省略形式，比如用分词作定语代替定语从句等。阅读理解之主旨大意题(二)
文章和段落大意题
一篇文章或一个段落都会有一个中心，而获取这一中心思想的有效方法就是确定主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文的作用，文中的所有事实、细节都是为此中心服务的。主题句的位置常在首段或结尾段。因此，在阅读中，我们要对文章的首段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的关注。有的中心思想隐含在文章中，比如有的故事类文章可能没有主题句，这需要我们对字里行间的事实、细节进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。(2012·安徽高考·D)
[1]In Asia，there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them.Although all kites have a similar structure(结构)，they are widely different in size and shape.Kite-fighting competitions are also held，in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents'(对手)kites or cut their strings(线)．[2]For more than 15 years，the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii.In its kite-making lessons，students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes！Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite.Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980.Their kites are made of nylon(尼龙)．Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.[3]The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern.The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite.Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in.Then the controls are given to the students.[4]Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.Even the simplest structure can work，and can give hours of fun.Go on, give it a try!
7．What is mainly described in the text?
A．A kite factory.
B．Kite-flying lessons.
C．Special competitions.
D．The kite-making process.【解析】 A。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了夏威夷岛上的一家风筝工厂在生产风筝的同时，一直坚持给孩子们提供制作风筝和放风筝的课程。文章的第一段起铺垫作用，重点是后文对风筝工厂的介绍。B项“放风筝的课程”，C项“特殊的比赛”，D项“风筝制作过程”，都是文中的细节，不能概括全文。第二、第三、第四段都是对the Big Wind Kite Factory进行描述的。故选A。文章及段落大意题的解题关键在于确定主题句。一般说来，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用由“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容去概括出主题句。A
The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added — a communications blackout caused by solar storms.
After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and Internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.
“The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites，” said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.
...75. Which of the following might be the BEST title of the passage?
A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer
B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger
C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race
D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled【解析】 D。标题选择题。根据第一段可知本文的话题是Solar Storms，那么该话题的控制性概念是什么呢？A项是“无形的杀手”；B项是“地球环境处于危险中”；C项是“威胁着人类”；D项是“人类活动受到干扰”。文章的主要内容是太阳风暴会影响2012年奥运的通讯系统和网络连接，这应该属于“人类活动”概念，故D项是最佳标题。B
(2012·江西高考·D)
[1]For those who make journeys across the world，the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village.Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other，allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
...71．What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
A．Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B．The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C．The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D．Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.【解析】 B。段落大意题。本段的首句就是主题句，后面通过今昔交通方式的对比说明主题“对于喜欢全世界旅游的人来说，现在的旅行速度使得在国家之间的旅行变得就像在村庄之间旅行那样快”。关键词speed，today，distance等表明B项正确，即作者在第一段是想让读者知道“现代旅行的速度使得距离相对缩短了”。综合检测(五)
(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)
Ⅰ.多项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．Only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly .
A．make clear B．make sense
C．make difference D．make a difference
【解析】 考查动词短语。此处语境指“我们才能真正地起作用”。make clear“弄清楚”；make sense“有意义，讲得通”；make a difference“有区别，有影响，起作用”。
【答案】 D
2．(2012·宜昌高二检测)She was so fat that she could only just
through the door.
A．run B．appear
C．squeeze D．gather
【解析】 句意：她身体这么胖以至于只能挤着通过门口。squeeze through挤着通过。run跑，经营；appear显得；gather聚集。
【答案】 C
3．—Don't put so much on the children.It's harmful to their health.
—OK，I won't.
A．pressure B．poison
C．bravery D．attention
【解析】 考查名词辨析。put pressure on...“给……施加压力”为固定搭配。第一句句意：别给孩子施加太多压力了，它对他们的健康有害。
【答案】 A
4．More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great
of goods.
A．variety B．mixture
C．difference D．essential
【解析】 句意：越来越多的人选择在超市购物，因为超市里提供大量的各种各样的货物/商品。a variety of各种各样的；mixture混合物；difference区别，差异；essential基本的，若原句中横线后无of，则D项也正确。
【答案】 A
5．We were in our investigation by the cooperation of the local police.
