综合检测(一)
Unit 1 A land of diversity
(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)Ⅰ.多项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．After the company ________ its rules and regulations，we find the business is really taking off.
A．informed B．reformed
C．restrained D．recovered
2．(2013·鞍山高二调研)The ________ of school leavers that go to university is about fifty percent.
A．degree B．percentage
C．level D．standard
3．The actress played ________ a very old woman，but in fact she is only a little over forty.
A．apparently B．evidently
C．obviously D．surely
4．That day the road was very icy.When I was approaching the school，I ________ and fell.
A．jumped B．slipped
C．ran D．rushed
5．The agreement the two companies reached yesterday indicated that they would ________ again.
A．look up B．turn up
C．team up D．pick up
6．(2013·承德高二质检)You can find a camping shop in the town that has tents for ________ at D|S10 a week.
A．hire B．sale
C．employ D．repair
7．If you can look through the text before class，you will find it easy to __________ what the teacher teaches.
A．take up B．take on
C．take in D．take off
8．________ the students in our school want to go abroad to study further in future.
A．A good many B．A great many of
C．A great deal of D．A lot of
9．Although his number one choice is Harvard，Jack ________ to several universities after he graduated from high school.
A．got B．adjusted
C．stuck D．applied
10．Even though she was supposed to live for only seventeen years，she has ________ until now healthily.
A．called on B．moved on
C．looked on D．lived on
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
Jaime Alfonso Escalante was considered one of the best teachers in the United States.He was born in 1930 in __11__.Both his parents were teachers.He __12__ math and science in his home country for 12 years.
In the 1960s，Jaime Escalante and his wife Fabiola came to the United States.__13__ the next several years，he learned to speak English and __14__ his college education and teacher __15__.In 1974，Mr.Escalante was __16__ at Garfield High School to teach mathematics.
The school was in a poor area of Los Angeles，California.Many of the students had __17__ problems with illegal drugs，gangs and __18__.The school was __19__ losing its official approval(批准，认可) to __20__.
Mr.Escalante's students were __21__ Mexican-Americans from a Spanish-speaking area of the city.Many were the worst students at the school and thought to be “unteachable”．But Mr.Escalante __22__ the group to work hard.He told them basic math was too easy and that they had the __23__ to do harder work.
Jaime Escalante started an advanced math __24__ with a small group of students.In 1982,18 of his students took the Advanced Placement test(跳级考试) and they all __25__.Mr.Escalante's students went on to become engineers，scientists and university professors.The advanced math program at Garfield became extremely successful over the next several years.
Jaime Escalante received many teaching __26__ including the Presidential Medal of Excellence in Education.A movie about his success，Stand and Deliver，was __27__ in 1988.It __28__ other teachers to use his __29__.
Jaime Escalante __30__ teaching in 1998 and later moved back to Bolivia with his wife.He died earlier last year.He was 79 years old.
11．A.the United States B．Bolivia
C．Mexico D．Spain
12．A.learned B．majored
C．taught D．researched
13．A.Between B．Among
C．During D．After
14．A.repeated B．completed
C．furthered D．continued
15．A.profession B．employment
C．training D．application
16．A.admitted B．invited
C．allowed D．hired
17．A.physical B．psychological
C．serious D．economic
18．A.value B．violence
C．intelligence D．loneliness
19．A.in case of B．in charge of
C．in honor of D．in danger of
20．A.manage B．operate
C．organize D．attend
21．A.mostly B．exactly
C．appropriately D．normally
22．A.suggested B．pushed
C．hoped D．supposed
23．A.talent B．ability
C．right D．opportunity
24．A.program B．lesson
C．research D．competition
25．A.failed B．completed
C．passed D．satisfied
26．A.fames B．awards
C．rewards D．achievements
27．A.sold B．published
C．released D．composed
28．A.expected B．motivated
C．impressed D．influenced
29．A.attitude B．morality
C．ability D．methods
30．A.recovered from B．returned from
C．retired from D．resigned from
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
(2013·四川高考)Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧). It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain, love，and some other experiences: We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here.
If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are.
There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays，and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at this table，I can see my favorite room in the house，my parents' room. It is simple：a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.
I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart，on a physical property(住宅) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew，and I learned.
Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home.
31．Why does the author call her parents' bed her “safe zone” (Paragraph 3) ?
A．It is her favorite place to play.
B．Her needs can be satisfied there.
C．Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.
D．Her parents always play together with her there.
32．What can be learned from the passage?
A．The old furniture is still in the author's first bedroom.
B．The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.
C．The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.
D．Many people of the author's age can still find their first physical homes.
33．Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will________.
A．open the window at night
B．lie down in bed to have a dream
C．try to bring back a sense of home
D．go to Los Angeles to visit her mom
34．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To express how much she is attached to her home.
B．To declare how much she loves her first house.
C．To describe the state of her family.
D．To look back on her childhood.
B
Farmers are being told more needs to be done to stop them injuring at work.One in five British workplace deaths happens in agriculture even though farmers are only a small part of the working population.During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.
Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23.“You don't realize how much you rely on your second arm until it's gone，”he said.He fell against a PTO shaft(传动轴)，a spinning metal bar at the back of a tractor.“It catapulted(猛力掷出) me from one side of the machine to the other，”he said.“I landed on the floor，minus all my clothing.My left arm had been ripped off.”He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard.“But again，”he added，“it was a rushed day.There were a few machines that didn't work.Also，I was getting behind with the jobs.”
