Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?同步教学案(6课时)

I English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0801Time: Designer: Xiao Tonggui First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet (1a-1c) Period Period 1 Lessontype Listening & Speaking
Learning goals 1.Master the new word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and phrases:2.Learn the Present Perfect tense by talking about recent events and listening material.
Key & difficult points 1. Master the new words and phrases.2. Learn the Present Perfect tense.
Teacher’s activities Students' activities（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Preview, Independent learning, Cooperation & Demonstration, Summary, Consolidation）
I.Preview (5 min)In order to m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake students learn the new words and phrases by themselves.II. Independent learning（27 min）Help students to ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ster the Present Perfect tense by talking about recent events and listening material. III.Cooperation & Demonstration（10 min）Have students tal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k about recent events using the present perfect tense.IV.Summary（3 min）V.ConsolidationIn order to make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )students consolidate the key and difficult points in this class by heart. I.Preview Translate the phrases into English.珠宝，财富_______岛______充满……的_______ 《爱丽丝梦游记》 《雾都孤儿》__________ 《小妇人》__________《汤姆索亚历险记》_________ 《鲁滨逊漂流记》__________你认为《哈利波特》怎么样？__________________II. Independent learningTask 1. Finish 1a.Have you heard of thes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e books 你听说过这些书吗？注意:这句中heard是hear的过去分词。该句属于现在完成时态的一般疑问句。肯定句：I have he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ard of these books. 否定句：I haven’t heard of these books.现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Eg：I have just had lunch。我刚已吃过午饭。（现在我不饿了。）He has finished doing his homework.(作业本不是空的，能交上。)动词的过去分词构成与过去式一样，请回顾其构成： 不规则的请看课本137页。Task 2. Finish 1b. Listen and complete the chart..翻译I’ve alrea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy read it. I’ve not read it yet. Have you finished the reader yet III. Cooperation showTask 1. Finish 1c. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )practice conversations. Then talk about the other books you know.Task 2. Show the conversations in groups.IV.Summary Summarize the key phrases and sentence patterns.V.Consolidation . Finish doing the following exercises. 1.I have already finished my homework.（一般疑问句并做肯定回答）2. He has worked out the math problem. (否定句)3.I have already re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad the novel. (否定句) 5.Has Tom worked there.(否定回答)4. Tom read Harry potter last year. (划线部分提问)6.There are no pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople living on that i______. 7.This is a f_______book. I like very much.8.I’ve not read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )book named Oliver Twist y___. My sister has a______ read it.9.The hall is f___ of the children’s laughter. 10. They went to the island for looking for t____.VI. Reflection In this class, what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I do best is What I need to improve is
Golden saying Nobody is perfect.(人无完人)。
English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0802 Time: Designer: Xiao Tonggui Teacher: First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet (2a-2e) Period Period2 Lessontype Listening & Speaking
Learning goals 1.Master the new word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and phrases:2. Learn the Present Perfect tense by talking about recent events and listening material.
Key & difficult points 1. Master some new words and phrases.2. To improve skills of listening.
