综合检测(三)
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)Ⅰ.多项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．(2013·周口高二调研)—What was it that________her from her classmates?
—Her excellent spoken English.
A．aroused B．differed
C．disagreed D．distinguished
2．—They________finding a solution to prevent the oil from polluting the ocean environment.
—They'll make a difference.
A．set up B．set about
C．set out D．set off
3．He is such a(n)________person that all of us can believe in him.
A．unbelievable B．valuable
C．stable D．uncomfortable
4．Because of being scolded，the son________left home without saying anything，which made his parents anxious.
A．abruptly B．merely
C．shortly D．apparently
5．(2013·承德高二检测)A healthy life is frequently thought to be ________with the open countryside and homegrown food.
A．associated B．bound
C．related D．tied
6．He couldn't________being bothered by the loud noise，so he quit.
A．ignore B．conquer
C．bear D．suffer
7．Hardly had the soldier suddenly seen the girl fall into the river when he________into the river to help her out.
A．looked B．turned
C．burst D．dived
8．—The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.
—Don't worry.We have already________two thirds of it.
A．got down B．got through
C．given in D．given away
9．At the concert the singers will ________ everyone to protect the environment.
A．call up B．call for
C．call off D．call on
10．(2013·东营高二质检)Out of ________ for the homeless，he gave them some food and clothing.
A．pity B．shame
C．mercy D．friendship
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
I was only 19 when I learned that my father was dying of a rare disease.The doctors didn't know what had caused his disease，nor did they know how to __11__ it.
I did much thinking in those last few months __12__ my father died.Dad meant more to me than __13__ else in the world.I remember sitting in the hospital's waiting room in the last days－a thousand __14__ coming into my mind：Why is he dying? Why haven't I been closer to him? Why haven't I __15__ more time with him？Why?
I had no time to really get to know my dad.I loved him so much，but I hadn't told him that in years because I was too __16__ with my work.Now，more than anything，I wanted to tell Dad how I was __17__，and I wasn't even sure whether he would __18__ I was there.
I walked into the room.Dad was very __19__.He was breathing hard，but very little oxygen was getting into his bloodstream.He hadn't __20__ to us in days.To my __21__，when I came in，he looked up and __22__ me.“Hello，Son，”he said gently.
“Hi，Dad”，I replied in joy.Now was my __23__，but I couldn't get the words “I LOVE YOU” out of my __24__.They stayed locked inside until I was about to explode.Why couldn't I get them out？But __25__，I said，“I love you，Dad.”After all that，the words seemed so __26__ to say as they softly left my lips.Those little words meant so much.He __27__ them and understood.
“I love you too，Son，”he __28__ as he touched my hand.That __29__ felt so good. He died just a few hours later.There were a million things I wished I had said to him and done with him.__30__，I had told him that I loved him.
11．A.judge B．survive
C．treat D．describe
12．A.though B．before
C．as D．if
13. A．someone B．anyone
C．something D．nothing
14．A.feelings B．thoughts
C．decisions D．impressions
15．A.saved B．expected
C．lost D．spent
16. A．busy B．excited
C．happy D．young
17．A.feeling B．listening
C．missing D．experiencing
18．A.admit B．know
C．think D．hope
19．A.independent B．strict
C．weak D．serious
20．A.responded B．come
C．written D．shouted
21．A.regret B．sorrow
C．surprise D．disappointment
22．A.invited B．recognized
C．guided D．introduced
23．A.turn B．duty
C．attitude D．chance
24．A.control B．mind
C．sight D．mouth
25．A.finally B．shortly
C．luckily D．gradually
26．A.funny B．easy
C．proud D．strange
27．A.touched B．guessed
C．heard D．missed
28．A.whispered B．apologized
C．announced D．informed
29．A.belief B．moment
C．choice D．event
30．A.In fact B．At times
C．In short D．At least
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Steven Spielberg's 2002 science-fiction thriller Minority Report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future.It seemed fanciful at the time，but fantasy is edging closer to fact.
On Jan. 31，a team of scientists at the UC Berkeley，led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode(解码) brain waves and replay them as words.Five months earlier，another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.
These experiments are a big advance from 2006，when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind，a black-and-white checkerboard pattern. The possibilities are great：a disabled person could “speak”；doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted；you could re-watch your dreams on an iPad.There are，of course，equally dark side，such as the involuntary take out of information from the brain.
In spite of these breakthroughs，Jack Gallant，the neuroscientist who led the first Berkeley team，says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive”．The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the fMRI.
“Eventually，says Gallant，someone will invent a decoding machine you can wear as a hat.”Such an advance into the human mind, he says，might take 30 years.
Still，the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers，which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.
31. What is the BEST title for the passage?
A．New technology can read your mind
B．Fantasy is edging closer to fact
C．A new discovery in human brain
D．The intelligent computers in the future
32．What did scientists at the UC Berkeley do?
A．They produced a fanciful world.
B．They made computers jump forward like a human.