Over the last 10 years，other industries that you'd think of as dangerous，like building or quarrying(矿采)，have lowered the number of workplace deaths and injuries.In the farming industry though，deaths remain high with 34 deaths in 2010/11.
Judith Hackitt，the chair of the Health and Safety Executive(HSE) says it is “not acceptable” that the accident statistics for farming are still high.“People in farming don't have minor(较小的) injuries.When they get injured，it's bad.”she said.“When I said to the National Farmers' Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture，it really made them sit up and take notice.”There's a whole host of reasons why farming is as dangerous as it is.It is a very rough industry.Also，it's often because people are left alone.They could be young and inexperienced，or older people，who would have retired maybe 5 or 10 years ago in other industries.
Jim wants others to learn from his experience.“Look at what you're doing before you go running in，”he said.“You could make a mistake that you'll live with for the rest of your life.”
35．Jim Chapman was injured in the workplace mainly because ________.
A．he crossed the machinery
B．the safety guard of the machinery was gone
C．he was standing at the back of the tractor
D．he didn't notice the PTO shaft
36．In British farming industry，________.
A．farmers take up a large part of working population
B．the number of injuries is bigger than what the public know
C．old machinery was not replaced in time
D．being a farmer is the most dangerous
37．Judith thought ________ were (was) not acceptable.
A．the injuries of farmers
B．the high deaths for farming
C．her son's hope to work in agriculture
D．farmers' retiring 5 or 10 years later
38．From the whole text，we can see that Jim feels ________.
A．regretful B．angry
C．shocked D．confused
C
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone.We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side，or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries，curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War Ⅱ and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that“Gift” means poison in German.Moreover，we like to think of ourselves as friendly，yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others.Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch，which makes Americans uncomfortable.
Our linguistic(语言的)and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes，gestures，customs and languages of other countries，are losing our friends，business and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States，we make few concessions(让步) to the needs of foreign visitors.There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments；we do not have multilingual (多语的) guided tours.Very few restaurant menus have translations，and multilingual waiters，bank clerks and policemen are rare.Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
When we go abroad，we tend to stay in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken.The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English.Our business dealings，as well as the nation's diplomacy (外交)，are conducted through interpreters.
For many years，America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance.After all，America was the most powerful country of the free world，the distributor(分发者)of needed funds and goods.
But all that is past.American dollars no longer buy all good things，and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing.A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century，even though it may not always be the upper hand.
39．It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably________.
A．stand still B．jump aside
C．step forward D．draw back
40．In countries other than their own，most Americans ________.
A．are isolated by the local people
B．are not well informed due to the language barrier
C．tend to get along well with the natives
D．need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
41．According to the author，Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will________.
A．affect their image in the new era
B．cut themselves off from the outside world
C．limit their role in world affairs
D．weaken the position of the US dollar
42．The author intends to make Americans realize that it is ________.
A．dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B．important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C．necessary to use several languages in public places
D．time to get familiar with other cultures
D
We're in the middle of winter.It's cold and we're suffering from cold wind and rain.The sun，even when it does show its face，is setting at 4 p．m.It's no wonder people in the street look sad.
But according to most of the research on the connection between weather and mood(情绪)，they shouldn't be.Weather has little effect on mood.
When you tell people this，though，they don't believe it.Most of us think the weather has quite a strong effect on our mood.Many think that the rain and cold weather dejects us and the sun and warmth cheers us up.
So why don't we see this effect in the research？That's the question a new study by Klimstra et al.tries to answer with a group of young people and their mothers.In fact，Klimstra et al.found four different groups：
1．Unaffected：about half the people in their study fell into this group.For these people it didn't matter that much whether it was raining or sunny，hot or cold，their mood was mostly unaffected.
2．Summer lovers：here's the group you'd expect.For these people，their mood improved with less rain，more sun and higher temperatures(15% of young people and 30% of their mothers)．
3．Summer haters：here's the group of people you hear less about.These were the exact opposite of the summer lovers so they were happier when there was more rain，less sun and lower temperatures (27% of the young people and 12% of their mothers)．
4．Rain haters：this group's mood didn't change with the temperature，sunshine or the wind；they just hated the rain(8% of young people and 12% of their mothers)．
This helps explain why studies keep finding that weather doesn't have much effect on mood：it's because we're different and these differences are mostly being averaged out.
43. It's found in the study that ________.
A．weather has a strong effect on mood
B．cold wind and rain makes us look sad
C．the sun and warmth cheers us up
D．mood is little affected by weather
44. In which group people like dry and hot weather?
A．Unaffected. B．Summer lovers.
C．Summer haters. D．Rain haters.
45．From the four different groups we can learn ________.
A．about half the people belong to summer lovers
B．more than one third of the people are summer haters
C．few of young people and their mothers like the rain
D．more young people are unaffected than rain haters
46．What is the BEST title for the passage?
A．Does the weather really affect your mood?
B．Why do people feel sad in cold winter?
C．How many different groups are there?
D．Do different people have different mood?
E
(2013·重庆高考)It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.
Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.
47．The author mentions Dr. Johnson's comment to show that________.
A．most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson
B．Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observation
C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
D．English conversations usually start with the weather
48．What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?
A．A social trend.
B．An emotional state.
C．A historical concept.
D．An unknown phenomenon.
49．According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that________.
A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B．there is nothing special about the English weather
C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
50．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To explain what English weather-speak is about.
B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.
