新课标新教材（2019版）阅读能力分析课件(共56张PPT)

(共56张PPT)
阅读能力分析-新课标新教材（人教版2019）
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前言
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正文
(一)、信息获取与加工
(二)、逻辑推理与论证；批判性思维
(三)、语言组织与表达
(四)、特殊性的题型
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结尾
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附属
前言
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前言
首先探讨难度，据颁布两项文献建立新高考Ⅰ卷以来试题难度和区分度都比较稳定(指无怪题、平稳过渡)在题目难度方面我们应该根据所在年纪和英语地区/市水平合理安排难度，并且应当逐渐增加难度。考查难度不同层次的文章理解能力。在选材方面应该具有当年的新情况或往年纪念报道/往年典型事，再具有一定的知识性、实用性和生活化，内容需有吸引性、丰富性、人文性和富有价值性（批注：需与学生的生活环境经验和学科知识相关）。据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020修订）》和《中国高考评价体系》中命题时需注意考察要点（文章主旨、细节信息、逻辑关系、推理判断和作者观点等）方面的理解能力。
前言
第二来探讨题型在新高考中我们会遇见多样性题型，在备考期间我们应该熟悉各种题型的要求和答题技巧并且指出针对性训练。在新高考中我们须采用适合自己的阅读策略（如快速浏览、定位浏览/关键信息、理解上下文等方法）来在考场上或生活中提高自己的效率和准确性。在我们阅读题干时应当做出标记（如题目要求、关键词和限定词）来确定题目的隐含意思。在理解方式上我们还得清楚段落之间的逻辑关系、过渡词语和段落主题。理解清楚之后我们就开始理解主旨和中心思想，在考试中虽然是选择题出频率少但是基本每年都考得2.5分题目。在理解这方面我们可以分析标题、首尾段路及关键词来捕捉核心信息要点。
前言
第三来探讨词汇。据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020修订)》对于新高考考试考生掌握词汇在3000个单词，含义务教育阶段1500个单词，但是据各地/市教材不同之词汇上定之大约3500-5000词汇为高中生应得达到标准。通过大量阅读练习，积累阅读材料和扩充词汇量。同时我们也应当扩大短语搭配量，在考试中我们会遇见一些固定搭配和非固定搭配来修饰文章。最后我们来结合两项文献探讨一下文体。据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020修订)》和《中国高考评价体系》中我们可以看出分说明文、议论文和夹叙夹议。说明文的语言风格通常较为正式、客观，使用较多的事实、数据、统计和逻辑推理，以传达准确的信息和观点。记叙文的语言风格较为生动、感性，注重描写细节、情感表达和修辞手法的运用，以营造故事情境和引起读者情感共鸣
前言
阅读理解能力涉及到理解内容主要分明以下三大点
1.理解明示的信息：
(1)理解主旨大意
(2)理解重要信息或细节
(3)理解作者明确表达的观点、态度或感情等
2.理解隐含的意义：
(1)概括主旨大意
(2)推断隐含的单词、短语、句子所表达的意义
(3)推断作者的观点、态度或感情等
前言
Stage 1
根据上下文猜测单词和短语的意思
Stage 2
理解文章中：表述的修辞手法及其效果
Stage 3
理解句子与句子之间的逻辑关系
Stage 5
理解全文的手法与行文特征
Stage 4
运用衔接手：段理解篇章中各部分之间的关系
运用语言特征理解文章：
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(一)、信息获取与加工
这类题型属于细节理解题和主旨大意
主要是将信息识别、获取与加工是解决问题的重要的基础能力，要求学生能辨识模型、图标、数据、文本中的类型信息。从中提取出关键内容，建立关键信息之间的逻辑关联，并有关已学知识进行嫁接整合。还有的是把握全文主旨大意和中心思想能力，来以便善于判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维。从此来体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，通过文字的字里行间中来获取和加工
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命题规律
【细节理解】
应用文：在新高考命题中选材而言主要是广告、说明书和新闻报道。无论是哪篇体裁都会涉及到该题型
记叙文：该文体主要是围绕事件六要素来记叙事情发生的过程，也以便命题。该文体主要有概括文章的主旨或标题和写作中心思想/目的，来以此考察学生的获取信息和加工概括能力
议论文：在阅读理解中的设问也是会按照行文段落的顺序依次设置。其主要目的是用该题型考查学生对文章的基本观点和基本事实理解和判断
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【主旨大意】
语篇主旨：针对全文进行提问。考查文章主旨大意来方便考生选出文章的最佳标题
段落主旨：针对某一段或几个段落的中心思想(主题)提问。考查段落的主旨大意来方便考生选出文章的最佳标题
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关键信息定位：在阅读过程中可以将文章频繁提及的、有意义的和词组画出来。方便在题目中寻找定位方向
同义词来定位：在文章中寻找关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同一意思性质的。该方法就是将意思相同的词的基础上"改头换面"
篇章主旨的主题句主要出现在首段和末段：而段落主旨可能会出现在首句、末句及也有可能出现在上下文中需要考生快速浏览寻找
主旨大意题：型应先弄清文章的主旨大意再来拟定标题
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解题突破
