人教版（2019） 必修 第三册Unit4 Space Exploration趣味单词重点词汇讲解课件 （共89张PPT）

(共89张PPT)
必修三Unit 4 词汇
1.astronaut[ str n t]
n.宇航员；太空人
整天去星星(astro)上闹腾(nau-t)的人，就是宇航员(astronaut)。
词根astro- (star, outer space 星辰、外太空) +naut (sailor航行，航海的)
astronomy n. 天文学
2.procedure[pr si ]
n.程序；步骤；手续
pro- (forward 向前) + ced (to go 行走) + -ure (名词后缀：表示方式) → 前行的方式 → 步骤；手续；程序
Proceed vi. 开始；继续进行；发生；行进
pro-前+-ceed-行走，前进，进行，
3.mental [ m ntl]
adj.精神的，思想的
词源同 mind，词根 men (to think)
词块：physical and mental health
派生词：mentally
physical adj.身体的;物理的
physically adv.身体上
eg.保持身心健康
keep physicall and mentally healthy
keep physical and mental health
5.intelligent[ n t l nt]
adj.有智慧的，聪明的，有智力的
联想记忆法:
in：里面的；tell：告诉，里面的人告诉的
情报做间谍情报工作的人必须的很聪明才行；有智慧才行。
a person of high/low intelligence智力高/低的人
intelligence quotient ['kwo nt] 智商(IQ)
artificial intelligence人工智能(AI)
【背佳句】With the help of intelligent machines,we will have an easier life.
在智能机器的帮助下,我们将会过更容易的生活。
练出神 单句填空
①According to the study,hugging a child every day is more likely to make him or her more　　　　　　 (intelligence).
②The closer the blood relationship is between two people,the closer they are in 　　　　　　(intelligent).
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
③车厢配备了5G信号,智能照明,以及无线充电桩。
The carriages are equipped with 5G signals,　　　　　　 　　　　　　,as well as wireless charging docks.
intelligent
intelligence
intelligent lighting
6.rocket [ r k t]
n.火箭；火箭弹
名词动词化：飞速上升；飞驰
单词用法
rocket用作名词的意思是“火箭” ，转化成动词的意思是“飞快地移动”，表示射弹般地快速上升，强调速度快而猛，难以控制。引申可表示“迅速增加”。
7.gravity [ gr v ti]
n.重力；引力
联想记忆法
grav(重)；ity（名词后缀），重的名词=重力。
对比记忆法
词根“grav”的意思是“重”。
aggravate = ag + grav + ate表加重，加剧。
grave表严重的，
gravity表重力，
grieve表悲伤，悲痛，
grief是grieve的名词。
我们看到，词根“lev”和“grav”意义相反，其构成的单词alleviate，relieve，relief和aggravate，grieve，grief意义也恰好相反。
8.frontier [ fr nt ]
n.边境；国界；边远地区
组合记忆法
front（前方）+ier（名词后缀）=frontier（v前沿）
谐音记忆法
谐音：否认替爹，木兰否认替爹守边疆。
9.vehicle [ vi kl]
n.交通工具；车辆
正式用语
隐喻：具体的“交通工具” → 抽象的“手段 / 工具”
veh（way）路+-icle名词词尾，工具（有点像cycle：圆的，轮子），道路上圆的有轮子的，车。【同源词】way
谐音记忆法：喂一口，给车辆喂一口油
10.universe[ ju n v s]
n.宇宙；天地万物
uni- (one 一) + verse (to turn 转) → 转为一体的 → 宇宙
用法：与 the 连用
派生词：universal adj. 全体的；普遍的
11.determine[d t m n]
vt.查明；确定；决定
词根de-加强意义+-termine-限定（如：term学期，引申为期、期限，说明有时间限制的）
于是连起来就就是强调在这个期限内，引申为：划界限，定目标，朝目标走
词块：determine to do sth
词族：determine, determined, determination
12.determined[d t m nd]
adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
(1)be determined to do sth 决心做某事（状态）
be determined that...决定……
(2)determine v.查明;确定;决定
determine to do sth 决定做某事（动作）
determine on/upon决定;决心
(3)determination n.意志;决心
【背佳句】They determined to face the difficulties in their lives with a positive state of mind.