C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
Ⅳ.完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
51．An idea occured to me ________________ to finish the task.(team)
我忽然想到了一个主意，我可以找一个同学来完成这项任务。
52．They listened to my lecture，but ________________？(take)
他们听了我的课，但他们又理解了多少呢？
53．In view of the global financial crisis，every possible means ________________ to stimulate the economic development in China.(try)
由于全球金融危机，中国已经采取每一个可能的方法来刺激经济的发展。
54．In many places in China，the bicycle is still ________________.(means)
在中国的许多地方自行车仍是一种受欢迎的交通方式。
55．He is said ________________ a gold medal.(win)
据说他已赢得了一块金牌。
56．Older Americans are using the Internet ________________ the world and the people who are important to them.(keep)
美国年长人士正通过互联网与外界及对于他们来说重要的人保持联系。
57．________________ from her face that she was lying.(apparent)
从她脸上明显看出她在撒谎。
58．________________ he is in trouble now.(be)
很可能他现在遇到麻烦了。
59．________________ quite well in the important exam，he came back home，relaxed and smiling.(do)
在那次重要考试中考得很好，他轻松微笑着回了家。
60．Nowhere else along the coast ________________ so far from land.(be)
沿海没有其他地方存在着这样离陆地如此远的浅滩。
Ⅴ.短文写作(满分30分)
近几年，中国的文化和其他国家的文化呈现融合的趋势。西方国家的快餐、节日等在中国越来越受欢迎。一些人认为，吸收和借鉴不同文化的优点，可使我们自身的文化更健康地发展。另一些人则认为可能会造成人们价值观念混乱，影响我们正常的社会秩序；并且不同文化的缺点会影响我们优秀的文化，使我们的优秀文化传统受到冲击。请根据上述要点，简单介绍一下社会上的观点，并发表自己的看法。
注意：1.词数：120左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：maintain保持；virtue美德；harmonious融洽的
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综合检测(一)
1．B 句意：公司改革规章制度之后，我们发现生意真的是在飞速发展。reform“改革”；符合句意。
2．B 考查名词辨析。percentage百分率；degree学位，度数；level层次，水平；standard标准。
3．A 句意：那位女演员扮演了一个外表很老的妇女，但实际上她只有四十岁多一点。apparently“外表上地”，符合句意。evidently“显然地，明显地”；obviously“明显地，显然地”；surely“确实，无疑”。
4．B 句意：那天路上非常滑。我快到学校时滑了一下，摔倒了。slip“滑跤，滑倒”，符合句意。jump“跳跃”；run“跑”；rush“冲，闯”。
5．C 句意：这两家公司昨天达成的协议表明他们将再次合作。team up“合作”，符合句意。look up“查询”；turn up“出现，调大”；pick up“拾起，(偶然)学会”。
6．A 句意：你可以在城里找到一家野营商店，帐篷以每周10美元的价格出租。hire“租用，雇用”，符合句意。sale“出售”，与D|S10 a week不符；employ“雇用”，指人；repair“修理，维修”。
7．C 句意：如果你能在课前将文章浏览一遍，你会发现老师讲的内容很容易理解。take in“吸收，理解”，符合句意。take up“占用”；take on“雇用，呈现出”；take off“脱下，起飞，成名”。
8．B 句意：我们学校的许多学生想以后到国外深造。students前有定冠词the，可以排除A、D两项；a great deal of修饰不可数名词，所以排除C项。
9．D 句意：尽管杰克最想去哈佛，但高中毕业后他申请了好几所大学。apply “申请”，符合句意。get“到达”；adjust“调整，适应”；stick“坚持”。
10．D 考查动词短语。live on “继续生存”，符合句意。call on “拜访”；move on“继续移动，往前走”；look on “旁观”。
语篇解读：Jaime Alfonso Escalante生于玻利维亚的教师之家。他迁居美国后再次接受教师培训，受聘于加利福尼亚州的Garfield中学。他教育问题学生的策略是鼓励学生树立自信。他因出色的教育成就获得“总统卓越教育勋章”。电影《为人师表》就是根据他的事迹拍摄的。
11．B 他于1930年生于玻利维亚。根据文章末尾Escalante退休后返回Bolivia判断。
12．C 他已经在玻利维亚教了12年书了。
13．C 在接下来的几年里，他学会了说英语，再次读大学并接受教师培训。between指两者之间，among为多者之间，during为一段时间期间，after为某时间段或时间点之后。根据语境，C项正确。
14．A 根据前文判断，他已经开始做教师工作了，但来到美国之后，他的教师资格需得到美国的认证。因此是重新又进行了一遍大学教育和教师培训。
15．C 见第14题。根据下文受雇于Garfield中学任教这一事实判断，他接受了教师培训。profession专业；employment就业；application申请，与语意不符。
16．D 他于1974年被Garfield中学聘用当数学老师。admit允许；invite邀请；allow许可，与语境不符。
17．C 他的很多学生存在吸毒、团伙犯罪和暴力等严重问题。physical体力的；psychological心理的；economic经济的，与语境不符。
18．B 根据下文可知，这些学生还存在暴力犯罪的倾向。
19．D Garfield中学面临被取消办学资格的危险。in danger of面临危险。in case of以防；in charge of负责；in honor of纪念。根据语境，D项正确。
20．B manage经营，侧重于商业管理；organize组织，侧重于活动的组办；attend参与，指在其中发挥作用。operate运行，指为任何实体的发展所做的工作。根据语境，B项正确。
21．A 根据students判断，本句与学生数量有关。大部分学生是墨西哥裔美国人，来自该市的一个西班牙语为主的居民区。mostly大多数地；exactly精确地；appropriately适当地；normally正常地。
22．B 他激励学生们努力学习。push sb.to do sth.催促/鼓励某人做某事。
23．B 他告诉学生们他们有能力更加刻苦地学习。talent天赋；right权利；opportunity机会，与语境不符。
24．A 根据下文可知，这是他开始尝试的一个教学项目。
25．C 1982年，他的18位学生参加高等跳级考试，全部通过。根据下文这些同学的发展情况判断，他们都通过了跳级考试，说明了Escalante的教学实验是成功的。