C．They managed to translate brain waves into language.
D．They used computers to make short movies.
33．Which of the following is impossible for the research?
A．It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.
B．Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.
C．People will know what happens in their dreams.
D．People's thoughts may be given away.
34．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．scientists got the inspiration from a movie
B．the technology still has a long way to go
C．the technology has been put into practice
D．scientists have unlocked the secrets of memory
B
The science of physics today is as current as the morning newspaper.Indeed，as a result of new advances in physics and their rapid application to inventions designed to satisfy man's wants，the world itself has been changing rapidly.Space technology，industrial technology，and the technology of the home，the farm，the office，the bank，and the department store have all been revolutionized.
Clearly，every grown?up today would understand the world he lives in much better if he knew something about physics.Whether it is Congress voting huge sums of money for new warships，space exploration，or atomic energy；the office staff learning to use a new computer；Son Bobby wanting to know about going to the moon；or the housewife learning to operate a new electric stove，physics seems to be everywhere.
Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the excitement and importance of these new developments to their eager students.They know that some of their eager students will someday be scientists and will then contribute themselves to the development of new knowledge or its application to new things.
But in any case，they can be sure that if they bring a knowledge of science (any science) to their students in meaningful and stimulating ways，they have contributed much to helping each one live a more meaningful life.
35．The application of new advances in physics to inventions________.
A．is intended to meet people's needs
B．may solve all the problems in teaching
C．makes people understand the voting rules of the Congress
D．can help people understand the meaning of life
36．The underlined word “themselves” in Paragraph 3 refers to________.
A．some of the eager students
B．the students in the classroom
C．the teachers giving lessons
D．all the scientists in physics
37．The first two paragraphs of the passage mainly tell us about________.
A．new advances in physics
B．modern developments in science
C．the use of physics in our life
D．the science of physics
38．Which of the following can be the BEST title of this passage?
A．Physics and Teaching
B．Physics and Inventions
C．Physics and Life
D．Physics and Newspapers
C
It is a sad fact of life that only one or two percent of invented items make money for their inventors.The author of this book believes this could be increased to ten percent if inventors were provided with and used the information available now.
Most inventors do not have the qualities needed for creating successful businesses.Thomas Edison is a classic example.Though a brilliant inventor，he often failed when he tried to commercialize(利用……牟利)his inventions.
A frequent mistake is that they didn't do basic market research at an early stage.They have spent much money on patenting and tooling，only to learn that the idea has already been patented！Without giving away details of his invention，an inventor can make a simple check using local library directories. A simple computer check may show incredible sources of information related to his item.
As children we were told that Emerson had said，“If you build a better mousetrap，the world will beat a path to your door.”So many inventors think that they can sit back and wait for customers to arrive.He who thinks，in this day and age，that a product will sell itself is out of touch with the real world.
Inventors often fail to realize that manufacturing costs are often only a small percent of the retail price(零售价)．
The author also devotes an entire chapter to “Ten Ways to Invention Suicide”．This chapter analyzes ten common ways in which inventors end their inventions' future.He talks about the “paranoid inventor” who cannot bring himself to trust anyone，“the omnipotent inventor” who thinks that without any resources he can take on an entire industry，and the “greedy inventor” who wants it all for himself.
The book concludes that if the inventor thinks that there is some magic formula for the commercialization of his invention，his invention will probably end up among the 98 percent that fail.However，if the inventor makes an honest effort to understand the process of new product development，he can succeed.
39．What are Paragraphs 2－5 mainly about?
A．Tips on how to become an inventor.
B．The qualities of a good inventor.
C．The similarities between inventors all around the world.
D．Reasons why inventors fail to make money from their inventions.
40．What mistakes do inventors often make?
a．not doing basic market research beforehand
B．expecting products to sell themselves
c．knowing little about business
D．not caring about costs
A．abc B．acd
C．ab D．cd
41.According to Paragraph 6，the “paranoid inventor” ________.
A．doesn't rely on any resources
B．has difficulty in believing others
C．is greedy and wants all the profits
D．is more likely to make money from his invention
42. Where can we most probably read the passage?
A．In a book review.
B．In a research report.
C．In an interview with inventor
D．In a news report.
D
(2012·四川高考)Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change，which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，changing some living patterns，scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen，while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species' reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology.”said the researchers of several U．S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study，published on the Nature website，uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species，the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases，”the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change，it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain，using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world's average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃since 1900，and nearly 0.2℃every ten years since 1979.
So far，efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common，leading to drought，floods，crop failures and rising sea levels.
43．What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A．Plants' reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists' expectation.
C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
44．We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ________.
A．plants' flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
45．Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because ________.
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
46．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world's temperature?
A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃since 1979.
B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C．It is 0.8℃higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D．It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.
E
(2013·山东高考改编)You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That's why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷) built into a street lamp，” he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor，there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
47．For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A．To predict a heavy rain.
B．To check the weather forecast.
C．To protect people from the rain.