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解题突破
考虑标题对文章概括及覆盖时应注意以下三点(1.概括不够2.过渡概括3.用事实、细节替换的过于抽象化：)
选择标题时候应该要注意醒目性：用突出重点、简洁语言、新颖标题来选择。【注意：概括念的词汇要按照一定的语法为概括主题句或中心思想的词汇/组基座】
总结：在阅读中精准快速定位和理解文章再加上较强理解力才能保证做题的正确率。所以学生们得坚持不懈的练习、总结、归纳
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题目解读
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Wanna know how you can learn all of your favorite phrases easily from all of your favorite anime Duolingo and Crunchyroll have teamed up to create a fast tracked learning program for anime fans like you! To help language learners and anime fans dive deeper, Crunchyroll and Duolingo are also providing limited-time promotions of their subscriptions.
In celebration of all things anime, Crunchyroll and Duolingo have partnered to bring “Over 9000” , nearly 50 iconic phrases from fan-favorite anime into immersive Japanese lessons on Duolingo.
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"Anime is a dynamic medium and we know viewers have a curiosity for learning. Now on Duolingo, fans worldwide can celebrate anime through learning iconic phrases from their favorite series," said Terry Li, Senior Vice President of Emerging Business, Crunchyroll. "We also hope anime-curious learners will be intrigued by their Japanese lessons on Duolingo and will explore all that anime has to offer on Crunchyroll."
Nearly a third (26%) of Duolingo Japanese learners cite fun, like watching their favorite anime shows, as their top motivation for learning. Japanese is the third most popular language for English speakers to learn on Duolingo.Not only can you watch more anime and understand, but you'll be able to have simple conversations with people at anime conventions and other fun get togethers.
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"We chose to partner with the leader in anime entertainment, Crunchyroll, to advance our Japanese course because we know watching TV shows and films in the language you're studying is a great way to learn and we wanted to offer our learners a way to further immerse themselves in the Japanese language through anime," said George Audi, Senior Director of Business Development. "We hope this partnership will be as delightful to anime fans as it was for our Learning, Design and Marketing teams to work on!"
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As part of the partnership, premium Crunchyroll subscribers will be eligible for a two-month trial of Super Duolingo, the premium, ad-free tier of the language learning app. Free Crunchyroll users will be eligible for a one-month trial of Super Duolingo.
To encourage language learners looking to dive into the world of anime, Crunchyroll is also making a roundup of series with easy to understand, everyday vocabulary available on AVOD for a limited time.