26．B Escalante获得了包括“总统卓越教育勋章”在内的很多荣誉。fame名声，名誉；award荣誉，奖；reward报酬；achievement成就。根据语境判断，B项正确。
27．C 1988年，讲述他成功故事的电影《为人师表》开始发行。release发布、发行，主要指唱片、影视、新闻、新书等的发布或发行。
28．D 这部电影影响了其他教师来应用他的教学方法。expect期望，move使感动，impress给……留下印象，与语意不符。
29．D 见第18题。根据语境分析，Escalante的教学成就得益于他的正确的方法，本题与attitude(态度)，morality(道德)，ability(能力)无关。
30．C 根据后面的moved back to Bolivia判断，他于1998年退休。recover from从……恢复过来；return from从……返回；retire from从……岗位退休；resign from从……工作辞职。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。全文记叙了作者对家的怀念和依恋。
31．B 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime—waking...until the morning.可知，她的需要能在那儿得到满足，所以B项符合题意。A、D两项文中都没提到，而C项只是对房间摆设的介绍，而不是题干的原因，所以这三项均可排除。
32．B 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到，作者回到了她的第一个家，以及倒数第二段中的．..on a physical property(住宅) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.可知，作者现在仍然能够参观她在洛杉矶的第一个家，故B项正确。由第二段的最后两句可知，作者的第一个卧室里面空了，所以A项错误；由第三段中的If I sit at this table，I can see my favorite room in the house，my parents' room.可知，作者最喜欢的房间是父母的房间，而不是餐厅，故C项错误；D项文中没有提及。
33．C 细节理解题。由最后一段可知，当作者感到迷茫的时候，她会躺下，闭上眼睛，然后想象着回家的情景。所以C项“尽量找回一种家的感觉”符合题意。A项只是作者想象情景中的一个片段；B项“躺在床上做一个梦”，其实作者并不是真的做梦；D项“去洛杉矶看她的妈妈”文中没有提及。
34．A 推理判断题。通读全文可知作者写本文的目的是想表达自己对家的依恋之情。而B、C、D三项只是对文章内容的表述，不是写本文的目的。故选A项。
35．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard.”可判断Jim Chapman受伤是因为机器的防护装置的脱落，故选B项。
36．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.”可推断英国农民实际受伤人数比所报道的受伤人数要多，故选B项。
37．B 细节理解题。根据第四段“When I said to the National Farmers' Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture”可知Judith不会让她儿子从事农业方面的工作，故选B项。
38．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段Jim的讲话可推断他为自己的受伤感到遗憾。故选A项。
语篇解读：美国文化使美国人认为他们的语言是普遍的，而且他们用的手势也是人人都能理解的。然而，事实真的如此吗？
39．D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后两句可知，美国人喜欢与人保持一定的距离，所以，当中东人靠近美国人的时候，美国人很有可能向后退。
40．B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的内容可知，大部分美国人走出国门后都有语言交流的障碍。故选B。
41．C 推理判断题。由最后两段内容可推知，美国人这种以自己的文化为中心的态度以及对其他语言的忽视会限制他们在世界上的地位，由此可知C项正确。
42．D 写作意图题。最后两段作者得出结论，美国人以自己的文化为中心，在过去这样还过得去，但现在已经不同于过去了，要想在世界上担当重要角色就不能再这样了，故作者写这篇文章是想让美国人认识到，以自己的文化为中心是不行的，要想在世界上立足，得熟悉其他国家的文化，由此可知选D。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。根据多数关于天气与心情的关系的研究结果可知，天气对心情影响不大。不过人们并不相信这些。这是为什么呢？再次研究发现：因为天气对心情的影响其实是因人而异的，而这样的差异几乎是平均分配的。
43．D 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，天气对心情影响不大。故答案为D。
44．B 细节理解题。根据第二组可知，少一些雨，多一点阳光以及更高的温度会让他们心情更佳。故答案为B。
45．D 细节理解题。根据第一组和第四组进行比较可知，属于无影响组的青少年比厌雨组的青少年要多的多。其他选项与文章内容不相符。
46．A 主旨大意题。文章主要在说天气对心情影响不大，不过人们并不相信。再次的研究还是证明了这一点。故答案为A。其他选项与文章主旨不相符。
语篇解读：本文为一篇议论文。由于英格兰的天气是多变的，所以英国人谈论天气被认为是见面或者搭讪的合理开场白是再熟悉不过的了，本文就此从不同的角度进行了解释。
47．D 推理判断题。本文第一句话就给出了答案，作者提到Dr.Johnson的评论旨在说明英国人见面总是以谈论天气开始，故答案为D项。
48．B 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话“……那些不常见、难以预料的天气在不列颠群岛几乎是不被人知道的”可知，英国的天气根本不令人兴奋，随之而来的一种情绪也是几乎不能被理解的。obsession可以理解成是一种谈论天气的“强迫症”，故它是一种情绪的状态，所以答案为B项。
49．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Jeremy所说的话可知，他反驳Bryson的观点，他认为英格兰的天气是多变而又不确定的，这吸引着英国人和外来者，所以答案为D项。
50．A 作者意图判断题。根据第一段的介绍和最后一段的总结可知，本文主要是解析英国人的weather-speak到底是关于什么的。所以答案为A项。B、C两项陈述有误，D项“使人们信服英国的天气是多变的”不是文章的主要谈论内容。
51．that I could team up with a classmate 52.how much did they take in 53.has been tried 54.a popular means of transportation 55.to have won 56.to keep up with 57.It was apparent 58.It is likely that
59．Having done 60.is there such shallow water
【参考范文】
In recent years，fast food and festivals in western countries have been more and more popular with us Chinese people.
