综合检测(四)
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
(满分：120分；时间：100分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
1．Recently a kind of industrial glue which is________to people's health has been found in some medicine.
A．harmful B．harmless
C．good D．friendly
2．Seeing the bad results of the exams，she was rather frustrated and felt________about her future.
A．surprising B．puzzling
C．puzzled D．surprised
3．When Yao Ming was present at the airport，all the people waiting there________.
A．brought up B．grew up
C．cheered up D．turned up
4．—Do you believe that God really________？
—Sorry，I've never thought about it.
A．has B．remains
C．stays D．exists
5．Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give off oxygen________.
A．in case B．in turn
C．in return D．in addition
6．________his parents，he was more concentrated on his own future than his duty.
A．Not like B．Unlike
C．Dislike D．Alike
7．—Are you finishing the task?
—________.We need at least three hours.
A．Far from it B．Exactly
C．Not a little D．No wonder
8．I was still living in London when the war________.
A．broke down B．broke out
C．broke into D．broke off
9．________you are alone at home，why don't you go with us to the party?
A．Even though B．As though
C．So that D．Now that
10．The water shortage is serious in some countries，and the________solution，I think，is that we should improve water use efficiency，save water and prevent water pollution.
A．direct B．gradual
C．fundamental D．universal
11．As________astronomer，how I wish I could have a chance to make a trip into________space.
A．a；the B．an；/
C．/；/ D．an；the
12．Sanya is a perfect place for you to spend your holiday.The blue sea，soft sand and________wind will make you completely relaxed.
A．peaceful B．high
C．weak D．gentle
13．________we develop our economy shouldn't be at the cost of destroying our environment.
A．That B．What
C．Which D．How
14．Americans eat________as they actually need every day.
A．twice as much protein
B．twice protein as many
C．twice protein as much
D．protein as twice much
15．—Do you feel like going on picnic this weekend?
—________.I was thinking about how to relax myself.
A．I believe not B．Not really
C．I couldn't agree more D．What a pity
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
During World Space Week(October 4～10)，you may learn about some of the space's myths. One is: “The Great Wall of China is the only man-made object__16__from space with the naked eye.”
You might be__17__of this claim, but it's not true. In fact, astronauts say that the Great Wall is just one of many man-made__18__can be seen from space. From an orbit 217 kilometres__19__the earth，it is__20__to see highways，airports，bridges, dams and even large__21__.
Cities can even be seen clearly from the International Space Station ( ISS, 国际空间站)，__22__circles about 400 kilometres above the planet. “You can see the__23__pyramids from space with a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜). They are a little difficult to__24__with just your eyes，” said Ed Lu, a US astronaut__25__the ISS.
“With binoculars you can also see roads, harbours and even very large__26__in the ocean. From the moon, astronauts cannot__27__any man-made features on earth and the continents are very hard__28__. On Mars，the earth would appear to the naked eye as__29__but a bright ‘star’．”__30__what about the Great Wall? “You can see the Great Wall from space，”Lu said. “But it's a lot__31__than a lot of other objects. You can only see it in radar images，__32__in ordinary photographs.”
No one knows who__33__the Great Wall story. The earliest reference to it comes in a book by a US writer Richard Halliburton，published in 1938. He wrote，“Astronomers say that the Great Wall is the only man-made thing on our planet visible to the human eye from the moon.”
Halliburton's books__34__quite well during the first half of the 20th century. So，if he didn't__35__the story himself，he certainly spread it widely.
16．A.invisible B．visible
C．acceptable D．unacceptable
17．A.proud B．thankful
C．strange D．surprised
18．A.object that B．objects
C．object D．objects that
19．A.on B．under
C．across D．above
20．A.possible B．suitable
C．unlikely D．interesting
21．A.animals B．insects
C．vehicles D．birds
22．A.that B．which
C．where D．whose
23．A.Egyptian B．European
C．Chinese D．American
24．A.find out B．pick out
C．pick up D．take up
25．A.board B．abroad
C．broad D．aboard
26．A.ships B．houses
C．fish D．seashell
27．A.break out B．make out
C．take out D．hand out
28．A.to be seen B．to look
C．to be looked D．to see
29．A.something B．nothing
C．everything D．anything
30．A.But B．And
C．So D．However
31．A.more clear B．clearer
C．less clear D．much clear
32．A.seldom B．nor
C．hardly D．not
33．A.first told B．firstly told
C．first spoke D．first said
34．A.were sold B．are sold
C．sold D．sell
35．A.make B．make up
C．make up of D．make out
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星) in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent into a safer, colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr.Laughlin，and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet of asteroid(小行星) so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth's orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun, ”Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth，and the process would be repeated.
In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming，although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so“seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)—by cooking us.
That's why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation(误算) in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly results.
There is also the question of the Moon. As the scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is“most likely that the Moon would be stripped away from Earth，” it states. This would change our planet's climate.