Teacher’s activities Students' acti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vities（Review & Preview, Independent learning, Cooperation & Demonstration, Consolidation）
I.Review & Preview (10min)In order to have st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents review the key points in the last lesson. Andstudents can learn about the key points in this lesson ahead of time.II. Independent learning（20 min）Have students practice the target language by listening.III.Cooperation & Demonstration（10 min）Give students opportunities to practice the target language.in conversation.IV. Summary（2 min）V.ConsolidationIn order to let students consolidate the key points in this lesson. I.Review & Preview 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Translate the phrases and sentences.认为……怎么样_________满是财宝的一个岛_____________一本很棒的书 写关于……_________ 长大_________把……放下_________至少________......的后面 快点________两周以后___________在25页_________ right now_____ be classics_____什么事？___________ Many exciting things happen to him.______________________2. Write out the past ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and past participle forms of the following verbs. Wait visit play hurry mend plan Stop write read find finish putII. Independent learningTask1.Finish 2a. Task2.Finish 2b.treasure n. 珠宝；财富 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。v. 珍视；珍惜。Eg: The large house was full of treasures.Jim treasures his memories(记忆) of those days. 翻译I________ each minute of saying with my family. 完成并翻译★Classic n. 经典作品；文学名著。Eg: I like read the classics after class.War and Peace is a famous classic.page n.页；（书刊或纸张的）页面；张.Eg： Please open your English book at page 28.The story is given ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on the next page. 这个故事刊载在下一页。注：表示在某一页上，其前通常用介词on。如果将某一页当做一个点来看待，则可在其前用介词at。表示“第……页”时，通常用“page+页数”，page的p大小写都可。Eg: The answers are given on_____/___III. Cooperation. Finish 2c. Task 1.Talk about th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e books you know .Task 2. Role-play the conversation of 2d. ★write about写关于…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) grow up成长 put down放下 on page 25在25页at laest至少the back of the book 在书的后面 hurry up赶快 in two weeks 两周以后IV. Summary. Summarize the key points in this class. V.Consolidation . Finish doing the following exercises.1.I have already f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inished knowing him for more than ten years.(一般疑问句)_____________2.He has lived here ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for ten years .(对划线部分提问)________________________________3.She has lear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned since two years ago. (变为过去式)_______________________________4.I must ________(赶快)to go over lessons, or I will fail the exam.5.What’s it _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ It’s about four sisters______________(是关于四姐妹一起成长的) VI. Reflection In this class, what I do best is
thGolden saying Nobody is perfect. (人无完人)。
English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0803 Time: Designer: Xiao Tonggui Teacher: First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet Section A (3a-3c) Period Period 3 Lesson Type Reading
Learning goals 1. Master some new wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds and phrases. 2. Improve students’ reading skill.
Key & difficult points 1. Master some new words and phrases.2. Learn about the target language in the reading.
Teacher’s activities Students' acti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vities（Preview, Independent learning, Cooperation & Demonstration, Summary, Consolidation）
I.Review& Preview (10 min)1.To check if students grasp the language points in the last class.2. Students can learn about the key sentences by heart before class.II.Independent learning（24 min）III.Cooperation & Demonstration（7 min）Students read the article and then understand it.IV. Summary（2 min）Summarize the key points in this class.V.ConsolidationTo check if students grasp the language points in this class. I.Review & Previe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w Translate the following phrases and words.船，舰 朝；向；对着 食人肉者 陆地______工具_____虽然_______另一个______杀死_____带回来________放弃_______砍到_______不久以后________......的痕迹________几周前__________一艘破船_________等待_______ 种植蔬菜和水果_______________丧生_________在岛上_________一块陆地_________根据____________II.Independent learningFinish 3a. Read the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assage based on Robinson Crusoe. Answer the questions.else 意为“其他的；别的”adj. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不能做前置定语，只能放在不定代词、疑问代词或anywhere, nowhere, somewhere等疑问副词之后做后置定语。与other同义，但other 作形容词时，常放在被修饰的名词前做前置定语。 Eg：1.What else do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you know 2. I told it to nobody so only he knew it. 【应用】根据汉语提示填空。 1.Do you have __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ ______（别的东西）？ 2. ______ ______（别的什么东西）do you want. 3. She had received ______(别的)gifts besides flowers. 4. Let’s go _____ ______（别的地方） 5. The boy showed me one of his hands and put the _____(另外的) hand behind his back. ★ land意为“陆地；大地”为名词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与sea相对。它与ground ,earth, soil, floor近义，但用法不同：植物所赖以生长的“地”为ground/earth/soil, 供人行走的室外室外之“地”为ground, 室内之的“地”为floor, 与海相对的“陆地”为land, 视为财产的“地”为land，但与天空对应的“陆地”为earth。另外，land也可作动词，意为“登陆；降落”。Eg：1.Which animal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is the biggest on land. 2. A UFO landed on Center Street. III. Cooperation & DemonstrationTask 1 Finish3b Task 2. Finish 3c V.Consolidation Complete the following sentences.1.There are many _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____(轮船)on the ocean. 2.My father have many _____(工具)for farming3.It’s illegal(违法的) to carry____(枪支)in our country.4.Are you working hard ______(朝着)your goals.5.Many mammals(哺乳类动物)live on _______(陆地上).6._______(尽管)he is eighty years, he looks very healthy.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms.Tom_____(do) his ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mework last night. But I don’t know if he ________(do)it.____you _____(finish) reading Tom Sawyer yet.I_____(not s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee) the film yet.4.She _____(not watch)the video, so you don’t return it to Peter. VI. Reflection In this class, what I do best is
Golden saying Nobody is perfect. (人无完人)。
English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0804 T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime: Designer: Xiao Tonggui Teacher: First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet ( Focus-4c) Period Period 4 Lesson Type Grammar
Learning goals 1. Master some new words. 2. The Present Perfect tense
Key & difficult points 1. Master some new words. 2. The Present Perfect tense.
