2023届北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground.
I did not know how to deal with a rebellious (叛逆的) teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn’t been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion.
Until this happened.
I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions.
Amy told me that my daughter’s behavior was “developmentally appropriate”-she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn’t working.
Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will.
After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here’s what I learned.
1. My daughter’s behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother.
2. My daughter’s strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don’t want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her.
3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward.
My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter.
1．What is the actual reason the author had a fight with her daughter
A．The daughter wouldn’t give her the keys.
B．The daughter didn’t come back until 11 pm.
C．The daughter insisted on going out late at night.
D．The daughter wanted to go to the movies with friends.
2．The comments made the author feel “awful” because_______.
A．she had helped her daughter to test boundaries
B．she didn’t treasure the mother-daughter relationship
C．she thought Amy was criticizing her daughter’s upbringing
D．she hadn’t noticed the desirable aspects of her daughter’s behavior
3．After the phone call, the author learned that ______.
A．her daughter’s strong character should be softened
B．she should constructively deal with conflict
C．her daughter should control her behavior
D．she should admit her failure as a mother
4．According to Amy, what should the author say if the same situation happens again
A．“Do you really think you can just walk out the door like that ”
B．“It’s not safe to be out so late. What about tomorrow afternoon ”
C．“It doesn’t matter whether you go out or not. I will support you.”
D．“You have been disrespectful and can’t go out tonight. Is that clear ”
Laughing together is an important way for people to connect and bond. And though the causes of laughter can vary widely across individuals and groups, the sound of a laugh is usually recognizable between people belonging to different cultures.
But what about animals Do they “laugh” And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike In humans, people may laugh when they hear a joke, or when they see something that they think is funny, though it’s unknown if animals’ intelligence includes what humans would call a sense of humor.
However, many animals produce sounds during play that are unique to that pleasant social interaction. Researchers consider such vocalizations to be similar to human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too. Reports of playful laughter were notably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is some question as to whether or not play exists at all in that animal group. This new study could help scientists to analyze the origins of human laughter.
But how can we identify play Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently of other social behaviors, said lead study author Sasha Winkler, a doctor of biological anthropology at the University of California. When it comes to identifying it, “you know it when you see it,” Winkler told Live Science. One sign is that primates — our closest relatives — have a “play face” that is similar to the expressions of humans who are playing.
When Winkler previously worked with rhesus macaques, she had noticed that the monkeys panted (喘气) quietly while playing. Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.
People now still laugh during play, but we also integrate laughter into language and non-play behaviors, using laughter in diverse ways to express a range of emotions that may be positive or negative. Human laughter notably differs from other animals’ laughter in another important way: its volume. People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion. By comparison, when most animals laugh, the sound is very quiet — just loud enough to be heard by the laugher’s partner.
“It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,” Winkler told Live Science. “But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study."
5．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain causes of animal and human laughter.
B．To assess complexities regarding animal laughter.
C．To present findings on the existence of animal laughter.
D．To analyze differences between animal and human laughter.
6．What can we learn from this passage
A．Animal laughter is even noticeable in fish.
B．Animal laughter is hard to recognize during play.
C．People have learned to combine play with laughter.
D．People laugh loudly because they want to involve others.
7．What is probably the focus of future study on laughter
A．Distinctive features of human laughter.
B．Different functions of animal laughter.
C．The origin and development of human laughter.
D．The relationship between animal laughter and intelligence.
TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new and exciting culture. We recognize that in many instances additional funding is necessary to make the study abroad experience both affordable and realistic. These scholarships were created as an attempt to help students with the financial commitments required for an international education experience.
TEAN provides numerous scholarships, including an annual full ride scholarship, need-and merit-based scholarships, diversity scholarships, even a photography scholarship, plus others.
TEAN FULL RIDE SCHOLARSHIP
The Education Abroad Network Full Ride Scholarship is designed to give a stand-out student the opportunity to study abroad. The scholarship can be used for any Summer or Fall TEAN program and covers tuition, program fees, orientation and housing.
REQUIREMENTS
Students must have their study abroad office complete the Statement from University form in order to be considered for the scholarship.
Must meet GPA (Grade Point Average) requirement for the individual program that they want to attend.
Must be a university student in the United States.
Students can only apply for the scholarship once per application cycle; applicants should select their top program choice when applying for the scholarship.
Scholarship applications received after the deadline will not be considered.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Will be based on the overall application materials, including a personal essay addressing the following question: “Why have you selected this program How is it tied to your major ”
Applications will be judged by a panel of TEAN staff members.
Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics, active participation in extra-curricular activities, achievement in leadership skills, awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay.
No interview required.