36．If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of________years.
A．12 billion B．6 billion
C．18 billion D．24 billion
37．What makes the scientists plan to save Earth?
A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.
B．Earth's working life is coming to an end soon.
C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.
D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.
38．What does the underlined word “compromise” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Provide B．Benefit
C．Share D．Endanger
39．Which of the following best shows how the plan would work?
B
Of all the planets, none has captured the world's imagination like Mars. Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Well's The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's Mars Day offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites(陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said, “It's actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown.” Emma is six. She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars. She said, “The closest thing to Mars—the stuff—is from volcanoes mostly.”
Mars Day offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
40．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Why Martians were considered threatening.
B．Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C．What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D．How H. G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
41．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that________.
A．today's space scientists still know nothing about
Mars
B．today's space scientists are very interested in
Mars
C．science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D．space scientists haven't made any progress, in knowing Mars
42．Sam would probably agree that________.
A．Mars is not really red
B．no meteorites have come from Mars
C．Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D．the ancient description of Mars' color is true
C
(2013·广东高考改编)Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I'm not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don't come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that,_in order to get really good at something，one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it'll require even more time，time that most people won't put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It's sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge chance that you're wrong anyway.
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you're not willing to put in the time and work, don't expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won't guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
43．Paragraph 1 mainly talks about________.
A．the reasons for success
B．the meaning of success
C．the standards of success
D．the importance of success
44．In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to________.
A．being good at something
B．setting a practical goal
C．putting in more time
D．succeeding in life
45．Successful people suggest doing what one loves because________.
A．work makes one feel pain
B．one tends to enjoy his work
C．one gives up his work easily
D．it takes a lot of time to succeed
46．What is the main theme of the passage?
A．Having a goal is vital to success.
B．Being good is different from being great.
C．One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D．Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.
D
I was in my third year of teaching creative writing at a high school in New York，when one of my students,15-year-old Mikey，gave me a note from his mother.It explained his absence from class the day before.
I had seen Mikey himself writing the note at his desk.Most parental-excuse notes I received were penned by my students.If I were to deal with them，I'd be busy 24 hours a day.
The forged excuse notes made a large pile，with writing that ranged from imaginative to crazy.The writers of these notes didn't realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull：“Peter was late because the alarm clock didn't go off.”
Isn't it remarkable，I thought，how the students complained and said it was hard putting 200 words together on any subjects？But when they produced excuse notes，they were brilliant.
So one day I typed out a dozen excuse notes and gave them to my classes. I said，“They're supposed to be written by parents but actually they are not.True.Mikey？”The students looked at me nervously.
“Now，this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note—the first class，ever，to practice writing them.You're so lucky to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a subject worthy of study.”
Everyone smiled as I went on.“You used your imaginations. So try more now.Today I'd like you to write ‘An Excuse Note from Adam to God’ or ‘An Excuse Note from Eve to God’．”Heads went down.Pens raced across paper.For the first time ever I saw students so careful in their writing that they had to be asked to go to lunch by their friends.
The next day everyone had excuse notes.Heated discussions followed.The headmaster entered the classroom and walked up and down looking at papers，and then said，“I'd like you to see me in my office.”
When I stepped into his office，he came to shake my hand and said，“I just want to tell you that that lesson，that task whatever the hell you were doing，was great.Those kids were writing on the college level.Thank you.”
47．What did the author do with the students found dishonest?
A．He reported them to the headmaster.
B．He lectured them hard on honesty.
C．He had them take notes before lunch.
D．He helped improve their writing skills.
48．The author found that compared with the true excuse notes the produced ones by the students were usually________.
A．less impressive B．more imaginative
C．worse written D．less convincing
49．The author had the students practice writing excuse notes so that the students could learn________.
A．the importance of being honest
B．how to write excuse notes skillfully
C．the pleasure of creative writing
D．how to be creative in writing
50．What did the headmaster think of the author's way of teaching?
A．Effective. B．Difficult.
C．Misleading. D．Reasonable.
Ⅳ.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
(2013·衡水中学高一下学期第一次调研考试)
Improve your memory
Some people often complain about their poor memory. Actually there are several ways to keep your memory sharp. This article will show you some simple tips.
51 When you say these things, you begin to plant the thought in your mind and it may become true. Tell yourself you can remember anything as long as you put your mind to the task. You will see an improvement in your memory.
52 If you have trouble remembering phone numbers or other blocks of numbers, it can be really helpful to try this method. If you remember them in smaller groups, like two or three digits(数字), it will also be much easier to remember the number.
Be sure to see a doctor if you really are losing your memory. A poor memory can be a sign that you are in low spirits. 53
Playing games also helps improve your memory. Any type of games that involves(涉及) remembering things is wonderful. 54 Try and remember it when you have nothing better to do. A useful tip for anyone interested in games is to often work on solving word puzzles and similar types of games. 55 Not only will your memory probably improve, you will also have a great deal of fun.