D．To remind people to take an umbrella.
48．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A．motor→canopy→sensors
B．sensors→motor→canopy
C．motor→sensors→canopy
D．canopy→motor→sensors
49．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A．Its moving speed. B．Its appearance.
C．Its installation. D．Its safety.
50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
Ⅳ.完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
51．I'll ____________ when I need your help.(call)
我需要你帮忙时就给你打电话。
52．Benjamin Franklin ____________ the printer's trade at an early age.(set)
本杰明·富兰克林幼年就开始学习打印手艺。
53．He ____________ and thrown into prison.(seize)
他当即被抓并被关进监狱。
54．She couldn't ____________.(bear)
她不能容忍看见动物受虐待。
55．She ____________ and took out a card.(dive)
她猛地把手伸进包内拿出了一张卡。
56．The girl ____________ as they crossed the street.(hang)
过马路时，小女孩紧紧抓住她妈妈的手。
57．Because the car ____________，we had to walk home.(order)
因为车坏了，我们只好步行回家。
58．We hardly had any difficulty ____________.(get)
我们几乎没费劲就使这项议案通过了。
59．________________ wipe out the enemy troops.(only)
只有这样我们才能消灭敌人的部队。
60．The meeting room ____________ and everything was arranged in good order.(clean)
发现会议室已彻底打扫了，所有的一切都摆放地井井有条。
Ⅴ.短文写作(满分30分)
假如你是某中学的高二学生李明。你从朋友处得知英国某发明公司将在暑假期间招聘一名整理最新发明信息的实习生。请你根据以下要点提示，给该公司的人事经理写一封求职信。
要点如下：
1．擅长英语；平时喜欢搞小发明，已获得两项专利；
2．希望能得到这份工作。
注意：1.词数：120左右；
2．增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
综合检测(三)
1．D 句意：——是什么使她比别的同学更优秀？——她出色的英语口语。distinguish显示……的差别，使……有所不同，符合句意。arouse激发，唤醒；differ不同，相异；disagree不同意。
2．B 考查动词短语。句意：——他们着手寻找方法阻止漏油污染海洋环境。——他们会有所作为。set about开始，着手，后接动名词。set out开始(做)，后接不定式；set up设立，建立；set off出发，动身，使爆炸。由句意可知B项正确。
3．C 考查形容词词义。句意：他是一个如此稳重的人，我们都可以相信他。stable“稳重的”，符合句意。unbelievable“难以置信的”；valuable“贵重的，有价值的”；uncomfortable“不舒服的，不安的，不自在的”。
4．A 句意：由于受到责备，孩子突然离家，什么话也没有留下，这使他的父母很着急。abruptly突然地，唐突地，符合句意。merely只，不过；shortly立刻，不久；apparently显然地，显而易见地。
5．A 考查形容词短语。be associated with，be bound up with，be related to，be tied up with均表示“和……有联系”的意思。
6．C 句意：他无法忍受噪音，因此他辞职了。bear“忍受，忍耐”，bear doing“耐得住……”，符合句意。ignore“不理睬，忽视”；conquer“征服，占领”；suffer“遭受，忍受，经历”。
7．D 考查动词词义。句意：这名战士一看到那女孩落入河里，他就潜入水里把她救起。dive into跳水，潜水，俯冲，符合句意。look into研究，调查；turn into变成；burst into突然爆发。
8．B 句意：——老板说我们必须在三天内完成这项任务。——别担心，我们已完成了三分之二。get down下来，离开，使悲伤；get through用完，完成，顺利通过；give in屈服，勉强同意，交纳；give away赠送，分发。
9．D 考查短语辨析。call up打电话；call for要求，提倡，为……叫喊；call off取消；call on号召，呼吁，正式邀请。句意：在音乐会上，歌手们将号召大家保护环境。故答案应为D项。
10．C 考查名词辨析。句意：出于对那些无家可归的人们的同情，他给他们提供了一些食物和衣服。故应选择mercy。
语篇解读：一句很普通的“我爱你”，在爸爸弥留之际，作者经过自己的反复斗争终于说出了口。
11．C 根据The doctors didn't know what had caused his disease以及He died just a few hours later可知我父亲的病是无法“治疗”的。
12．B 根据后文的叙述可知，我是在爸爸病故“之前”想了很多。
13．B 根据句意可知爸爸对我来说比任何人都重要。
14．B 根据后文的coming into my mind和后面一连串的问题可知，应该是成千上万的“想法”涌入脑海。
15．D 根据后文I had no time可知，作者在责怪自己为什么没有和父亲一起“度过”更多的时间。
16．A 根据I had no time可知，作者太忙了，没来得及说这些话。
17．A 父亲病危，此时作者最想告诉父亲自己的感受，即“我爱你”。
18．B 那时的爸爸已经病重，我不确定他能否“知道”我在那里。
19．C 根据下文的He was breathing hard可知，爸爸现在是“虚弱的”。
20．A 根据上下文的叙述可知，爸爸一直没有“回应”我们。
21．C 根据下文的叙述，他看了我，而且还说话了，这使我“太吃惊了”。
22．B 下文“Hello，Son，”说明爸爸是“认出”了我。
23．D 爸爸醒来了，而且能和我说话了，这应该是我对他说话的“机会”。
24．D 根据前面的I couldn't get the words可知，这时的我太激动，这些字根本说不出“口”。
25．A 根据此处的but可知，我“终于”说出了“我爱你”这句话。
26．B 根据下文的as they softly left my lips可知，我现在觉得这些话是看似“很容易地”出了我的口。
27．C 根据后面的and understood可知，爸爸“听到了”我的话而且理解了。
28．A 病重的爸爸太虚弱了，现在只能“低语”了。
29．B “在那一刻”作者感到无比高兴。
30．D 我此时稍感欣慰，“至少”我已经告诉爸爸我爱他。
语篇解读：2002年的科幻惊险片Minority Report讲述了电脑能够读取人类大脑的信息并能预测未来。在当时这只是一个幻想，但现在这种幻想正逐步变成现实。本文主要讲述了科学家们在这方面取得的研究成果。
31．A 主旨大意题。本文的中心话题是科学家在利用计算机读取人类大脑想法方面所取得的突破性进展，由此可知，A项做标题最恰当。故答案选A。