Some people think the phenomenon is good for the development of our culture.We can absorb and make the most of the good points existing in the western cultures.Only when we hold this attitude can we develop our culture more healthily.
But others think the diversity of the cultures will make people's values confused.As a result，the normal order of our society will be affected.Meanwhile，our own outstanding traditions will be greatly influenced.
In my opinion，we should respect and understand other countries' different traditions.Besides，we should strengthen the education of the public，especially the younger generation.Therefore，we can maintain our own virtues，and accept the others' good points.Then we can create a harmonious society.
新课标 选修8 英语(湖北专用)
Unit 1 A land of diversity
课时作业(一) Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There is a ________ (明显) improvement in your spoken English.
2．Scientists are working to find a ________ (方法) of storing this type of power.
3．He ________ (决定) that he should become a doctor.
4．How long can the present business ________ (繁荣) last?
5．The ________ (多数) of his books are kept upstairs.
6．My mother suffered all kinds of ________ (艰难) throughout her life.
7．A large ________ (比例) of school-books now have pictures.
8．Switzerland is a ________ (联邦) republic.
9．All ________ (飞行器) must fuel before a long flight.
10．The Bering ________ (海峡) separates Asia and America.
Ⅱ.多项选择
1．Despite many of the possible difficulties，they went to the West and decided to________there.
A．make lives B．make a life
C．make living D．make life
2．(2013·武汉高二调研)In 2008，Obama was________the first black president in the American history.
A．chosen B．elected
C．selected D．picked
3．With all these disasters happening in our country this year，we're not discouraged and our spirits________well.
A．keep up B．go up
C．hold up D．pick up
4．Independent innovation(创新)has brought us a ________ in profits,40% higher than in the traditional way.
A．boom B．failure
C．decrease D．suffering
5．(2013·商丘高二检测)In my opinion，this can be done by________of electricity.
A．way B．method
C．mean D．means
6．________passengers survived in the traffic accident except a woman and two children.
A．The most B．Majority of the
C．Most the D．The majority of the
7．(2013·石家庄高二检测)The earth's shadow on the moon was quite________.
A．distant B．distinct
C．domestic D．distinctive
8．Can you tell us how the old customs________for so long?
A．lived up B．lived through
C．lived with D．lived on
9．Different nations have different cultures，so we should get a thorough understanding about the cultural________.
A．obesity B．various
C．consequence D．diversity
10．The player was ________ to win the 110 meter hurdles，but he fell to the ground and missed the chance.
A．possible B．probable
C．likely D．maybe
Ⅲ.完形填空
During the summer break after my first year in college，I worked part-time at a tourist shop in Hawaii.One morning，a bright-eyed boy of around ten years old __1__ into the shop and asked if we sold coconuts(椰子)．It took me a(n) __2__ to recall we still had coconuts.I __3__ him to the last two coconuts we had and helped him grab __4__.The little boy was very happy.He explained that he __5__ wanted a coconut from Hawaii and that he couldn't __6__ one anywhere before he left.
I was very __7__ I could help him because I personally knew small mementos(纪念品)can __8__ a lot on trips to faraway places.When he __9__ how much it was，I told him the price.The __10__ of sadness on his face broke my heart.He held out a ten-dollar bill and __11__ that was all he had to buy it with.I didn't want to be the kind of __12__ who wouldn't give a helping hand, __13__ I said that I would cover it and told him not to worry about it.I __14__ the coconut into a bag for him.He ran out of the __15__ so excited that I couldn't help but feel __16__ myself.
At the time，I did another part-time job and was trying to __17__ every penny I could for __18__.But despite my own goals of frugality(节俭)，I knew that I made the right __19__.I remembered times when someone helped me cover costs and how grateful I was.I'm truly glad that I __20__him and hope that he will help someone like that in the future.
1．A.broke B．looked
C．crashed D．rushed
2．A.moment B．hour
C．day D．week
3．A.followed B．took
C．pushed D．called
4．A.a bag B．a chance
C．one D．both
5．A.surely B．exactly
C．suddenly D．really
6．A.make B．pick
C．find D．eat
7．A.ashamed B．careful
C．puzzled D．happy
8．A.bring B．spend
C．mean D．cost
9．A.imagined B．asked
C．guessed D．thought
10．A.look B．skin
C．sign D．mark
11．A.warned B．explained
C．shouted D．begged
12．A.buyer B．stranger
C．person D．waiter
13．A.for B．so
C．but D．or
14．A.put B．kicked
C．threw D．moved
15．A.office B．hotel
C．house D．store
16．A.satisfied with B．disappointed in
C．sorry for D．grateful to
17．A.borrow B．save
C．discover D．waste
18．A.college B．marriage
C．work D．family
19．A.plan B．invention
C．choice D．action
20．A.stopped B．recognized
C．refused D．helped
Ⅳ.阅读理解
The first big wave of Chinese immigration to America came when gold was discovered in California in 1848.The Chinese called the new land“Mountain of Gold”．Those who did not become miners found work in railroad construction，farming and light industries，doing low paid jobs.By the 1880s，American industrialization brought changing economic realities，resulting in an explosion of resentment (仇恨) toward the Chinese laborers.They were accused of taking jobs away from the white men.The government issued Exclusion Acts(《排外法案》)to stop the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States.Many workers fled from the concentrated Chinese communities in the West and then went to the Mid?west and the East.As in California，they formed small pockets of Chinese culture that were known as “Chinatowns”．
New York's Chinatown was created by men such as the Chinese laborers.Sociologists call them “sojourners”—foreigners in the United States，keeping to their cultural traditions，living in the larger society in which they existed.The sojourners came to America for the promise of supporting his family in China，where he expected to return one day.Those who did stay lived separately from the society.So they remained in Chinatown，an enclosed community holding on to traditions among the tides of change.
