(共25张PPT)
第二课时 名 词
第二章 语法精讲
考点分类
考点1 名词的分类
类别 用法 示例
专有名词 表示国家、地点、人名、语言、组织、机构、月份、星期、节日等。 England,Tibet,
Lucy,Chinese,
May,Sunday
普 通 名 词 可 数 名 词 个体 名词 表示某类人或事物中的个体。 teacher,photo
集体 名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称。 family,police,
class(班级)
类别 用法 示例
不 可 数 名 词 物质 名词 表示构成各种物体的物质和材料。 rice,milk
抽象 名词 表示状态、动作、感情、品质等抽象概念。 health,love
( C )①Some and will come to visit our city next week.
A.Germans;Englishman
B.Germen;Englishmen
C.Germans;Englishmen
D.Germen;Englishman
( C )②Ask him not to eat too much sugar.It’s not good for his .
A.tooth B.brain C.teeth D.head
C
C
考点2 名词的数
1.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词不可以计数,没有复数形式,不能用a,an或数词修饰。当表示不可数名词的数量时,应用“不定冠词/基数词+量词(普通名词)+of+不可数名词”结构。不可数名词可用much,some,any,little,plenty of,a lot of等修饰。
eg:a piece of news 一条新闻
(2)有些名词既可以用作不可数名词,也可以用作可数名词,但意义不同。
eg:chicken鸡肉—chickens 鸡
hair 头发—three grey hairs 三根白发
glass 玻璃—glasses 眼镜
fish 鱼肉—fishes (几种)鱼
fruit 水果—fruits (几种)水果
food 食物—foods (几种)食物
2.可数名词复数的变化规则
表示一个人或事物时用单数形式,表示两个或两个以上的人或事物时用复数形式。
(1)规则变化
构成方式 例词
一般在词尾加-s desk—desks 书桌
mile—miles 英里
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加-es brush—brushes刷子
watch—watches手表
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变为i,再加-es factory—factories 工厂
library—libraries 图书馆
构成方式 例词
以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe变为v,再加-es leaf—leaves叶子
wolf—wolves 狼
wife—wives 妻子
以o结尾的词: a.有生命的后加-es b.无生命的后加-s potato—potatoes土豆
radio—radios收音机
photo—photos照片
(2)不规则变化
构成方式 例词
单复数形式相同 sheep羊;绵羊
deer鹿
Chinese中国人
特殊变化 foot—feet脚
tooth—teeth牙齿
woman—women女人
(3)合成名词变化规则
构成方式 变化规则 例词
一般合成词 只将主体 词变复数 bus stop—bus stops公共汽车站
pencil box—pencil boxes 铅笔盒
以man和 woman开头的合成词 两词全 变复数 man doctor—men doctors男医生
woman teacher—women teachers女教师
以man和 woman结尾的合成词 只将 man, woman 变复数 fisherman—fishermen渔夫
policeman—policemen警察
( D )①There are fifty in our school.They are all friendly to us.
A.woman teachers B.women teacher
C.woman teacher D.women teachers
( A )②—Are those
—No,they aren’t.They are .
A.sheep;goats B.sheep;goat
C.sheeps;goats D.sheeps;goat
D
A
考点3 名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式,具体用法如下:
类型 构成方式 示例
‘s所 有格 常用于有生命的名词 一般单数名词在词尾加-’s my sister’s book
我妹妹的书
Mike’s mother
Mike的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加-’ Teachers’ Day
教师节
boys’ 200-metre race
男子两百米赛跑
类型 构成方式 示例
‘s所 有格 常用于有生命的名词 不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加-’s Children’s Day 儿童节
Women’s Day 妇女节
如果某物为两者共同所有,只需在后一个名词词尾加-’s;如果某物为两者各自所有,则在两个名词后面都加-’s Mike and Ben’sroom
Mike和Ben的房间(共同所有)
Mike’s and Ben’s rooms
Mike的房间和Ben的房间(各自所有)
“名词+’s”可以表示某人家、店铺、诊所等处所 at Mr.Green’s
在格林先生家
at the dentist’s
在牙医的诊所
类型 构成方式 示例
‘s所 有格 有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等的无生命名词也可以在词尾加-’s,构成所有格 five minutes’ walk
步行五分钟
of所 有格 常用于无生命的名词 the legs of thedesk书桌腿
a map of China
一幅中国地图
双重 所有 格 of+’s所有格 a friend of myfather’s
我爸爸的一个朋友
of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine
我的一个朋友
( D )①Bob is brother.
A.Lucy’s and Lily
B.Lucy’s and Lily’s
C.Lucy and Lily
D.Lucy and Lily’s
( D )②My skirt is on the chair.
A.sister’ B.sister
C.sisters D.sister’s
D
D
考点4 名词作定语
名词作定语,一般用单数形式。
eg:school education 学校教育
个别名词作定语只能用复数形式。
eg:sports meeting 运动会
parents meeting 家长会
( B )①There is going to be a basketball match between and tomorrow morning.
A.man teachers;boy students
B.men teachers;boy students
C.man teacher;boy student
D.men teachers;boys students
( A )②Two actresses came to our shop last night.
A.child;shoe B.children;shoes
C.child;shoes D.children;shoe
B
A
备考演练
一、单项选择
( A )1.—China’s high-speed railway is leading the world.
—That’s right.It is moving further into the world.
A.technology
B.environment
C.population
A
( A )2.—Jenny,I can’t solve the problems by myself.What should I do
—Maybe working in groups is a good .
A.method B.survey
C.report
( C )3.Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist.Because of his achievements,rice has been increased greatly.
A.population B.contribution
C.production D.introduction
A
C
( A )4.Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of for many people.
A.hunger B.health
C.pollution D.population
( A )5.We see some rising into the air at the opening of our new library.
A.balloons B.balloon
C.balloones
A
A
( B )6.Would you send me some ofyou I miss you very much!
A.magazines B.photos
C.money D.advice
( C )7.About 200 went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.
A.German B.Australian
C.Chinese D.American
B
C
( C )8.—What else do we need to make cold beef
— .
A.Two spoons salt
B.Two spoons of salts
C.Two spoons of salt
( C )9.The movie named A Little Red Flower shows love for their children.
A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’
C
C
( B )10.Upstairs are bedrooms.They are tidy and nice.But are in a mess.
A.Lily’s and Lucy’s;our
B.Lily’s and Lucy’s;ours
C.Lily’s and Lucy;ours
D.Lily and Lucy’s;our
B
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2022·云南改编)Tourists can see many Western-style buildings (build) in Shanghai Disneyland Resort.
2.(2022·江苏镇江改编)After a heated discussion (discuss),the headmasters fromdifferent schools reached an agreement.
3.(2022·四川广安改编)Can you pass me the scissors to cut the wool off the sheep (sheep)
4.(2022·四川雅安改编)Now, tigers (tiger) are in danger.Let’s do something
for them.
buildings
discussion
sheep
tigers
5.(2022·江苏苏州改编)Suzhou is very attractive with different kinds of ancient
bridges (bridge).
6.(2022·四川眉山改编)Taking notes (note) in class is a good way to help you review what you have learned.
7.(2022·广西百色)Let’s make some signs (sign) to put up around the pool.
8.The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my son’s (son) room.
9.We have no choice (choose) but to wait outside.
10.To our surprise,an 8-year-old girl became the winner (win) of the dancing competition.
bridges
notes
signs
son’s
choice
winner