32．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“...decode brain waves and replay them as words.”可知，科学家们把脑波以文字的形式再现。故答案选C。
33．A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句话中的“The possibilities are great：a disabled person could ‘speak’；doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted；you could re-watch your dreams”，由此可知，这种研究并不能够帮助残疾人说话，只是获取他们大脑中的信息并了解他们的想法。故答案选A。
34．B 推理判断题。根据本文最后两段及关键语句“Such an advance into the human mind，he says，might take 30 years.”可知，这种技术的研究还有很长一段路要走。故答案选B。
35．A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“...designed to satisfy man's wants...”可知，物理学的发展和发明成果的快速运用满足了人们的需要。
36．A 词义猜测题。themselves所在的宾语从句的主语是some of their eager students，所以是指那些好奇的学生。
37．C 细节理解题。前两段主要讲了物理学在人们生活中的应用。由于物理学新的发展和发明成果的快速使用，使世界发生了快速的变化，所以选C。
38．C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了物理学在社会生活各个方面的应用，故选C。
语篇解读：大约98%的发明没有给发明家带来经济利益，这是为什么呢？
39．D 主旨大意题。这四段告诉我们发明家没有从自己的发明中获利的原因。
40．A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知a对；根据第四段可知b对；根据第二段可知c对；d没提到，因此选A。
41．B 细节理解题。根据第六段的He talks about the“paranoid inventor”who cannot bring himself to trust anyone可知答案。
42．A 推理判断题。根据第一段的The author of this book...和第六段的The author also devotes an entire chapter to...等都可看出本文摘自书评。
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普文章。研究表明，全球气候变暖对动植物物种有很大影响。植物开花的速度大大加快了，本文对科学家的这项发现进行了说明。
43．B 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted...”可知，植物开花的速度超出了科学家原有的预测，这就是本段的主要信息。
44．C 推理判断题。由第五段中的“It found that some experiments had underestimated the speed of flowering...”可以推断出，科学家应该改进他们的实验设计了。从下文中的“The design of future experiments may need to be improved...”也可以得出答案。由第五段给出的数据可知，A、B两项错误，D项内容在这项研究中未提及，也可排除。
45．B 细节理解题。由第八段中的“Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain...”可知，植物在食物链中的作用非常大，这也正是科学家重视对植物研究的原因。
46．D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段的“So far，efforts to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough...beyond 2℃this century...will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common...”可知，在本世纪将温度控制在2℃以内的必要性。由最后两段给出的数据可知，A、C两项理解错误；气候变化并不会必然带来极端天气，所以B项也是错误的。
语篇解读：本文为一篇科普文章。主要介绍了Mikhail Belyaev发明的一种雨伞。生活中我们常用的雨伞各种各样，那Mikhail Belyaev发明的雨伞又会是怎样的呢？让我们一起来一睹为快吧！
47．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.知Mikhail Belyaev发明的这种雨水感应式路灯伞是为了下雨时给行人提供遮蔽，因此选项C符合题意。
48．B 细节理解题。根据文中第三段的叙述，canopy是用来为行人遮蔽雨的，它应该排在最后；再根据本段中的It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.可知motor控制canopy，而motor的运动是受sensors的控制，故三者的排列关系是sensors→motor→canopy。
49．D 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的关键信息so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians，to protect from possible lightning strike和it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians可知第五段主要描述了这种伞的安全性，故选项D为正确答案。
50．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production...可知还没有计划要把雨水感应式路灯伞投入生产，故B项错误；文中提到虽然没计划投入生产，但设计者把它介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门，而且他认为他的发明可以安装在行人多而无遮挡的灯柱上，可知设计者对自己的发明充满信心，因此答案为C；文中未提及选项A“发明者将自己开办公司来推广他的产品”以及选项D“灯伞将在莫斯科举行展览”。
51．call you up 52.set about learning/set out to learn
53．was immediately seized 54.bear to see animals treated cruelly 55.dived into her bag 56.hung on to her mother's hand 57.was out of order 58.(in)getting the bill through 59.Only in this way can we 60.was found thoroughly cleaned
【参考范文】
Dear_Sir_or_Madam，
When I talked with my friend last week，I learned that your company needed a person to sort out the latest information on inventions during the summer holiday.I am writing to apply for this position.