A．Take a right attitude.
B．Remember numbers in small groups.
C．Stop telling yourself you have a weak memory.
D．If you don't know your condition, you cannot treat it!
E．If you don't like games, you can go over a list of “to do things”．
F．If so, treating it could be the key to getting your memory back.
G．Such games use the same skills needed to remember facts and help keep the mind sharp.
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
Dear Mr. Li，
I'm very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning. I got up early as usually in the morning, but when I was ready to leave I find my bicycle's front tyre(轮胎)flat. I wanted to take bus or taxi to school, and I didn't have any money with me. I had to look for a place along the street to get my bicycle repairing. Unluckily, there were not any bicycle repair shops were open in the early morning. So I had to walk to school, carrying my bicycle all the way. That's how I was late for school.
Please don't worry with my lessons, Mr. Li. I will make up for it and turn to teachers for help if necessary.
Yours，
Wang Hui
Ⅵ.书面表达(满分25分)
假如国际共青团为了提高中学生对太空科学的热爱，准备组织一个太空爱好者的夏令营活动，成员们可以相互交流，并允许去一个发射塔(launching tower)参观。假如你是李华，对此非常感兴趣，请你用英语写一封申请信。
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综合检测(四)
1．A 句意：最近一些药物中发现了一种对人体有害的工业用胶。be harmful to对……有害。
2．C 句意：看着这糟糕的考试成绩，她相当泄气，对未来感到迷茫。surprising令人吃惊的；puzzling令人迷惑的；puzzled迷惑的，迷惘的；surprised吃惊的。feel puzzled about对……感到迷惑/迷惘。
3．C 句意为“当姚明出现在机场的时候，等在那里的人们都欢呼起来”。bring up“养育，抚养”；grow up“长大”；cheer up“使振奋(兴奋)，欢呼”；turn up“出现”。由句意可知，答案为C项。
4．D 从语境可知，问句要表达的意思是“你相信上帝真的存在吗？”exist意为“存在”。has作为实义动词，意为“有”，为及物动词，后须跟宾语；stay与remain作为不及物动词，分别意为“停留”和“剩余”。
5．B 句意：有些植物吸入我们呼出的二氧化碳，反过来，释放出氧气。in case万一；in turn依次，反过来；in return作为回报；in addition另外。
6．B 句意为“跟他父母不同的是，他关心自己的前途多，而关心自己的责任少”。unlike“不像，不同”；dislike“不喜欢”；alike“相像的”。
7．A 句意：“你们快要完成任务了吗？”“远远没有。我们至少需要三个小时。”根据答语中的信息可知，任务还没有完成，故用far from it“远不，远非”。exactly“正好，确切地”；not a little“非常”；no wonder“难怪”。
8．B break out指战争、火灾爆发。
9．D 句意：既然你独自在家，为什么不和我们一起去参加宴会呢？even though“即使”；as though“似乎，好像”；so that“以便，因此”；now that“既然”。
10．C 句意：一些国家缺水严重。我认为最根本的解决方法是：我们应该提高水的使用效率、节约用水、防止水污染。fundamental根本的，基本的；direct直接的；gradual逐渐的；universal全体的，广泛的，普遍的。
11．B astronomer“天文学家”，可数名词，前面应该用an，space“太空”，不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词。故答案为B项。
12．D 句意：三亚是你度假的理想之地，蓝蓝的大海、软软的沙滩、柔和的微风会使你得到彻底的放松。gentle柔和的，和缓的，温和的。
13．A 句意为“发展经济不应以破坏环境为代价”。that在此引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起引导作用，但不可以省略。
14．A 句意为“美国人每天摄入的蛋白质是他们实际所需要的两倍”。此处考查twice as＋much＋n.＋as...。
15．C 句意：“本周末你想去野餐吗？”“我非常同意，我正想着怎样放松一下呢。”I couldn't agree more.“我很赞同。”
16．B 形容词(短语)作后置定语，如用定语从句，则用关系代词引导。再从意义上判断应为“看得到的”。
17．A 从意义上判断应为“你可能会对这种说法感到自豪”。考查词组be proud of。
18．D 前面有one of，后面的名词应用复数形式。其后又有一个定语从句，that在从句中作主语。
19．D 指离地面的垂直距离。
20．A 从意义上判断应为“……是可能的”。
21．C 从逻辑上判断应为“甚至能看到大型的交通工具”。
22．B 此处关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。
23．A 从常识来判断应为“埃及的金字塔”。
24．B pick out为“辨认出”。
25．D aboard意为“在船(飞机、车等)上”。
26．A 此题按逻辑推理来判断，应为“海洋里的大型船只”。
27．B make out意为“看出来，辨认出”。
28．D 在句型“sth.＋be＋adj.＋不定式”中形容词为hard，good，bad，difficult等时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
29．B nothing but意为“仅仅是……，只有”，相当于only。
30．C 此句有转换话题之意，意为“长城又是怎么样呢？”
31．C 从意义和结构上分析，有“更不清晰”之意，用a lot表示程度。
32．D 从意义上判断应为“不像在普通的照片中看到的(那么清晰)”。
33．A first“最先，最初”；firstly“第一，首先”(列举条目时用)。另外要注意与story搭配的动词应用tell。
34．C sell well“销路广(好)”，不用被动语态。应注意时态。
35．B make up意为“捏造，编造”。
36．A 细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句话可知，科学家可以使地球增加60亿年的寿命，使其工作寿命加倍，即为120亿年。
37．C 推理判断题。根据文章第六、七段可知：因为太阳的原因，地球将逐渐变热以至于不适宜于人类居住，这是科学家计划拯救地球的原因。
38．D 词义理解题。大约10亿年以后阳光肯定会更炙热，从而严重损害地球生态环境——把人类烤为灰烬！compromise意为“危及”，与D项endanger意思相近。
39．A 读图理解题。从文章中的叙述可知，图A最佳解释了这项计划的工作原理。
