2023届北京市部分区高三二模英语试题阅读理解分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

2023届北京市部分区高三二模英语试题阅读理解分类汇编
阅读理解
2023届北京市海淀区高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Whether you're managing medications, daily
vitamins or other oral treatments, LiveFine takes
the guesswork out of your routine with the ultimate
efficiency and reliability system.
This WiFi-enabled Smart Organizer makes
taking, tracking,and managing your medication
simple—easy dosage templates (药剂模板)allow
you to dispense(分配)pills anywhere from once
up to nine times a day.28 spacious sections hold
multiple pills, tablets, and capsules in each part,
removing the need for regular refills, which is perfect for prescriptions, supplements, vitamins, aspirin, antibiotics, etc.
The user guide provides comprehensive instructions for how to set up. In short, just fill the slots, install your preferred rings, and receive alerts. You can even customize audio and visual device alerts— plus notifications, alarms, and reminders and make missed doses a thing of the past! Just choose from multiple unique device alarm tones and adjust the volume to meet your precise needs.
Use the LiveFine mobile app reminders for added reliability, which takes patient monitoring to another level, with notifications when medications are taken or the dispenser cover is opened.Plus, the app provides simple review of past doses, with times recorded for each administered dose and an ultra-convenient remote monitoring option to help your family members and caregivers check on your progress straight from their phones.
Discover peace of mind with the dispenser that does it all—click here and add a LiveFine Smart WiFi Pill Dispenser to your cart today!
Extended LiveFine Features List Secure Cover The transparent design makes monitoring pills easy, while the lid's manual key lock enhances security to prevent theft, spills, and mix-ups. Effortless Setup Just add your device to the app with a click. Then plan with simple button controls and an XLLCD display that make timing easy. Easy-Read LCD An LCD screen provides first-glance updates on the current time, upcoming alerts, battery life, and more. Large buttons, letters, and numbers are great for seniors. Plug-in Usage with Short Term Backup Battery Powered by included Type-C cable with rechargeable battery for backup power that supports 2-3 days use of device, in case of unexpected power outages.
21 LiveFine is a device that can
A. ensure efficient medical refills
B. reduce the need to see a doctor
C. remind users to track their daily routine
D. make it easier for users to take medicine
22. How can a LiveFine mobile app help the users
A. By recording users'dosage activities.
B. By personalizing users' rings and alerts.
C. By opening the dispenser cover remotely.
D. By keeping record of the symptoms of users.
23. What additional feature does the device have
A.Its backup battery lasts for a week.
B. Its buttons prevent mix-ups of medicine.
C. Its lid reminds users to take medicine in time.
D. Its LCD screen makes it friendly to the elderly.
B
When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn't working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they'll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.
The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus. After spending his early years in foster care, Walton lived with his great-grandmother, but mostly, he was left to support himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school, and enrolled in college.
Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up, a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide” by providing young adults with the skills, experience, and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.
In June of 2007,armed with shining recommendations, Walton was hired as a temp (临时工)at MIT.He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人)to three departments.“I do feel lucky to work at MIT,” he says.“I've had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”
In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people's lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT.“Giving back is very important to me,”Walton says.“So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so Ifeel it would be an injustice not to do so.”
24. Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because
A. he enjoys interacting with his clients
B. he knows how to put out fires for others
C. he solves problems with a positive attitude
D. he is good at developing computer programs
25.What do we know about Walton before he went to college
A. He depended on his great-grandma for a living.
B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.
C. He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.
D. He was supported by foster care for better education.
26. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations
A. To share his troubled past with young adults.
B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.
C. To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.
D. To promote education equality among young adults.
27. What can we conclude from Walton's story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.
C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.
D. One's future is defined by his efforts, not by his origin.
C
Even people who tend to think conventionally, such as accountants, can be creative, a recent study suggests, if they can look at emotional situations in a different light. In a set of experiments, researchers found that conventional thinkers came up with more creative ideas than peers after they practised “emotional reappraisal” .This means viewing a situation through another emotional lens, such as trying to see an anger-inducing event as one that is neutral or hopeful.
The study indicates that creativity is something that can be trained.“Whenever we break away from our existing perspective and try to think about something that's different from our initial reaction, there's a creative element to it.If we can practise or train that flexible-thinking muscle, it may help us be more creative over time,”said lead author Lily Zhu, an assistant professor at Washington State University.
For the study,Zhu and her colleagues conducted two similar experiments. In the first experiment with 335 people recruited through a crowdsourcing platform, the participants were first ranked on their openness levels and then shown a film scene designed to elicit (引起)anger. While viewing, they were given different instructions: to suppress their emotions, to think about something else to distract themselves or to try emotional reappraisal—looking at the scene through another lens. Some were also given no instruction on how to regulate their feelings.
After viewing the film, the participants were asked to come up with an idea to use an empty space in their building. Those ideas were then evaluated by a panel of experts who did not know anything about the participants. Ideas such as using the space for“napping capsules”were considered highly creative whereas ideas like opening a similar cafeteria as before were considered low in creativity.
The next experiment had a different group of 177 participants write about an experience that made them angry. They were then tasked with either writing about it again from a different emotional perspective or writing about something else as a distraction.
In both experiments, conventional thinking participants who tried emotional reappraisal came up with more creative ideas than other conventional thinkers who used suppression, distraction or no emotional regulation strategy at all. Notably, for participants who were considered creative thinkers to begin with,emotional reappraisal did not seem to have much effect on their creativity.
As to the implications of the study, Zhu suggested that supervisors in workplace should develop trainings to cultivate creative thinking skills in employees. Individuals can also practise emotional reappraisal when confronted with a crisis or challenge instead of suppressing negative emotions.
