备战天津2023英语高考训练之阅读理解100篇其十（学生版）
篇91 My name is Jaimie Eckert and I've been into volunteer work since childhood. As a girl, I volunteered at animal shelters, played music at nursing homes, and helped with community cleanup after disasters. In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I fell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers. Since getting married in 2013， we've been living in Beirut, Lebanon. I actually have an online coaching business but I've had many opportunities to volunteer with projects for Syrian refugees （难民） and youth education.
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long time, and I wouldn't do it if I didn't enjoy it. Most of the time, you do feel that you're making a difference. Once I was leading out a project that provided food boxes to Syrian refugee families. When it was nearing Ramadan, the biggest holiday season in Islam, I literally stuffed the food package with extra treats...dates, nuts, olive oil and sweets. We took the package unannounced and ended up arriving just as the Syrian family was sitting down on their floor for breakfast. They had nothing more than a few pieces of bread and a pot of tea. The mother was in tears as she received us. I'll never forget their gratitude.
Another time, back when I was in college in the US， a group of friends and I volunteered to drive to a distant church that was way out in the suburb and had only a few elderly members. The building was in disrepair and the churchyard needed attention. We stayed the weekend in the home of one of these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church. I'll never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes. She couldn't repair broken doors or pull weeds, but her love for us was unmatched. It breaks my hear to remember this old lady beaming with joy for such small efforts that we made. Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.
Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself. It puts my focus on others. It makes me grateful for what I have.
(1) In writing Paragraph 1， the author aims to ______ .
A. provide an explanation
B. introduce a topic
C. reach a conclusion
D. propose a definition
(2) What does Paragraph 2 focus on？ ______
A. We brought food to Syrian families.
B. Ramadan is the most important holiday season in Islam.
C. Volunteering affects people in some way.
D. Volunteering is a way of Eckert's life.
(3) Why was the old lady happy？ ______
A. Because finally someone came to comfort them in the church.
B. Because she could clean and repair the church with us.
C. Because of our presence and help.
D. Because we made efforts to entertain her.
(4) What message does the story convey？ ______
A. Eckert's volunteer dream.
B. What volunteering means to Eckert.
C. How volunteering has changed Eckert's life.
D. Eckert volunteers for Syrian refugees.
(5) What is the author's attitude towards volunteering？ ______
A. Critical.
B. Objective.
C. Indifferent.
D. Positive.
篇92 Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night. This solves the problem of how to portion out (分配) energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch (淀粉). At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
"The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food," said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast, plants will starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted."
The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis, which is regarded as a model plant for experiments. To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
During one of the exams, they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights. Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual. And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night. They had neither starved, nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird, the little stint, can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more, on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.
(1) According to the passage, plants ______.
A. use little energy during the day
B. usually stop growing at night
C. waste a lot of energy at night
D. store starch during the day
(2) What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis
A. They changed the plant's light conditions.
B. They provided the plant with more starch.
C. They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D. They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
(3) When morning arrived, the experimental plants ______.
A. nearly died of lack of food
B. used most of their stored energy
C. began to regulate their food store
D. stored enough starch for the next day
(4) What can we learn about the little stint
A. They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B. They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C. They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D. They are unable to calculate the distances.
(5) The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. plants feel hungrier day by day
B. plants are good at storing energy
C. plants do math to survive the night
D. plants use starch to fuel their growth
篇93 "It's raining. It's pouring. The old man is snoring(打鼾). He bumped his head when he went to bed, and he couldn't get up in the morning." Why couldn't the old man in the children's song get up (Let's kindly suppose that he just didn't want to get up) This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight, the body was still producing the hotmon(激素) melatonin(褪黑素), which makes people sleepy.
There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior. But how much does rain really affect people's moods and behavior
In 2008, researchers from the University of Minnesota and Lanzhou University published a paper. They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval(社会动荡) and the downfall of the Tang, Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China. This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.
But how might rain affect social behavior in the modern world A 2009 New York Times investigation found that murder rates in New York drop significantly on rainy days. Meanwhile, in Britain, Dr Peter Langmead Jones of Greater Manchester police published a study in 2015 detailing an analysis of 6.6 million police records over one decade in Manchester. "The research showed that the heavier the rainfall, the lower the recorded crime," he said.
Langmead Jones also found that there is a strong association between heavy rain and relatively few violent crimes recorded including domestic abuse(家庭暴力). This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.
It's not all good news though. One study in 1997 concluded that the behavior of children can predict oncoming storms—they were observed to exhibit their worst behavior when barometric(气压的) pressure fell. Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days.
For all the complaints about rain, it does have some characteristics that hold broad appeal. The sound of raindrops can be very comforting and often features in sleep- inducing relaxation apps. The theory behind this is that the pitter patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise". It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep. So if it's raining where you are, the best thing to do may be to have a nap.
(1) The author uses the lyrics of a song in the first paragraph to ______.
A. introduce the interesting song to readers
B. voice his understanding of why the old man couldn't get u in the morning
C. illustrate one way that wet weather influences human behavior
D. explain why people often get up late on rainy days
(2) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph
A. Success.
B. Prosperity.
C. Failure.
D. Development.
(3) According to Dr Peter Langmead Jones, relatively few crimes are recorded on rainy days because ______.
A. people prefer to take a nap at home when it's raining
B. most people are depressed on rainy days
C. people are too lazy to go out when it's raining
D. alcohol consumption is reduced due to wet weather
(4) According to the article, the influences that rainy days have on human behavior include ______.
①decreased grain output
②relatively few criminal records
③higher chance of feeling low in spirits
④more possibility of feeling sleepy
A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④
(5) According to the last paragraph, what's the positive impact of rain on human behavior
A. The sound of raindrops helps people sleep better.
B. On rainy days, all people can get more sleep.
C. It offers a good chance to listen to relaxing music.
D. People feel more satisfied with themselves when it's raining.
篇94 When I was young, a friend and I came up with a "big" plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down great books to a sentence each. "Moby-Dick" by American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to: "A whale of a tale about the one that got away." As it turned out,. How could a single sentence convey the essence (精髓) of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages
Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled "bliks." The end result is more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewell's "At the Existentialist Cafe" is broken into 11 screens of information; Michelle Obama's "Becoming" fills 13.
Blinkist has been around since 2012.It calls its summaries"15-minute discoveries" to indicate how long it takes to read a Blinkist summary."Almost none of us," the editors assure us, "have the time to read everything we'd like to read." Well, yes, of course."So many books, so little time." declares a poster I once bought at a book market. But I judge the quality of someone's library by the books he or she has yet to read.
That's because a book is something we ought to live with, rather than speed through and categorize. It offers an experience as real as any other. The point of reading a book is not accumulating information, or at least not that alone. The most essential aspect is the communication between writer and reader: The idea behind Blinkist, however, is the opposite:
Reading can be, should be, measured by the efficient uptake (吸收) of key ideas. No, no, no. What's best about reading books is its inefficiency.