APPLICATION DEADLINE
June 1,2023
8．TEAN can help students ______.
A．travel abroad B．save money for the future
C．experience overseas education D．understand popular foreign culture
9．To get the TEAN Full Ride Scholarship, a student must______.
A．be an American citizen
B．submit an application by June 1,2023
C．fill out the Statement from University form
D．turn in an application twice during an application cycle
10．An applicant going for the full ride scholarship is more likely to be accepted, if______.
A．he performs well academically
B．he does excellently in the interview
C．he chooses a program unrelated to his major
D．he obtains an outstanding recommendation essay
Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate (模仿) his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was “an absolutely horrible attempt”. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿)”, because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering.
Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons.
These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of the human-impersonating ChatGPT might have increased general awareness, but artists across a wide range of disciplines are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.
A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to raise its game in educating future generations of tech-savvy professionals, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of performers and artists, and taking action to support the creative sector in adapting to the disturbances caused by swift and stormy technological change.
While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence against proposed changes to intellectual property law that would give copyright exemption (版权豁免) to any work, anywhere in the world, involving AI text and data mining.
The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.
11．Why does the author mention the four picture comparisons in Paragraph 2
A．To stress the similarities between AI art and human art.
B．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art.
C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art.
D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
12．What does the underlined word “deplored” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Clearly analyzed. B．Bravely suffered.
C．Strongly criticized. D．Accurately perceived.
13．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
B．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problem.
C．Tech professionals need more training to better understand AI art.
D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
14．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art
B．AI in Art: A Battle That Must Be Fought
C．Threat or Opportunity: The Impact of AI on Art
D．The Rise of AI Art: What It Means to Human Artists
Europe’s Most Beautiful Places
From Norwegian islands high above the Arctic Circle to forest-covered mountains in Romania，windswept sandy beaches in Wales and icy lakes in the Balkans，Europe is a spectacularly varied place. The old continent’s historic cities and its Mediterranean beaches draw many of its visitors，but the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners，known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers.
Lake Inari，Finland
High above the Arctic Circle and close to Finland’s border with Russia，Lake Inari is a year-round paradise. Dark，snowy winters make it ideal for catching a glimpse of the aurora borealis（北极光）.
Its tree-lined banks glow a burnt orange during autumn and in summer，you can swim in its chilly shallows. The center of local Sami culture，is as remote and traditional as Finland gets.
Unst，Shetland Isles，Scotland
The most northerly occupied island of the British Isles，Unst is a wild，rugged place where seas crash into the dramatic Muckle Flugga sea stacks.
The latter are a harbor for gannets（塘鹅）during breeding season，with birdwatchers also treated to the sight of searching skuas（贼鸥）.
Yorkshire Dales, England
Its narrow lanes lined with drystone walls designed specially to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures, while its moody hills continually attract walkers, no matter the weather.
Geological wonders such as the limestone spectacles of Malham Cove and Gordale Scar make it perhaps the most beautiful part of the British Isles.
The Greek Islands
There are plenty of places to visit in Greece. But I love the Greek Islands best. White houses and beautiful churches, beaches and Aegean Sea make this a very popular place to visit. However, there is more to do here than just sunbathe. I cannot wait to go back and check out the caves and culture that make the Greek Islands one of the best places in Europe.
Loire Valley, France
Chateau de Chambord and Chateau de Chenonceau are the most famous, filled with classic viewing towers, formal gardens and boating lakes. Throw in a tour of its graperies, where some of the world’s finest wines are produced, and its glamour is impossible to ignore.
15．According to the passage, the best destinations in Europe are _______.
A．historic cities and Mediterranean beaches
B．similar to each other with no obvious differences
C．familiar to natives and a handful of adventurers
D．known to people around the world
16．If you are a cyclist interested in adventures, you’d better choose _______.
A．Unst, Shetland Isles, Scotland
B．Yorkshire Dales, England
C．Loire Valley, France
D．Lake Inari, Finland
17．According to the passage, we learn that the Greek Islands _______.
A．hasn’t been visited by the writer yet
B．has many waterfalls and valleys
C．is merely worth exploring by those who like sunbathing
D．is a good place for sunbathing
I love my gas stove. There’s nothing quite like cooking over that beautiful blue flame, so quickly adjusted with a flick of a dial. But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and also not great for our health. A new study this year has heightened health worries about noxious fumes (有毒烟尘) in our kitchens.
Broadly speaking, there are two categories of concern regarding gas stove emissions. First, there is the unburned natural gas that can escape before the flame ignites or leak from a gas hook-up. This gas is more than 90 percent methane (甲烷). Second, there are the pollutants created by combustion (燃烧) when a burner is on, most notably nitrogen oxides (氧化氮), which can upset the lungs.