A．stopped B．aided
C．aimed D．cooperated
【解析】 句意：当地警察帮助我们作了调查。aid指“帮助，援助”。
【答案】 B
6．In that situation，a wage freeze，whether voluntary or imposed by the government，deals with a of inflation rather than with inflation itself.
A．symbol B．sign
C．signal D．symptom
【解析】 symptom“症状”。句意：那种情况下，工资冻结，无论是自动还是国家强制进行的，是对付通货膨胀这一症状的，而不是通货膨胀本身。symbol意为“象征”；sign意为“符号，记号”；signal意为“信号”。
【答案】 D
7．With the popularity of the Internet banking，it is becoming more convenient to
a business credit card for personal use online.
A．look for B．pay for
C．search for D．apply for
【解析】 look for寻找；pay for付钱买某物；search for搜寻；apply for申请。句意：随着网上银行的大受欢迎，申请一个商业信用卡作为网上个人之用正变得更加便捷起来。
【答案】 D
8．(2013·鄂州高二检测)Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had
his leg.
A．damaged B．hurt
C．hit D．struck
【解析】 句意：迈克昨天不能踢球是因为他的腿受伤了。本题考查动词词义辨析。damage破坏，损坏；hurt伤害，使……受伤；hit击中，打中；strike击打，敲打。故hurt符合句意。
【答案】 B
9．Once a decision has been made，all of us should it.
A．direct to B．stick to
C．lead to D．refer to
【解析】 direct to把(注意力、精力)贯注在……上；stick to坚持；lead to导致；refer to参考，查阅。句意：一旦做出决定，我们都应该坚持它。
【答案】 B
10．I want to have a short talk with you.Could you spare a few minutes ？
A．if necessary B．if possible
C．if so D．even if so
【解析】 句意：我想和你短谈会儿。可能的话你能抽出几分钟吗？if necessary如果有必要；if possible如果可能的话；if so假如这样；even if so即使是这样。根据句意选B。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
“Billy! It is February 25,2099，seven o'clock.Time to 11 and go to school，” said the clock-robot 12 a mental voice.Then the kitchen-robot gave him toast and eggs.Billy was 13 .While he was eating，the whole wall 14 a TV screen and Billy thought that it was great having robots to do 15 for him.Billy ate his meal watching a TV 16 .When he finished eating，the 17 gave him his clothes very fast and 18 him.Then Billy went off to school.
When Billy went outside, he saw a car with no 19 waiting for him.“Hello, I will be 20 you to school every day.Now would you please 21 your school ID card？” said the car.So Billy showed the car his school ID card and got in.The 22 began to talk to Billy about his school and his schoolwork.After that the car said, “I will 23 your homework today 24 you will have a very，very important lesson to 25 in school today.Please put your homework on the blackboard.” Billy did so.
The car checked Billy's homework and then said，“You are a(n) 26 student.All of your homework is 27 .”When they 28 the school，Billy said to the car, “Goodbye.See you later.” The car said to Billy，“Good luck in your school.”Billy got into the classroom and 29 his seat at the front of the room.Then his teacher came in and said，“Welcome，children! Today we will have a hard but 30 lesson—‘How do robots help a human being？’．..”