I am a senior-two middle school student and I am good at English.I also like inventing.I spend most of my free time inventing things.So far I have obtained two patents.All my teachers and classmates have praised my inventions.They all say my inventions are good.In the future I hope to invent many new things.
I believe my qualifications and my interest make me suitable for this position.If you require further information on my qualifications，please let me know.
I look forward to your reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Ming
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
课时作业(五) Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should not brake the car ________(猛然) on an icy road.
2．Noodles are ________ (方便的) to make in the morning for breakfast.
3．He has little ________ (希望) of winning a prize.
4．He told us to deal with the dangerous work with ________(谨慎)．
5．What ________ (标准) are used for assessing a student's ability?
6．It was hard to ________(辨别) one twin from the other.
7．Petrol is the most important ________(产品)of many Middle East countries.
8．The police________(抓住)an escaping convict.
9．Please________(归档)these letters under “Smith”．
10．The________(仁慈的)king saved the young officers from death.
Ⅱ.多项选择
1．The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to ________ one from the other.
A．distinguish B．separate
C．identify D．recognize
2．(2013·天门高二调研)The government ________ the army to help put out the forest fire.
A．called on B．called up
C．called in D．called out
3．The teacher's________ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.
A．invaluable B．multiple
C．abrupt D．fast
4．The bird________an unusually big beetle and brought it to its nest.
A．filed B．seized
C．restored D．struck
5．He closed the windows________rain.
A．in the expectation of B．in expectations of
C．in the expectations D．in expectation of
6．What________do you use when judging the quality of a student's work?
A．means B．process
C．level D．criteria
7．The boys stopped and ________ digging holes to plant the trees.
A．set off B．set out
C．set about D．set up
8．It is commonly thought that a(n) ________ attitude towards life is beneficial to health.
A．passive B．different
C．unique D．positive
9．When you go shopping，you will find so much ________ cheap but useful.
A．produce B．product
C．production D．produces
10．Most train tickets are ________ for two to five days depending on the distance you travel.
A．effective B．valid
C．efficient D．legal
Ⅲ.完形填空
There have been many great inventions，which have changed the way we live.The first great invention was __1__ that is still very important today—the wheel.This made it easier to __2__ heavy things and to travel long distances.
For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that have as much __3__ as the wheel.Then in the early 1800's the world started to __4__.There was little unknown land in the world.People did not __5__ to explore any more.They began to work so as to __6__ life better.
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made.__7__them were the camera，the electric light and the radio.These all became a big __8__ of our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great __9__：the helicopter in 1909；movies with sound in 1926；the computer in 1928 ；and jet planes in 1930.This was also a time __10__ a new material was first made.Nylon came __11__ in 1935.It changed the __12__ of clothes people had been wearing.
The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over __13__.They worked very well.They made people healthier and let them live __14__lives.By the 1960's most people could __15__to live at least 60.
By this time most people had a very good life.Of course new inventions __16__ to be made.But man now had a desire to explore again.The world was __17__ to man but the stars were not.Man began to look for ways to go into __18__.Russia made the first step.Then the United States took a step.Since then other countries，__19__ China and Japan，have made their steps into space.
In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth.Americans first walked on the moon.This is certainly just a __20__ though.New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never dreamed of.
1．A.the one B．that
C．one D．it
2．A.carry B．bring
C．find D．put
3．A.time B．knowledge
C．situation D．effect
4．A.appear B．mind
C．change D．rise
5．A.have B．want
C．decide D．like
6．A.work B．turn
C．make D．think
7．A.In B．Among
C．Between D．Above
8．A.sort B．part
C．step D．use
9．A.results B．jobs
C．things D．inventions
10．A.when B．which
C．if D．as
11．A.out B．in
C．away D．about
12．A.rest B．course
C．kind D．pattern
13．A.rules B．diseases
C．difficulties D．problems
14．A.more important B．longer
C．happier D．better
15．A.hope B．expect
C．start D．ask
16．A.go on B．begin
C．are able D．continue
17．A.useful B．popular
C．common D．known
18．A.space B．sky
C．air D．room
19．A.including B．except
C．but D．included
20．A.movement B．interest
C．beginning D．surprise
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Today I'll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography.The camera is often thought to be a modern invention，but as early as 1727，a German physicist discovered that light darkens silver salt.Used as a camera，a big box was set up，and a small hole was cut in one side to let the light in；he made temporary pictures on the salt.Silver salt is still the base of the photographic film today.Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal which was covered with silver salt.A photograph he made in 1862 still exists.