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B. To offer immersive Japanese lessons with iconic anime phrases
C. To develop a language learning app for anime fans
D. To provide promotions for Crunchyroll subscriptions
答案：「B」用标志性的动漫短语提供身临其境的日语课程。正如文本所解释的，Duolingo和Crunchyroll合作，将粉丝最喜欢的动漫中的近50个标志性短语带入Duolingo的沉浸式日语课程中。该伙伴关系的目的是帮助语言学习者和动漫迷更深入地了解日本语言和文化
题目：Why did Duolingo and Crunchyroll team up
A. To create a new anime series
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题目：What is the best title for the text
A. "Crunchyroll and Duolingo Partnership: Learn Japanese Through Anime"
B. Duolingo Offers Free Crunchyroll Subscriptions for Anime Fans
C. Crunchyroll and Duolingo Create Exclusive Anime Content
D. Learn Japanese through Anime with Duolingo and Crunchyroll"
答案：「A」选项A概括全文中心要点没有只提及部分。如B选项错误原因因为只有高级Crunchyroll订阅者才有资格参加Duolingo促销。如C选项错误原因因为合作关系主要侧重于日语学习和推广现有动漫内容，而不是制作新的动漫节目。如D选项错误原因因为文本只提到了动漫系列中的"近50个标志性短语"，并不表明这是一个全面的语言学习计划
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(二)、逻辑推理与论证；批判性思维
这类题型属于推理判断。逻辑推理与论证指事实或理论出发，经由准确、充分的论证距链和清晰、严密的逻辑链，从而推导出合理论据的思维过程。该种题型包括推理和判断俩种类型题目。这俩种题往往是相互依据而纯在的。推理又要求理解原文表面上的文字信息的基础上，又得做出一定的判断和推理依据来获得文章中的隐含意义和深层意义。其中推理是为做出正确判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理
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命题规律
【推理判断】
推理出结论：这种题型要求根据提供的信息推断出一个结论。答案通常是从文章中的直接信息或间接信息中推断出来的，需要进行逻辑思考和推理
推断作者意图：这类问题要求根据文章内容来推断作者的意图、观点或态度。需要仔细理解文章的观点，分析作者在文章中的表达方式，以及通过作者的选择和措辞来推断作者的意图
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推断事实与细节：这类问题要求从文章中推断出某个事实或细节。答案通常可以通过对文章的直接陈述或暗示进行仔细阅读和分析来找到
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推断因果关系：这类问题要求根据提供的信息推断出因果关系。需要注意文章中的因果连接词或表达方式，找到前因和后果之间的关系
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推断类比与比较：这类问题要求根据文章中的信息进行类比或比较。可能需要找到文章中的相似性或差异性，并推断出类比或比较的对象
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抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
抓住文章中某一段话中的关键信息，来对关键词和短语去分析、推理、判断从而来利用逆向和正向思维来探索其中的隐含含义
整合全文(段落)信息去进行推断
弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，来结合去推理判判断来得出最佳结论
利用主题语境的褒贬信息差来判断
大部分文章中主题语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种性质从而很好反应出主人公的特点心理和情绪及作者的写作意图
解题突破
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解题突破
文章的结论推断出作者的不同态度：中推断过程中我们应该特别注意文章用的作者措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词
据上下问的逻辑性来得出不同结论：逻辑结论是严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证一系列论据材料来进行推断，而不是根据自己的片面想法来去理解文章所想表达的内涵
结合已有的知识去进行文章的推断：运用已掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方式。推断题都是针对细节来出发的
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题目解读
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The study was led by Marlene Schwartz, a psychologists (心理学家) who studies obesity (肥胖). Her group studied some 600 middle-school students. Over three years, students from 12 different schools were asked about their breakfasts. Throughout the study about 34%-44% of all students said that they regularly ate breakfast at home. Up to 17%, or almost one in every six kids, regularly ate breakfast at school. Overall (总的来说), about one in every 10 kids reported eating breakfasts both at home and at school. Eating habits changed somewhat as the kids got older.
Breakfast is food for the brain and for the rest of your body. And downing those morning calories is worth it, even for people worried about their weight, a new study finds.
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Surprisingly, at every age, kids who ate breakfast were less possible to be overweight. This was true even for those who ate breakfast at home and at school. It also found that students who skipped breakfast most often were those most likely to be overweight. These findings may seem puzzling. Yet Schwartz's team can think of several possible explanations.
For example, fifth graders were more likely to regularly eat breakfast at home. But by seventh grade, 22% of the studied kids often skipped breakfast.
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Skipping breakfast may set people to be "over-hungry" later in the day, she says. Then someone may eat more food than their body needs. What's more, not eating regularly in the morning stops our brains and bodies from working properly. It's very difficult for kids to stay concentrated in class without having breakfast.
But why should eating two breakfasts not lead to weight gain One explanation may be that school breakfasts are very healthy and controlled in size. Also, most of the double-breakfast eaters are boys. These kids are so active and actively growing up that they need more calories. They often eat twice as much as other people.