11．A.get up B．show up
C．take up D．dress up
【解析】 根据下文比利要去上学，可推测现在应该是起床时间。
【答案】 A
12．A.in B．on
C．with D．by
【解析】 表示“用……的声音”应用介词in。
【答案】 A
13．A.angry B．amazed
C．worried D．quick
【解析】 根据上文推断，比利应该对机器人提供的服务感到惊奇，故用amazed。
【答案】 B
14．A.changed for B．became of
C．looked like D．turned into
【解析】 用turn into表示“变成”，符合文意。
【答案】 D
15．A.something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
【解析】 考查不定代词的用法。根据上下文判断，机器人为他做了一切。
【答案】 C
16．A.show B．screen
C．set D．box
【解析】 从文章判断，比利边吃早餐，边看电视节目。a TV show的意思是“电视节目”。
【答案】 A
17．A.driver-robot B．clock-robot
C．kitchen-robot D．clothes-robot
【解析】 “给比利穿衣服”的当然是clothes-robot。
【答案】 D
18．A.dressed B．cleaned
C．pushed D．pleased
【解析】 clothes-robot所做的事情当然是帮比利穿衣服了。用dress最合适。
【答案】 A
19．A.teacher B．student
C．robot D．driver
【解析】 从后文看，这辆车是自动驾驶，没有司机。故选D项。
【答案】 D
20．A.driving B．accommodating
C．loading D．holding
【解析】 drive可以表示“开车送人”。故选A项。
【答案】 A
21．A.give B．show
C．send D．lend
【解析】 根据后句的“...showed the car his school ID card”确定为B项。
【答案】 B
22．A.teacher B．driver
C．robot D．car
【解析】 根据上下文判断应选D项。
【答案】 D
23．A.check B．prepare
C．inspect D．do
【解析】 根据下段首句中的checked确定，此处应该选A项。
【答案】 A
24．A.if B．when
C．but D．because
【解析】 此处用because引导原因状语从句。
【答案】 D
25．A.miss B．learn
C．study D．check
【解析】 此空可以从句意和搭配入手。“学习功课”应该用learn a lesson。
【答案】 B
26．A.energetic B．optimistic
C．great D．handsome
【解析】 作业都做对了，应该说是a great student。
【答案】 C
27．A.easy B．difficult
C．correct D．wrong
【解析】 用correct才能与上文相符。
【答案】 C
28．A.rushed in B．got to
C．turned to D．left off
【解析】 上文说drive you to school，此时应该是get to the school。
【答案】 B
29．A.took B．found
C．made D．kept
【解析】 take one's seat“就座”。
【答案】 A
30．A.easy B．important
C．boring D．influential
【解析】 句中but表示转折，与hard相对应，此处应该用important。
【答案】 B
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
First Aid
First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available.It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse，temperature, a clear airway (气道), and breathing.In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain.First aid must be administered as quickly as possible.In the case of the critically injured，a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill.Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do.Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example，can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的)injury and paralysis (瘫痪)．
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies.The first step is to call for professional medical help.The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid.Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness，any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble.The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手环)or card that describes special medical conditions.Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury，do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写词) ABC，which stands for：
A—Airway: Is it open and clear?
B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look，listen，and feel for breathing.
C—Circulation：Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
31．First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT .
A．saving a victim's life
B．preventing a victim's condition from getting worse
C．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury
D．relieving a victim from pain
【解析】 细节理解题。第一段中谈及了急救带来的结果和好处。
【答案】 C
32．You may assess a victim's condition by all the following EXCEPT .
A．checking whether there is a pulse
B．looking，listening and feeling for breathing
C．examining whether the airway is open and clear
D．replacing his medical bracelet or card
【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段中“The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet(手环)or card that describes special medical conditions.”可知D项错误。
【答案】 D
33．The purpose of the passage is to tell the readers .
A. some basic facts about first aid
B．the importance of protecting the accident scene
C．what professional medical help is
D．who can administer first aid
【解析】 写作意图题。对文章主旨大意的考查。本文就是要告诉我们有关急救的一些基本知识。
【答案】 A
B
Parents have problems with their children.Every mother or every father wonders about something like “Why is this so? What can and should I do about it？”Strictly, what are these things that we parents call problems with regards to our children?
To a parent, a problem is some action, habit, or attitude that he doesn't expect, or he doesn't approve of, and that he tries to change but finds that he can't.So, whether it is dawdling(游手好闲) or any other everyday behavior in children, the parent calls it a “problem”．In reality, of course, parents and child specialists don't always agree on what is or isn't a “problem”．But this disagreement doesn't make much difference to the anxious parent who feels so sure that he faces a problem.
I think common problems of young children can be grouped into four general categories: habit, management，expectation and adjustment.So, what are they really about？Four common types of problems: 1) Habit or training problems—those that have to do with establishing the fundamental habits of the children.2) Child management problems—related to managing or controlling the child，directing his self-interest, and trying to get him to live agreeably and socially with other people around him.3)Expectation problems—those that dealt with the child's learning to fulfill certain expectations.Some of these expectations arise in the parents' view of the child; some arise in the child's own thinking as he looks at the world and his place in it.4) Adjustment problems—related to the child's sense of security and his emotional adjustment.