When reading a book, we need to dive in, let it take over us, demand something of us, teach us what it can. Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people w ho don't, in fact, want to read. A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isn't reading at all.
(1) What does the underlined part "the joke was on us" in Paragraph 1 mean
A. We were actually joking.
B. We were laughed at by others.
C. We were underestimating ourselves.
D. We were just embarrassing ourselves.
(2) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. What Blinkist is.
B. Why Binkist is popular.
C. How to use Blinkist.
D. Where you can use Blinkist.
(3) What is mentioned as a problem about reading in paragraph 3？
A. There are few new books of quality.
B. Many books are hard to understand.
C. People do not have enough time to read.
D. People do not like reading as much as before.
(4) What is an ideal patter of reading according to the author？
A. Obtaining key ideas efficiently.
B. Further confirming our beliefs.
C. Accumulating information quickly.
D. Deeply involving ourselves in books.
(5) What is the author's attitude to Blinkist？
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Uncaring.
D. Tolerant.
篇95 The major obstacle to any success is procrastination（拖延），which makes us say, "Not now.Wait for the right time." What we never understand is that the only right time is now.Start this moment,and you'll succeed.If you wait for the right moment in the foggy future,you may be left to wait for that future and this wait goes on.
Once you know what your enemy is,you should keep yourself ready to face it.Now let me discuss how to deal with it.
Waiting for the Right Time
If you're doing an important task,you just feel that this is not the right moment.Sometimes you feel there are some prerequisites（先决条件） undone.Or sometimes you think someone else would stand behind to support you.
What to do：Learn there is no time better than now.If you want to start a new project,just begin- call your team,draft the process and work.If you want to start a new hobby,buy the tools required,get a teacher or a good book and start off.Don't wait till the next weekend.
Indecision
When you're ready and excited about doing something,you sit at the table,but suddenly you're stuck and don't know how to proceed.Worries suffer from writer's puter programmers get stuck when collecting ideas.This is natural and happens even to experts.Professionals get some solutions,but most people feel discouraged and start losing interest in the target.
What to do：First,you must have a or a friend in the same field that can help you find an inspiration.Try to prepare a track for your course with a deadline.Plan well.If you are writing a novel,write in your planner that you'll finish the character sketch for the hero on Saturday.On Sunday,you'll write about how the hero meets the girl.In the same way,prepare tasks for every day.
These are the two causes of procrastination.Learn to fight these and keep such situations from happening.Try not to sit idly or do worthless chores.Keep some time separate for each kind of work you have to do every day and stick to it.
(1) The first paragraph is written to ______ .
A. attract readers' attention
B. explain what procrastination is
C. introduce the topic to be discussed
D. warn readers against procrastination
(2) If you feel this is the right time to do a task,you will ______ .
A. wait for nobody to lend you a hand
B. get something important done first
C. believe help is never to come to you
D. expect nobody else to stand by you
(3) If you are stuck and don't know what to do,what would happen to you？ ______
A. You might sit at the table with experts.
B. You might lose confidence and interest.
C. You might borrow ideas from professionals.
D. You might solve your problem by yourself.
(4) What does the underlined word "mentor" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ ______
A. Advisor.
B. Engineer.
C. Physician.
D. Governor.
(5) By writing the text,the author intends to ______ .
A. warn readers against indecision
B. offer some useful advice to readers about procrastination
C. analyze the cause of procrastination
D. stress the benefits of being punctual （守时的）
篇96 "High tech" and "state of the art" are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is just a shorter way of saying high technology. And high technology describes any invention, system of device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of science and engineering.
What is high tech A computer is high tech. So is a communication satellite. A modern manufacturing system is surely high tech.
High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980's. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave ovens (微波炉), etc.
"State of the art" is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and technology. Something that is "state of the art" is the newest possible design or product of a business or industry. A state of the art television set, for example, uses the most modern electronic design and parts. It is the best that one can buy.
"State of the art" is not a new expression. Engineers have used it for years to describe the best and most modern way of doing something.
Millions of Americans began to use the expression in the late 1970's. The reason was the computer revolution. Every computer company would say that its computers were "state of the art".
Computer technology changed so fast that a state of the art computer today might be old tomorrow. The expression "sate of the art" became as common and popular as computers themselves. Now all kinds of products are said to be "state of the art".
(1) What is the purpose of the passage？
A. To tell how "high tech" and "state of the art" have developed.
B. To give examples of high tech.
C. To tell what "high tech" and "state of the art" are.
D. To describe very modern technology.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A. American stores could provide new kinds of products to people.
B. High tech describes a technology that is not useful.
C. "State of the art" is not as popular as "high tech".
D. A wooden plough pulled by animals is "state of the art".
(3) Which of the following example is NOT high tech
A. A microwave oven.
B. A home computer.
C. A hand pump.
D. A satellite.
(4) Which of the following statement is NOT true
A. Since the computer revolution, the expression "state of the art" has become popular.
B. "State of the art" means something that is the best one can buy.
C. With the rapid development of computer technology, a state of the art computer may easily become old.
D. All kinds of products are "state of the art" nowadays.
(5) The best title for the passage is ______.
A. Computer Technology
B. High Tech and State of the Art
C. Most Advanced Technology
D. Two New Products
篇97 The discovery of the Komodo Dragons is one of the most important zoological （动物学的） surprises of the 20th century.Before 1912 it was completely unknown and it was believed that there were no more large lizards（蜥蜴） in the world.Then,in that year,a party of fishermen stopped at an almost completely-unknown small island in a group of islands.The fishermen brought back stories of a huge,prehistoric animal living there.The island's name was Komodo.The largest of these lizards was over ten feet from nose to tail.Komodo dragons have also been discovered on several neighboring islands.
Are the dragons dangerous to humans？Yes.A Swiss tourist who sat down to have a rest while the other people of his tour group went ahead was attacked and eaten by a dragon.All that was left was a piece of his camera.A number of other people have been killed by dragon attacks over the years.The dragons can eat up to 80 percent of their own weight in a single meal.Their attack way is to wait behind trees,then rush forward and give a single large bite to the person or other animal.Most Komodo dragons prefer wild boar（野猪） or deer as their meals,but they will try to attack and get almost every other animal they can find,including other dragons.The largest dragons weigh around 150 kilos.Though the Komodo dragons can see well,they do most of their hunting based on smell.A dragon can recognize a certain smell from several miles when the wind is right.They will hunt when they have to,and these large lizards are more than happy to get an already dead animal when they come across one.
(1) How was the Komodo dragon discovered？ ______
A. Scientists had been looking for it and found it.
B. It was found by chance by some fishermen.
C. Some fishermen looked for it on an island.
D. It was discovered by some tourists.
(2) Komodo dragons have been found ______ .
A. only on Komodo
B. on several islands near Komodo Island
C. on many islands in the world
D. on all the islands near Komodo Island
(3) These large lizards are dangerous to people,because ______ .
A. when people attack them,they will fight back
B. humans are their favourite food
C. they will attack and eat humans if they find them
D. they are much bigger than people
(4) A Komodo dragon will eat all the following EXCEPT ______ .