他们决定以积极的心态去面对他们生活中的困难。
练出神 单句填空
①Whenever I meet with difficulties,this experience inspires me to be brave and 　　　　　　(determine) so that I can achieve everything.
②After that,Zhang just moved on to the next project,determined
　　　　　　(build) a safe path for the village to the main water source.
③The 　　　　　　(determine) look on her face suggested that Mary wouldn’t give up her dream.
determined　
to build　
determined　
13.satellite[ s t la t]
n.人造卫星；卫星
satellite communication卫星通信
14.launch[l n ]
n.&vt.发射；发起；上市
词源义“投掷 (长矛)”，
引申词义“发射；发动” (可联系嫦娥五号)
launch
2020年11月24日4时30分，我国在中国文昌航天发射场，用长征五号遥五运载火箭成功发射探月工程嫦娥五号探测器（China launched the Chang’e 5 lunar probe at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, aboard the heavy-lift carrier rocket Long March-5）。
12月17日，嫦娥五号返回舱安全着陆，带回了近2公斤的月球样品，首次实现了我国地外天体采样返回。
据词源考证，launch来自 lance“长矛”，原指“掷出长矛”，词源义及基本义为“投掷”。
launch 语义网络图
“投掷”船或火箭
使（船）下水；发射
把……投放市场
发射
v
把产品“投掷”到市场
“投掷”活动等
发动；创办
n
发起
投掷
launch
（基本义）
（新产品的）投放市场；（新书的）发行
15.orbit [ b t]
n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围；vi.&vt.沿轨道运行、环绕……运行
in orbit在轨道上；在轨道上运行；[俚语]飘飘然
earth orbit地球轨道
16.giant [ a nt] adj.巨大的；伟大的；n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
giant panda[动]大熊猫；大猫熊
17.leap [li p]
n.跳跃；剧增；剧变；vi.&vt.跳过；跃过
leap forward跃进；向前跳；快速发展
18.mankind [m n ka nd] n.人类
man(人)+kind(善良的)；记忆方法：人的善良才是真正的人类天性。
19.agency[ e nsi]
n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
travel agency旅行社
20.transmit[tr nz m t]
vi.&vt.传输；发送
trans- (cross 横过) + mit (to send 送) →
输送；传送
21.data [ de t ]
n.[pl.]资料；数据
词块：
collect / gather data,
data bank,
big data
22.disappointed
[ d s p nt d]
adj.失望的；沮丧的
disappoint + -ed (分词形容词)
disappoint: dis- (不、非、使相反) + appoint (指定、任命) → 没有指定、任命 → 使失望
词族: disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
22.Disappointed
[ d s p nt d]
adj.失望的；沮丧的
(1)be disappointed at/by sth对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望
(2)disappoint vt.使失望
disappointing adj.令人失望的
(3)disappointment n.失望
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
练出神 单句填空
①I was completely 　　　　　　(disappoint) to know that Bob had given up his plan.
②We expected to win,so a draw was a 　 　　　　　(disappoint)result for us.
③The 　　　　　　(disappoint) expression on his face suggested that he hadn’t passed the driving test.
④My parents will be disappointed 　　　　　me if I am not admitted into a key university.
disappointed
disappointing
disappointed
with/in　
23.desire [d za ]
n.渴望；欲望；vt.渴望；期望
(1)have the desire to do sth 有做某事的愿望/欲望
desire for sth 对某事的渴望
(2)desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire that sb(should) do sth 期望某人做某事
(3)desirable adj.理想的;值得做的
练出神 单句填空
①Those poor girls have a strong desire 　　　　　　(receive) education to change their fates.
②All of us desire 　　　　　　freedom,happiness and wealth.