Why do these problems arise then? Partly, they arise out of the child's growing up, out of his need to be trained to fit into a world that just wasn't designed especially to meet his wishes.Partly, it is because the parent expects certain things from the child and figures that the child isn't meeting those expectations.
But no matter what causes the problem, it is most probably true that the parent's anxiety and distress are almost sure to increase the problem.For a child is something like a mirror, his behavior reflects the parent's concern about that behavior.That's why it is so important for us to understand why the child behaves as he does.Understanding is the first step in trying to manage a “problem”．If you understand, you lose some of your anxiety.If you lose some of your anxiety, the child can relax and improve his behavior.
【语篇解读】 本文讨论了父母们在孩子成长过程中遇到的一些问题，以及该如何对待这些问题。
34．This passage was mainly written for .
A．teachers B．children
C．parents D．specialists
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段Strictly，what are these things that we parents call problems with regards to our children？可推断，答案为C。
【答案】 C
35．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Dealing with children's problems needs a calm mind.
B．Parents and child specialists differ on the definition of a problem.
C．Parents sometimes find it difficult to solve the problems of their children.
D．Children are usually anxious to solve their problems with the help of their parents.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段．..to the anxious parent who feels so sure that he faces a problem可知，着急的是父母，而不是孩子，故答案为D。
【答案】 D
36．If a mother has trouble helping her son get along well with others, it means she meets .
A．habit or training problems
B．child management problems
C．expectation problems
D．adjustment problems
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段Child management problems...trying to get him to live agreeably and socially with other people around him可知，答案为B。
【答案】 B
37．The author wrote this passage mainly to .
A. introduce some children's problems and how to solve them
B．advise readers to understand children's problems
C．offer readers some ways to deal with children'sproblems
D．tell readers how to tell different children's problems
【解析】 写作意图题。本文讨论了父母们在孩子成长过程中遇到的一些问题，包括这些问题指什么，问题的种类，以及该如何对待这些问题，故答案为A。
【答案】 A
C
From the same place that brought you the Robot Suit HAL comes the “motorized knee”．Designed by researchers at Japan's Tsukuba University, the device supports the flex(弯曲 ) of the knee, which enables a runner to use 30% less muscle power compared to running unassisted.
Coming in a kit (成套工具), the device consists of a small motor that helps flex the knee, a sensor that detects the knees' degree of flex, and a safety lever (杠杆)—all of which attach to the user's leg.The user is also forced to carry a backpack that holds a control unit and battery to power the motor.All up the device weighs around 5kg，which will probably lessen the performance benefits of wearing the device somewhat.In experiments runners wearing the device could jog at 7.5kmh, which is hardly anything special—but predictably they could do it for longer.
Curiously, the makers of the motorized knee say it isn't designed for the physically handicapped.Rather it is intended for people who want to run in a more efficient way.I can't help thinking this cuts down the potential market considerably.After all, most runners I know do it for the sake of their fitness.Wouldn't a device that is designed to do some of the work mean that someone would have to run for longer to receive the same fitness benefits?
Regardless, the research team expects to commercialize the kit within the next three years, by which time they also plan to have made the device significantly smaller and lighter.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一种安装在膝盖处以帮助人们跑步更轻松、更有效率的器械。
38．To make sure that the device runs smoothly， .
A．the user should be equipped with other related units
B．the device should be improved through experiments
C．the user shouldn't be physically handicapped
D．the device should be smaller and lighter
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段The user is also forced to carry a backpack that holds a control unit and battery to power the motor可知，答案为A。
【答案】 A
39．What is the special feature of the device according to the passage?
A．It helps its user run faster.
B．It helps save physical strength.
C．It adds more fun to running.
D．It helps its user keep a good shape.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段．..which enables a runner to use 30% less muscle power...和第二段In experiments runners...but predictably they could do it for longer可推断，答案为B。
【答案】 B
40．Which of the following aspects of the device is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Its advantages. B．Its components.
C．Its weight. D．Its price.