A. deer
B. humans
C. trees
D. Komodo dragons
(5) Komodo dragons ______ .
A. always hunt by smelling
B. never hunt by looking with their eyes
C. can always smell something several miles away
D. hunt with both their noses and eyes
篇98 When nature lovers all over the world wish all humans to realize the importance of their natural surroundings, many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life.
Julie Aston, an Australian housewife in Brisbane, is one such example.Even though autumn is approaching Australia's Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming flowers in Julie's little garden as she tells that in her community,"Each of us has a beautiful yard.The whole community from children to elderly people takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden."
"Gardening is the most popular club in our community." she says."A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training.So you can see that flowers continue to blossom in our gardens throughout the year."
Talking about her people's sense of caring for the environment Julie says when people in the community take along their dog they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog's waste."In our community you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass." says Julie with a smile."Taking care of the dog's waste can also help to develop children's sense of responsibility!"
As to protecting water resources the Australian government has made strict rules for families.Julie says,"We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!" She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use including car washing and watering the garden.This year they also asked people to connect the water tank with their toilets.
(1) From the first three paragraphs we learn that ______ .
A. gardening is popular in most parts of Australia
B. April is a great time for people to enjoy flowers
C. it's not easy to keep a garden without proper training
D. Julie's community has a deep sense of caring for nature
(2) Why can flowers be seen all year round in Julie's community？ ______
A. Gardening lessons are often given by professors.
B. Families are taught how to take care of their gardens.
C. The local government provides free gardening training.
D. There is enough rainwater to water the flowers regularly.
(3) What do we know about Julie from the passage？ ______
A. She takes pride in her community.
B. She once stepped on a dog's waste.
C. She is quite in favor of raising a dog.
D. She finds it embarrassing to walk on the grass.
(4) From what Julie says in the last paragraph we know ______ .
A. rainwater is not the best resource
B. her community owns a public tank
C. her community makes full use of resources
D. it is not necessary to water flowers very often
(5) What would be the best title for the text？ ______
A. How Australians Save Resources
B. Love Nature, the Australian Way
C. How Australians Lead Their Life
D. Protect Nature, a Must of Life
篇99 When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect (尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.
I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive (敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.
In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.
However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.
After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.
By Jack
(1) Jack brought the couple their food very fast because ______.
A. the manager asked him to do so
B. he respected the elderly
C. the couple wanted him to do so
D. he wanted more pay
(2) When Jack called the couple "elderly", they became ______.
A. nervous
B. satisfied
C. unhappy
D. excited
(3) In Jack's hometown, ______．
A. people dislike being called "old"
B. people are proud of being old
C. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty
D. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants
(4) After this experience, Jack ______.
A. lost his job in the restaurant
B. made friends with the couple
C. no longer respected the elderly
D. changed his way with older people
(5) Which of the following is TRUE
A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.
B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.
C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.
D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.
篇100 Many years ago，when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver，I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station（加油站）about 50 miles from Oklahoma City，where I was planning to stop and visit a friend.While I was standing in line at the cash register（收款台），I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off，but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station.They said they would take me to my friend's.We chatted on the way into the city，and when I got out of the car，the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me.Soon afterward，I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later，I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning.In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day，and the battery（电池）was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership — a shop selling cars — was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
"Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？" I asked and explained my trouble.They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.They would accept no payment，so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen.No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you，and it meant a lot，he said.
"Thank you" — two powerful words.They're easy to say and mean so much.
(1) The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City ______ .
A. to visit a friend
B. to see his parents
C. to pay at the cash register
D. to have more gas for his car
(2) The words "took off" underlined in Paragraph 2 mean " ______ ".
A. turned off
B. moved off
C. put up
D. set up
(3) What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car？ ______
A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.
D. He called his friend for help.
(4) The battery of the author's car was dead because ______ .
A. something went wrong with the lights
B. the meeting lasted a whole day
C. he forgot to turn off the lights
D. he drove too long a distance
(5) By telling his own experiences，the author tries to show ______ .
A. how to write a thank-you letter
B. how to deal with car problems
C. the kind-heartedness of older people
D. the importance of expressing thanks备战天津2023英语高考训练之阅读理解100篇其十（教师版）
篇91(2021·天津市·模拟题)My name is Jaimie Eckert and I've been into volunteer work since childhood. As a girl, I volunteered at animal shelters, played music at nursing homes, and helped with community cleanup after disasters. In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I fell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers. Since getting married in 2013， we've been living in Beirut, Lebanon. I actually have an online coaching business but I've had many opportunities to volunteer with projects for Syrian refugees （难民） and youth education.
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long time, and I wouldn't do it if I didn't enjoy it. Most of the time, you do feel that you're making a difference. Once I was leading out a project that provided food boxes to Syrian refugee families. When it was nearing Ramadan, the biggest holiday season in Islam, I literally stuffed the food package with extra treats...dates, nuts, olive oil and sweets. We took the package unannounced and ended up arriving just as the Syrian family was sitting down on their floor for breakfast. They had nothing more than a few pieces of bread and a pot of tea. The mother was in tears as she received us. I'll never forget their gratitude.
Another time, back when I was in college in the US， a group of friends and I volunteered to drive to a distant church that was way out in the suburb and had only a few elderly members. The building was in disrepair and the churchyard needed attention. We stayed the weekend in the home of one of these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church. I'll never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes. She couldn't repair broken doors or pull weeds, but her love for us was unmatched. It breaks my hear to remember this old lady beaming with joy for such small efforts that we made. Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.
Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself. It puts my focus on others. It makes me grateful for what I have.
(1) In writing Paragraph 1， the author aims to ______ .
A. provide an explanation
B. introduce a topic
C. reach a conclusion
D. propose a definition
(2) What does Paragraph 2 focus on？ ______
A. We brought food to Syrian families.
B. Ramadan is the most important holiday season in Islam.
C. Volunteering affects people in some way.
D. Volunteering is a way of Eckert's life.
(3) Why was the old lady happy？ ______
A. Because finally someone came to comfort them in the church.
B. Because she could clean and repair the church with us.
C. Because of our presence and help.
D. Because we made efforts to entertain her.
(4) What message does the story convey？ ______
A. Eckert's volunteer dream.
B. What volunteering means to Eckert.
C. How volunteering has changed Eckert's life.
D. Eckert volunteers for Syrian refugees.
(5) What is the author's attitude towards volunteering？ ______
A. Critical.
B. Objective.
C. Indifferent.
D. Positive.
【答案】B C C B D
【解析】
（1）B. 写作目的题。根据原文第一段"My name is Jaimie Eckert and I've been into volunteer work since childhood. 我叫杰米 埃克特，从小就从事志愿工作。"可知作者一直从事志愿者工作。 以及第二段" Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long time很长一段时间以来，志愿服务一直是我的一种生活方式。"可知作者写第1段时的目的是介绍一个话题。A. provide an explanation提供解释；B. introduce a topic介绍一个话题；C. reach a conclusion得出结论；D. propose a definition提出定义。故选B.