The painter De Gear improved the process by covering the metal also with placing the common salt which we can eat.That was in 1839，the official date of beginning of photographs.But the problem was the printing of the photographs.And it wasn't until other scientists developed the kind of photographic paper we now use that good prints were possible and photography became truly modern.In the 1870's，Matthew Bradey was able to take his famous pictures in American Civil War.In the 20's of this century，Georges Mann of the United States simplified film developing，and Dr.Edward Lane invented the so-called “Instant Camera”，which uses self-developing film.If we say photography came into existence in 1839，it follows that it took more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement(密度)．
1．What discovery was the basis of photography?
A．Light darkens silver salt.
B．Light darkens natural salt.
C．Light darkens silver.
D．Light darkens self-developing film.
2．How was the first permanent picture made?
A．By making use of special paper.
B．By adding common salt to silver salt.
C．By giving a slight colour to the silver salt.
D．By using a special piece of metal.
3．Which does the author regard as the official date of the beginning of photography?
A．1727. B．1826.
C．1839. D．1870.
4．According to the author，why is Matthew Bradey remembered today?
A．He was a soldier.
B．He took war photographs.
C．He painted portraits.
D．He designed a portable camera.
课时作业(五)
Ⅰ.1.abruptly 2.convenient 3.expectation 4.caution 5.criteria 6.distinguish 7.product
8．seized 9.file 10.merciful
Ⅱ.1.A 根据题意应是不可能把这对双胞胎区分开，故选A项。distinguish...from...“把……和……区别开”。separate...from...“把……和……分隔开”；identify“识别”；recognize“认出”。
2．C 句意：政府调集军队帮助扑灭森林大火。call in sb.“召集、请来某人”。
3．C 句意：老师在课堂上突然停止讲课能够 使得一些学生把注意力集中到听课上。abrupt“突然的”。
4．B 句意：那只鸟抓住一只特别大的甲虫并把它带进窝。file“提交”；seize“抓住”；restore“修复”；strike“打”。
5．D in expectation of“预计会有……，预料着……”，是固定搭配。
6．D 句意：你用什么标准来衡量学生的作业？means方法，手段； process过程；level水平；criteria标准，尺度。
7．C set off “出发，动身”；set out to do sth.“开始做某事”；set about doing sth.“着手做某事”；set up“设置，创立”。根据digging holes可知应该选用set about。
8．D 句意：普遍认为积极的生活态度有利于健康。passive“被动的”；different“不同的”；unique“独特的”；positive“积极的”。
9．A 句意：当你逛商店时，你会发现很多产品物美价廉。produce“产物，农产品”，为不可数名词；product“产品”，为可数名词；production“生产”。因为much修饰不可数名司，所以要用produce。
10．B valid指依据某项法令、规定而“有效的”；effective是指能产生预期效果意义下的“有效的”；efficient“效率高的”；legal“合法的”。根据句意，选B项。
Ⅲ.1.C 此处用one代替上文提及的invention以避免重复。
2．A 此题可根据句意判断，便于人们携带东西应选carry。bring“带来”；find“发现”；put“放”，均不合句意。
3．D 此题是典型的as...as...结构。根据句意“没有哪些发明能像轮子的发明有那么大的效用”可知答案为D项。
4．C 世界开始发生变化了，而不是出现(appear)、介意(mind)或上升(rise)。
5．A 因为世界上已几乎没有未知的地方，所以人们不必再探索了，强调没必要而不是不想、不喜欢或决定不。
6．C make life better为习惯性搭配，意思是“使生活更加美好”。
7．B 三者以上的之间，应选among，两者之间选between。
8．B 根据句意，这一切已经成为我们今天生活的一部分，所以选part。
9．D 根据上下文可知，此处主要讲更多的发明创造，故选D项。
10．A 此处应是定语从句，先行词a time表示时间，因此选when。
11．A come out“出现”；come in“进来”；come away“脱落，脱开”；come about“发生，转向”。此处为“出现”，故选A项。
12．C 此处的意思是改变人们的衣服种类。pattern形态，样式。
13．B 此题可从下文内容进行选择。下文讲人的健康、寿命，显然只有diseases与此有关。
14．B 人们身体更健康，寿命自然就更长，应选longer。身体健康并不一定生活就better或happier。
15．B 根据句意，大多数人期望能活到至少60岁。expect可经常和can(could)搭配使用，并且expect含有“指望”的意思，比hope更易实现。
16．D continue to do意为“继续做……”；go on to do意为“接着做另一件事”。根据句意，新发明会继续出现，应选D项。
17．D 根据but可知，前后句意相反。the world我们已经知道、了解，而stars我们还不了解，所以选known。
18．A 句意：人类开始寻找进入太空的方法。故答案为A项。
19．A 此处指“包括在内”应选including。but，except表示“除了……以外”；included位置不对，所以不选。
20．C 句意：虽然这只是一个开始。后文的New inventions...也给出了暗示。
Ⅳ.1.A 细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句可知，光能让银盐变暗这一发现是照相术的基础。
2．D 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句可知这张照片的制作方法。
3．C 细节理解题。作者在第二段第二句说照相术的正式开始时间为1839年。
4．B 细节理解题。由第二段第五句可知，马修·布瑞迪拍摄了许多著名的美国内战的照片，至今人们仍然怀念他。
课时作业(六) Using Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She has an ________ (电话分机)in the kitchen.