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题目：What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Kids who are growing up more actively need more energy
B．All the kids should eat more to stay healthy
C．Eating two breakfasts will lead to weight gain
D．Schools must provide healthy breakfasts
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答案：根据最后一段"But why should eating two breakfasts not lead to weight gain One explanation may be that school breakfasts are very healthy and controlled in size. Also, most of the double-breakfast eaters are boys. These kids are so active and actively growing up that they need more calories. They often eat twice as much as other people.(但是为什么吃两顿早餐不会导致体增加呢？一种解释可能是，学校的早餐非常健康，而且早餐的量受到控制。还有就是，大部分吃双份早餐的孩子是男孩。这些孩子活跃并且得快。他们经常吃别人的两倍)"可知，从最后一段我们可以推断出，活跃并且长得快的孩子吃的多，因为他们需要更多的能量。故选A项。
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(三)、语言组织与表达
这类题型属于词义猜测：在语言组织与表达上根据对应问题情境的需要，合理地观察文章的上下文的单词/短语。灵活运用所传达的信息差来猜测出词义。考生应该掌握大量的课外(指课本约的3500词)词汇，通过同义、定义、同位、联想、上下文线索等确定题目所需要的词汇
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根据文章所提供的材料信息：并且结合已有的常识和经验，来正确判断生词的含义或熟词在特点语境中表达具体含义及一些句子的意思
理清文章的：人物或者事物之间的逻辑关系是问题所在点
命题规律
【词义猜测】
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学会分析待推测词的词根、前缀、后缀或词源，这些元素可能会给出一些关于词义的提示。如果您熟悉一些常见的词根、词缀或词源，就可以更好地理解和推测词义
注意上下文中是否出现了与待推测词义相反或相似的词语，这些词语可能提供关于词义的线索。反义词和近义词的出现可以帮助您缩小词义的范围
词根、词缀和词源
反义词和近义词
上下文暗示：注意上下文中的其他词语、短语或句子，它们可能会给出关于待推测词义的暗示。寻找上下文中的关联词、转折词或解释性词语，这些词语往往能够提供线索
正文语境推测：根据句子结构、语法规则和逻辑关系，尝试推测待推测词在句子中的作用或关系。例如，词义可能是一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，通过理解其在句子中的功能，可以推测出其词义4类比推测：将待推测词与已知的词语进行比较，尝试找出它们之间的相似性或关系。这种类比推测可以帮助您推测出待推测词的词义5正文
题目解读
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In the middle of a field in a lesser known part of Ireland is a large mound where sheep wander and graze freely. Had they been in that same location centuries ago, these animals might have been stiff with terror, held aloft by chanting, costumed celebrants while being sacrificed to demonic spirits that were said to inhabit nearby Oweynagat cave.
Spread across more than two square miles of rich agricultural land, Rathcroghan encompasses 240 archaeological sites, dating back 5,500 years. They include burial mounds, ring forts (settlement sites), standing stones, linear earthworks, an Iron Age ritual sanctuary—and Oweynagat, the so-called gate to hell.
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An expert in Irish folklore, explains that pre-Christian Irish divided each year into summer and winter. Within that framework were four festivities. Imbolc, on February 1, was a festival that coincided with lambing season. Bealtaine, on May 1, marked the end of winter and involved customs like washing one's face in dew, plucking the first blooming flowers, and dancing around a decorated tree. August 1 heralded Lughnasadh, a harvest festival dedicated to the god Lugh and presided over by Irish kings. Then on October 31 came Samhain, when one pastoral year ended and another began.
More than 2,000 years ago, when Ireland's communities seem to have worshipped nature and the land itself, it was here at Rathcroghan that the Irish New Year festival of Samhain (SOW-in) was born, says archaeologist and Rathcroghan expert Daniel Curley. In the 1800s, the Samhain tradition was brought by Irish immigrants to the United States, where it morphed into the sugar overload that is American Halloween.
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Those same privileged people may have lived at Rathcroghan. The remaining, lower-class Connachta communities resided in dispersed farms and descended on the site only for festivals. At those lively events they traded, feasted, exchanged gifts, played games, arranged marriages, and announced declarations of war or peace.