（2）C. 段落大意题。根据原文第二段"The mother was in tears as she received us. I'll never forget their gratitude.我永远不会忘记他们的感激之情。"说明了志意愿者工作的重要意义。可知第2段的重点是志愿工作在某种程度上影响着人们。故选C.
（3）C. 细节理解题。根据原倒数文第二段"Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.有时候，志愿工作之所以有成就感，不是因为你完成了实际的工作，而是因为你的存在如何影响你周围的人。"可知老太太因为我们的存在和帮助而感到高兴。故选C.
（4）B. 主旨大意题。根据原文最后一段" Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself. It puts my focus on others. It makes me grateful for what I have.志愿工作使我成为一个更好的人，因为它让我超越自我。它把我的注意力放在别人身上。它使我对我所拥有的感到感激。"可知这个故事传达志愿服务对埃克特的意义。故选B.
（5）D. 观点态度题。 本文介绍了作者一直从事志愿者工作认为志愿工作在某种程度上影响着人们，同时志愿者工作使作者成为一个更好的人，因为它让作者超越自我。可知作者对志愿工作的态度是积极的。A. Critical批评的；B. Objective漠不关心的；C. Indifferent客观的；D. Positive积极的。故选D.
本文介绍了作者一直从事志愿者工作认为志愿工作在某种程度上影响着人们，同时志愿者工作使作者成为一个更好的人，因为它让作者超越自我。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
篇92(2021·天津市·模拟题) Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night. This solves the problem of how to portion out (分配) energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch (淀粉). At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
"The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food," said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast, plants will starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted."
The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis, which is regarded as a model plant for experiments. To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
During one of the exams, they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights. Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual. And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night. They had neither starved, nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird, the little stint, can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more, on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.
(1) According to the passage, plants ______.
A. use little energy during the day
B. usually stop growing at night
C. waste a lot of energy at night
D. store starch during the day
(2) What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis
A. They changed the plant's light conditions.
B. They provided the plant with more starch.
C. They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D. They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
(3) When morning arrived, the experimental plants ______.
A. nearly died of lack of food
B. used most of their stored energy
C. began to regulate their food store
D. stored enough starch for the next day
(4) What can we learn about the little stint
A. They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B. They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C. They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D. They are unable to calculate the distances.
(5) The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. plants feel hungrier day by day
B. plants are good at storing energy
C. plants do math to survive the night
D. plants use starch to fuel their growth
【答案】D A B A C
【解析】
【文章大意】文章讲述了植物体内有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能源消耗。
1. 由第二段中的While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用)...called starch (淀粉).（当有阳光照射时，植物进行光合作用。在这个过程中，植物将阳光、水和二氧化碳转化为储存能量的长链糖，称为淀粉。）可知，在白天时，植物进行光合作用储存淀粉。故选D。
2. 由第四段中的To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them. （为为了对植物进行数学测试，生物学家让夜晚来得出乎意料地早或晚。）可知，为了研究拟南芥，科学家们改变了植物的光照条件。故选A。
3. 由倒数第三段中的 Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.（令人惊讶的是，即使经过了这个白天的恶作剧，这些植物在考试中表现得非常好，晚上结束时只剩下5%的淀粉。）可知，植物使用了大部分储存的能量。故选B。
4. 第一段提到植物有一个生物过程，它将植物储存的能量按照夜晚的长度来划分。这就解决了如何在夜间分配能量储备的问题。由倒数第二段可知，作者认为，类似的生物计算器可以解释，一只小小的候鸟如何能够长途跋涉5000公里到达它们在北极的夏季栖息地，并带着平均只多活大约半天的脂肪储备到达。由此可知，滨鹬这种鸟可能也有一个系统来控制能源消耗。故选A。
5. 通读全文可知，文章讲述了植物体内有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能源消耗。故选C。
篇93(2022·天津市·模拟题) "It's raining. It's pouring. The old man is snoring(打鼾). He bumped his head when he went to bed, and he couldn't get up in the morning." Why couldn't the old man in the children's song get up (Let's kindly suppose that he just didn't want to get up) This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight, the body was still producing the hotmon(激素) melatonin(褪黑素), which makes people sleepy.
There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior. But how much does rain really affect people's moods and behavior
In 2008, researchers from the University of Minnesota and Lanzhou University published a paper. They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval(社会动荡) and the downfall of the Tang, Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China. This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.
But how might rain affect social behavior in the modern world A 2009 New York Times investigation found that murder rates in New York drop significantly on rainy days. Meanwhile, in Britain, Dr Peter Langmead Jones of Greater Manchester police published a study in 2015 detailing an analysis of 6.6 million police records over one decade in Manchester. "The research showed that the heavier the rainfall, the lower the recorded crime," he said.
Langmead Jones also found that there is a strong association between heavy rain and relatively few violent crimes recorded including domestic abuse(家庭暴力). This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.
It's not all good news though. One study in 1997 concluded that the behavior of children can predict oncoming storms—they were observed to exhibit their worst behavior when barometric(气压的) pressure fell. Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days.
For all the complaints about rain, it does have some characteristics that hold broad appeal. The sound of raindrops can be very comforting and often features in sleep- inducing relaxation apps. The theory behind this is that the pitter patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise". It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep. So if it's raining where you are, the best thing to do may be to have a nap.
(1) The author uses the lyrics of a song in the first paragraph to ______.
A. introduce the interesting song to readers
B. voice his understanding of why the old man couldn't get u in the morning
C. illustrate one way that wet weather influences human behavior
D. explain why people often get up late on rainy days
(2) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph
A. Success.
B. Prosperity.
C. Failure.
D. Development.
(3) According to Dr Peter Langmead Jones, relatively few crimes are recorded on rainy days because ______.
A. people prefer to take a nap at home when it's raining
B. most people are depressed on rainy days
C. people are too lazy to go out when it's raining
D. alcohol consumption is reduced due to wet weather
(4) According to the article, the influences that rainy days have on human behavior include ______.
①decreased grain output
②relatively few criminal records
③higher chance of feeling low in spirits
④more possibility of feeling sleepy
A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④
(5) According to the last paragraph, what's the positive impact of rain on human behavior