【解析】 细节理解题。本文提到了这种器械的优点、组成零件和重量，但没有提到价格，故答案为D。
【答案】 D
41．In which column of a newspaper would this passage be found?
A．Science. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Business.
【解析】 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技产品，最有可能出现在科学类栏目中，故答案为A。
【答案】 A
D
The effect of alcohol is apparent in almost every aspect of our society.We can see it in grocery stores, at restaurants，in professional sports and on TV.Americans drink 432 million gallons of liquor (烈性酒), 711 million gallons of wine and 6 billion gallons of beer every year.Some argue that it's wrong to drink at all, and others consider appropriate drinking is acceptable.I believe complete abstinence(禁酒) is the highest and best way.
Alcohol's negative effect is overwhelming.Alcohol abuse costs the country $175.9 billion each year.Every day there is a report of a robbery, murder or case of abuse caused by alcohol.The range of the damage that alcohol brings is not limited to drinkers.Family members and friends are also affected.Perhaps you know someone close to you who is addicted.
An amazing fact about alcohol use is that parents have a great influence on the drinking habits of their children.The US Department of Health and Human Services has stated that parents' drinking behavior and favorable attitudes about drinking have been positively associated with adolescents' starting and continuing drinking.Two out of three teenagers asked in an American Medical Association admitted that it was easy to obtain alcohol from their homes without their parents' knowledge.When weighed against the possibility of a teenager becoming dependent on alcohol, is even the temporary pleasure of drinking worth the risk?
Alcohol also harms our bodies.The human brain and body are very sensitive to the presence of alcohol.Also，drink-driving is another serious area of concern.There is a drink-driving death every 31 minutes in the United States, and alcohol is a cause in almost 40 percent of accidents resulting in a death.
How can alcohol pull a person down so quickly? The answer is found in its chemical composition.It produces certain chemical reactions in the brain that make drinkers have feelings of well being.This feeling is so powerful that it overcomes a person's determination to remain appropriate drinkers and leads to their final ruin.
We should avoid alcohol.Some may ask, “What's wrong with a little alcohol？” But I think that's the wrong question.Instead, I encourage you to ask, “What's right with it？” Not only does it damage one's health, but it also hurts many others.Should we support an industry that has led to the ruin of millions?
【语篇解读】 本文论述了酗酒的危害，告诫人们为了自己也为了别人，不要酗酒。
42．What's the author's opinion about drinking alcohol?
A．People can drink a little alcohol if they want to.
B．People shouldn't drink any alcohol because of its effects.
C．People can drink alcohol as much as they want.
D．Whether people can drink alcohol or not is related to their spirits.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段I believe complete abstinence is the highest and best way可知，答案为B。
【答案】 B
43．The underlined word “overwhelming” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”．
A．confusing B．powerful
C．surprising D．uncontrollable
【解析】 词义猜测题。本句后的内容都是关于酗酒对国家和社会的危害的，由此可知，它的负作用是很大的，故答案为B。
【答案】 B
44．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Some people don't agree with the author's opinion about drinking alcohol.
B．The alcohol industry will develop faster in the future.
C．The government hasn't given enough support to the alcohol industry.
D．More and more people have given up drinking now.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据末段Some may ask，“What's wrong with a little alcohol？”But I think that's the wrong question可推断，答案为A。
【答案】 A
45．What's the BEST title for the passage?
A．Alcohol: an uncontrollable desire
B．Temporary pleasure, lifetime effects
C．A little alcohol: wrong or right?
D．To drink or not to drink?
【解析】 主旨大意题。文章开头指出酒很受人们青睐，然后引出作者的观点，接着论述了酗酒的危害，最后作者告诫人们应该远离酒精，故答案为D。
【答案】 D
E
(2013·咸宁市高三二模)Having good etiquette(礼节) at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office.However，it's observed that many people aren't aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office.So it's important to know some workplace etiquette tips.
Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines，the most important is to be punctual to your office.Though going late due to an emergency is okay，habitual late comers are never appreciated in any organization.By arriving at your office on time，you show that you're aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.In case you feel that you would be late，call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her.
Also，a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must.In the official emails，you need to mention the subject concisely(简洁地)，while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared，You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails.