1．What does the underlined word “issued” mean?
A．brought out B．meant to
C．made a life D．mixed with
2．Before the Exclusion Acts，most of the Chinese in the United States lived________.
A．in the West B．in the East
C．in the Mid?west D．in the Mid?east
3．According to the passage，Chinese immigrants________.
A．lost their hopes of returning to their country
B．tried to find a place in the larger society
C．went on with their own traditions in spite of social changes
D．were free to take whatever jobs they like
4．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Chinatowns experienced great changes after gold was discovered in 1848.
B．Exclusion Acts brought great sufferings to the Chinese laborers.
C．Chinese laborers were cruelly exploited by the white people.
D．Chinese immigration to America resulted in the forming of Chinatowns.
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.1.distinct 2.means 3.elected 4.boom
5．majority 6.hardships 7.percentage 8.federal 9.aircraft 10.Strait
Ⅱ.1.B 句意：尽管可能有很多困难，他们还是到了西部，并决定习惯那里的生活。make a life“习惯于新的生活方式、工作等”，符合句意。其余各项搭配不正确。
2．B 句意：2008年奥巴马被选举为美国历史上第一位黑人总统。elect“选举”，符合句意。choose“(一般地)选择”；select“精选，仔细挑选”；pick“(强调)挑出”。
3．A 句意：今年我们国家发生了这么多灾难，但我们没有气馁，而是继续保持斗志。keep up“继续保持”，符合句意。go up上升；hold up支撑，耽搁；pick up捡起，接收。
4．A 考查名词词义。boom 繁荣；failure失败；decrease减少；suffering痛苦。由句意可知A项正确。
5．D by means of 用……方法(手段)；by way of经由，取道。没有by mean of这种形式。
6．D 句意：除了一个妇女和两个儿童外，大部分乘客都在那场交通事故中幸存了下来。表示“……中的大多数”时用“most of the＋n.”或“the majority of/a majority of/most＋n.”。
7.B 句意：月球上的地球阴影是十分清晰的。distant遥远的；distinct清晰的；domestic国内的，家里的；distinctive与众不同的。
8．D live up后加to表示“达到，符合，不辜负”；live through 经历；live with＝live together 在一起生活；live on 继续存在，靠……生活。句意：你能告诉我们这些古老的风俗是怎样存在这么久的吗？
9．D 句意：不同的国家有不同的文化，所以我们应该对文化的多样性有一个全面的了解。obesity肥胖；various各种各样的；consequence结果，后果；diversity多样性。根据句意选D。
10．C “sb./sth.＋be likely to do...”表示“……很可能做……”。句意：这个运动员原本很可能赢得110米栏比赛，但是他摔倒了，错过了这次机会。
Ⅲ.语篇解读：文章讲述了作者暑假在夏威夷一家旅游店做兼职工作时发生的一个故事。一个小孩子想买一个椰子，但是身上的钱少了，于是作者帮助他买了一个椰子。
1．D 后面提到这个男孩跑了很多商店都未看到椰子，而他自己很想买一个椰子，因此这里指他的心情非常急切(rush)。
2．A 作者想了一会儿才想起商店里还有椰子。
3．B take在这里是“带领”的意思。
4．C 根据下文的“wanted a coconut from Hawaii”可知这个男孩是想买一个椰子，因此用one。
5．D really在这里形容小男孩非常想买椰子的心情。
6．C 指小男孩在其他的地方找不到夏威夷的椰子，而在这个商店找到了。
7．D 根据生活常识可知作者当时能够帮助小男孩实现买到椰子的愿望，当然会感到很高兴了。
8．C 根据常识可知在外地能够买到自己很想买到的纪念品对于一个人来说有很大的意义。
9．B 这里是指小男孩询问椰子的价钱是多少。
10．A 注意此句的“sadness on his face”是解题的关键。look这里是指“小男孩的面目表情”。
11．B 根据下句可知小男孩在向作者解释(explain)自己面临的尴尬，即他身上买椰子的钱不够。
12．C 指作者不想成为不去帮助别人的人(person)。
13．B “我不想成为不去帮助别人的人”和“我说我为他付其余的钱”是一种因果关系，因此答案是B。
14．A put...into把某物放到某处。这里是指作者为小男孩把椰子放在袋子里面。
15．D 因为故事发生在商店，小男孩买好东西后自然地就会离开商店(store)了。
16．A 因为作者帮助了这个小男孩，因此他对自己感到很满意(satisfied with)。
17．B 因为作者是在上大学，因此做兼职工作是为了大学的费用而省钱(save)。
18．A 文章第一句的“During the summer break after my first year in college”就提到作者在读大学。
19．C 作者在尽力为大学费用节省钱，虽然这次为小男孩付了一些钱，但是作者觉得自己作出的选择没有错。
20．D 作者为小男孩付椰子的钱是帮助他，因此答案是D。
Ⅳ.1.A 词义理解题。从The government...的宾语Exclusion Acts(《排外法案》)和不定式“to stop the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States”看出，此处表示出台一项法案。bring out“使显示，出版，生产”。
2．A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Many workers fled from the concentrated Chinese communities in the West and then went to the Mid?west and the East.”推出，在法案公布之前，他们大多数住在西部。
3．C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的“foreigners in the United States，keeping to their cultural traditions，living in the larger society in which they existed.”看出，他们继续保持自己的传统。
4．D 主旨大意题。从第一段的最后一句和第二段看出，本文是在讨论Chinatowns的形式。
课时作业(二) Using Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The snow always ________ (标示) the coming of winter.