The big surprise in the new study, conducted by environmental scientists at Stanford University, was the amount of unburned gas that leaks into kitchens when a stove is off. They found that more than three quarters of methane that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings. Only one out of 53 stoves measured for the study did not leak when turned off, says Rob Jackson, senior author of the study. Methane is not toxic, but it is a powerful greenhouse gas. With 40 million gas stoves across the country, Jackson and his co-authors estimate that the heat-trapping potential of the methane they discharge annually is equal to the carbon dioxide released by half a million gas-powered cars.
The Stanford study also looked at the amount of nitrogen oxides produced when using the stoves. In a matter of minutes, families who do not use their exhaust hoods(排气罩)and who have small, poorly aired kitchens can go beyond the Environmental Protection Agency’s outdoor exposure limit for nitrogen dioxide of 100 parts per billion(ppb)per hour. Even short exposures to excess nitrogen dioxide can worsen symptoms in people with respiratory conditions (呼吸系统疾病). And there is considerable evidence that long-term exposure raises the risk of developing asthma (哮喘).
What is the average home cook to make of all this They might take an idea from Michanowicz, a senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy, who bought an induction burner and does much of his cooking on that $100 item. Jackson, for his part, is putting his money where his research is: “I’m replacing a perfectly good gas stove” with an induction stove. He would like governments to provide motivations for people to switch to electric ranges. As for me, I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water.
18．According to the first paragraph, gas stove worries include___________.
A．the challenge of changing our cooking habits
B．the diseases brought by cooking on a gas stove
C．the environmental impact of cooking on a gas stove
D．the risk of catching fire while people are cooking on a gas stove
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．Gas may leak into kitchens with a stove on or off.
B．Nitrogen oxides may cause people to develop lung cancer.
C．Methane can escape into kitchens through wrong operation.
D．Kitchens can do harm to people without proper pipe fittings.
20．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Colorful. B．Useful. C．Harmful. D．Fruitful.
21．As for changing a cooking habit, the author is__________.
A．doubtful B．disapproving C．unconcerned D．supportive
International travel is popular, but visitors can run into trouble if they don’t know some basic “rules”. So, it’s important to learn about the cultures they’re visiting.
BRAZIL
In general, Brazilian culture is informal. Most Brazilians are very friendly, so it’s important to greet the people you meet. Normally women kiss on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians usually stand very close to each other while speaking. Even if this is unusual in your culture, try not to move away if it happens. If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift.
On the other hand, if you are invited to someone’s house, you should take a gift — like flowers or chocolate. However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colors have to do with death.
If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person’s appearance can be very important to Brazilians.
SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Arabia is a very traditional country. It is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first. People shake hands in business situations, but men and women do not touch in public.
In a business meeting, do not start with business matters at once. Instead, lead in the conversation by asking about people’s family or health. Arrive on time for business meetings, but don’t be surprised if others are late. Being on time is less important in Saudi Arabia than it is in most western countries. Business dress is formal.
Gifts are not expected at business meetings. If you are invited to a Saudi home, acceptable gifts are chocolate or coffee. Be careful not to admire the things the host owns, because he or she will feel necessary to give an item to you as a gift.
22．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．kissing on the cheek when greeting
B．dressing formally when invited
C．preparing gifts at business meetings
D．standing very close when talking
23．Which of the following are mentioned in both countries in the passage
①lead-in topics ②greetings ③arriving time ④giving gifts ⑤dresses
A．①②③④ B．①②④⑤ C．①③④⑤ D．②③④⑤
24．Why does the writer write this passage
A．To ask more people to travel to different countries.
B．To introduce some basic rules in different cultures.
C．To teach tourists how to understand English culture.
D．To show different opinions about different cultures.
Wang Shuang was just five when her parents divorced, dropped her at her uncle’s and left. Football, as it often is, became an escape.
At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behavior. As the only girl in the boys’ team, Wang’s performances were impressive, earning her the nickname “Iron Girl”. And soon, she sensed the sport’s power. Football allowed her to “release herself” and realize “whatever happens, football never leaves you alone”.
However, life was never smooth sailing. The constant jibes (嘲讽) from some people, who always tried to push her down and destroy her hopes, affected her so deeply that she lost confidence. “They were saying I had no talent at all. Gradually, I felt really so,” Wang once wrote. But never did she stop playing. When she was called up at the age of 17, Wang thought, “Me Are you sure ” When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was excited that an excellent coach thought she was good. It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. “I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all.”
Not any “bit of talent”; the genius is praised as China’s once-in-a-generation player.