40．C 主旨大意题。通读第二段，可知主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选C。
41．B 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today，Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.”以及后一句“Space scientists have collected a wealth of information...”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
42．A 推理判断题。根据第四段的“He said，‘It's actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown，’”可知Sam认为火星并不是红色的，而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色，故选A。
【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符合实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但是你为之付出的(领域)一定会成为你的优势所在。
43．A 主旨大意题。第一段主要分析了成功的原因，有人认为是天赋、出身或者运气，但是作者并不完全认同，认为这只是生活的现实而已。故A项正确。B项意为“成功的意义”；C项意为“成功的标准”；D项意为“成功的重要性”，均与第一段不相关。
44．B 词义猜测题。根据上句．..to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.可知，that代指“设定一个符合实际的目标”。
45．D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，成功需要付出大部分人不愿付出的时间来学习和练习，这就是成功人士建议一个人要从事他所喜欢的事情的原因，故D项“成功需要很多时间”正确。A项和C项描述的情况只能在一个人不喜欢的前提下发生，故排除。B项意为“人们往往喜欢自己的工作”，文章中无从得知。
46．C 主旨大意题。概括全文可知，文章主要指出成功的关键不是靠天赋、出身或运气，没有大量的时间和练习，一个人是不会取得成功的。文章虽然提到，要取得成功首先要设定一个符合实际的目标，但没说这是“至关重要的(vital)”，这并非文章的主题；文章也并非主要比较being good与being great的不同，故排除B项；D项与文章内容相反。
47．D 细节理解题。根据第五段首句“So one day I typed out a dozen excuse notes and gave them to my classes.”和第六段首句“Now，this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note—the first class，ever，to practice writing them.”可知，作者这样做的目的是要帮助学生提高写作水平。故D为正确答案。
48．B 推理判断题。从第四段“But when they produced excuse notes，they were brilliant.”可知答案。
49．D 细节理解题。文中的第一段提到了作者在一所高中教creative writing和后面第七段中提到的“You used your imaginations.So try more now.”可知答案。
50．A 推理判断题。通过最后一段首句“I just want to...whatever the hell you were doing，was great.Those kids were writing on the college level.”可知，校长认为作者教的这堂课很棒，学生们的作文都达到了大学水平，由此可知他认为作者教学方法很有效。故A为正确答案。
51－55 CBFEG
短文改错
第一句：lesson→lessons 第二句：usually→usual，find→found 第三句：take后加a，and→but 第四句：repairing→repaired 第五句：shops后加that/which或去掉were 第七句：how→why 第八句：with→about/over 第九句：it→them
【参考范文】
Dear Sir，
I was so excited to hear the news that you are going to organize a summer camp for space lovers. I am writing to let you know that I would like to become a member of it very much. I am a middle school student in China. I am very curious about the mysteries of space. I have had a hobby of collecting various pictures of starry nights since primary school. I can also speak and understand simple English well, and I would like to communicate with children from other countries. I would like to share my knowledge of space with them, and learn more from them. I am also very interested in visiting the launching tower. I know it will be very interesting and rewarding. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours，
Li Hua
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
课时作业(七) Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In old times people had a________(理论) that the world was flat.
2．They have almost spent as much as one________(十亿) dollars on this project.
3．Because of the________(猛烈的) natural disaster, a lot of people have lost their lives.
4．People suffering hunger still________(存在) in many parts of the world today.
5．Smoking is________(有害的) to health, but there are still many people picking it up.
6．Some people are still________(迷惑的) about how the computer works.
7．________(不像) what you supposed, only few people attended his birthday party.
8．Man can't live without water and________(氧气)．
9．The sun looks like an orange________(球)．
10．A family-friendly________(气氛) in this hotel makes travelers comfortable.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The transformation of our city will make________for people here to have a comfortable environment.