While Irish people for centuries knew this site was home to Rathcroghan, it wasn't until the 1990s that a team of Irish researchers used remote sensing technology to reveal its archaeological secrets beneath the ground.
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B. It is a ring fort used for settlement in ancient times
C. It is a gateway to the underworld
D. It is a standing stone used for rituals
答案：【C】文章中提到Oweynagat是所谓的"通往地狱的门"
题目：What is the significance of Oweynagat
A. It is an archaeological site at Rathcroghan
(四)、特殊性的题型
这类题型属于文章来源。要求考生根据提供的文章信息，推断文章的来源或出处。考生需要注意文章中的特定词语、表达方式、语气、观点等信息，以及与文章相关的背景知识。平时多进行阅读练习，了解不同类型的文章和不同来源的特点，可以帮助考生更好地解答文章来源题型
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正文命题规律：【文章来源】说明文章来源：这种题型可能要求学生根据文章的内容推断文章的来源，例如报纸、杂志、学术期刊、广告等。学生需要注意文章中可能出现的特定词语、术语、风格或语气等线索，来判断文章的来源1正文
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综合其他题目信息：在解答文章来源题型时，学生可以结合其他题目信息进行推断。例如，题目中可能提供了与文章来源相关的信息，如标题、副标题、导语等，学生可以利用这些信息来推断文章的来源
推断作者身份：有时，文章来源题型也会要求学生推断文章的作者身份。这要求学生根据文章中的观点、立场、背景信息等线索，来推断作者可能是哪类人物，例如科学家、政治家、专家等
正文注意文章的特征：仔细阅读文章，并注意文章的特征，例如语气、风格、表达方式和专业术语等。不同的来源可能有不同的特征，比如新闻报道通常会使用客观、中立的语气，而评论文章可能更加主观1寻找特定线索：文章中可能存在特定的线索，可以帮助确定文章的来源。注意文章中的引用、作者署名、出版日期、机构名称、版权信息等。这些线索通常会暗示文章的来源或出处2解题突破：正文
结合背景知识
运用自己的背景知识和常识，结合文章中的信息进行推断。如果文章涉及特定的领域、学科或事件，可以利用自己对相关领域的了解来推测文章的来源
对比不同来源的特点
对不同类型的文章来源进行了解和比较，了解它们的特点和写作风格。这样可以更好地辨别文章的来源，并根据文章的特征来推断正确的答案
排除干扰选项
注意排除干扰选项。某些选项可能是与文章内容相关，但并不是文章的真实来源。通过对选项进行逐一分析和排除，可以提高准确性
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题目解读
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Dramas
Drama is a kind of stage art which fuses (融合) dance, drama and music. There are many excellent original dramas, bringing audience visual feasts. Here are four representatives.
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (AmericanLos AngelesTheatre, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
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When fifteen-year-old Deirdre is sent to live with her cousins in 1995, she gets a job at the local video store where she falls in love with movies. The story is funny and heartwarming. This musical shines a light on growing up in the mid-90's and honors the now-extinct video store. For those who are missing life in the 90's, like songs and movies at that time, this show will touch them.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
Be Kind, Rewind
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Directed by Damien chazele and starring Ryan Gosling and J. K. Simmons, the comedy song and dance film tells a romantic love story in Los Angeles. The two heroes encourage each other to achieve each other on the road in order to pursue their dreams in love. The film was released in Chinese Mainland on February 14, 2017. (West Park Presbyterian Theatre, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14.(Schoenfeld Theatre, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
La La Land
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题目：Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper
C.An interview. D. In a movie poster
答案: D；从文中可以看出，本文是一个介绍四部舞台剧作品的文本，其中还包括了剧目的演出时间、地点、演员等信息。因此本文很有可能来自电影海报上。因此答案为D
结尾
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结尾
阅读能力还考察学生对不同类型文本的理解、分析和综合能力
阅读能力是一个重要的考核内容，对学生的语言理解、综合分析和批判性思维能力有着较高的要求
除了具备良好的语言表达和理解能力，学生还需要掌握相关的阅读技巧和策略，以在有限的时间内取得较好的阅读成绩
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结尾
本次阅读理解中"阅读能力分析"板块专题主要根据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020修订)》、《高考政策》和《中国高考评价体系》来改编编写
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