2．He ________ (滑倒) and fell down the stairs.
3．No ordinary families can afford to ________ (雇用) servants.
4．There's ________ (无处) else I really want to go.
5．She assisted her husband to escape ________ (处罚) for the crime.
6．The ________ (改革) have gone through in spite of opposition from teachers.
7．It soon became ________ (明显) that the company was losing money.
8．Farmers drove ________ (牛) along major roads as a protest against high taxes.
9．We have been denied ________ (公平) for too long.
10．The English translation is ________ (插入) between the lines of the text.
Ⅱ.多项选择
1．Another terrible earthquake________in Japan on April 7,2011.
A．occurred B．was happened
C．had taken place D．breaks out
2．(2013·咸宁高二检测)Peter has been out of work for half a year，so he wants to________a job in this company.
A．prepare for B．apply for
C．superior to D．object to
3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.
A．others B．either
C．another D．both
4．There are________wonderful books and I don't know which to choose.Which of the following is WRONG?
A．a great many of B．a great many
C．lots of D．plenty of
5．Many streets in this city have been ________for cultural protection.
A．stretched out B．marked out
C．left out D．stood out
6．(2013·抚顺高二检测)His words________that he was not satisfied with your work.
A．advised B．wished
C．insisted D．indicated
7．It is________to me that he is against the plan.
A．apparent B．convenient
C．available D．dependent
8．You can________another classmate if you want.
A．get along with B．catch up with
C．team up with D．put up with
9．(2013·南昌高二检测)This year，he wants to________a flat near his company.
A．hire B．rent
C．take D．employ
10．These teenagers don't know much of the world yet.That's why they were so easily________.
A．taken in B．taken up
C．taken on D．taken off
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Miami has worn many tags(标签) through the past decades.But art was never high on the list.But，in 2002，Art Basel made Miami Beach its American home，bringing with it an international scene of lots of art dealers，collectors，critics and art lovers.This art fair lasts less than a week a year but it is one of the biggest in the world.
“Art Basel gave Miami the power to believe in itself，and that's always a problem with regional(地方性的) art places，”said Mera Rubell，a Miami collector who，along with her husband，Don，owns the Rubell Family Collection.“The influence that it has all year round is really quite great.”
Art Basel has little to do with local galleries(美术馆)．Just 3 of the 260 galleries invited this year are from Miami，and only a handful of local artists are showing in the fair，which begins on Thursday.
But since Art Basel started 10 years ago，dozens of new galleries have opened，and scores of artists have moved here，attracted by the low rents and，partly，by Art Basel itself.The fair gives artists，collectors and gallery owners a rare chance to see world-class art but，more important，to learn from the leading players of the international art world.
The artist Christy Gast said she moved here in 2008 partly because the yearly art fair made the city seem like one of the rare places an artist could succeed in.“From the outside，Basel has created the idea that Miami is a city where being an artist is a right thing to do，”said Ms.Gast.The city，for its part，has used Art Basel to show the world that it is no cultural backwater(闭塞的地方)．
Along with galleries and artists，Miami's stock of private art collectors has also risen in the last decade.
1．According to the passage，Art Basel of Miami ________.
A．used to be very famous in the world
B．started in 2002 at Miami Beach
C．is the biggest art fair in the world
D．takes place every two years
2．What is the problem with a regional art place?
A．Not believing in itself.
B．Not lasting very long.
C．The little influence.
D．No enough local artists.
3．What is the main reason why many artists have moved to Miami from other places?
A．Art Basel has a lot to do with local galleries.
B．Most of the local artists can attend Art Basel.
C．They are attracted by the low rents in Miami.
D．They can learn from the world-class artists.
4．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．Miami has become an art city now
B．Art Basel is one of the biggest art fairs
C．Miami has a great influence on art
D．artists in Miami are realizing their dreams
B
Just a little walk in the city of New York or Chicago，for example，would make any foreigner realize the presence of people of various races walking down the street: probably blacks，African Americans，Spanish，Asians，and so on.Or for another example，on school campuses in America，both the teachers and the students usually consist of people from a number of countries rather than only one.
Indeed，the variety of ethnicity (种族渊源) in America is often claimed to be the best mix in the world.That's why the famous term “melting pot” arises.Its basic idea presents the whole nation as one large pot.Anyone who enters the United States is automatically thrown into this “pot”．All the cultural aspects that one brings into are mixed together，or melted，to form a new culture.