③We desire that immediate help 　　　　 　　(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④既然你有学习中国文化的强烈愿望,我认为北京语言大学是你理想的去处。
Now that you 　　　 　　　 　　　 　　 　 　　 　Chinese culture,I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
to receive　
for
(should) be given
have a strong desire to learn
24.carry on[ k ri n]
继续做，坚持干
carry on with sth 继续某事;坚持某事
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry out实施;开展;执行
carry away拿走;带走;搬走;使激动;使着迷
carry off抢走;窃走;赢得;摘走奖牌
carry through完成;帮助……渡过难关
练出神 单句填空
①They’ll carry 　　　　　with their plan even though they meet with the financial crisis.
②In North America,millions of monarch butterflies carry　　　　 the longest migration of any insect species known to scientists.
③Her great determination carried the team 　 　　the hard times in the 1970s.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④虽然钟医生已经80多岁了,但他依旧每天努力工作。
Although Dr.Zhong is in his eighties,he 　　　 　　　 　　every day.
on
out
through
carries on working hard
25.ongoing[ g ]
adj.持续存在的；仍在运行的；不断发展的
来自于动词go on(继续)
合成形容词
说出下列合成形容词的汉语释义。
out + going → outgoing adj _______________
best + selling → bestselling adj _______________
good + looking → good-looking adj _______________
hard + working → hard-working adj _______________
out + standing → outstanding adj _______________
easy + going → easy-going adj _______________
on + going → ongoing adj _______________
in + coming → incoming adj _______________
外向的
畅销的
好看的 / 漂亮的
工作努力的
优秀的 / 杰出的
随和的
持续进行的
（短信、邮件等） 进来的
“形容词 / 副词 + 动词-ing”可构成合成形容词。“形容词 + 动词-ing 形式”类合成形容词实际上是由系表结构转化而来的；“副词 + 动词-ing” 类合成形容词往往是由“不及物动词 + 副词”转化而来的。
26.on board [ n b d]
在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
board
核心词义
n. 布告牌；木板；委员会
v. 登上（船、火车、飞机）
27.independently [ nd p nd ntli]
adv.独立地；自立地
in-，不，非，dependence，依靠。即不依靠的，独立的。
(1)independent adj.独立的;自立的
independence n. 独立;自立
(2)depend vi. 依靠;依赖
depend on依靠;依赖;取决于
That/It all depends.视情况而定。
练出神 单句填空
①Our English teacher often encourages us to think________________ (independent) and have our own opinions.
②Going away to college has made my daughter more
　　　　　　　　(independence).
③Taking on the right amount of responsibility and __________________
(independent) can push you towards becoming a successful teenager.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④不仅我的英语口语而且我独立生活的能力都得到了很大的提高。
Not only my spoken English,but also my ability to
　　　 　 　　　　　　　has improved a lot.
independently　
independent
independence
live independently
29.spacecraft [ spe skrɑ ft] n.航天器；字宙飞船
space (太空) + craft (船只、飞行器) → 航天器；宇宙飞船，单复数同形
合成名词
说出下列合成名词的汉语释义。
space + walk → spacewalk n _______________
space + craft → spacecraft n _______________
man + kind → mankind n _______________
smart + phone → smartphone n _______________
heart + break → heartbreak n _______________
earth + quake → earthquake n _______________
fire + work → firework n _______________
chair + man → chairman n _______________
太空行走
航天器；宇宙飞船
人类
智能手机
心碎；悲伤
地震
烟火；烟花
主席；董事长
近、现代英语中有大量的合成名词，其意思可以通过构成该合成词的单个词的意思推导出来。
33.signal [ s gnl]
vi.&vt.标志着；标明；发信号；
n.信号；标志
sign记号+al的=signal显著的词根联想上面带有特殊记号的东西，看起来是显著的。
signal
traffic signals
交通信号灯
a danger signal
危险信号
signal
手机信号
sign 同族词
sign
signal n 信号；暗号
signature n 署名；签名
signify v 表示；说明 ；预示
……
significance
n 重要性；（意义）重大
significant
adj 重要的；显著的
34.in the hope of doing...