Teacher’s activities Students' activit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies（Review & Preview, Independent learning, Cooperation& Demonstration, Summary, Consolidation）
I.Review & Previe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w (10 min)1.Make students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )grasp the key and difficult points which we learnt in the last lesson and have students learn about the target language in this class ahead of time.II.Independentlearning（22 min）Have students learn about the new language points in this class.III.Cooperation & Demonstration（10 min）Students learn about how to cooperate.IV.Summary（3 min）V.ConsolidationIn order to make students consolidate the key points which we learnt in this class. I.Review & Preview ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1.Translate the phrases. 超过 科学技术 对科技感兴趣______________喜欢想象 每次___________读完一本书 读哪本书 50年之后___________2.填空：(1) 现在完成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时表示_____发生或_______的动作对_____造成影响或结果，常和already, yet, never, ever, just , before等副词连用。Eg：I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.(丢手表发生在过去，但现在还没有找到，即过去的动作对现在造成的结果。)He has seen the film, so he won’t go with us.(看电影发生在过去，但对现在还有一定的影响)注意：already 与yet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )都有“____”的意思，但already常用于______中，yet用于_____和______,并位于______.eg:I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet (2) 现在完成时的构成是：____/_______+___________(3) 现在完成时的基本句式 肯定句：______________________________否定句：______________ 疑问句：________________ 特殊疑问句：________________II. Independent learningTask 1. Finish Grammar Focus in groups by reading and translating.Task 2. Finish4a and 4b.III. Cooperation & DemonstrationTask. Finish 4c in pairs or small group . IV. Summary Summarize the key points in this class.V.Consolidation Finish the following sentences.1.--Both his parents l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook sad . --Maybe they _________what's happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2.He has _______ been to Shanghai， has he ？A. already B. never C. ever D. still 3.Have you m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et Mr. Li ______？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago4.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written5.—Our count ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______.A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed; better6.How clean the bedroom is! -- Yes. I am sure that someone ______it. A. clean B. cleaned C. have cleaned D. has cleaned7.--____you ____your homework yet --Yes, I finished it a moment ago.VI. Reflection In t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his class, what I do best is What I need to improve is
Golden saying All things are difficult before they are easy.(凡事必先难后易)。
English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0805 Des ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )igner: Xiao Tonggui Teacher: First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet ( Section B 1a-2a) Period Period 5 Lesson Type Listening & Speaking
Learning goals 1. Master some new words. 2. Improve students’ listening skill.
Key & difficult points 1. Master some new words.2. Improve students’ listening skill.