28. Which of the following is most probably an example of emotional reappraisal
A. Considering an occurrence objectively.
B. Taking one's success as an opportunity.
C. Distracting oneself from an annoying event.
D. Regarding disappointment as a turning point.
29.From the study, we know that
A. creative thinkers' creativity was enhanced after practising emotional reappraisal
B. evaluating experts had adequate information about the research subjects
C. the research findings could be applied to the training of employees
D. the first experiment aimed to select the most creative design
30. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Change Feelings to Boost Creativity
B. Effective Strategies to Manage Emotions
C. Think Over to Explore Creative Potential
D. A New Way to Remove Negative Emotions
D
As we enter a period of profound economic uncertainty, presaged (预示)by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of“quiet quitting”, thinking about the future of work might well seem a daunting(令人生畏的)prospect.
Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy(精明的) workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth.
Likewise, at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos, the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern. There's good reason for this focus: if businesses can't protect themselves against external threats, they risk going backwards.And that's before they even start thinking about achieving growth. This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently.
Well, we should start by changing the narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent, giving businesses a far better chance of finding the up-to-date digital skills they need. And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers.
To make this all happen, leaders and employers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required. One approach, for example, would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilities and supporting them to upskill their colleagues. Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace.
Of course,it's all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business. There's a need for soft skills that support the broader goal,so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership. To exploit the technology to its full potential, such qualities are equally important.
Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. Every business will need a range of people with a variely of skills—not only those well-versed in math, engineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities.
31.The writer's main concern in the digital transformation process is
A. the threats from technology B. the challenge of upskilling workforces
C. the culture of quiet quitting D. the shortage of experienced workers
32.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 and 5 that
A. replacing current workforces with digital talents is the key
B. high requirements of recruitment ensure a sound workforce
C. employers should develop a learning culture inside their workforces
D. business leaders should focus on the training of the existing talent pool
33. What does the underlined word “paramount”in the last paragraph probably mean A. Crucial. B.Beneficial. C. Challenging D. Inspiring
34. What might be the purpose of the passage
A. To advocate the necessity of improving digital skills.
B. To warn humans of the potential problems with technology.
C. To stress the importance of combining hard skills with soft skills.
D. To draw people's attention to the ever-increasing digital skills gap.
2023届北京东城区高三二模英语试卷
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum(课程)and arouse their curiosity. PacSci's educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!
AVAILABLE PROGRAMS
Piece of Mind
Cost: $ 300
Maximum Number of Participants: 40
Best for Grades: 6-10
Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!
Stick the Landing
Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)
Maximum Number of Participants: 30
Best for Grades: 9-12
Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.
Night Sky Tonight
Cost Varies by Group Size
·1-99 participants: $ 250
·100-199 participants: $ 350
·200+participants: $550
Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited
Best for Grades: 3-12
Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!
Ecosystem Investigators Cost: $ 200
Maximum Number of Participants: 50
Best for Grades: 3-8
Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic(水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.
21. What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips
A. Each program is for one certain grade.
B. The expense for each program varies.
C. The length for each program is unchangeable.
D. Every program has a max number of participants.
22. Cooperation is needed in the program .
A. Piece of Mind B. Stick the Landing
C. Nigh tSky Tonight D. Ecosystem Investigators
23. The passage is intended for .
A. tour guides B. research scientists
C. school teachers D. program designers
B
Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong，who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.
Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane's nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there's a catch. Those wings must twist(弯曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.
Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA's Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.
“Essentially what I did was just trial and error,” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It's super easy to make,” Ethan says.
In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”
Lighter, more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It's been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”
To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don't ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world's greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That'll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”
24. What is one advantage of the tailless airplane
A. It makes aircraft design easier.
B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces production costs.
D. It promotes flight stability.
25. What drew Ethan's attention to the tailless airplane design
A. The breakthrough in aircraft materials.
B. The flight of an aircraft in a video.
C. The prize for original design.
D. The desire for innovation.
26. In Ethan's opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams
A. Ambition and efficiency. B. Enthusiasm and responsibility.
C. Passion and determination. D. Confidence and independence.
C
Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.
This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can't make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers' goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.
The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the
successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.
If emotions aid rational reasoning，how does that work Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren't. People aren't usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they're feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolph s puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better Value and regulate your emotion.
27. Based on the study, successful traders would .
A. reveal their hidden emotions
B. owe their success to emotions
C. review decisions depending on emotions
D. examine their actions influenced by emotions
28. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A. Control and use. B. Analyse and release.
C. Face and adapt to. D. Understand and accept.
29. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs' words
A. Confidence may expose one to more chances.
B. Depression will consume one's energy.
C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.
D. Optimism will affect one's health.
30. What is mainly discussed in the passage
A. The contributing factors to emotions.
B. The workable strategies of emotions.
C. The working principle of emotions.
D. The constructive role of emotions.
D
September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A's with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”
As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isn't there. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizations that don't exist. At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.
There has been a fair amount written about the supposed impressiveness of AI-generated text. There are even several high-profile AI-written articles, essays or even scientific papers or screenplays that showcase this impressiveness. In many of these cases, the “authors” have access to higher-quality language models than most students are currently able to use. But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.
My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.
It has been just over five years since computer scientists declared, “We should stop training radiologists(放射科医生) now. Deep learning is going to do better than radiologists.” Well, we're still training radiologists, and there's no indication that deep learning is going to replace human doctors anytime soon. In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”.
31. What can we learn about the students in the experiment
A. Their writing efficiency was affected.
B. Their essays were better structured.
C. They preferred AI-written essays.
D. They overcame AI's weaknesses.
32. What does the author imply in Paragraph 3
A. Online text generators are far from reliable.
B. Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.
C. Students need to have better mastery of technology.
D. Revising applications decide the quality of AI essays.
2023届北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.
SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.
Courses
SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.
Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.
SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.
Application
Students are selected based on the following criteria:
1.Strong academic record
2.Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.