China is a pioneer of women’s football in Asia and has won the continental championship nine times, including seven straight titles between 1986 and 1999. That was their golden age. Gradually, though, the dynasty declined (衰退). It is hoped that Wang will inspire the women’s football of the country to its former height.
Coaches are almost always hesitant to speak about individual players. But when coach Shui Qingxia was asked about Wang before the match against Vietnam, she couldn’t stop mentioning her influence on the team. Unfailingly performing on the big stage, Wang did not let her team down. When they lacked a quality ball，she delivered two high assists that finally led her team into the quarterfinal(四分之一决赛).
“Nobody knows how hard it was,” declared Wang after the match. “We overcame difficulties. We also showed our strong spiritual power. I am proud of my team. ”
25．What can we infer about Wang from the second paragraph
A．She earned a living on her own.
B．She was released from the team.
C．She was laughed at by the boys.
D．She found a sense of belonging.
26．How did Wang regain faith in her abilities
A．By winning recognition.
B．By obtaining inspiration.
C．By playing in the national team.
D．By ignoring other people’s jibes.
27．What’s the best title for the text
A．Wang Shuang: A Steel Rose
B．Wang Shuang: A Child Genius
C．Wang Shuang:A Football Pioneer
D．Wang Shuang: A Golden Age Creator
Ryuichi Sakamoto, the Japanese composer who died on March 28, 2023, was a talented musician. For many, his combination of noisy notes and joyous ones made him timeless and avant-garde (前卫的). But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions.
Before I learned to love Sakamoto, my mother loved him. After her days studying textiles (纺织) at a women’s college in our hometown of Nagoya, Japan, she would come home and play the Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence theme over and over. When she sat at her piano bench, she was trying to mold herself into the most attracting woman that she could be. Still, her childhood desire for a bigger life never died. Years later, when she played it again on that same piano, now transported to our Chicago home, her hands would crash down on Sakamoto’s drumming and upset bridge. It seemed that she buried herself in her younger dream and at the same time got lost in the reality of living away from her home and family. Both the joy of a fulfilled dream and the sorrow of its harsh realities mixed in Sakamoto’s score, pervading (弥漫) our living room.
Following in my mother’s footsteps, I too learned to play Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence. I played it in an open music room at college, where I was quite depressed under the gaze of strangers as well as excited about becoming my own adult. I played Sakamoto again in my then-boyfriend’s grandparents’ sitting room, the piece now reflecting my struggle to see how my Japanese and American self could fit into this white family, even though I was in love.
Sakamoto’s genius for telling the contradictions (矛盾) of existence arises again and again. I’m still playing Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, now at the electric piano in my living room, as I puzzle through becoming a new mother, frightened and thrilled at the same time. Maybe someday my daughter will play Sakamoto’s music, and it will help her understand her life too.
28．The author loves Sakamoto for_________.
A．his Japanese identity
B．his talent as a composer
C．his way to combine notes
D．his creation of mixed emotions
29．How did the author’s mother feel when she played Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence in Chicago
A．Contented with her current life.
B．Joyful and sorry at the same time
C．Annoyed with the difficult bridge
D．Lonely and upset away from home.
30．What is this passage mainly about
A．The life and accomplishments of Ryuichi Sakamoto.
B．The challenges of being a Japanese-American woman.
C．Contradicting emotions aroused by Sakamoto’s music.
D．A mother and daughter’s shared love for playing the piano.
In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any reason for such near-universality
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue for “the arbitrariness of the sign”: no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped. A rare exception is onomatopoeia, where words representing the bark of a dog (bow-wow) and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound. Yet most things are not subject to naming this way.
What about mama It does not sound like a mother, but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world. There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to learn.
In contrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make. A baby vocalising will, at first, make a vowel-like sound, usually something like “ah”, which requires little in the way of control over the mouth. If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising, air will come out of their nose, thus making the m-sound that is used in “mother” around the world.
Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity, the “papas” have striking commonalities, too. Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips (rather than going on breathing through the nose). This produces a b-or a p-sound. It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sounds are similarly basic, involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua).
Father and mother are, therefore, an oddity. F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five, or older still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world’s dazzling variety.
31．What does the underlined word “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to
A．Pronunciation B．Sound C．Bee D．Animal
32．“Mamas” and “papas” are used so universally because ________.
A．the sounds of the two words sound alike
B．air will come out of baby’s mouth directly
C．the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered
D．babies can continue their breath when closing their lips
33．According to the passage, which of the following words might be the most difficult to articulate
A．Forthcoming. B．Programme. C．Magnificent. D．Magazine.
34．What is the passage mainly about
A．Inspiration from babies’ smile and talks.
B．Linguists’ efforts to the research of sounds.
C．Connection between the word mum and dad.
D．Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages.