A．no possibility B．there was possibility
C．impossible D．it possible
2．The festival of this year has been a great success，________the year before when it rained non-stop.
A．like B．unlike
C．alike D．dislike
3．(2013·酒泉高一质检)We usually take turns________cleaning，and today it is my turn________it.
A．to do；doing B．do；do
C．done；doing D．to do；to do
4．In this skit(滑稽短剧) the main character says that his cock has just________an egg.
A．put B．laid
C．lain D．lied
5．You'd better stop alcohol abuse，for it will________the risk of blood disease.
A．multiply B．occupy
C．take D．achieve
6．We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to________many of the disasters________.
A．keep；happening
B．prevent；from happening
C．stop；from being happened
D．prevent；from being happened
7．Facing the________situation，the sales manager looked________.
A．puzzling；puzzled B．puzzling；puzzling
C．puzzled；puzzling D．puzzled；puzzled
8．Watching too much television can be________to children，both mentally and physically.
A．peaceful B．harmful
C．wonderful D．careful
9．The custom of arranged marriages still________in many countries.
A．exists B．appears
C．lives D．lies
10．Progress so far has been very good.________，we're sure that the project will be completed on time.
A．However B．Otherwise
C．Thus D．Besides
11．The woman________birth to twins last year turned out to be a film star.
A．to give B．who gave
C．given D．being given
12．They made a________air attack on that country.
A．firm B．violent
C．painful D．huge
13．If we set off now，we are________to catch the first train to Beijing.
A．at times B．in time
C．at a time D．at one time
14．As we all know，clothes，food，housing and traffic are________to our human beings.
A．unlike B．gentle
C．fundamental D．genuine
15．There were________many people there________I wasn't able to pick her out.
A．such；that B．very；that
C．such；who D．so；that
Ⅲ.完形填空
Scientific research has a great influence on our society.__1__the one hand，we__2__to provide the research work a free__3__.While on the other hand，we are afraid that some of the research will be__4__to our society.Thus，there should be a balance__5__the government whether or not to__6__scientific research and development.
__7__the scientific research is a job__8__，it is hard for the government even the public to decide whether or not a research is__9__.But the scientific research，__10__something else，can't go without creativity.__11__，as we all know，should not be limited.If we__12__，we will find__13__far-reaching research work came from free thinking，of which the__14__ideas may seem fantastic at the beginning.Take Einstein__15__example.He__16__the Theory of Relativity.His raw idea of the__17__was considered meaningless by the public.No one at that time was able to__18__that this fantastic idea would lead to a__19__revolution for Physics.__20__，free thinking without limit can encourage creativity to some extent(从某种程度上)．This is of great importance to the scientific research.
1．A.On B．In
C．At D．With
2．A.advised B．are advised
C．advise D．advising
3．A.space B．room
C．atmosphere D．discussion
4．A.good B．harmful
C．benefit D．harm
5．A.on B．in
C．for D．with
6．A.limit B．improve
C．block D．puzzle
7．A.For B．When
C．Now that D．As soon as
8．A.in advance B．in an advance
C．in the advance D．in advances
9．A.value B．valuable
C．helpless D．useless
10．A.as B．as for
C．like D．unlike
11．A.Create B．Creativity
C．Creative D．Creator
12．A.look back B．look out
C．look into D．look after
13．A.a good many B．a great deal of
C．a good few D．a good little
14．A.wonderful B．great
C．terrible D．raw
15．A.in B．for
C．at D．from
16．A.keep up with B．catch up with
C．put up with D．came up with
17．A.theory B．suggestion
C．thinking D．advice
18．A.tell B．say
C．speak D．read
19．A.bad B．rude
C．global D．terrible
20．A.Thus B．However
C．And D．But
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However，Halley had a friend named Newton，who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem，but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆)．
Now Halley set to work.He figured out(解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley.The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets，as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea！Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what comet would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it，for he had died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet，in his honor.
1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of________.
A．some different comets appearing several times
B．the same comet appearing at different times
C．three different comets appearing three times
D．several comets appearing at the same time
2．Halley made a surprising，but correct prediction in the year________.
A．1704 B．1705 C．1706 D．1707
3．This passage in general is about________.
A．Halley and other scientists
B．the orbit of a comet
C．Newton and Halley
D．Halley and his discovery
4．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C．Newton was a famous mathematician.
D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of an around.
Ⅴ.翻译句子
1．很久以前在地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。(exist)
______________________________________________________________
2．现在轮到她为我们表演了。(turn)
______________________________________________________________
3．没有人知道这个风俗是何时开始存在的。(existence)
______________________________________________________________
4．他讲英语如此清楚以至于总是能被理解。(so...that...)