A. The sound of raindrops helps people sleep better.
B. On rainy days, all people can get more sleep.
C. It offers a good chance to listen to relaxing music.
D. People feel more satisfied with themselves when it's raining.
【答案】C C D D A
【解析】
【文章大意】本文注意介绍了雨对人类行为和情绪的影响。
1. 根据第一段中This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight, the body was still producing the hotmon(激素) melatonin(褪黑素), which makes people sleepy.（这可能是因为在没有阳光的环境下，身体仍在产生褪黑激素，让人昏昏欲睡。）和第二段中There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior.（降雨影响人类行为的方式有很多。）可知，作者在本段引用一句歌词是为了说明潮湿天气是影响人类行为的一种方式。故选C。
2. 根据划线部分所在句They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval(社会动荡) and the downfall of the Tang... in ancient China.和This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.可知，在以农耕为主的王朝，水稻种植的减少，最终会导致王朝覆灭。所以划线词downfall意为“灭亡”。故选C。
3. 根据倒数第三段中This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.（这可能是因为，由于下大雨，人们无法外出购买酒，而酒的消费量减少，导致犯罪减少。）可知，Langmead Jones认为下雨天犯罪相对较少是因为酒的消费量减少。故选D。
4. 根据倒数第四段中The research showed that the heavier the rainfall, the lower the recorded crime（研究表明，降雨量越大，犯罪率就越低）和倒数第二段中Another study in 2012 found that women... than men on rainy days.（2012年的另一项研究发现，女性更容易受到下雨的心理影响，她们在雨天的生活满意度比男性低得多。）和最后一段中The theory behind this is that the pitter patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise".（背后的理论是，雨滴的噼啪声是一种“粉色噪音”。）以及It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep.（这可以减少大脑活动，从而提高睡眠质量。）可知，本文中提到下雨天对人行为的影响包括相对少的犯罪记录、情绪低落的几率更高以及更有可能犯困。故选D。
5. 根据最后一段中The theory behind this is that the pitter patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise".（背后的理论是，雨滴的噼啪声是一种“粉色噪音”。）以及It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep.（这可以减少大脑活动，从而提高睡眠质量。）可知，雨对人类的积极影响是雨滴的声音帮助人们睡得更好。故选A。
篇94(2022·天津市·模拟题) When I was young, a friend and I came up with a "big" plan to make reading easy. The idea was to boil down great books to a sentence each. "Moby-Dick" by American writer Herman Melville, for instance, was reduced to: "A whale of a tale about the one that got away." As it turned out,. How could a single sentence convey the essence (精髓) of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages
Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled "bliks." The end result is more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewell's "At the Existentialist Cafe" is broken into 11 screens of information; Michelle Obama's "Becoming" fills 13.
Blinkist has been around since 2012.It calls its summaries"15-minute discoveries" to indicate how long it takes to read a Blinkist summary."Almost none of us," the editors assure us, "have the time to read everything we'd like to read." Well, yes, of course."So many books, so little time." declares a poster I once bought at a book market. But I judge the quality of someone's library by the books he or she has yet to read.
That's because a book is something we ought to live with, rather than speed through and categorize. It offers an experience as real as any other. The point of reading a book is not accumulating information, or at least not that alone. The most essential aspect is the communication between writer and reader: The idea behind Blinkist, however, is the opposite:
Reading can be, should be, measured by the efficient uptake (吸收) of key ideas. No, no, no. What's best about reading books is its inefficiency.
When reading a book, we need to dive in, let it take over us, demand something of us, teach us what it can. Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people w ho don't, in fact, want to read. A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isn't reading at all.
(1) What does the underlined part "the joke was on us" in Paragraph 1 mean
A. We were actually joking.
B. We were laughed at by others.
C. We were underestimating ourselves.
D. We were just embarrassing ourselves.
(2) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. What Blinkist is.
B. Why Binkist is popular.
C. How to use Blinkist.
D. Where you can use Blinkist.
(3) What is mentioned as a problem about reading in paragraph 3？
A. There are few new books of quality.
B. Many books are hard to understand.
C. People do not have enough time to read.
D. People do not like reading as much as before.
(4) What is an ideal patter of reading according to the author？
A. Obtaining key ideas efficiently.
B. Further confirming our beliefs.
C. Accumulating information quickly.
D. Deeply involving ourselves in books.
(5) What is the author's attitude to Blinkist？
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Uncaring.
D. Tolerant.
【答案】C A D D B
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当我年轻的时候，使阅读变得容易，和一个朋友制定一个大计划——把伟大的书籍归纳成一句话。事实证明，这个笑话是开在我们身上的。
1. 根据第一段划线词后面句子How could a single sentence convey the essence（精髓） of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages？（一句话怎么能表达一部500多页的杰作的精髓呢？）及划线词所在句子As it turned out, .（事实证明，这个笑话是开在我们身上的。）可知，划线词"the joke was on us" 意为"我们被别人嘲笑"。结合选项：A.We were actually joking我们其实是在开玩笑；B.We were laughed at by others我们被别人嘲笑了；C.We were underestimating ourselves我们低估了自己；D.We were just embarrassing ourselves我们只是让自己难堪。故选C。
2. 根据第二段Blinkist, a website and an app, now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled "bliks." The end result is more than one sentence, but not by much. Sarah Bakewell's "At the Existentialist Cafe" is broken into 11 screens of information; Michelle Obama's "Becoming" fills 13.（Blinkist是一个网站和应用程序，现在以标记为"bliks"的快速拍摄形式总结非小说类标题最终的结果是不止一句话，但不是很多。莎拉 贝克威尔的《在存在主义咖啡馆》被分为11个信息屏幕米歇尔 奥巴马的"成为"填补了13个空缺。）可知，第二段主要是在讲什么是Blinkist。故选A。
3.
根据第三段Blinkist has been around since 2012.It calls its summaries"15-minute discoveries" to indicate how long it takes to read a Blinkist summary."Almost none of us," the editors assure us, "have the time to read everything we'd like to read." Well,yes,of course."So many books,so little time." declares a poster I once bought at a book market.But I judge the quality of someone's library by the books he or she has yet to read.（Blinkist从2012年就开始出现了。它将其摘要称为"15分钟的发现"，以表明阅读一份Blinkist摘要需要多长时间。"几乎没有人，"编辑们向我们保证，"有时间阅读我们想读的一切。"嗯，是的，当然。"这么多书，这么少时间。"我曾在书市上买过一张海报。但我根据某人尚未读过的书来判断其图书馆的质量。）可知，第3段中提到的阅读问题是人们不像以前那样喜欢读书了。故选D。
4. 根据最后一段When reading a book, we need to dive in, let it take over us, demand something of us, teach us what it can. Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people w ho don't, in fact, want to read. A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isn't reading at all.（当我们阅读一本书时，我们需要全身心投入，让它接管我们，对我们有所要求，教我们能做什么。相反，Blinkist是一项服务，为那些实际上不想读书的人更改书籍。15分钟的总结没有抓住阅读的重点应用程序的快速阅读根本不是阅读。）可知，作者认为理想的阅读模式是我们深深地沉浸在书中。故选D。
5. 根据最后一段中的Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people w ho don't, in fact, want to read. A 15-minute summary misses the point of reading; speed-reading with the app isn't reading at all.（相反，Blinkist是一项服务，为那些实际上不想读书的人更改书籍。）可知，作者对Blinkist持否定的态度。故选B。
篇95(2022·天津市·模拟题)The major obstacle to any success is procrastination（拖延），which makes us say, "Not now.Wait for the right time." What we never understand is that the only right time is now.Start this moment,and you'll succeed.If you wait for the right moment in the foggy future,you may be left to wait for that future and this wait goes on.
Once you know what your enemy is,you should keep yourself ready to face it.Now let me discuss how to deal with it.