抱着……的希望
(1)in the hope that...希望……
(2)hope vt.& vi.希望;期望;指望
It is/was hoped that...人们希望……
练出神 单句填空
①The police are carrying out house-to-house enquiries in the hope of
　　　　　　　(find) the missing girl.
②Li Qiang wanted to take his father to travel in the hope 　　　　　　his father could find his younger self in his last days.
③It’s hoped　　　　　　 more and more cities will establish friendly relations with foreign cities.
finding
that
that
35.so as to do...
为了；以便
(1)so as to do sth “为了;以便”,引导目的状语,只位于句中。
in order to do sth “为了;以便”,引导目的状语,既可位于句首,也可位于句中。
(2)in order that/so that...引导目的状语从句
练出神 单句填空
①In order 　　　　　　(succeed),we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
②The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July so as 　　　　　　　　(promote) the development of robotics.
③You should respect the local customs and culture so as 　　　　　(leave) a good impression on the local people.
to succeed
to promote
to leave
写精彩 同义句转换·背诵
They got up early this morning so as to catch the first train.
→④They got up early this morning 　　　　they could catch the first train.
→⑤They got up early this morning 　　　　　　　　　　they could catch the first train.
so that
in order that
36.recycle[ ri sa kl]
vt.回收利用；再利用
re- (again 再) + cycle (循环) → (使) 再循环；回收利用
派生词：recycling
37.muscle [ m sl]
n.肌肉；实力；影响力
词源：英语单词 muscle 来自拉丁语 musculus (小老鼠)。古罗马人觉得鼓起的肌肉很像一只跳跃的小老鼠。
熟词生义：体力；力气
38.lack [l k]
n.缺乏；短缺；
vt.没有；缺乏
(1)a lack of 缺少……
due to/because of/for/through (a) lack of 由于缺少……
(2)lacking adj.缺少的;不足的
be lacking in缺少……
反义表达：富含某物或某物很充足
be rich in / be abundant in
判断下列句子中lack使用是否正确。
1. She is lack of confidence.
2. She lacks of confidence.
3. She lacks in confidence.
4. She suffers from a lack of confidence.
5. She is lacking in confidence.
6. She lacks confidence.






练出神 单句填空
①Although 　　　　　　(lack) experience,he was still put in charge of the important project.
②People have to drink enough water and 　　　　　　lack of water can cause damage to the body.
③He is not lacking　　　　　　 intelligence,but diligence.
lacking　
a
in
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
因为缺钱,他们没能开始这个项目。
④ 　 .
(v.lack)
⑤____________________________________________________________
　 .(lacking in)
⑥ 　 .(due to a lack of)
Lacking money/Because they lacked money,they couldn’t start the project　
Lacking in money/Because they were lacking in money,they couldn’t start
the project　
Due to a lack of money,they couldn’t start the project
40.otherwise[ wa z]
adv.否则；要不然
other：另外的；wise：聪明的、智慧的、好的。
连起来就是：另外一种OK的事物，表示排除当前情况的另外一种情况。
Shut the window, otherwise it'll get too cold in here.