In comparison with the “melting pot” theory，there is a “salad bowl” theory.This idea shows a completely separate view that newcomers bring different cultures，where each of these cultures is kept as an essential part to make up the whole.Every distinctive culture or belief is considered to be one of the tastes or ingredients (成分) that contribute to forming the whole.Therefore，its original shape and characteristics are maintained.
The ideas，of the “melting pot” and the “salad bowl”in America both show an ideal to many people and are often admired.Having a close look at the reality of the country，such as the existing ethnic segregation (分离)，the fact of the white population fleeing from the minority，and the trend of the minority group forming their own group，one can see that the “melting pot” theory is merely a myth.Despite its long fame，it is more suitable to label America as a “salad bowl”．
5．What would be the BEST title for the passage?
A．America：“melting pot” or “salad bowl”？
B．Why many people come to America?
C．The development of American culture
D．The ways to adapt to American life
6．The purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us the fact that________.
A．a foreigner is likely to experience culture shock in America
B．America is a country of a wide variety of ethnic minorities
C．people of various races live in big cities in America
D．it's easy for a foreigner to stand out in America
7．According to the “melting pot” theory，people who enter the United States________.
A．are eager to change the new culture
B．can adapt to the new culture more easily
C．try to prove the importance of their culture
D．lose their own identities to form a new culture
8．We can learn from the last paragraph that different ethnic minorities in America________.
A．are completely equal in society
B．tend to live segregated
C．strictly keep their own cultures
D．have mixed together
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.1.indicates 2.slipped 3.hire 4.nowhere
5．punishment 6.reforms 7.apparent 8.cattle
9．justice 10.inserted
Ⅱ.1.A 地震发生在2011年4月7号，故选用一般过去时态，排除C、D两项；happen为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除B项，所以只能选A。
2．B 句意：彼得失业已有半年了，因此他想在这家公司申请一个职位。prepare for意为“准备”；superior to是形容词短语，意为“比……优越”；object to意为“反对”。只有apply for“申请”符合本题要求。
3．D 题干的意思是：“这是一个二选一的情况——我们要么今年买一辆新车要么去度假，但是鱼和熊掌不可兼得。”分析题意可知，这是在两者之间进行选择，所以排除A、C两项。both“两者都”；either“(两者中的)任何一个”。根据句意知应选D项。此处not...both实际上是部分否定。
4．A wonderful books前面没有限定词，故a great many后不需介词of。
5．B 句意：为了进行人文保护，这个城市画线标出了许多条街道。mark out画线标出，符合句意。stretch out伸出；leave out省去；stand out引人注目。
6．D 句意：他的话表明他对你的工作不满意。indicate在此作“表明；表示”讲。advise“建议”，wish“希望”和insist“坚决要求”都同句子的意思不符合。
7．A 句意：我知道他反对这个计划。convenient“方便的”，available“可得到的，可用的”和dependent“依靠的”都不符合句意。
8．C 句意：如果你愿意，你可以跟你的另外一个同学合作。get along with“与……相处”，catch up with“赶上”和put up with“容忍”都与句意不符合。
9．B 句意：今年他想在他的公司附近租一套房子。表示“长时间租用某物”时，常用rent。又如：rent a house/holiday cottage租房子/度假小屋。表示“雇用某人”时或短期“租用，租借”某物时，常用hire。employ表示“雇用”，宾语只能是人。故选B。
10．A 句意：这些十几岁的孩子们对外界了解还不多，那就是为什么他们容易受骗的原因。take sb.in欺骗某人；take up从事，占用(时间、空间)；take on雇用，显现；take off起飞，脱掉。
Ⅲ.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。迈阿密是一个有着众多标签的城市，以前艺术总是与迈阿密无缘，但2002年Basel艺术节开始在迈阿密海滩举办以来，这里已经成为世界最大的艺术中心之一。它之所以能吸引世界各地的艺术家们来此的主要原因是：Basel艺术节给了艺术家、收藏者们以及艺术馆主人们一个宝贵的机会去接触世界级的艺术品，更给了他们一个与世界顶尖艺术大师学习的机会。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，2002年，Basel艺术节开始在迈阿密海滩举办，给这里带来了国际化的艺术氛围。大量的艺术品交易商、收藏者、评论家以及艺术爱好者来到这里。它每年的持续时间不超过一周，却是世界上最大的艺术节之一。故答案为B。其他选项与第一段内容不相符。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知，一个地方性艺术中心所存在的问题是不自信。故答案为A。其他选项找不到依据。
3．D 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，艺术节给了艺术家、收藏者们以及艺术馆主人们一个宝贵的机会去接触世界级的艺术品，更给了他们一个与世界顶尖艺术大师学习的机会。故答案为D。A、B项与文章第三段内容不一致；C项不是艺术家们来迈阿密的主要原因。
4．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的中心话题是：以前艺术总是与迈阿密无缘，但2002年Basel艺术节开始在迈阿密海滩举办以来，这里已经成为世界最大的艺术中心之一。故答案为A。
5．A 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，作者主要围绕美国到底是熔炉还是色拉盘展开论述。
6．B 写作意图题。第一段叙述，在美国无论是在城市还是在大学校园，你都会遇到各种种族的人，因此本段的目的是告诉读者美国是一个多民族融合的国家。
7．D 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，色拉盘不同于熔炉，在于各种族在美国文化中是否保留了自己的文化特点，熔炉理论是说人们在美国的大熔炉中丧失了自己的特点。
8．B 细节理解题。贴近美国现实观察一下，存在着种族分离现象。白种人脱离少数民族，所以不同种族的人居住在不同的地方。