Teacher’s activities Students' activities（R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eview & Preview, Independent learning, Learning new knowledge, Cooperation & Demonstration, Summary, Consolidation）
I.Review & Preview (5min)1. To check if students grasp the language points in the last class.2. Students can learn the expressions by heart before class.II.Independent learning (20 min)Have students practice the target language by listening.III. Cooperation & Demonstration（17 min）Make students master the target language in conversation. IV. Summary（3 min）V.ConsolidationTo check if students master the language points in this class. I.Review & Prev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iew Translate the following phrases. 你最喜欢的音乐家________一定受欢迎_________一个叫The Toms 的乐队_________流行音乐________少年男孩子们_________听说__________充满精力_________感到兴奋___________更像摇滚_________ 一天中剩下的时光_____________II. Independent learningTask 1. Finish 1a. Task 2. Finish 1b. Task3: Finish1cIII.Cooperation & DemonstrationTask1:Finish1d. Task2: Finish2a.IV. Summary Summarize the key points in this class.V.Consolidation Translate the following sentences into English.. 1. 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2. 他昨天收到一封信。3. 我父亲以前读过这部文学名著。4. 她还没有看过那部新电影。5. 听汤姆斯乐队的音乐是醒来的一个好方法。 Complete the following sentences.1.Pop music is __________(我最喜欢的). 2. _______（那个乐队）do you like best 3.________(科技) is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) changed fast. 4.Who can ________(说法语) in your class.5.Mr. Wang ________(想要)go to movies with us. Correct the only wrong.1.He have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to Shanghai twice. 2. I have finished to read the book.3. Would you like anyt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing to drink 4. She is interesting in the story.5. How do you think o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f it 6. Jack will go to the movies after ten minutes. Fill in the blanks.We _____（hold）an evening party at school tonight.Lu Hai ____just_____(go) to Japan. You can’t see him now.Nobody knows what ______(be) like in 50 years.As soon as I went home, I couldn’t wait ______(turn) on the computer.He hates soap operas because he thinks they’re ______(bore) . VI. ReflectionIn this class, what I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do best is What I need to improve is
Golden saying Nobody is perfect. (人无完人)。
English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0806 Time: Designer: Xiao Tonggui Teacher: First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet Section B (2b-2e) Period Period 6 Lesson Type Reading
Learning goals 1. Master som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e new words and phrases. 2. Improve students’ reading skill.
Key & difficult points 1. Master some new words and phrases.2. Learn about the target language in the reading.
Teacher’s activities Students' act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ivities（Preview, Independent learning, Cooperation & Demonstration, Summary, Consolidation）
I.Review& Preview (12 min)1.To check if students grasp the language points in the last class.2. Students can learn about the key sentences by heart before class.II.Independent learning（12 min）III.Cooperation & Demonstration（19min）Students read the article and then answer the questions.IV. Summary（2 min）Summarize the key points in this class.V.ConsolidationTo check if students grasp the language points in this class. I.Review & Preview Translate the following phrases and words.南方的 现代的；当代的 成功（n.） 笑；笑声______介绍______粉丝___美；美丽 _属于；归属 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) record_________ ever since ________one another_______forever_____ belong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to______ introduce sb. to________过去常常做某事_________抗争_____充满感情的一支歌曲 __考虑 现代生活_________millions of________Change one’s life ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) forever ________ the number of_______ 最成功的音乐家之一 __________II.Independent learningFinish 2b Answer the two questions of the book. III. Cooperation & DemonstrationTask 1 Finish2c Task 2. Finish 2d Task 3. Finish 2e. ★1. study abroad 在国外学习 abroad副词，意为“在国外；到国外”at home and abroad2. belong to意为“属于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。To 为介词，其后只能跟名词或人称代词的宾格形式，不能接名词性无主代词或名词所有格。The bike belongs to my sister.=___________________________These clothes belong to me.=__________________________3. Sarah hasn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day.has/have been to…意为“到过……”,至现在已经回来。He has been to Beijing.(已回来)has/have gone to…意为”去了”……,现在还未回来。My father has gone to town. (还未回)4.million意为“百万”， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是数词。与具体数字连用用单数，名词直接跟，且无of。如后面名词有the ,these, those等限定词修饰或后有us, them等人称代词时，须与介词of连用。相似的词有hundred, thousand, billion等。当他们与a few, several, many连用，若他们不用复数形式则无of；若用复数形式，则of不能省。Eg:________(数百万)birds were flying over the sea. Every year several_________(百万) foreign guests come there for their vacations.5.The number of records he has sold. 他已售出的唱片数量the number of 意为“……的数量”，后跟可数名词的复数，作主语谓语动词通常用单数a mumber of 意为“许多/大量……”后跟可数名词的复数，作主语谓语动词通常用复数eg: A number of te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )achers are present today, and the number of them is 300._________students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are on the playground. _________the students is about 1500.____ (A/The)number of the flowers ____ (is/are)twelve.6. make notes 记笔记 a traditional kind of music 一种传统音乐 one day 一天Some day 某一天 the main ideas 主要思想 bring…back to把…… 带回到No more than 仅仅；只是 know well 熟悉 introduce oneself 自我介绍VI. Reflection In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this class, what I do best is What I need to improve is
Golden saying Nobody is perfect. (人无完人)。
English Teaching & Learning Plan (Grade 8)
No: 8B0807 Time: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Designer: Xiao Tonggui Teacher: First check: Final check:
Topic Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet . Section B 3a - Selfcheck Period Period 7 Lesson Type Writing& Practicing
Learning goals 1. Master some ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w words. 2. Learn to write a composition about your friends’worries.