3.Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher
4.Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions
We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.
SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.
Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.
21.What can we learn about SHAPE
A.It suits students talented in STEM.
B.It shows the procedure of learning STEM.
C.It serves as the start of students’ college life.
D.It gives students chances to work with engineers.
22.In SHAPE, students can .
A.be free to explore the MakerSpace
B.earn college credit for future study
C.put school knowledge into practice
D.be equipped with skills for engineering
23.To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to .
A.show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions
C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability
B
I lost my leg to cancer at 30. My first trip out of the house as a one-legged woman would be to see a sick friend in hospital with my mom.
As I made my way through the hospital, I was prepared for looks of curiosity, sympathy, and even shock. But one thing shook me to a depth I had never experienced before. Two kids were playing in the hallway. As I passed by on my crutches (拐杖), they looked up at me, and suddenly, the little boy pointed at me. “Look at that lady!” It seemed that he was shouting loud enough for the entire hospital to hear. “She only has one leg! Doesn’t that look funny ”
Both of the kids burst into laughter. Heads turned, and I felt the blood rush to my face. I put my head down and rushed out as fast as I dared on my crutches. I held my tears back until the car door closed. As I fell into the seats, I cried, “How could they think this is funny ”
My mom tried her best to comfort me, “Honey, they are just kids. They don’t know any better.” They were just kids, but that did not excuse their rude behavior. I felt a wave of belief flood through me. I knew what I had to do. “Well, someone has to teach them!” I said. And I knew that someone would be me.
When I was well enough, I started to visit elementary schools and talk to children about being different. I was teaching children to be respectful of people who are different, and teaching them people come in all shapes, colors and sizes and we are each special and unique.
Speaking to children was just the beginning for me. I became an inspirational speaker and author and learned that being grateful for all the remaining parts of me was the only way to start and end my day. I shared my story in my book called I Am Choosing to Smile. I do, indeed, choose to smile. Waking up every morning, I look down at my one foot and say with all sincerity, “Good morning, five toes. I’m very glad to see you!”
24.What shocked the author in the hospital
A.The curious look a boy had. B. The words a boy shouted out.
C. The game the boys were playing. D. The sympathy the boys expressed.
25.How did the experience in the hospital change the author
A.She found the purpose of her life. B. She began to realize her difference.
C. She understood kids’ characteristics. D. She learned the importance of respect.
26.Which of the following words can best describe the author
APatient. B. Brave. C. Intelligent. D. Caring.
C
Researchers from a U.K. plant research institute have found a way to provide plants with an antibody-based defense for a specific threat, potentially speeding the creation of crops resistant to any kind of emerging virus, or bacterium (细菌). The strategy is to inoculate a protein from the plant pathogen ( 病 原 体 ) to be targeted to a camel or other camel relatives, purify the unusually small antibodies the camels produce, and engineer the corresponding gene section for them into a plant’s own immune gene.
Farmers lose many billions of dollars to plant diseases each year, and emerging pathogens pose new threats to food security in the developing world. Plants have evolved their own immune system, kick-started by cell receptors that recognize general pathogen features, such as a bacterial cell wall, as well as intracellular receptors for molecules (分子) produced by specific pathogens. If a plant cell detects these molecules, it may trigger its own death to save the rest of the plant. But plant pathogens often evolve and escape from those receptors.
A long-standing dream in plant biotechnology is to create designer disease resistance genes that could be produced as fast as pathogens emerge. One approach is to edit the gene for a plant immune receptor, changing the protein’s shape to recognize a particular pathogenic molecule.
Instead, Sophien Kamoun, a molecular biologist at the Sainsbury Laboratory, and his colleagues used an animal immune system to help make the receptor adjustments. During an infection with a new pathogen, animals produce billions of slightly different antibodies, ultimately selecting and mass-producing those that best target the virus.
Camelids, which include camels, are workhorses for antibody design because their immune systems create unusually small versions, called nano-bodies. As a proof of principle of the new plant defense strategy, Kamoun’s group turned to two standard camelid nano-bodies that recognize two different molecules, including one called green fluorescent protein (GFP), to detect test viruses, in this case a potato virus, engineered to make the fluorescent proteins. They investigated how well plants with the nano-body-enhanced receptors detected the changed potato viruses. It was found that the plants increased an active immune response and experienced almost no viral reproduction.
“The exciting part about this technology is that we have the potential of made-to-order resistance genes and keeping up with a pathogen,” Kamoun says. “This technology is a potential
game changer,” says Jeff Dangl, a plant researcher at the University of North Carolina. Ksenia Krasileva, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, says the mixture of nano-bodies with plant immune receptors opens up a vast body of biomedical knowledge for plant scientists. “We can now dig into all of that research and translate it to save crops.”
27.What does the underlined word “inoculate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Compare. B. Restore. C. Introduce. D. Label.
28.What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2
A.To illustrate the function of cells in saving the plant.
B.To explain how to strengthen plant receptors effectively.
C.To demonstrate the solutions to farmers’ annual heavy losses.
D.To reveal why plants fail to handle constantly-updated diseases.
29.What can we learn from the passage
A.Editing plant receptors is to match the shape of pathogens.
B.Nano-bodies can help plants catch up with pathogen changes.
C.Plants select the best antibodies from animals to fight viruses.
D.Plants with nano-bodies respond actively in massive virus copying.
30.According to the passage, scientists will .
A.apply the outcome in the real world
B.prove the findings of resistance genes
C.identify similar means to fight diseases
D.seek more support for the new strategy
D
Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.
Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.
Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.
Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.
Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.
It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.
31.According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well
A.When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”.
B.When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”.
C.When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.
D.When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.
32.The author believes that .
A.humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect
B.humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent
C.we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI
D.shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI
33.As for AIs, what does the author value most
A.Reliability. B. Practicability.
C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability.