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it ” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product —CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
35．How did Moorc react to her dad’s warning
A．She argued with him. B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
36．What is special about CanCandy
A．It is beneficial to dental health. B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies. D．It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
37．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
It’s worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media. During the teenage years, for example, the brain changes massively, and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships, and status.
“Being a teenager is a really a major time of development,” says Orben. “You’re much more impacted by your peers, you’re much more interested in what other people think about you. And the design of social media might be more stressful at certain times.”
As well as age, other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. “There will be people who are more negatively or positively impacted at different time points. That might be due to living different lives, going through development at different points. They might be using social media differently.” says Orben.
For many parents, buying a child a phone is a practical decision. “In a lot of cases, parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day.” says Odgers.
It can also be seen as a milestone on the road to adulthood. “I think for children it gives them a sense of independence and responsibility,” says Anja Stevie, researcher at the University of Vienna, Austria. “This is definitely something that parents should consider: are their children at a stage where they are responsible enough to have their own device ”
One factor parents shouldn’t overlook is how comfortable they feel with their child having a smart phone. Besides, it’s worth remembering, though, that having a smart phone need not open the floodgates to every single app or game available. “I’m increasingly hearing, when I interview children, that parents are giving them the phone but introducing requirements to check and discuss which apps they get, and I think that is probably really wise,” says Livingstone.
38．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Parents feel comfortable when children have smart phones.
B．Many parents have a tendency to buy children smart phones.
C．Age does not influence the impact of social media on children.
D．It is unacceptable for parents to check apps on children’s phones.
39．What’s the writer’s attitude towards buying children smart phones
A．Concerned. B．Puzzled. C．Pessimistic. D．Subjective.
40．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Parents’ Practical Decision B．Negative Sides of Social Media
C．An Introduction of Apps & Games D．When to Buy Children Smartphones
Born in 1928, Eugenio Monti, was the best young Italian skier of his generation. He became known as the Flying Redhead and won several national titles, but in 1951 an accident called an end to his skiing career. It was then that he switched to bobsleigh. In 1954 he won his first Italian championship and started to dominate the sport in Italy and be a force internationally for more than a decade. However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.
At the 1964 Games in Innsbruck, Austria, Monti and his partner Sergio Siorpaes were the defending world champions, which made them favourites in the two-man event. Monti was desperate to add Olympic golds to his medal collection because he was 36 years old then and had already suffered serious problems with his knees, arguably running out of time to achieve his Olympic dreams. But they were in heated competition with the British team of Anthony Nash and Robin Dixon.
After two runs on the first day, the British led the field. On day two, however, a faulty axle (车轴) on the sled would have been sure to lead to their withdrawal, if it weren’t for Monti offering to lend them the bolt (螺栓) from his sled. The British pair went on to record the fastest time on that final run and won gold by just 0.12 seconds, while Monti and Siorpaes claimed the bronze.
Four days later in the four-man event, Monti’s selflessness towards his fellow competitors shone through for a second time when the rear axle on the Canadian team’s sled was damaged. Monti sent the Italian team’s mechanics to repair it, with the consequence that the Canadian team won gold, with Monti having to settle for another bronze.
Monti was recognised with the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship after the 1964 Winter Games. And four years later, at the age of 40, at the 1968 Games in Grenoble, Monti finally fulfilled his dream of being an Olympic champion.
41．What can be learned about Eugenio Monti from the passage
A．He completely failed in achieving medals at the 1964 Winter Games.
B．He had achieved national and international golds in skiing before 1951.
C．He helped Anthony Nash and Robin Dixon twice in Innsbruck, Austria.
D．He was awarded the first Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship.
42．What does the underlined word “favourties” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Sportsmen who have a strong fan base.
B．Competitors who are expected to win.
C．Athletes who receive better treatments.
D．Players who are liked better by people.
43．What can best describe Eugenio Monti according to the passage
A．Generous and selfless.
B．Curious and adaptable.
C．Responsible and courageous.
D．Persevering and hardworking.
44．What might be the best title for the text
A．Eugenio Monti—the Flying Redhead
B．Eugenio Monti—An Olympic Legend
C．Eugenio Monti—A Real Bobsleigh Champion
D．Eugenio Monti—An Athlete with Sportsmanship
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
45．What do we know about the author
A．She created the term “software engineering”.
B．She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
C．She taught Lauren to write software.
D．She got her master’s degree from MIT.
46．“The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A．a pet to accompany Lauren B．a mistake causing data loss
C．a software ending prelaunch D．a mission to land on the moon
47．What greatly contributed to Apollo 11’s success according to the passage
A．The in-time upload of data. B．Astronauts’ rich experience.