A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well.While talking on the telephone，be polite and listen to what they're saying carefully.Only then should you say what you feel.Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.
The workplace guidelines are important even while you're dining or celebrating with your co-workers.If you get a call in between，receive it after you're permitted by the others by saying “excuse me”．Don't talk loudly while eating.Greet people well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company.
These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company.All the best!
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍一些工作中需要注意的礼节。
46．The intended readers of the passage are .
A．managers in charge of a company
B．students of a business class
C．people who are out of work
D．general readers
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章首尾段可推断不管是任何人，只要是参加了工作，就有必要掌握一些工作上的礼节，即文章针对大众读者而写，故选D项。
【答案】 D
47．Why should you try to be punctual?
A．To prove you are not a habitual late comer.
B．To respect the rules of the organization.
C．To show that you are a responsible worker.
D．To win other workers' respect.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段“you show that you're aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.”可判断，上班准时可显示出你的责任感，故选C项。
【答案】 C
48．How should you write an official email?
A．Write the subject clearly and simply.
B．Include all the details in the email.
C．Make the language as beautiful as possible.
D．Make emails as brief as possible.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the official e-mails，you need to mention the subject concisely(简练)．”可判断选A项。
【答案】 A
49．Which of the following is considered NOT acceptable about making phone calls?
A．Using polite languages.
B．Listening with patience and care.
C．Speaking clearly.
D．Answering a call in a loud voice.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.”可知打电话时不需太大声，对方能清楚地听到则可，故选D项。
【答案】 D
50．In the writer's opinion，workplace etiquette .
A．is easy to master
B．is considered important by all employees
C．can be helpful in doing your work well
D．will bring you good luck and good salaries
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company”可判断，工作礼节有助于做好工作，故选C项。
【答案】 C
Ⅳ.完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
51．Unluckily，she on the day of the examination.(fall)
不幸的是，考试当天她生病了。
52． is a temporary form of help given to someone who gets injured suddenly.(aid)
急救是一种给突然受伤的人的帮助。
53．Please make your room tidy and .(place)
请保持你房间的整洁和井然有序。
54．I have read books in my spare time.(number)
我在业余时间里读了很多书。
55．I needed my keys badly but I them at that moment yesterday.(hand)
我非常需要我的钥匙，但是昨天那时我没找到。
56．Having a good teacher for me.(difference)
遇到一位好老师对我影响很大。
57．Try a bit more water out of the tube.(squeeze)
尽力从管子里多挤出一点水来。
58．The prisoners by their guards.(treat)
警卫对待俘虏很友好。
59．New technology almost every industrial process.(apply)
新科技正被应用到几乎所有的工业进程中。
60． that he will come here.(doubt)
毫无疑问，他将来这里。
【答案】 51.fell ill 52.First aid 53.put everything in place 54.a number of 55.couldn't put my hands on 56.has made all the difference 57.to squeeze 58.are well treated 59.is being applied to 60.There is no doubt
Ⅴ.短文写作(满分30分)
假设你叫李华，你的网友汤姆最近给你发了一封电子邮件，向你咨询如何在火灾中逃生自救。现请你根据开头提示内容给他回一封100词左右的邮件，需要包括以下注意事项：
1．了解和熟悉环境(如安全出口、灭火器?fire extinguisher?的位置)；
2．保持镇定；
3．保护呼吸系统(respiratory system)，防止窒息(suffocate)。
已给出的开头和结尾不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing？I have received your mail and learnt that you want to gain some knowledge on how to flee from a fire.Having referred to many websites and books，I'm glad to give you the following tips that may help you.
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
How are you doing？I have received your mail and learnt that you want to gain some knowledge on how to flee from a fire.Having referred to many websites and books，I'm glad to give you the following tips that may help you.
First，get familiar with the surroundings the moment you reach a public place.Please watch out for the exits and the position of the fire extinguishers in case of an unexpected fire.
Second，please keep calm.It is quite important for you to make wise decisions in an emergency.
Third，protect your respiratory system.At that moment，you should hold your nose with a wet towel，or a piece of wet cloth，otherwise you may risk getting poisoned or suffocated.
Yours，
Li Hua