34.Which would be the best title for the passage
A.AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected
B.AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future
C.AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans
D.Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!
Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!
Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.
Fortunately, I discovered medical writing. I learned that it was about writing scientific documents. And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end of the year, I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.
Today, we’ve observed more medical writers are wanted. So, in collaboration with some colleagues, we’ve prepared the most important lessons to help you become a competent medical writer: (By Alex)
The Complete Medical Writing Training
This online course is perfect for people with a life science degree. Here’s the full course outline.
Week 1 The scientific writing process
Introduction to medical writing: Learn about medical writing and decide your path The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps Researching to write: Find reliable sources easily to inform your medical writing and identify brilliant ideas from the literature
Week 2 Writing effectively
Outlining to write: The simplest strategy to structure any document perfectly for easier writing and better flow
Referencing: Learn when to cite and how to use common referencing styles and automate your referencing using online tools
Week 3 Other essentials
Scientific research: Update yourself on various clinical research approaches, designs and methods for better medical writing output
Essential biostatistics: How to use common statistical terms from the medical literature correctly in your writing
Week 4 Writing assignments
There are 8 marked writing assignments with feedback to help you improve your writing.
21．Why did Alex start medical writing
A．To improve medical skills. B．To have more leisure time.
C．To get out of financial trouble. D．To prepare for the writing training.
22．What will people learn by attending the courses
A．The ways of evaluating the assignments.
B．The steps of writing a scientific document.
C．The skills in using online writing correction tools.
D．The strategies for structuring medical knowledge.
23．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To attract people to the training course.
B．To share the content of the writing course.
C．To introduce the benefits of medical writing.
D．To emphasize the importance of medical writing.
B
When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.
I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a long way up, but I thought I’d give it a shot. I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.
When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.
Then I began to notice how wonderful the breeze smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I couldn’t stop breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever known.
I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.
It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon.
It was on a day like that when my father’s notion (观念) moved from my head to my heart. The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.
And I started marveling (惊奇) at how I was feeling both humble and majestic. How was that possible How could I be so full of peace and full of wonder
It was magic.
24．Why did the author climb up the sycamore tree
A．To play in the tree. B．To get a trapped kite.
C．To prove her courage. D．To practice climbing skills.
25．The author’s climbing experience was .
A．unusual but painful B．competitive and imaginative
C．adventurous but rewarding D．well-planned and interesting
26．Why did the author like being up high in the tree
A．Because the tree had the sweetest smell.
B．Because it could help her to concentrate.
C．Because her father encouraged her to do so.
D．Because she could enjoy more than good views.
27．What message does the author want to convey
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Positive action leads to happiness.
C．Beautiful things don’t ask for attention.
D．The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
C
Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored. As the quantity of information we receive continually increases and as information spreading is shifting from page to screen, it may be time to ask how changes in our way of reading may affect our mental life. For how we receive information bears vitally on the ways we experience and interpret reality.
What is most obvious in the evolution of reading is the gradual displacement of the vertical (垂直的) by the horizontal—a shift from intensive to extensive reading. In our culture, access is not a problem, but proliferation (激增) is. And the reading act is necessarily different than it was in its earliest days. Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate (共鸣) inwardly.
Interestingly, this shift from vertical to horizontal parallels the overall societal shift from bounded lifetimes spent in single locales to lives lived in wider geographical areas amid streams of data. This larger access was once regarded as worldliness—one traveled, knew the life of cities, the ways of diverse people…. It has now become the birthright of anyone who owns a television set.
How do we square the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical awareness The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands. The media-obsessed urbanites, by contrast, never lose their awareness of what happens in different parts of the world.
We may ask, which people are happier The villagers may have found more sense in things owing both to the limited range of their concern and the depth on their information. But restricted conditions and habit also suggest boredom and limitation. The lack of a larger perspective (视角) leads to suspiciousness and cautious conservatism, but for the same reason, the constant availability of data and macro-perspectives has its own decreasing returns. When everything is happening everywhere, it gets harder to care about anything.
How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.
28．What can we learn about the first two paragraphs
A．Readers today tend to ignore deep engagement with texts.
B．It’s difficult to shift from vertical to horizontal reading.
C．Where and how we read texts shapes our mental life.
D．People are tired of information proliferation.
29．According to the passage, villagers .
A．have a deeper understanding of their surroundings
B．show no interest in what happens in the world
C．are less bored than media-obsessed urbanites
D．cannot adapt to changing situations
30．What can we learn from the passage
A．Vertical awareness allows us to care about others.
B．Changes in our reading habits lead to the societal shift.
C．It’s wise to keep a balance between a local and a global view.
D．Horizontal reading affects our mindset more than vertical reading.
D
Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.
Massive resources are being put into environmental restoration projects, and development is subject to many layers of approvals. Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.
Wetlands, coastal plains and forests do cheaply (or even for free) what seawalls and pumps do at a cost of billions of dollars. They are vital infrastructure (基础设施) that makes us more resilient against climate change, and the cost of destroying them or weakening their ability to function must be factored into the decisions we make to build and grow.
To do so, the economic incentives to develop any natural landscape should be weighed against the protective economic value that land already provides. Economists call this an “avoided damage” valuation. Local planning boards might consider the value of a sand dune or swamp in flood protection versus the expense of replacing it with a seawall and water pump system. Maintaining and restoring natural infrastructure to support healthy functioning saves money, time and lives.
The concept of “natural capital”, or the idea that ecosystem services should be valued in a similar manner as any form of wealth, dates back to the 1970s. Markets have always valued wood as a commodity (商品), for example, but not the services that came along with producing it, such as soil maintenance, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. We didn’t need a market for resources that industrialists saw as abundant (丰富的) and endlessly renewable. This exploitative (开发资源的) assumption turned out to be very wrong. Failing to measure the benefits of ecosystem services in policy and management decisions is a major reason many of those ecosystems disappeared.