Key & difficult points 1. Master so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me new words.2. Learn to write a composition about your friends’worries and give some advice.
Teacher’s activities Students' act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ivities（Preview, Independent learning, Cooperation & Demonstration, Summary, Consolidation）
I.Review & Preview (10 min)1.To check if students grasp the language points in the last class.2.Make students learn the key expressions by heart before class.II.Independent learning（9 min）In order to make students form a good studying habit.III. Cooperation & Demonstration（23 min）Improve students’ writing skills.IV.Summary（3 min）V.ConsolidationTo check if students grasp the language points in this class. I.Review & Preview 1.Finish the following phrases珠宝，财富_______岛______充满……的_______ belong to______ introduce sb. to________过去常常做某事______抗争_____ Change one’s life forever ________ the number of______听说_______充满精力_________一定是_________两周以后___________在25页________充满感情的一支歌曲 __考虑 现代生活_________millions of________Change one’s life ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) forever ________ the number of_______成功（v.） (adj.)_________2. Write out the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast and past participle forms of the following verbs.answer__________ is __________ plan __________ study__________ arrive_________play____________ have__________ remind __________ write __________ put___________do ________ cut_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ sell__________ know __________ bring__________find________II. Independent learningTask 1. Finish 3a by yourself.III. Cooperation & DemonstrationTask 1. Fini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh 3b. Write an article about the singer or writer you know well. Task 2. Finish Self Check. IV. Summary How to write an article about a person..V.Consolidation Complete the following sentences.1. As a _______(succ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess) businessman ,he always gives a lot of money to the charities.2. The two ______(sing)came from Beatles. 3. Do you think it______ (look) good on me.4. _____you _______(introduce)this singer to others 5. Harry Potter was ______(write)by J.K Rowing.6. I ________(finish)writing an e-mail to my good friends. Translate the following sentences.从这幅画中你还能看到其他的东西吗？______ ______can you still see in the picture.现代科技正发展的越来越快。_________ ___________is developing faster and faster.这些房子都是属于Molly的，她很富有。These houses _____ ___ Molly. She’s very rich.去年他出国了，到现在还没回来。He went______ last year, and he_____ returned yet.在西湖旅游时，我们享受到了大自然的美丽。We enjoyed the__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____of ______while we were traveling around the West Lake. 从那时起到现在，Tom卖了多少张唱片？How many records ____ Tom_____ ever since.VI. Reflection In this clas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, what I do best is What I need to improve is
Golden saying Nobody is perfect. (人无完人)。
　现在完成时讲解
一． 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )(done)
二．　句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
　　　　　　　No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三．用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
　　I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
　　 Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
　　①for+时段
　　②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
　　③since+时段+ago
　　④since+从句（过去时）
　　●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
　　Mary has been ill for three days.
　　I have lived here since 1998.