C．Experts’ new attitude. D．The program change.
48．What can we learn from Margaret’s story
A．Honesty is the best policy. B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Chances favor the prepared mind. D．A good beginning is half done.
Corals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, due to human activities, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change, a rise in global temperatures of 1.5℃ could cause coral reefs to decline 70-90%. The planet is about 1℃ hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer, stormier and more acidic (酸性的). This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their color. When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.
If corals go, divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbors, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100 km of a reef. Corals also protect 150,000 km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the oceans buffeting (肆虐), as well as generating billions of dollars in tourism revenue.
Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection from local sources of harm. Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing. Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.
Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs. Locals who fear for their livelihoods could be given work as rangers with the job of looking after the reserves. Visitors to marine parks can be required to pay a special tax, like what has been done in the Caribbean.
Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration. Coral’s biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific, for example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific, which proves a way forward to encourage corals to grow in new spots.
49．According to the passage, what may happen to coral reefs when waters become warm
A．Floating away. B．Changing forms.
C．Turning white. D．Becoming acidic.
50．According to Paragraph 4, the governments should .
A．ban people from fishing in the coral reef areas
B．reduce the number of visitors to the marine parks
C．call on volunteers to look after the marine reserves
D．carry out stricter rules on industries around the coast
51．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage
A．Corals have experienced death and revival for five times.
B．Reefs play an important part in protecting the fish diversity.
C．Coral systems suffer from agriculture, tourism and fishing.
D．The growth of coral has nothing to do with the condition.
52．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To attach more importance to coral reefs protection.
B．To present the significance of coral reefs to the world.
C．To expose the influence of climate change on coral reefs.
D．To appeal to governments for quick action to save coral reefs.
As I read about Sarah Loh’s journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League (AFL) last week, I was encouraged by the resilience (坚韧) she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to get there.
Loh had to deal with many of the same questions women in sports often face, such as: “How can a woman coach or lead when she has never played sports ” But as an Asian woman, Loh also faced questions with an added layer of racism: “What would a multicultural woman know about football ”
A recent Victoria University survey of 221 diverse women made up of current and former coaches, managers and board members found that half of the respondents were unhappy with their leadership roles and that many aspiring leaders believed their gender and background were barriers.
Women from different backgrounds, races, religions, classes and sexual orientations can sometimes experience multiple layers of injustice depending on the context. In order to address these inequalities, there are practical steps sporting organizations can take to create welcoming and inclusive environments for women in sports at every level.
In recent years, national sporting organizations across Australia have shown an increasing commitment to and engagement in the promotion of gender equality and respect to prevent violence against all women. Recognizing their own profile and influence, they have taken active steps to address the drivers of violence and inequality, including through education and awareness-raising programs such as Carlton Respects.
Sports have an influence way beyond the field, court or green on which they’re played, and they provide an opportunity to set and maintain positive community standards.
While resilience is a great strength to possess as a leader, women of color, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women or those from refugee and migrant backgrounds shouldn’t be required to wear such a thick set of armor (防御) to simply work in sports. Surely respect, equality and safety for all is not too much to ask for.
53．What can we learn about Sarah Loh from the text
A．She faced unfair treatment as a player in the AFL.
B．She is the first Chinese chief executive in the AFL.
C．Her sports achievements made her a leader in the AFL.
D．Her road to success was hard due to her gender and race.
54．Which measure has been taken to solve the problem of gender inequality
A．Strengthening females resilience by training.
B．Establishing more female sporting organizations.
C．Raising public awareness of violence against women.
D．Offering more opportunities for women to take sports.
55．The author writes this passage to .
A．recognize the value of female leaders
B．call for equality and respect for females
C．encourage more females to take sports
D．present the difficulties female leaders face
Would you like to make contributions to your community
Members of Love Zone are creative and responsible, making them perfectly ready to help handle various problems through volunteering.
If you want to make a difference in your community, or be a part of something bigger than yourself, then this is the place to start. Here are a few organizations of Love Zone with volunteer opportunities for teens!
Habitat for Humanity
Everyone deserves to have a place they call home. By volunteering with Habitat for Humanity, you can play a role in building up your community. Their Habitat Youth Programs accept volunteers between the ages of 5 and 40.
Meals on Wheels
For those teens who just got their licenses, here’s a volunteer opportunity that will make driving worthwhile. 200 million meals have been delivered so far. You can connect with your local provider to get involved. Meals on Wheels is on a mission to meet the nutritional and social needs of the elderly.
Key Club
As the oldest service program for high school students, the Key Club has quite a history of helping teens get involved in volunteering. Because clubs are student-led, you get a direct say in the kinds of service projects you want to do. Chances are, there’s already a chapter in your school, but if not, you can try taking the lead in one.