______________________________________________________________
5．他让大家明白开这个会是必要的。(it)
______________________________________________________________
课时作业(七)
Ⅰ.1.theory 2.billion 3.violent 4.exist
5．harmful 6.puzzled 7.Unlike 8.oxygen
9．globe 10.atmosphere
Ⅱ.1.D 句意：城市改造将使得这里的人们有一个舒适的环境。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式的复合结构。
2．B 句意：今年这个节日过得很成功，不像前年过节时，雨下个不停。根据题干，此处需用介词，故排除C、D两项。unlike意为“不同；不像”，符合题意。like“相像的；类似的”。
3．D 第一空为take turns to do sth.“轮流干某事”；第二空为It is one's turn to do sth.“轮到某人干某事”，故选D项。
4．B 句意：在这部滑稽短剧中，主角说他的公鸡刚刚下了一枚蛋。lay eggs产卵，下蛋，lay的过去式、过去分词分别laid，laid；lie(躺)的过去式、过去分词为lay，lain；lie(说谎)的过去式、过去分词为lied，lied。由句意可知答案为B。
5．A 句意：你最好停止酗酒，因为它会增加患血液疾病的风险。multiply增加；occupy占据；take拿；achieve取得。结合句意，A项最佳。
6．B 句意：我们建议他们提供有效的预警系统来阻止很多灾难的发生。prevent...from doing...“阻止……做……”；keep...doing...“使……一直做……”；happen“发生”，无被动语态。故B项正确。
7．A 句意：面临着令人困惑的局势，销售部经理看起来迷惑不解。第一空形容situation的特点，用puzzling；表示人困惑时，用puzzled。
8．B 句意：看太多电视对孩子们的身心都有害。be harmful to“对……有害”，为固定短语。peaceful“和平的；宁静的”；wonderful“极棒的”；careful“小心的；仔细的”。
9．A 根据语意应该是风俗的存在，只有A项exist表示“存在”，appear表示“出现”，live表示“居住”，lie表示“坐落于，某处有某物”。
10．C 句意：到目前为止进展顺利。因此，我们确信工程会准时完成。however然而；otherwise否则，不然的话；thus因此/而；besides而且。
11．B give birth to为固定搭配，意为“生产，生下”。仔细分析句子结构可知“________birth to twins last year”是定语，修饰the woman。woman与give之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除C、D两项。A项表示未发生的动作，与last year不符，故只能选B。
12．B 句意为“他们对那个国家进行了猛烈的空袭”。firm“坚固的”；violent“猛烈的”；painful“疼痛的”；huge“巨大的”。由句意可知，B项正确。
13．B 句意为“如果我们现在动身，就能及时赶上去北京的第一班火车”。in time“及时”；at times“有时”；at a time“每次”；at one time“曾经，一度”。
14．C 句意为“众所周知，衣、食、住、行是人类的基础”。fundamental“基本的，基础的”，符合句意。unlike“不同，不像”；gentle“温和的，温柔的”；genuine“真的，真诚的”。
15．D 第一空后有many，应用so修饰；从句中不缺少主语、宾语等，因此该从句不是定语从句，而是结果状语从句，因此第二个空应选择that。
Ⅲ.1.A 由下文的on the other hand可知，此处应为on the one hand“一方面”，为固定搭配。
2．B advise后不能直接跟不定式。根据句意此处需用被动语态。
3．C 句意“建议人们给研究工作提供一种自由的氛围”。space和room表示“空间”时，均为不可数名词，其前不能使用不定冠词a。discussion“讨论”，不符合句意。
4．B 根据on the other hand与前面构成的相反的关系，可知harmful符合句意。be harmful to意为“对……有害”。
5．C 这样，对政府来说是否限制科学研究和发展应该有个平衡。for此处意为“对于……来说”。
6．A 根据这句话中的balance可以推断出选A项。improve“改进”；block“封锁，阻碍，堵住”；puzzle“(使)迷惑，(使)为难”。
7．C now that意为“既然”，其引导的句子与后一句话成因果关系。for意为“由于”，也可引导表示原因的分句，但常放在主句的后面，且有逗号将其与主句隔开。
8．A 既然科学研究是一项可预先做的工作。in advance“预先，事先”，固定短语。
9．B 对政府甚至是公众来说很难确定一项研究是否是有价值的。根据句意可知选B项。
10．D 但是科学研究不像其他事情，没有创造是行不通的。根据句意可知选D项。
11．B 承前，众所周知，创造性是不应被限制的。creativity“创造”，为名词。create为动词，意为“创造”；creative为形容词，意为“有创造力的”；creator为表示人的名词，意为“创建者，创作者”。
12．A 如果回顾过去，我们将发现许多深远的研究工作都来自自由地思考。look back“回想，记起”。look out“注意”；look into“调查”；look after“照顾”。
13．B a good many和a great deal of都意为“很多”，前者接可数名词复数，后者接不可数名词。其他两个词组搭配不正确。
14．D 由下文的“His raw idea...meaningless...”可知选D项。
15．B 举爱因斯坦为例。take...for example“举……为例”，为固定短语。
16．D 他提出了相对论。come up with“提出”。keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“赶上”；put up with“忍受，容忍”。
17．A 承接前面句子中的the Theory of Relativity。
18．A 在那时没人能够断定爱因斯坦的这一想法将导致一场物理方面的全球性革命。tell此处意为“断定”。
19．C global“全球性的”，符合句意。其他三项表示消极意义，故排除。
20．A 这样看来，没有限制的自由思考从某种程度上能够鼓励创造性。thus“因而；从而”。however“然而，可是”；and和but之后一般不用逗号。
Ⅳ.1.B 综合判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年，1607年，1682年可判断正确答案为B。
2．B 计算题。文中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。
3．D 主旨大意题。纵观全文，不难看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。
4．C 综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。
Ⅴ.1.There existed huge animals on the earth a long time ago. 2.Now it is her turn to give us a performance. 3.No one knows when the custom came into existence. 4.He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood. 5.He made it clear that it is necessary to have the meeting.
