人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 讲义

人教版八年级下册Unit2讲义
重点短语归纳：
动词不定式
1.动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
2.做主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。
It is +adj. for sb to do sth
3.表语：Our duty is to protect the environment.
4.动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例：Would you like to see my photos
Kevin planned to visit his uncle.
和plan用法一样的词还有：start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语)
5.宾语补足语：
(1) 在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。
例：I asked a friend to read it to me.
(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词 (see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, help等) 后不带to。
例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
6.定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例：I have something important to say.
7.形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。
例：We are very glad to meet you again.
8.状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。
例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.
9.“疑问词+不定式”用法：不定式前可带what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例：He didn’t tell me where to go.
二、重点短语归纳：
1.volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
2.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
3.cheer up (使)变得更高兴; (使)振奋起来
4..give out=hand out 分发;散发
5. put off 推迟;延迟/put up张贴；搭建；举起
put on穿上；上演/put down放下；写下
6.notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事(全过程；经常做)
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事(正在进行)
7. call up 打电话;征召
8. ask sb. to do sth.让/要求某人做某事
9. come up with 想出；提出
10.make plans to do sth.=plan to do sth.计划做某事
11. help out with sth. 帮助做某事
12. used to do sth.过去常做某事/didn’t use to do sth.过去不曾做某事
be used to doing sth习惯做某事
13.care for 照顾=look after=take care of /care about关心；在意
14.so +adj.+a/an+可数n.单数 如此……
=such +a/an+ adj+可数n.单数 如此……
15.how to do sth.如何做某事 what to do sth.做什么
16. a feeling of… 一种 ……的感觉
17.to one’s surprise令某人惊讶地是
18.the owner of+ n.…的主人
19. by oneself独自
20. at the age of 在......岁时
21.try out for…参加……选拔
22.go on 继续
e true 实现(放句末)
a dream come true 梦想成真
24.at the same time同时(放句末)
25.be busy with sth.忙于某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
26.be worried about+doing=worry about+doing 担心……
27.take after(外貌/行为)像/be similar to 与……相似(行为像)
28.give away捐赠；赠送/fix up 修理
29.write a letter to sb.=write to sb.写信给某人
30.give sth. to sb.=give sb. sth.把某物给某人
31.set up建立；设立
32.make it possible for sb. to do sth.
使做某事对某人来说有可能
33.make a difference to sb.对某人产生影响
34. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
35.have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
36.a friend of mine我的一位朋友
37.train sb. to do sth.训练某人做某事
38.be excited about doing sth.=be excited to do sth.对做某事感到兴奋
39.be able to do sth.能够做某事
40.at once 立刻；马上(放句末)
41.a photo of 一张……的照片
42.chage one’s life改变某人的生活
43. an old people’s home 养老院
44.run out of用完；耗尽
46.be good at =be strong in擅长于
47.be proud of因……而骄傲
48.would like to do sth.=want to do sth. 想做某事