2．We are looking for ________ (充满活力的) persons to be salesmen.
3．This ladder isn't very ________ (稳固的)．
4．The company's main problem is the shortage of skilled ________ (人力资源)．
5．How did you come by that wound in the ________ (前额)?
6．No one doubts her ________ (能力)as a teacher.
7．Three men were lifted by ________ (直升机) from the burning ship.
8．He watched the train away until it was only a ________ (点) in the distance.
9．This dictionary is available in electronic ________ (版本)．
10．What do you ________ (联想；联系) with such a heavy snow?
Ⅱ.多项选择
1．At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
2．—I'm afraid Mary isn't in.
—Oh well，I'll________later.
A．ring back B．ring off
C．ring up D．ring out
3．________ I heard someone calling for help，I rushed out.
A．Immediately B．At the time
C．For the first time D．Immediate
4．Tom failed but his sister ________ the exam.
A．went through B．passed through
C．got through D．succeeded through
5．(2013·荆州高二质检)The research shows there are many serious health problems ________ smoking.
A．associating with B．associated with
C．associated to D．associating to
6．When we plan our vacation，Mother often offers ________ suggestions.
A．careful B．practical
C．effective D．acceptable
7．You should try to catch several English expressions________you see an English film.
A．in case B．so that
C．every time D．so soon as
8．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，this creating a________environment.
A．peaceful B．sensitive
C．common D．stable
9．(2013·酒泉高二检测)She________her bag and took out an old photograph.
A．went into B．looked into
C．got into D．dived into
10．We ________ to paint the house at dawn but finished only the front part till dark.
A．set out B．set off
C．set about D．set aside
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
The name of Alexander Graham Bell strikes a “bell” as the inventor of the telephone.What most people do not know，however，is that this great scientist，engineer，inventor，and innovator was amongst the first advocates of renewable energy as a solution to the decreasing coal and oil resources.After his research in acoustics(声学) that led to the invention of the telephone in 1876，Alexander Graham Bell started to take a keen interest in the greenhouse effect.
The history of renewable energy started long before Alexander Graham Bell's time. Camphene (莰烯)，the most popular lamp fuel of the 1850s, sold for 50 cents a gallon.Alcohol-powered irons，coffee roasters，hot water heaters and stoves，and even alcohol-fueled cars were common in those days.
The discovery of “rock oil” soon changed the scene.The lower costs of kerosene(煤油)，the tax benefits of kerosene，taxed at 10 cents a gallon as opposed to D|S 2 per gallon of camphene，and the marketing and expansion efforts of oil companies soon made gasoline and kerosene cheaper and easily available.
Alexander Graham Bell was amongst the first to understand that increasing use of fossil fuels would harm the environment and that the day was not far away when the sources of such non-renewable forms of energy would dry up.He introduced the term “greenhouse effect” to explain the phenomenon of the world becoming warmer due to the burning of fossil fuels.
By 1914，Alexander Graham Bell started exploring various renewable energy sources as possible alternative fuel options.He considered the available alternatives of waterpower，wood, and direct use of the sun's rays，but soon identified alcohol as the best substitute for fossil fuels able to meet the demands of the future.
In his article in the National Geographic Magazine，Volume 31 of February 1917，Alexander Graham Bell suggested alcohol as a “clean，beautiful，and efficient fuel”．The big advantage of alcohol was clean burning without any harmful emissions and the possibility of a guaranteed continuous supply by the production of an annual supply of alcohol.
1．From the first paragraph, we can know that Bell ________.
A．wasn't well known for advocating the use of renewable energy
B．was more interested in the greenhouse effect than in acoustics
C．started to study renewable energy sources before 1876
D．started the time of using renewable energy
2．What did Bell think of the fossil fuels according to the passage?
A．They had done harm to people's health.
B．They would be used up after a few years.
C．They would harm the environment.
D．They should be taxed highly.
3. According to Bell，what's the outstanding benefit of alcohol as a substitute for fossil fuels?
A．Clean burning. B．Low costs.
C．Low tax. D．Easy production.
4．What is the BEST title for this passage?
A．Alexander Graham Bell and his inventions
B．Alexander Graham Bell and renewable energy
C．Alexander Graham Bell's success in scientific research
D．Alexander Graham Bell's stories of protecting the environment
B
It has happened to almost everyone.You're sitting on a train or a bus, and someone right next to you is annoyingly shouting into his or her mobile phone.