It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.
Economic value is never the only reason nature is worth preserving; it is simply a powerful, underused tool to help us make decisions about how to live more sustainably in a climate-changed world. If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.
31．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The consequences of the saltwater flooding.
B．The cause of the urban sprawl and the rising sea.
C．An approval to an environmental restoration project.
D．The problem caused by the expansion of coastal cities
32．What can we learn from the passage
A．The idea of natural capital can enhance the profit of commodity.
B．The economic growth boosts the protection of natural landscape.
C．The abundance of resources is not the reason for devaluing them.
D．The exploitation of nature reflects the “avoided damage” valuation.
33．What does the underlined word “crass” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Inadvisable. B．Beneficial.
C．Relevant. D．Unrealistic.
34．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To appeal for stricter control over city scale.
B．To propose the use of nature as infrastructure.
C．To stress the importance of ecosystem services.
D．To promote public awareness of nature protection.
2023届北京市顺义区高三下学期第二次英语统练题
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We’re happy you will be joining us at UW-Stout! Your next step is to attend First-Year Registration and Orientation (FYRO) (迎新会) running from 7:45 a. m. to 4:40 p. m. Students should select a date that allows them to be present for the entire day. Invitations will be sent by email starting February 20.
Recommended On-Campus Dates
·June 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9
·June 12, 13, 14 or 16
·June 19, 20, 21 or 23
Make-Up Dates
Email us to request one of these make-up dates.
·July 20 or 21
What to Expect
Students and their guests will be separated for most of the day.
Students will: Guests will:
·Connect with peers. ·Meet their first-year advisor. ·Understand their academic plan and expectations of college. ·Understand their financial responsibilities and how to pay for school. ·Understand the importance of involvement and how to get involved with student organizations. ·Be familiar with campus resources. ·Be excited about starting their time at Stout! ·Understand their role in their student’s success. ·Understand their student’s financial responsibilities and paying for school. ·Feel comfortable with their student living on campus. ·Know that their student will be supported to live a healthy lifestyle. ·Know that their student will be safe on campus.
Before Your AttendanceComplete the placement tests at least one week prior to your scheduled registration date. Testing information will be sent to students' email on or after March 15.
Download these apps, which will help you to be successful in college life.
·Canvas Student: our online classroom.
·Navigate: to help schedule appointments with your advisor, view to-do items and more!
·Multi-Factor Authentication: to enhance the security of your account by checking on your identity when logging into many of our UW-Stout accounts.
21．Students are advised to attend FYRO on ______.
A．February 20 B．June 19 C．July 21 D．March 15
22．Attending FYRO, both students and their guests will ______.
A．meet first-year advisor
B．know students’ academic plan
C．have an idea of students' education cost
D．be clear about how to participate in organizations
23．What are students required to do before attending FYRO
A．Complete the placement tests 5 days ahead.
B．Take some online classes on Canvas Student.
C．Schedule first-year college life with apps on the phone.
D．Download Multi-Factor Authentication for account security.
B
When I was 7 and Stevie was 6, our parents taught us how to play chess and other games. Playing games was our life back then. Stevie and I were very competitive in everything.
We got older and better so our games were more intense, but also more exciting. The strange thing is that I enjoyed the games vastly and was happy for my brother when he won. But afterwards, I felt my well-being threatened, and then my confidence suffered.
When I was 10 years old I wanted to be successful at my talents. One day, a light came on in my head. I had to find something Stevie couldn’t do. It would have to be unique in every way. Before long, I got Jimmy Nelson’s record on “How to Become a Ventriloquist (腹语师)” and I practiced faithfully every day. After sum vacation, I did my first show for my class. The response was favorable. I performed for family get-togethers and did shows on a number of occasions to practice my new skill.
It isn’t easy learning ventriloquism. The difficult part was developing the voice, because at first, it was soft and hard to hear. I memorized the routines and performed more. With time, I got better responses. The loud laughter was nonstop, in addition to the applause.
Four years later, my mother purchased a professional ventriloquial figure, which I named. Freddie O’Sullivan. He was lifelike, with moving eyes, moving eyebrows, and could stick out his tongue. Treating Freddie like a real person enhanced my performance.
In college, Freddie was well known. He would tell people that he was the only guy that could sleep in the girl’s dormitory. Over the years, I won many talent awards.
One time, an elderly man looked at Freddie attentively and asked him where he got his trousers. The audience nearby had tears in their eyes. I didn’t know what was going on until I was told later the gentleman hadn’t spoken for 20 years.
Thanks to my brother, I created a lifetime with Freddie.
24．How did the author feel at first when Stevie won a game
A．Delighted. B．Confused. C．Depressed. D．Surprised.
25．Why did the author decide to learn ventriloquism
A．To have a special talent better than her brother.
B．To record her intense and competitive childhood.
C．To gain her parents’ favor in family get-togethers.
D．To bring joyous laughter to people around her.
26．What do we know about Freddie O’Sullivan
A．Freddie trained the author professionally.
B．Freddie inspired an old man to restart to talk.
C．Freddie took the place of the author’s brother.
D．Freddie disturbed others in the girl’s dormitory.
27．According to the passage, which words can best describe the author
A．Generous and grateful. B．Modest and responsible.
C．Patient and warmhearted. D．Sensitive and determined.
C
One of the major reasons we take photos in the first place is to remember a moment long after it has passed: the birth of a baby, a reunion, etc. However, every time we snap a quick picture of something, we could in fact be harming our memory of it.
Linda Henkel, a professor of psychology at Fairfield University in Connecticut, studied how taking photos impacts experience and memory. She conducted an experiment using a group of undergraduates on a guided tour of the university’s Bellarmine Museum of Art. The students were asked to take photos of objects that they looked at on the tour and to simply observe others. Later, she tested their memory of all the objects they had seen on the tour. The results were clear. Overall, people remembered fewer of the objects they had photographed. They also couldn’t recall as many specific visual details of the photographed art, compared to the art they had merely observed.