把窗户关好，不然屋子里就太冷了。
41.beyond [b j nd] prep.在更远处；超出
词块：
beyond repair / control / belief
无法修复/控制/相信
beyond the reach of sb
无法达到；超出…的能力之外
be beyond sb
超出某人的理解能力
beyond
中文名 超越 外文名 Beyond 组合成员 黄家驹（1993年逝世）、黄贯中、黄家强、叶世荣 成立时间 1983年 解散时间 2005年
代表作品 《海阔天空》《光辉岁月》《真的爱你》《大地》《冷雨夜》《喜欢你》等 beyond是“超越”的意思，乐队成员希望超越自己本身，不断创作出好的作品，这也是他们起这个名字的初衷。
42.solar [ s l ] adj.太阳的；太阳能的
sol (sun 太阳) + -ar → 太阳的；利用太阳能的
词块：
the solar system,
solar energy
44.current [ k r nt]
adj.当前的；现在的；n.水流；电流；思潮
curr- (to run 跑) + -ent (形容词词缀) → 跑动中的 → 流动的
→ 在时间里跑动 → 正在进行中 → 现行的
隐喻 ：水 / 气 / 电流 → (事件、时代等) 趋势；潮流
词族：current, currency, currently
current
电流 an electrical current
气流 air currents
洋流 ocean currents
45.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
(1)figure out the problem弄明白这个问题
figure out the bill计算账单
(2)figure on预料;指望
figure up计算;把……加起来
练出神 单句填空
①When we can’t figure 　　　　　　　exactly what he needs,he will communicate with us by using body language.
②His failure to show up at the meeting was something that I had not figured
　　　　　　.
③It took me about ten minutes to figure 　　　　　　these expenses.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④如果你不了解某个事物,你可以研究、学习和与其他人探讨,直到你把它弄清楚。
If you don’t understand something,you can research,study and talk to other people until you 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 .
out
on
up
figure it out
46.sufficient [s f nt] adj.足够的；充足的
正式用语 (对应 enough)
49.microwave [ ma kr we v]
n.(also microwave oven )微波炉
micro- (微小的) + wave (波)
52.keen [ki n]
adj.热衷的；渴望的
近义词 eager
(1)be keen on (doing) sth 热衷于(做)某事
be keen to do sth 渴望做某事
(2)keenly adv.热衷地;强烈地;敏锐地
练出神 单句填空
①Both companies were keen 　　　　　　cooperating with each other.
②Mary was keen 　　　　　　(attend) the get-together tonight,but her mother didn’t allow her to.
③His wife remains 　　　　　　(keen) interested in international affairs though she is in her sixties.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④李兰热衷于英语,但她物理不好。
Li Lan　　 　 　　 　 　　　　English,but she does not well in physics.
on
to attend
keenly　
is keen on
53.globe [ gl b]
n.地球；世界；地球仪
the globe 地球；世界
派生词：global, globally
54.argue [ ɑ gju ]
vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论
(1)argue with sb about/over/on sth 与某人就某事争论
argue for/against支持/反对;为支持/反对……而陈述理由
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n.论证;证据;争论;争吵
have an argument with sb与某人争吵
beyond argument无可争辩
练出神 单句填空
①It is no use 　　　　　　(argue) with my father over the matter,for he is too stubborn.
②It is 　　　　　　argument that smoking is harmful to health.
③We tried many ways to argue him 　　　following our advice,but in vain.
④We had an 　　　　　　(argue) with the waiter about the bill.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
⑤我支持这项活动,因为它有利于学生的身心健康。
I 　　　　　 　　　　　　　the activity because it will benefit the students both physically and mentally.
arguing
beyond
into
argument
argue for
56.fatal [ fe tl] adj.致命的；灾难性的
谐音记忆法
谐音：肥头
联想：头太肥是致命的
57.shallow [ l ]
adj.肤浅的；浅的
基本义“浅的”
隐喻：具体的“浅的” → 抽象的“肤浅的”
58.result in[r z lt n]
导致；造成
(1)result in=lead to=contribute to=cause“引起;导致”,其后接结果
result from=arise from“由……造成;因……而产生”,其后接原因
(2)as a result“因此;所以”,其后接结果
as a result of“因为;由于”,其后接原因
【背佳句】Climate change is warming the ocean and melting polar ice,resulting in rises in sea levels.
气候变化使海水变暖,极地冰融化,导致海平面的上升。
练出神 单句填空
①As is known to us,positive thinking and action result　　　　　success.
②As far as I am concerned,his failure in the competition resulted
　　　　　　his casual attitude.