Waiting for the Right Time
If you're doing an important task,you just feel that this is not the right moment.Sometimes you feel there are some prerequisites（先决条件） undone.Or sometimes you think someone else would stand behind to support you.
What to do：Learn there is no time better than now.If you want to start a new project,just begin- call your team,draft the process and work.If you want to start a new hobby,buy the tools required,get a teacher or a good book and start off.Don't wait till the next weekend.
Indecision
When you're ready and excited about doing something,you sit at the table,but suddenly you're stuck and don't know how to proceed.Worries suffer from writer's puter programmers get stuck when collecting ideas.This is natural and happens even to experts.Professionals get some solutions,but most people feel discouraged and start losing interest in the target.
What to do：First,you must have a or a friend in the same field that can help you find an inspiration.Try to prepare a track for your course with a deadline.Plan well.If you are writing a novel,write in your planner that you'll finish the character sketch for the hero on Saturday.On Sunday,you'll write about how the hero meets the girl.In the same way,prepare tasks for every day.
These are the two causes of procrastination.Learn to fight these and keep such situations from happening.Try not to sit idly or do worthless chores.Keep some time separate for each kind of work you have to do every day and stick to it.
(1) The first paragraph is written to ______ .
A. attract readers' attention
B. explain what procrastination is
C. introduce the topic to be discussed
D. warn readers against procrastination
(2) If you feel this is the right time to do a task,you will ______ .
A. wait for nobody to lend you a hand
B. get something important done first
C. believe help is never to come to you
D. expect nobody else to stand by you
(3) If you are stuck and don't know what to do,what would happen to you？ ______
A. You might sit at the table with experts.
B. You might lose confidence and interest.
C. You might borrow ideas from professionals.
D. You might solve your problem by yourself.
(4) What does the underlined word "mentor" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ ______
A. Advisor.
B. Engineer.
C. Physician.
D. Governor.
(5) By writing the text,the author intends to ______ .
A. warn readers against indecision
B. offer some useful advice to readers about procrastination
C. analyze the cause of procrastination
D. stress the benefits of being punctual （守时的）
【答案】C B B A B
【解析】
（1）C.推理判断题。根据第一段The major obstacle to any success is procrastination（拖延），which makes us say, "Not now.Wait for the right time." What we never understand is that the only right time is now.Start this moment,and you'll succeed.（任何成功的主要障碍都是拖延症，它让我们说："现在不行。等待合适的时机。"我们永远不明白的是，唯一正确的时机就是现在。从现在开始，你就会成功。）可知，文章第一段引出了"拖延症"会成为我们成功路上的阻碍这一观点，因此，我们应该抓住当下的时间，克服拖延症。由此推知，本段的目的是引出被讨论的话题。故选C。
（2）B.推理判断题。根据文章Waiting for the Right Time中的What to do内容Learn there is no time better than now.If you want to start a new project,just begin- call your team,draft the process and work.If you want to start a new hobby,buy the tools required,get a teacher or a good book and start off. （没有比现在更好的时间了。如果你想开始一个新项目，那就开始吧——打电话给你的团队，起草流程然后开始工作。如果你想开始一种新的爱好，买必要的工具，请老师或一本好书，然后开始。）可推知，如果你觉得现在是做一件事的好时机，首先要做一些重要的事情。故选B项。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据文章Indecision中内容When you're ready and excited about doing something,you sit at the table,but suddenly you're stuck and don't know how to proceed. （当你准备好做某事并感到兴奋时，你坐在桌子旁，但突然间你卡住了，不知道如何继续。）以及Professionals get some solutions,but most people feel discouraged and start losing interest in the target.（专业人士会找到一些解决方案，但大多数人会感到气馁，开始对目标失去兴趣。）可知，如果你被困住了，不知道如何做，你可能会失去信心和兴趣。故选B项。
（4）A.词义猜测题。根据文章Inecision中What to do内容or a friend in the same field that can help you find an inspiration. （或者在同一领域的朋友可以帮你找到灵感。）可以推测mentor表示可以提供给你建议、灵感的人，advisor （顾问）与mentor意思相近。结合选项A.Advisor顾问；B.Engineer工程师；C.Physician物理学家；D.Governor政府人员。故选A项。
（5）B.目的意图题。根据最后一段内容These These are the two causes of procrastination.Learn to fight these and keep such situations from happening.Try not to sit idly or do worthless chores.Keep some time separate for each kind of work you have to do every day and stick to it.（这就是拖延症的两个原因。学会与这些斗争，防止这种情况发生。尽量不要闲坐或做毫无价值的家务。每天为你必须做的每一种工作留出一些时间，并坚持下去。）及全文内容可知，作者在本文中为读者提供了一些关于拖延症的有用建议。故选B项。
本文是一篇日常生活类说明文，作者在文中解释了拖延症的两种原因，并为读者提供了一些关于拖延症的有用建议。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。
篇96(2022·天津市·模拟题) "High tech" and "state of the art" are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is just a shorter way of saying high technology. And high technology describes any invention, system of device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of science and engineering.
What is high tech A computer is high tech. So is a communication satellite. A modern manufacturing system is surely high tech.
High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980's. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave ovens (微波炉), etc.
"State of the art" is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and technology. Something that is "state of the art" is the newest possible design or product of a business or industry. A state of the art television set, for example, uses the most modern electronic design and parts. It is the best that one can buy.
"State of the art" is not a new expression. Engineers have used it for years to describe the best and most modern way of doing something.
Millions of Americans began to use the expression in the late 1970's. The reason was the computer revolution. Every computer company would say that its computers were "state of the art".
Computer technology changed so fast that a state of the art computer today might be old tomorrow. The expression "sate of the art" became as common and popular as computers themselves. Now all kinds of products are said to be "state of the art".
(1) What is the purpose of the passage？
A. To tell how "high tech" and "state of the art" have developed.
B. To give examples of high tech.
C. To tell what "high tech" and "state of the art" are.
D. To describe very modern technology.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A. American stores could provide new kinds of products to people.
B. High tech describes a technology that is not useful.
C. "State of the art" is not as popular as "high tech".
D. A wooden plough pulled by animals is "state of the art".
(3) Which of the following example is NOT high tech
A. A microwave oven.
B. A home computer.
C. A hand pump.
D. A satellite.
(4) Which of the following statement is NOT true
A. Since the computer revolution, the expression "state of the art" has become popular.
B. "State of the art" means something that is the best one can buy.
C. With the rapid development of computer technology, a state of the art computer may easily become old.
D. All kinds of products are "state of the art" nowadays.
(5) The best title for the passage is ______.