课时作业(八) Using Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A truck went out of control and________(碰撞) into the back of a bus.
2．The smell of new bread________(飘动) up from the kitchen.
3．Don't________(拉) so hard or the handle will go off.
4．As we all know, Qian Xuesen is a famous________(物理学家)．
5．We should form the habit of living in low________(碳)．
6．The space shuttle orbited a communication________(卫星)．
7．Today all of us face the problems of________(气候) change, shortage of energy and other natural resources.
8．Mary is a very________(温和的) person, who never loses her temper.
9．He arrived home，________(筋疲力尽的)．
10．He________(振奋) up at the thought of buying a new car.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The doctor had almost lost hope at one point，but the patient finally________.
A．pulled out B．pulled through
C．pulled up D．pulled over
2．The loss of this fire is________that of last one.
A．twice as many as B．as twice many as
C．twice as much as D．as twice much as
3．(2013·信阳高一期中)________for that fierce dog outside the hardware store.
A．Look after B．Look at
C．Watch out D．Watch over
4．Help me move the piano；you push and I________.
A．drag B．advance
C．march D．pull
5．________your daughter has recovered and your son has passed the college entrance examination，you have nothing to worry about.
A．So long as B．As soon as
C．Although D．Now that
6．The sun was so bright that he put up a curtain to________the sunshine.
A．block in B．block off
C．block up D．block out
7．He________at once when I promised to help him.
A．cheered up B．gave up
C．lighted up D．turned up
8．A fire________in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole building was in flames.
A．broke up B．broke down
C．broke out D．broke through
9．According to some scientists，with the change in the world's________，dinosaurs died out but many smaller animals lived on.
A．temperature B．climate
C．weather D．atmosphere
10．In the street in front of the school，there happened a serious car________the other day.
A．crash B．break
C．strike D．conflict
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Copernicus was born in Torun，Poland，on February 19,1473.Little is known about his early life except that his father died when he was 10.An uncle adopted him，his two sisters，and his brother.The uncle saw to it that the two boys received a good education.Copernicus went to the University of Cracow.There he studied such subjects as Latin，mathematics，and astronomy.It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name，Niklas Koppernigk，to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus.In 1496 Copernicus went to Italy，where he spent the next 10 years studying at various universities.
In Copernicus' time people still believed that all things—the sun，the stars，and the planets—moved around the earth.It was an old belief that few men had ever questioned.Aristotle had based his theory of astronomy on this belief.Because the Church had long been the center of learning，the theory was also linked to religious beliefs.
In 1506 Copernicus returned to his homeland.A few years later he began to work for the Church.All those years Copernicus carried on his work in astronomy.He had just the most basic equipment and，like other scientists of his day，made observations with only his eyes.Still，using mathematics and logic(逻辑)，Copernicus worked out a different theory，which held that the planets went around the sun.
Copernicus did not announce his ideas.He did not want to make trouble.But he could not hide the scientific truth.So he talked about his theory with his friends，who strongly advised him to have his work published.His great book，On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies，appeared at the very end of his life.Copernicus saw the first copy on the day he died，May 24,1543.
1．Which of the following is TRUE about Copernicus?
A．He had two brothers and a sister.
B．He used to be called Niklas Koppernigk.
C．He lost his father soon after he was born.
D．He spent 10 years at the University of Cracow.
2．From the passage we can see that “astronomy” is________.
A．the life experience of great men
B．the movement of the stars and the planets
C．the scientific study of natural objects in space
D．the theories developed by scientists of old times
3．Copernicus developed his theory________.
A．using various telescopes
B．based on Aristotle's beliefs
C．through observations and reasoning(推理)
D．under the encouragement of his friends
4．Copernicus had his great book published because________.
A．he didn't agree with Aristotle
B．he could not hide the scientific truth
C．he worked for the Church
D．his friends advised him to do so
B
Michacl，Rae，Jequita，Alice，Sarah and Phyllis have at least one thing in common：They all love animals so much that they're driven to volunteer regularly at the Romulus Animal Shelter.