Best Buddies
Volunteer with Best Buddies to help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and you can make them connected with other people. Join a school chapter (or start your own) to use friendship as a tool to improve the sense of belonging in your community.
And don’t worry. Even if you can’t volunteer physically, there are also tons of online volunteer opportunities available! If you want to find out more about joining a worthwhile volunteer organization, please click at www.Love Zone.org.
56．What is required for joining Meals on Wheels
A．A driver’s license. B．A nurse’s license.
C．A teacher certificate. D．An architect certificate.
57．To help people with developmental disabilities, you can join .
A．Habitat for Humanity B．Meals on Wheels
C．Key Club D．Best Buddies
58．The author writes this passage to .
A．get more people to contribute to society
B．teach teens to be creative and responsible
C．raise public awareness of community affairs
D．instruct teens in ways to earn volunteer hours
The older you get, the more difficult it is to learn a new language. But no one knows exactly what the cutoff point is—at what age it becomes harder. In one of the largest studies, researchers from Boston-based universities found that children are good at learning a second language up until the age of 18, about 10 years later than earlier thought. But the study also showed that it is best to start by age 10 if you want to achieve the grammatical fluency of a native speaker.
To solve this problem, the research team collected data on a person’s age, language level and time studying English. They created a short online grammar quiz called “Which English ” that tested noun-verb agreement, pronouns, prepositions and relative clauses, among other linguistic elements. They wanted to find out when the “critical period” for achieving the highest levels of grammatical fluency ends.
Based on people’s grammar scores and information about their learning of English, the researchers developed models to find out how long it takes to become fluent in a language and the best age to start learning. They concluded that the ability to learn a new language, at least grammatically, is strongest until the age of 18. To become completely fluent, however, learning should start before the age of 10.
There are three main ideas as to why language-learning ability falls at 18: social changes, interference (干扰) from one’s primary language and continuing brain development. At 18, kids typically graduate from high school and start college or enter the work force full-time. Once they do, they may no longer have the time, opportunity to study a second language. Or it is possible that after one masters a first language, its rules interfere with the ability to learn a second language. Finally, changes in the brain that continue during the late teens and early 20s may somehow make learning harder.
This is not to say that we cannot learn a new language if we are over 20. There are many examples of people who pick up a language later in life.
Although the study was conducted only in English, the researchers believe the findings will transfer to other languages and they are developing similar tests for Spanish and Mandarin.
59．In Paragraph 2, “this problem” refers to ______.
A．at what age people can do the quiz
B．how people improve their language skills
C．why people find it hard to master grammar rules
D．in what period people can learn a new language well
60．Why does people’s language-learning ability fall at 18
A．Because they have no good learning environment.
B．Because they are busy developing other life skills.
C．Because they needn’t improve the language ability.
D．Because they focus more on their primary language.
61．Why does the author write the passage
A．To explain a finding. B．To provide a solution.
C．To lead a discussion. D．To support an opinion.
Young German Man Studies TCM in China
Wu Ming is a young German born after 1995. Wu is a big fan of Chinese culture, such as the Shaolin kung fu, a traditional Chinese martial art. He has been learning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since 2016, almost seven years. Now he is studying for his master’s degree at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.
As he thought some diseases can’t be treated thoroughly with Western medicine, he decided to dig into TCM. Wu came to Central China’s Henan province in 2015, where a strong TCM culture can be enjoyed. After one-year of learning Chinese language, he started to learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is one of the best-protected aspects of Chinese culture”, said Wu. He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture deeply by learning TCM.
In the early stages, Wu always tasted some Chinese herbal medicine by himself, just like Shennong, a character in ancient Chinese stories, who tasted most of the herbal medicine himself. To overcome difficulties in communicating, he also learned and practiced Chinese, especially the Henan dialect (方言), as his teachers, schoolmates, and even some patients speak in Henan dialect in their daily conversations. Although sometimes he still has trouble telling the difference between Mandarin (普通话) and the dialect, he can use the Henan dialect to communicate with others.
Studying TCM also changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, trapped in this fast but unhealthy daily life. But now, according to the Yin-Yang principle in TCM, he lives a balanced and peaceful life, practicing good habits such as drinking tea and reading ancient books.
In Wu’s opinion, there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. “We are the same. Misunderstanding comes from being out of touch”, said Wu. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic (诊所) in China or Germany after graduation, which could serve as a bridge between the two countries and attract public attention to TCM and its culture.
62．What is Wu’s purpose of studying TCM
A．To get his master’s degree.
B．To prove his learning abilities.
C．To test some Chinese herbal medicine.
D．To better treat diseases and understand Chinese culture.