A. Computer Technology
B. High Tech and State of the Art
C. Most Advanced Technology
D. Two New Products
【答案】C A C D B
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“高科技”和“尖端水平”两个现代科技词语的含义，它们的区别以及它们之间的联系。
1. 根据第一段的"High tech" and "state of the art" are two expressions that describe very modern technology.可知，文章开头就说明了“高科技”和“尖端水平”是两个用来描述非常现代的技术的表达，接着下文分别说明两种方式。由此可见，本文的目的就是要说明什么是“高科技”和“尖端水平”。故选C。
2. 根据第三段的Because of improvements in technology...microwave ovens (微波炉), etc.（由于技术的进步，人们可以在美国的商店里买到许多新产品，如家用电脑、微波炉等）可知，A项“美国的商店可以为人们提供新的产品”符合文意，故选A。
3. 根据第二段的A computer is high tech. So is a communication satellite.（计算机是高科技，通信卫星也是高科技。）和第三段Because of improvements in technology...microwave ovens (微波炉), etc.（由于技术的进步，人们可以在美国的商店里买到许多新产品，如家用电脑、微波炉等。）可知，C项“手动泵”不是高科技，故选C。
4. 根据第四段 "State of the art" is something that is as modern...modern electronic design and parts.（“尖端水平”是指尽可能现代的东西。这是一种基于最新方法和技术的产品。“尖端水平”指的是企业或行业最新的设计或产品。例如，最先进的电视机使用最现代的电子设计和部件。）可知，并不是所有的产品都是“尖端水平”的。故选D。
5. 根据文章行文逻辑，开头第一段"High tech" and "state of the art" are two expressions that describe very modern technology.（“高科技”和“尖端水平”是描述非常现代技术的两种表达方式）就提出了“High tech”和“state of the art”的概念，接着分别阐述这两者。因此B项：“高科技”和“尖端水平”最适合作为文章的标题，故选B。
篇97(2022·天津市·模拟题)The discovery of the Komodo Dragons is one of the most important zoological （动物学的） surprises of the 20th century.Before 1912 it was completely unknown and it was believed that there were no more large lizards（蜥蜴） in the world.Then,in that year,a party of fishermen stopped at an almost completely-unknown small island in a group of islands.The fishermen brought back stories of a huge,prehistoric animal living there.The island's name was Komodo.The largest of these lizards was over ten feet from nose to tail.Komodo dragons have also been discovered on several neighboring islands.
Are the dragons dangerous to humans？Yes.A Swiss tourist who sat down to have a rest while the other people of his tour group went ahead was attacked and eaten by a dragon.All that was left was a piece of his camera.A number of other people have been killed by dragon attacks over the years.The dragons can eat up to 80 percent of their own weight in a single meal.Their attack way is to wait behind trees,then rush forward and give a single large bite to the person or other animal.Most Komodo dragons prefer wild boar（野猪） or deer as their meals,but they will try to attack and get almost every other animal they can find,including other dragons.The largest dragons weigh around 150 kilos.Though the Komodo dragons can see well,they do most of their hunting based on smell.A dragon can recognize a certain smell from several miles when the wind is right.They will hunt when they have to,and these large lizards are more than happy to get an already dead animal when they come across one.
(1) How was the Komodo dragon discovered？ ______
A. Scientists had been looking for it and found it.
B. It was found by chance by some fishermen.
C. Some fishermen looked for it on an island.
D. It was discovered by some tourists.
(2) Komodo dragons have been found ______ .
A. only on Komodo
B. on several islands near Komodo Island
C. on many islands in the world
D. on all the islands near Komodo Island
(3) These large lizards are dangerous to people,because ______ .
A. when people attack them,they will fight back
B. humans are their favourite food
C. they will attack and eat humans if they find them
D. they are much bigger than people
(4) A Komodo dragon will eat all the following EXCEPT ______ .
A. deer
B. humans
C. trees
D. Komodo dragons
(5) Komodo dragons ______ .
A. always hunt by smelling
B. never hunt by looking with their eyes
C. can always smell something several miles away
D. hunt with both their noses and eyes
【答案】B B C C D
【解析】
（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段中Then,in that year,a party of fishermen stopped at an almost completely-unknown small island in a group of islands.The fishermen brought back stories of a huge,prehistoric animal living there.（然后，在那一年，一群渔民停在了群岛中一个几乎完全不为人知的小岛上。渔民带回了一种巨大的史前动物生活在那里的故事。）可知，科莫多巨蜥是由一群渔民偶然发现的。故选B项。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据第一段震动Komodo dragons have also been discovered on several neighboring islands.（在邻近的几个岛屿上也发现了科莫多巨蜥。）可知，在邻近科莫多岛的几个岛屿上也发现了科莫多巨蜥。故选B项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第二段中的A Swiss tourist who sat down to have a rest while the other people of his tour group went ahead was attacked and eaten by a dragon.（一名瑞士游客坐下来休息，而他的旅游团的其他人却继续前进，结果他被一条巨蜥攻击并吃掉了。）及but they will try to attack and get almost every other animal they can find（但它们会试图攻击几乎所有能找到的动物。）可知，巨蜥很危险，是因为如果它们发现人类，就会攻击并吃掉他们。故选C项。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的A Swiss tourist who sat down to have a rest while the other people of his tour group went ahead was attacked and eaten by a dragon.（一名瑞士游客坐下来休息，而他的旅游团的其他人却继续前进，结果他被一条巨蜥攻击并吃掉了。）及Most Komodo dragons prefer wild boar（野猪） or deer as their meals,but they will try to attack and get almost every other animal they can find,including other dragons.（大多数科莫多巨蜥喜欢野猪或鹿作为它们的食物，但它们会试图攻击几乎所有能找到的动物，包括其他巨蜥。）可知，科莫多巨蜥会吃鹿、人类和科莫多巨蜥，文章没提到它们会吃树。故选C项。
（5）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Though the Komodo dragons can see well,they do most of their hunting based on smell.（虽然科莫多巨蜥视力很好，但它们大部分的捕猎都是靠嗅觉。）可知，科莫多巨蜥用鼻子和眼睛一起捕猎。故选D项。
本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了科莫多巨蜥。
考查社会文化类阅读理解。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。
篇98(2021·天津市·期末考试)When nature lovers all over the world wish all humans to realize the importance of their natural surroundings, many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life.
Julie Aston, an Australian housewife in Brisbane, is one such example.Even though autumn is approaching Australia's Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming flowers in Julie's little garden as she tells that in her community,"Each of us has a beautiful yard.The whole community from children to elderly people takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden."
"Gardening is the most popular club in our community." she says."A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training.So you can see that flowers continue to blossom in our gardens throughout the year."
Talking about her people's sense of caring for the environment Julie says when people in the community take along their dog they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog's waste."In our community you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass." says Julie with a smile."Taking care of the dog's waste can also help to develop children's sense of responsibility!"
As to protecting water resources the Australian government has made strict rules for families.Julie says,"We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!" She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use including car washing and watering the garden.This year they also asked people to connect the water tank with their toilets.
(1) From the first three paragraphs we learn that ______ .
A. gardening is popular in most parts of Australia
B. April is a great time for people to enjoy flowers
C. it's not easy to keep a garden without proper training
D. Julie's community has a deep sense of caring for nature
(2) Why can flowers be seen all year round in Julie's community？ ______
A. Gardening lessons are often given by professors.
B. Families are taught how to take care of their gardens.
C. The local government provides free gardening training.
D. There is enough rainwater to water the flowers regularly.
(3) What do we know about Julie from the passage？ ______
A. She takes pride in her community.
B. She once stepped on a dog's waste.
C. She is quite in favor of raising a dog.
D. She finds it embarrassing to walk on the grass.
(4) From what Julie says in the last paragraph we know ______ .