But those days could soon be over due to “silent sounds”，a new technology shown at the CeBIT fair this week that transforms lip movements into a computer-generated voice for the listener at the other end of the phone.
The device，developed by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)，uses electromyography(肌动电流描记术) to monitor the tiny muscle movements that occur when we speak and transform them into electrical pulses that can then be turned into speech，without a sound being uttered.
“We currently use electrodes(电极) glued to the skin.In the future，such electrodes might be included into cell phones，”says Michael Wand of the KIT.
The technology opens up a large number of applications，from helping people who have lost their voices due to illness or accidents to telling a trusted friend your PIN number over the phone without anyone eavesdropping (偷听)－assuming no lip-readers are around.
The technology can also turn you into an instant polyglot.Because the electrical pulses are universal，they can be immediately transformed into the language of the user's choice.
“Native speakers can silently utter sentences in their own languages，and the receivers hear the sentences translated into their languages，”says Wand.
The translation technology works for languages like English，French and German，but for languages like Chinese，where different tones convey different meanings，may be a problem，he adds.
Noisy people in your office？Not any more.“We're also working on technology to be used in an office environment，”the KIT scientist told AFP.
The engineers have got the device working to 99 percent efficiency，which means the mechanical voice at the other end of the phone gets only one word in 100 wrong，explains Wand.
“We're working to overcome the remaining technical difficulties.In five，maybe ten years，this will be useable，everyday technology，”he says.
5．According to the text, the new technology ________.
A．can imitate the human voice
B．can produce human muscle movements
C．can turn lip movements into a conversation
D．can change voices into electrical pulses
6．We can conclude from Paragraph 5 that the device ________.
A．will have a big market
B．may lead to illegal use
C．is of little use
D．can help promote friendship
7．The underlined word “polyglot” probably means a person who ________.
A．knows a lot
B．understands several languages
C．has great mental ability
D．is good at doing research
8．The purpose of the text is to ________.
A．encourage better mobile-phone manners
B．show the technical difficulties involved in communications
C．promote a new mobile phone
D．introduce a new mobile phone technology
课时作业(六)
Ⅰ.1.extension 2.dynamic 3.stable 4.personnel
5．forehead 6.competence 7.helicopter 8.dot 9.version 10.associate
Ⅱ.1.A 句意：在火车站，母亲挥手向女儿告别，直到火车看不见为止。out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着；out of order出故障；out of place不适当的。
2．A ring back(＝phone sb.again)再打电话来；ring off挂断电话；ring up给……打电话；ring out发出响亮而清晰的声音。句意：——恐怕玛丽不在家。——好吧，我晚会儿再打来。
3．A 句意：我一听到有人求助，我就跑出去了。此处为副词immediately当做连词使用，引导时间状语从句。at the time“在那时”；for the first time“第一次”，都不引导从句；immediate立刻的，马上的，是形容词。
4．C 无D项搭配；pass through经过，路过；go through通过(某物)，穿过，受苦，仔细检查；get through完成，顺利通过(考试等)。
5．B 句意：研究表明有许多重大健康问题与吸烟有关。(be) associated with与……有联系。
6．B 句意：当我们计划如何度假时，母亲经常提出实用的建议。careful仔细的；practical实际的，实用的；effective有效的；acceptable可接受的。
7．C 句意：每次看英文电影时，你应该尽力掌握几个英语短语。every time引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”。
8．D 句子表示“创造了一个稳定的环境”，所以应用stable。
9．D 句意：她迅速把手伸入提包，取出一张旧照片。dive into迅速把手伸进……内(以寻找或拿取东西)。go into进入；look into调查；get into进入，都不合句意。
10．A set out to do sth.“开始做某事”。相当于begin to do sth；set about后需接动名词；set off出发，引发；set aside留出，储存。
Ⅲ.语篇解读：众所周知，亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔是电话的发明者，但鲜为人知的是，他也是最早提出“温室效应”并提倡使用可再生能源的人。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第一段What most people do not know，however，is that this great scientist，engineer，inventor，and innovator was amongst the first advocates of renewable energy可知应选A。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段fossil fuels would harm the environment可知，应选C。
3．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段The big advantage of alcohol was clean burning可知，酒精作为矿物燃料的替代品，最突出的优点是清洁燃烧。
4．B 主旨大意题。通读全文，主要介绍了Bell及他对可再生能源的研究。
5．C 根据第二段中的“...a new technology...that transforms lip movements into a computer-generated voice for the listener at the other end of the phone.”可知，这项新技术可以把唇部的运动转化成电脑发声，使对方能够听到。C项简略地概括了此意，故选C项。
6．A 根据“The technology opens up a large number of applications...”可推断，这个装置将会有很大的市场。
7．B 根据第六、七两段可知，通过这个装置，收听者可以听懂多种语言，故选B项。
8．D 本文介绍了一种新的手机技术——“无声电话”。故选D项。