“When you take a photo of something, you’re counting on the camera to remember for you,” Henkel said. “You don’t engage in any of the complex or emotional kinds of processing that really would help you remember those experiences, because you’ve outsourced it to your camera.”
Then, Henkel ran another study. This time when people took a tour of the museum, they were asked to take two kinds of photos: those of the objects in the exhibit alone and those with them standing next to the objects. It turns out that it actually changes their viewpoint on the experience, whether they’re in a photo or not. In other words, if you are in the image, you become more removed from the original moment as if you are an observer watching yourself doing something outside yourself. Interestingly, if you are not in the image, you remember more.
Henkel doesn’t disagree that the purpose of outsourcing our memory to devices can free up our brains to do other cognitive (认知的) processing. But from the experiments Henkel is sure that cameras can’t compare to what the brain is capable of with input from the eyes and the ears.
28．What can we conclude from Henkel’s first experiment
A．People take photos to remember a moment.
B．Taking photos is a complex or emotional process.
C．Taking photos influences experience and memory.
D．People observe more of the objects when taking photos.
29．When you are in a photo, you ______.
A．return to the original moment
B．remember more about the object
C．change your viewpoint on the photo
D．become an observer outside yourself
30．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To explain the reasons why people take photos.
B．To introduce the disadvantages of taking photos.
C．To persuade people not to rely on photos for memory.
D．To express disapproval of the use of devices to free brains.
D
Among the excitement of all things artificial intelligence, writers are increasingly wrestling with a hard truth: It appears robots are coming for their jobs. Little more than a plaything of researchers a decade ago, AI and automated robots are regularly producing countless articles on a daily basis.
Observes Mayur Bhatt, marketing head, SEO Services Guru: “It is only a matter of time before algorithms (算法) are able to write articles on any topic and for any target group.” Adds noted author Stephen Marche: “Whatever field you are in, if it uses language, it is about to be transformed.” People of writing driven by AI insist the robots are simply here ‘to serve humanity’. Robots will do the hard labor work, they say. Writers will be freed-up to engage in more interesting, more in-depth and more creative work.
But for the many writers and editors who have already lost their jobs to AI, that pleasant future is a tough sell. Consider Radar, a hyper-local news service that has been generating AI-written articles in the UK since 2017. Instead of using reporters to cover news beats, Radar relies on robots. Those automatons mine government databases on crime, health, environment and similar-and then auto-write stories from that data with an extremely local hook. For example: Radar's AI software can ingest a new government report on crime across the UK, and then auto-generate hundreds of customized stories from the study, based on localized data. Each story is hyper-localized to a town or even a smaller community by including data from the government report. The resulting micro-focused stories are sold to news outlets throughout Britain -as well as to any other news outlet that might be interested. Gary Rogers, editor-in-chief, Radar: “There is open data across all the main beats of news — health, crime, transport, etc. — filled with stories waiting to be told.”
So far, many writers are aware of the adoption of Al-generated writing via a few, well-publicized stories about the tech's use at major news organizations like Bloomberg, the BBC and The New York Times. But it turns out those above represent only smattering of what's really going on. A 2021 study found that 15% of news stories are now automatically generated at leading news outlets using AI. Moreover, the adoption of AI-generated writing has gone far beyond news-reporting, cropping-up across a wide range of writing jobs.
To date, human beings still best their robot competitors in writing of the highest quality. Even so, the hard fact remains that AI will be producing an increasing number of automated writing in coming years that competes in a world often entrapped in the icy hold of ‘good enough’.
31．What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A．Algorithms can write articles quickly. B．Writing is more than a plaything.
C．Writing is hard but interesting. D．AI writing has great potential.
32．How does Radar generate AI-written articles
A．By quoting local stories. B．By including official data.
C．By selling customized stories. D．By reporting main news beats.
33．What does the underlined word “smattering” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．An unfair fact. B．A small part.
C．An original idea. D．A basic research.