A. rainwater is not the best resource
B. her community owns a public tank
C. her community makes full use of resources
D. it is not necessary to water flowers very often
(5) What would be the best title for the text？ ______
A. How Australians Save Resources
B. Love Nature, the Australian Way
C. How Australians Lead Their Life
D. Protect Nature, a Must of Life
【答案】D B A C B
【解析】
（1）D．推理判断题。根据第一段While nature lovers across the world wish all humans to realize the significance of their natural surroundings,many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life.他们不仅仅关注自然环境，而且他们把对环境的关心转移到了绿色健康的生活方式。说明他对自然的关爱有更深的理解。故D正确．
（2）B．细节理解题。根据第三段可知答案："Gardening is the most popular club in our community," she says. "A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training. So you can see that flowers continue to blossom in our gardens throughout the year."园艺是我们社区最受欢迎的俱乐部，"她说很多退休人员不仅定期组织园艺讲座，还亲自到社区家访，提供园艺培训。所以你可以看到我们的花园里一年四季鲜花不断。"可知很多退休人士组织园艺方面的专题讲座，并且进家入户提供培训，故B正确．
（3）A.推理判断题。根据文章第三段A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures,but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training,So you can see that flowers continue to bloom in our gardens throughout the year.很多退休老人不仅定期组织园艺讲座，还亲自到社区家访，提供园艺培训，可见我们的花园一年四季鲜花不断。"可知她对这个社区很自豪，主要是因为这个社区里的环保意识非常好．故A正确．
（4）C．推理判断题。根据文章最后3行She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater,which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use.They also connect the water tank with their toilets.她说，在她的社区里，几乎每个家庭都有一个巨大的水箱用来储存雨水，这些雨水后来被用作所有室外水源使用它们还要把水箱和厕所连接起来。可知他们利用雨水来进行浇灌，说明他们成分利用了自然资源。故C正确．
（5）B．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的澳大利亚人对自然的热爱，他们对自然的热爱已经成为一种生活方式了。故B正确．
本文属于社会文化类阅读。主要讲述的澳大利亚人对自然的热爱，他们对自然的热爱已经成为一种生活方式了，对自然的关爱有更深的理解。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
篇99(2023·天津市·期末考试) When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect (尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.
I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive (敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.
In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.
However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.
After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.
By Jack
(1) Jack brought the couple their food very fast because ______.
A. the manager asked him to do so
B. he respected the elderly
C. the couple wanted him to do so
D. he wanted more pay
(2) When Jack called the couple "elderly", they became ______.
A. nervous
B. satisfied
C. unhappy
D. excited
(3) In Jack's hometown, ______．
A. people dislike being called "old"
B. people are proud of being old
C. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty
D. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants
(4) After this experience, Jack ______.
A. lost his job in the restaurant
B. made friends with the couple
C. no longer respected the elderly
D. changed his way with older people
(5) Which of the following is TRUE
A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.
B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.
C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.
D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.
【答案】B C B D D
【解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了作者从中国搬到美国之后，因为“尊老”的观念和中美文化差异的不同，导致工作中产生了一些误会，之后作者改变了自己对待老人的方式。
1. 根据第二段中的I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly.（我告诉她我已经确保他们会很快得到食物，因为我总是尊重老人。）可知，故选B。
2. 根据第二段中的I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure.（我告诉她，我确保他们能很快拿到食物，因为我一向尊重老年人。我刚说完，她的脸上就露出非常不高兴的表情。）可知，听到Jack称他们为老人时，他们一点也不高兴。故选C。
3. 根据第三段中的In my village in China, people are proud of being old.（在我的中国家乡，人们以老为自豪。）可知，故选B。
4. 根据最后一段中的After that, I changed the way I had been with older people.（从那之后，我改变了对待老年人的方式。）可知，故选D。
5. 根据第二段After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.可知，这对夫妇听完我的解释，他们明白了问题在于文化差异，所以他们开怀大笑，不再生气。和最后一段After that, I changed the way I had been with older people.（之后，我改变了自己对待老人的方式。）可知，作者经过这次的事情，明白了中美文化的差异，对美国文化也更加了解了。故选D。
篇100(2023·天津市·期末考试)Many years ago，when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver，I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station（加油站）about 50 miles from Oklahoma City，where I was planning to stop and visit a friend.While I was standing in line at the cash register（收款台），I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off，but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station.They said they would take me to my friend's.We chatted on the way into the city，and when I got out of the car，the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me.Soon afterward，I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later，I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning.In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day，and the battery（电池）was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership — a shop selling cars — was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
"Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？" I asked and explained my trouble.They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.They would accept no payment，so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen.No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you，and it meant a lot，he said.
"Thank you" — two powerful words.They're easy to say and mean so much.
(1) The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City ______ .
A. to visit a friend
B. to see his parents
C. to pay at the cash register
D. to have more gas for his car
(2) The words "took off" underlined in Paragraph 2 mean " ______ ".
A. turned off
B. moved off
C. put up
D. set up
(3) What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car？ ______
A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.
D. He called his friend for help.
(4) The battery of the author's car was dead because ______ .
A. something went wrong with the lights
B. the meeting lasted a whole day
C. he forgot to turn off the lights
D. he drove too long a distance
(5) By telling his own experiences，the author tries to show ______ .
A. how to write a thank-you letter
B. how to deal with car problems
C. the kind-heartedness of older people
D. the importance of expressing thanks
【答案】A B C C D
【解析】
（1）A.细节理解题。从第一段的句子I stopped at a gas station（加油站） about 50 miles from Oklahoma City，where I was planning to stop and visit a friend.我在加油站停了下来（加油站） 离俄克拉荷马城大约50英里，我计划在那里停下来拜访一位朋友。可知作者是想去看个朋友，故选A。
（2）B.猜测词意题。根据后文but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car但当我的车尾冒出黑烟时，我只走了几英里。可知是作者把车开走了，故选B。
（3）C.细节理解题。从第二段的句子They said they would take me to my friend's.他们说要带我去朋友家。可知老夫妇主动提出帮助作者，故选C。
（4）C.细节理解题。从第四段的句子I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day，and the battery（电池） was dead.我回到车里，发现我整天开着灯，电池没电了。可知作者忘了关灯，导致电池用完，故选C。
（5）D.写作意图题。在文中作者讲述了两个故事，在每个故事的结尾都提到了对方因作者写的感谢信而受到感动，然后在文章末尾作者又用"Thank you"-two powerful words.They're easy to say and mean so much."谢谢"-两个强有力的词。它们很容易说，意义重大。进一步深化主题，由此判断作者的写作目的是向读者说明向别人表示感谢的重要性。故选D。
多年前，在我回去过圣诞节的路上车子出了故障，一对夫妇帮助了我，谢谢两个词意义重大。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