The six Romulus-area residents give as much time as they can to perform various tasks at the shelter，help make life more comfortable for the dogs and cats that stay there and do their best to find permanent homes for the stray(流浪) pets.
The shelter，at 12300 Wayne Road，opened in June 2011 and operates on money raised in the community.To date，bingos and other fundraising activities have brought in more than $177,000，according to community leader William Wadsworth，but a tight budget requires the efforts of volunteers to make ends meet.
“Without their help，this building would not be an outstanding place.”Wadsworth said.“Their time and devotion is beyond what I ever expected.And I thank them all.”
The volunteers work at the direction of two animal control officers，Annie Hall and Kim Ratcliff，who spend much of their day patrolling(巡逻) the city and housing stray dogs and cats.The two，both with 32 years of experience，count on the public to be the eyes and ears of the shelter.They are also responsible for addressing complaints and taking care of the shelter.
That's where the volunteers come in.They take photos of the animals and post them on Facebook and other websites for adoption.They clean cages，play with the animals，feed and bathe the pets and take the dogs for walks.They pick up supplies and even clean the restrooms.
“We couldn't do it without them，”said Ratcliff.“They come in and go right to work.We depend on them a lot.They help run the place，”added Hall.
5．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To raise enough money for the stray pets.
B．To advertise for the Romulus Animal Shelter.
C．To praise the volunteers for caring animals.
D．To house more stray dogs and cats in the city.
6．Why does the Animal Shelter need the efforts of volunteers?
A．Because it has just opened for one year.
B．Because it has too many stray pets.
C．Because there are only two animal control officers.
D．Because it has a very tight budget.
7．Which of the following isn't the volunteers' work?
A．Patrolling the city.
B．Feeding the pets.
C．Cleaning the cages.
D．Picking up supplies.
8．We can learn from the text that________.
A．all the stray pets will live in the shelter forever
B．most stray pets were picked up by the control officers
C．the animals with most beautiful pictures on the websites will be adopted
D．the volunteers' work was highly praised by the control officers
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．你很快会掌握窍门的。(hang)
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2．既然他感觉好些了，他就可以去上班了。(now that)
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3．如果你不当心，你会被骗的。(watch out)
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4．你看上去很伤心，振作点，一切都会好的。(cheer up)
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5．彼得的夹克看上去与杰克的一样，但花了两倍的钱。(as...as)
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课时作业(八)
Ⅰ.1.crashed 2.floated 3.pull 4.physicist
5．carbon 6.satellite 7.climate 8.gentle
9．exhausted 10.cheered
Ⅱ.1.B pull through“痊愈；渡过难关”；pull out“(火车)驶出车站，离站”；pull over“(车)停靠(旁边)，把……靠一边”；pull up“使车停住”。
2．C 考查倍数表达法“倍数＋as＋adj.＋as...”又因loss是不可数名词。故选C项。
3．C watch out for“小心，提防”。
4．D 题意为“帮我搬动一下钢琴，你推我拉”。push与pull相对应，故选D项。
5．D now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句，符合句意。
6．D block in“画……草图”；block off“(用路障)封锁，堵住”；block up“堵塞，封住(孔、洞)”；block out“挡住(光线或声音)”。根据句意应选D。
7．A cheer up“高兴起来”；give up“放弃”；light up“使光亮，放光彩”；turn up“出现；将音量调大”。根据句意A项最佳。
8．C break out可用来指“(火灾)爆发”。
9．B 句意：有些科学家认为，随着世界气候的变化，恐龙灭绝了，但是许多小型动物存活了下来。climate气候，符合题意。
10．A 句意：前几天在学校前面的路上发生了一起严重的撞车事件。crash的意思是“相撞”，符合句意。break中断，休息；strike罢工，袭击；conflict冲突。
Ⅲ.1.B 细节题。由第一段倒数第二句可知B项正确。
2．C 推理判断题。由第二、三段可知，哥白尼研究天文学即研究太阳周围的行星。由此推出答案。
3．C 推理判断题。由第三段第四、五句可知，哥白尼是通过观察和推理来发展自己的理论的。
4．D 细节考查题。由最后一段第四句可以得出答案。
5．C 意图目的题。文章通过介绍Romulus Animal Shelter志愿者的活动，目的是表扬他们的贡献。
6．D 细节题。由第三段最后一句话知D项正确。
7．A 细节题。由倒数第二段知A项符合题意。
8．D 推断题。由最后一段Ratcliff所说的话，可知志愿者的工作得到高度评价。
Ⅳ.1.You'll soon get the hang of it. 2.Now that he's feeling better，he can go back to work.
3．You will be cheated if you don't watch out.
4．You look sad.Cheer up！Everything will be all right soon. 5.Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it cost twice as much as his.