34．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．How AI is Automating Writing Jobs
B．How AI Serves Humanity in Writing
C．How AI is Widely Accepted in Writing
D．How AI Entraps Writers in the Icy World2023届北京市部分区高三二模英语试题阅读理解分类汇编（参考答案版）
阅读理解
2023届北京市海淀区高三下学期二模英语试题
21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A
31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C
2023届北京东城区高三二模英语试卷
21.B 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.C
30.D 31.A 32.A 33.D 34.B
2023届北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题
21．A 22．D 23．D 24．B 25．A
26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A
31．C 32．B 33．C 34．A
2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试题
21．C
22．B
23．A
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是帮助读者成为医学作家的课程。
21．
推理判断题。根据正文第一段的“Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.(三年前，我组建了家庭，从那时起我就经历了经济压力。我可以支付我的账单，但这是我所能做的。我甚至负担不起一次家庭度假。)”和第二段的“And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end of the year; I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.(我觉得我有必要的技能开始医学写作作为副业。到年底，我的第一份合同是自由医学作家。我觉得经济上和事业上都很安全。)”可知，Alex开始医学写作是为了摆脱财政困境。故选C。
22．
细节理解题。根据Week 1 The scientific writing process部分的“The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps(写作过程:如何用四个简单的步骤来写科学论文)”可知，通过参加这些课程，人们能学到撰写科学文献的步骤。故选B。
23．
推理判断题。根据标题“Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!(在4周内成为一名称职的医学作家！快点！优惠马上结束！今天就获得你的学位！)”可知，本文是一篇广告，旨在宣传帮助读者成为医学作家的课程，因此本文的目的是吸引人们参加培训课程，故选A。
24．B
25．C
26．D
27．D
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。作者通过爬到树上看到从来没有欣赏过的景色的经历明白了爸爸说过的整体大于各部分的总和的道理。
24．
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches.(我明白他在说什么，但我从来没有感受过他说的，直到有一天，我爬上梧桐树去救一个卡在树枝上的风筝)”可知，作者爬上一棵梧桐树去取一只被困住的风筝。故选B。
25．
推理判断题。根据第三段“When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.(当我放开风筝的时候，我需要休息一分钟。就在这时，对飞得这么高的恐惧开始消失，取而代之的是一种最奇妙的感觉，那就是我在飞翔。在大地之上翱翔，在云中航行)”和第二段最后四句“And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.(突然间，我感到头晕和虚弱。我离地好几英里了！但是风筝还是够不着。我屏住呼吸，强迫自己集中精力在风筝上)”可推知，作者的登山经历惊险而有益。故选C。
26．
细节理解题。根据第五段“I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.(我从来没有欣赏过这里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的树上是什么感觉。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次)”和第七段最后一句“The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.(从我的梧桐树上看到的不仅仅是屋顶、云、风和色彩的结合)”可知，作者喜欢站在高高的树上是因为她可以欣赏到更多的美景。故选D。
27．
推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.(当我还小的时候，我爸爸会让我坐在他旁边的门廊上，让他画画。他会告诉我，奶牛本身就是一头牛，草地本身就是草和花，从树丛中透出的阳光只是一束光，但把它们放在一起，你就会看到魔法)”和最后一段“It was magic.(这是魔法)”可推知，作者想要表达的是整体大于各部分的总和。故选D。
28．A
29．A
30．C
【导语】
本文是说明文。随着我们接收到的信息量不断增加，随着信息传播从页面转移到屏幕，是时候问一下我们阅读方式的变化会如何影响我们的精神生活了。
28．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored.（报纸、广告和标签无处不在，把我们的环境变成了一大堆可以阅读或忽略的文本。）”以及第二段“Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate(共鸣) inwardly. (由于对文本的可用性感到敬畏，读者倾向于在表面上移动，而不允许文字在内心产生共鸣。)”可知，今天的读者往往忽略了与文本的深度接触。故选A。
29．
细节理解题。根据第四段“The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands.（村民们对周围的一切都了如指掌，幸运的是，他们对遥远的地方发生的事情一无所知。）”可知，村民们 对周围环境有更深入的了解。故选A。
30．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.（我们如何赋值 我们在哪里找到一个固定的环境，让我们能够创造一种关于我们生活的感觉 我想，最理想的情况是，一个人将拥有两全其美的一面——有目的的固定的地方，以及增强视野的可用性：信息和环境的自然生态。）”可知，在本地视角和全球视角之间保持平衡是明智的。故选C。
31．D
32．C
33．A
34．B
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性。
31．
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.(世界各地的沿海城市都受到两股对立力量的挤压:城市扩张和海平面上升。这种斗争在平原上尤为明显，那里不断扩张的社区经常发生洪水和盐水洪水，破坏了保护社区免受最严重气候危机影响的河口。)”和第二段的“Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.(然而，在2022年，一个沿海城市的专员投票决定扩大法律边界，允许一个400英亩的仓库项目。他们没有看到这片土地在更大的生态系统中的价值。)”可知，前两段主要讲的是沿海城市扩张造成的问题。故选D。
32．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元似乎也是不明智的，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义。这种珍贵在伦理上是合理的。但长期以来，开发商一直把无价之宝和毫无价值混为一谈，这使得他们可以在不为破坏环境的后果买单的情况下获利。)”可知，资源丰富并不是使其贬值的理由。故选C。
33．
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义)”可知，在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元是不明智的，划线词意为“不明智的，愚蠢的”，和inadvisable意思相近，故选A。
34．
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.(如果政策制定者用经济学的语言来考虑自然基础设施，他们可能会意识到我们对它的依赖程度有多深。)”可知，本文主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性，因此本文主要目的是建议利用自然作为基础设施。故选B。
2023届北京市顺义区高三下学期第二次英语统练题
21．B
22．C
23．D
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一封邀请函，详细的介绍了迎新会的内容、安排以及注意事项等。
21．
细节理解题。根据文章“Recommended On-Campus Dates(推荐入校时间)”中的日期“·June 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9; ·June 12, 13, 14 or 16; ·June 19, 20, 21 or 23(·6月5日、6日、7日、8日或9日；·6月12日、13日、14日或16日；·6月19日、20日、21日或23日)”可知，选项中只有B项“六月十九日”符合题意。故选B项。
22．
细节理解题。根据文章“Students will(学生将会)”中的第四点“Understand their financial responsibilities and how to pay for school.(了解他们的经济责任以及如何支付学费)”以及“Guest will(来客将会)”的第二点“Understand their student’s financial responsibilities and paying for school.(了解学生的经济责任和学费)”可知，无论是学生还是其他来客都需要了解学生的教育开销。故选C项。
23．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“·Multi-Factor Authentication: to enhance the security of your account by checking on your identity when logging into many of our UW-Stout accounts.(·多因素身份验证:在登录我们的许多UW-Stout帐户时，通过检查您的身份来增强您帐户的安全性)”可知，学生在参加迎新会前，需要下载多因素认证，确保账号安全。故选D项。