　四．　has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
　　 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
五．现在完成时的标志　　
　1.　现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
　* 以already, ju ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st和yet为标志
　　He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。
　　* 以ever和never为标 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )志　
This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。
　　* 以动作发生的次数为标志
　　He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
　　* 以so far（到目前为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )止）为标+before
　He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
　* 　①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志

注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

　六．过去分词
　　 　1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
　　(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
　　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
　　(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
　　live---lived---lived ,
　　(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
　　(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
　　2 、不规则动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )：
　　AAA型
　　原型 过去式 过去分词
burst burst burst
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
　　cast cast cast
　　cost cost cost
　　cut cut cut
　　hit hit hit
　　

　　put put put
　　set set set
　　shut shut shut
　　spread spread spread
read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
　　AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
　　run ran run
　　come came come
　　特殊情况
　　ABB型
　　bring brought brought
　　buy bought bought
　　build built built
　　burn burnt burnt
　　catch caught caught
　　dig dug dug
　　feel felt felt
　　fight fought fought
　　find found found
　　hear heard heard
　　hold held held
　　keep kept kept
　　lay laid laid
　　lead led led
　　lose lost lost
　　make made made
　　meet met met
　　sell sold sold
　　shoot shot shot
　　sit sat sat
　　stand stood stood
　　sweep swept swept
　　teach taught taught
　　tell told told
　　think thought thought
　　win won won
　　ABC型
　　begin began begun
　　blow blew blown
　　break broke broken
　　choose chose chosen
　　draw drew drawn
　　drive drove driven
　　drink drank drunk
　　fly flew flown
　　forgive forgave forgiven
　　forget forgot forgotten
　　freeze froze frozen
　　give gave given
　　grow grew grown
　　know knew known
　　ride rode ridden
　　rise rose risen
　　ring rang rung
　　shake shook shaken
　　sing sang sung
　　sink sank sunk
　　swim swam swum
　　throw threw thrown
　　write wrote written
七． 瞬间动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
buy----have borrow -----keep
come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in
go out----be out leave ----be away
begin-----be on finish----be over
　　open----be open close -----be closed
die----be dead
★1.have代替buy
　　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
　　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
　　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
　　★5、用wear代替put on
　　b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )
　　1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
　　3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
　　5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
　　7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
　　9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
　　c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
　　1“be＋on”代start, begin
　　2“be＋up”代get up
　　3“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
　　4“be here (t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等
　　d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
　　1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
　　2.用be in the army 代替join the army
　　3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
　　常用瞬间动词变延续性动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )表：
　　1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached e/gone/moved to sw.
　　→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
　　2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
　　3. have come/gone out →have been out
　　4. have become → have been
　　5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
　　6. have got up → have been up；
　　7. have died → have been dead；
　　8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
　　9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
　　10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
　　11. have married → have been married；
　　12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
　　13. have begun → have been on
　　14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
　　15. have lost → haven’t had
　　16. have put on →have worn
　　17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
　　18. have got to know → have known
　　19. have/has gone to → have been in
　　20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…

现在完成时练习(一)
A)选用have, has填空:
1.I _______ told him the news.
2.She ________ come back from school.
3.You ________ won the game.
B)按要求改写下列各句:
4.They have bought a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) computer.(改成否定句)
_________________________________________
5.He has lost his b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook.
(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
_________________________________________
C) 单项选择
6. -Where have you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____, Kate
　-I've ______ to the bank.
A. gone, gone　B. been, been　C. gone, been　D. been, gone
7. Her grandfath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ______ for two years.
A. died　B. has died　C. has been dead　D. has been died
8. It's six w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeks ______ I met you last.
A. when　B. since　C. before　D. for
9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.
A. have got　B. have gone to　C. have been to　D. have reached
现在完成时练习（二）
一、 单项选择。
1、Both h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he
　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
　 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it will be even ______ .
　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
　 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　　Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
　　Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
　 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
　　 —Really When _____ there
　　Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
　　Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet
　　 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
　　Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
　　Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
　11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
　　Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
　 12、—Do you know him well
　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
　 13、—How long have you ____ here
　　—About two months .
　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
　 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
　　Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
　 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom,
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle____for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、 句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, （改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
____　＿＿＿＿　they been here
3、The old man _________ last year. He＿＿＿＿
for a year. (die) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　 Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、 他昨天收到一封信。
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？
参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
二、句型转换。
1、has he 2、How long 3、died, has been dead
4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago
7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？