③Quan Hongchan,a 14-year-old girl,won a gold medal at the Olympic Games. As 　　　　　　result,she became known overnight.
in
from
a
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④由于缺乏交流导致的误解,如果处理不当,可能会导致严重的问题。
Misunderstanding 　　　　　 　　　　　lack of communication,if not handled properly,may 　　　　　 　　　　　　serious problems.
resulting from
result in
59.pattern [ p t n] n.模式；模范；图案
一词多义：基本义“模式”
60.analysis [ n l s s]
n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
ana（表再次）+lys（等于loose，表松开，分开），把完整的事物再次拆开理解，理解为分析。
谐音记忆法
俺拿来细想。我仔细想一想、分析一下情况、分析分析=分析=分解。
词块：carry out / do an analysis of
派生词：analyse
63.monitor [ m n t ] n.监视器；监测仪；vt.监视；监测；监控
词源义“班长”，后引申为“显示屏；监视器”
名词动词化：监控； 监视
65.regular [ r gj l ] adj.定期的；经常的；正常的
一词多义：基本义“规则的；有规律的”
词块：regular customers / visitors / readers, regular exercise
派生词：regularly
69.resource [r s s]
n.资源；财力；物力
词块：natural / human resources
70.limited [ l m t d] adj.有限的
(1)limited time/resources/materials 有限的时间/资源/材料
(2)limit vt.限制
limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
be limited to被限制于
(3)limit n.限制;限度
there be a/no limit to...对……是有限制的/没有限制的
(4)limitless adj. 无限的
limitlessly adv. 无限地;无止境地
练出神 单句填空
①The local people continued to push for the better management of the
　　　　　　(limit) water resources in the area.
②The universe is 　　　　　(limit),because it is expanding all the time.
③There is a limit 　　　　　　how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④她的饮食仅限于面包和水。结果,她患上了营养不良。
Her food 　　　 　 　　 　　　 bread and water.As a result,she is suffering from malnutrition.
【名师点睛】
limit的相关短语中to为介词,后接名词、动名词或代词。
limited
limitless
to
is limited to
73.in closing [ n kl z ]
最后
类似含义的短语还有:
all in all,
to conclude,
In conclusion,
to sum up,
in a word,in short
74.mystery [ m st ri] n.神秘事物；谜
my-我的；stery-故事（story）的近似拼写，每个人都是一个传奇神秘故事，也都有很多传奇神秘的故事。其实人本身也是具有非常强的奥秘和神奇的一个整体。
派生词：mysterious
75.run out
用完；耗尽
(1)run out“用完;耗尽”,是不及物动词词组
run out of“从……跑出去;用完;耗尽”,是及物动词词组
(2)run across偶然遇见
run after追逐;追踪
run into撞上;偶然遇到
run over超时;轧过
【背佳句】Caring for the environment has become very important as Earth’s natural resources are running out.
保护环境已经变得很重要,因为地球的资源即将枯竭。
练出神 单句填空
①If they run out 　　　　　　certain daily necessities,Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what is needed.
②Saving is of great significance,because natural resources in our world may run 　　　　　　one day.
③With his money 　　　　　　(run) out,he had to turn to his father for help.
of
out
running　
76.attach [ t ]
vt.系；绑；贴
(1)attach...to把……绑/固定在……上
attach great importance/significance/value to...认为……有重要性/有意义/有价值
(2)be attached to附属于;依恋
(3)attachment n. 附属;附件;爱慕;喜爱
【背佳句】In order to survive the accident,David attached himself to a big wooden bucket.
为了在这次事故中活下去,大卫把自己绑在了一个大木桶上。
练出神 单句填空
①Nowadays,some young people attach more importance 　　　　　　their cellphones than to their friends.
②The significance 　　　　　　(attach) to a national day is very different from country to country.
③Paul is deeply attached 　　　　　　the gift given by his uncle when he was ten years old.
to
attached
to
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④在我们国家越来越多的父母重视教育。
More and more parents in our country ______ ______ _________ ________
education.
attach great importance to
77.oxygen[ ks n]
n.氧；氧气