24．A
25．A
26．B
27．D
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者学习腹语并坚持很多年的故事。
24．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The strange thing is that I enjoyed the games vastly and was happy for my brother when he won.(奇怪的是，我非常喜欢比赛，当我弟弟赢了的时候，我也为他高兴)”可知，一开始Stevie赢得比赛时，作者感到高兴。故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I had to find something Stevie couldn’t do. It would have to be unique in every way.(我必须找到Stevie做不到的事。它必须是独一无二的)”可知，作者决定学习成为腹语师是为了有一个比弟弟更好的特殊才能。故选A。
26．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“One time, an elderly man looked at Freddie attentively and asked him where he got his trousers. The audience nearby had tears in their eyes. I didn’t know what was going on until I was told later the gentleman hadn’t spoken for 20 years.(有一次，一位老人仔细地看着Freddie，问他裤子是从哪儿弄来的。旁边的观众眼里含着泪水。我不知道发生了什么，直到后来我被告知这位先生已经20年没有说话了)”可知，Freddie激发了一个20年没有开口说话的老人重新开始说话，故选B。
27．
推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“But afterwards, I felt my well-being threatened, and then my confidence suffered.(但后来，我觉得我的幸福受到了威胁，然后我的信心受到了打击)”和第四段中“It isn’t easy learning ventriloquism.(学习腹语并不容易)”以及最后一段“Thanks to my brother, I created a lifetime with Freddie.(多亏了我弟弟，我和Freddie共度了一生)”可知，作者一开始和弟弟学习下棋和其他游戏，弟弟赢了作者，作者会为他开心，但后来感觉自己的幸福受到威胁，所以想要有一个比弟弟更好的特殊才能，转而决定学习腹语，虽然学习腹语并不容易但作者坚持了很多年，故作者是个敏感且坚定的人。故选D。
28．C
29．D
30．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了关于拍照对体验和记忆的影响的实验，当人们拍照时他们没有参与任何复杂或情绪化的处理，不利于记住那些经历，所以当人们快速抓拍某事时，实际上可能在损害对它的记忆。
28．
推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Overall, people remembered fewer of the objects they had photographed. They also couldn’t recall as many specific visual details of the photographed art, compared to the art they had merely observed.(总的来说，人们记住的照片中的物体较少。与他们仅仅观察到的艺术品相比，他们也无法回忆起拍摄的艺术品的许多具体视觉细节)”可知，在第一个实验中，学生们被要求对他们在旅行中看到的物体拍照，并简单地观察其他物体，结果人们记住的照片中的物体较少，与他们仅仅观察到的艺术品相比，他们也无法回忆起拍摄的艺术品的许多具体视觉细节，由此可推知，拍照会影响体验和记忆。故选C。
29．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In other words, if you are in the image, you become more removed from the original moment as if you are an observer watching yourself doing something outside yourself.(换句话说，如果你在图像中，你就会离最初的时刻越来越远，就好像你是一个观察者，看着自己在做自己之外的事情)”可知，如果你在照片中，你就成为了自己之外的观察者。故选D。
30．
推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合文章最后一句“But from the experiments Henkel is sure that cameras can’t compare to what the brain is capable of with input from the eyes and the ears.(但从实验中，Henkel确信，相机无法与大脑通过眼睛和耳朵输入的信息相比)”可知，本文主要介绍了关于拍照对体验和记忆的影响的实验，当人们拍照时他们没有参与任何复杂或情绪化的处理，所以不利于记住那些经历，相机无法与大脑通过眼睛和耳朵输入的信息相比，故本文旨在说服人们不要依靠照片来记忆。故选C。
31．D
32．B
33．B
34．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人工智能是如何自动写文章的。
31．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Observes Mayur Bhatt, marketing head, SEO Services Guru: “It is only a matter of time before algorithms (算法) are able to write articles on any topic and for any target group.” Adds noted author Stephen Marche: “Whatever field you are in, if it uses language, it is about to be transformed.”(营销主管、搜索引擎优化服务大师Mayur Bhatt说:“算法能够针对任何主题和任何目标群体撰写文章只是时间问题。”著名作家Stephen Marche补充道:“无论你在哪个领域，只要它使用语言，它就会被改变。”)”可知，人工智能写作潜力很大。故选D项。
32．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Those automatons mine government databases on crime, health, environment and similar-and then auto-write stories from that data with an extremely local hook.For example: Radar's AI software can ingest a new government report on crime across the UK, and then auto-generate hundreds of customized stories from the study, based on localized data. (这些机器人挖掘政府关于犯罪、健康、环境等方面的数据库，然后根据这些数据自动编写故事。例如:Radar的人工智能软件可以吸收一份关于英国各地犯罪的新政府报告，然后根据本地化数据自动生成数百个定制故事。)”可知，Radar通过纳入官方数据，才得以使机器人能够根据数据编写故事。故选B项。
33．
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“So far, many writers are aware of the adoption of Al-generated writing via a few, well-publicized stories about the tech's use at major news organizations like Bloomberg, the BBC and The New York Times.(到目前为止，通过彭博社(Bloomberg)、英国广播公司和《纽约时报》等主要新闻机构的几篇关于人工智能写作的广泛报道，许多作家都知道了人工智能写作的应用。)”可知，人工智能写作似乎受到广泛运用，而后文“A 2021 study found that 15% of news stories are now automatically generated at leading news outlets using AI.(2021年的一项研究发现，现在15%的新闻报道是由领先的新闻媒体使用人工智能自动生成的。)”表示只有15%的内容是人工智能生成的。并结合划线句前的but可以推测出，人工智能写作并没有大规模广泛运用，即那些报道只能代表小部分数据。故划线词与B项“小部分”意思相近。故选B项。
34．
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Among the excitement of all things artificial intelligence, writers are increasingly wrestling with a hard truth: It appears robots are coming for their jobs. Little more than a plaything of researchers a decade ago, AI and automated robots are regularly producing countless articles on a daily basis.(在所有人工智能令人兴奋的事情中，作家们越来越多地在与一个残酷的事实作斗争:机器人似乎正在取代他们的工作。十年前，人工智能和自动化机器人还只是研究人员的玩物，如今每天都能写出无数篇文章。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能和写作之间的关系，具体来说是人工智能如何自动生成文章，也就是如何使写作工作自动化。故A项为最佳标题。故选A项。