63．How did Wu overcome difficulties in daily conversations
A．By reading ancient Chinese books.
B．By learning and practicing the Henan dialect.
C．By asking his teachers, schoolmates and patients for advice.
D．By studying the difference between Mandarin and the Henan dialect.
64．What can we learn about Wu’s lifestyle after his studying TCM
A．He stays up late every night. B．He lives a fast and healthy lifestyle.
C．He is addicted to electronic devices. D．He develops a good habit of drinking tea.
65．In Wu’s opinion, misunderstanding comes from_________.
A．lacking communication B．language barrier
C．being different from one another D．mind and lifestyle
66．According to the passage, which word can best describe Wu Ming
A．Gentle. B．Honest. C．Passionate. D．Outgoing.
Calligraphy (书法) has been recognized as one of the 114 first-level subjects in the country according to the latest subject content announced by the Education Ministry (教育部). The great attention from the public shows how surprised some people feel about its inclusion on the list.
Calligraphy is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and an artistic treasure in China. The starting point of the decision of the ministry is, of course, to promote the development of calligraphy art.
In addition, calligraphy and other subjects in this field are professional matters. The announcement and change of their policies should take professional opinions into consideration, and should not be easily influenced by the passion to carry forward traditional culture.
Now that calligraphy has been set as a first-level subject, the development space for calligraphy teachers and students in colleges and universities has been increased and the level of training can be improved.
However, if a subject becomes a first-level one, it is generally necessary to build a complete and independent subject system that shows the independence of the subject in teaching and research. However, many excellent calligraphers in China are themselves excellent writers and experts in various fields. Their calligraphy achievements are not the result of specialized study of calligraphy, but the crystallization (结晶) of integrated quality, knowledge and skills. In this sense, the key feature of calligraphy lies in its openness and it is connected with various subjects. In other words, it raises the question of whether calligraphy is independent enough to be a first-level subject.
The other question is whether the move will raise the importance of calligraphy in the eyes of primary and secondary schools and parents. That might increase the amount of work of primary and secondary school students. Is it really necessary to give a branch of the writing arts such a high position in the subject system, particularly as it has already become limited to a small group of calligraphy lovers rather than a basic writing skill of the educated as it was before. Not to mention the fact that the job market for calligraphy learners is quite small.
In practice, colleges and universities should prudently design the courses for the new first-level subject so that the reform can be beneficial to the development of the art form without being led to the wrong way, there are still many details and plans for them to consider before the courses are put into practice. They should focus on improving the quality of the calligraphy education and research instead of simply enlarging scale (规模).
67．Why did the Ministry of Education make calligraphy a first-level subject
A．To help it go further. B．To show its independence.
C．To build its subject system. D．To make it a cultural treasure.
68．We can know from paragraph 5 that calligraphy
A．cannot be improved by study.
B．is mixed with various knowledge.
C．does not need a complete subject system.
D．has the independence as a first-level subject.
69．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage
A．Calligraphy remains a basic skill today.
B．Calligraphy is widely enjoyed by people.
C．Parents pay much attention to calligraphy.
D．There are limited jobs for calligraphy students.
70．What does the underlined word “prudently” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Freely. B．Simply. C．Carefully. D．Quickly.
71．What can we infer from the passage
A．Universities should increase their calligraphy students.
B．The reform will reduce primary school students’ stress.
C．The development of calligraphy depends on universities.
D．Universities need to conduct more valuable calligraphy studies.
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和自己的女儿发生冲突后，和育儿专家通话后改变原来的处理冲突的方式，希望能改善和女儿的关系。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. (我因为钥匙把她摔在地上，真的。事实上，当她不顾我的话，在晚上11点开门离开家去看电影时，我把我16岁的女儿摔倒在地)”可知，作者和女儿吵架的真正原因是因为女儿坚持深夜外出。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第六段“Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. (那些评论真的让我感觉很糟糕。我没有考虑过她的行为有什么积极的方面——但除了我们母女的关系，我从来不想贬低我女儿坚强的意志)”可知，这些评论让作者感到“糟糕”，是因为作者没有注意到女儿行为中积极的方面，也就是令人满意的方面。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第七段“After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. (在和艾米交谈之后，我意识到我才是那个需要帮助来理解纪律和控制的人。老实说，我确实讨厌责任落在我身上。我想要被允许尖叫和惩罚)”可推知，通过电话，作者了解到她应该建设性地处理冲突，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter. (因此，我的工作是学习新的回应，为我的女儿提供选择和现实的后果，而不是空洞的威胁。希望这能改变我和女儿的关系)”可推知，在重新处理同样的情况时，作者应该会把深夜离家的后果——不安全告诉女儿，并且让她选择一个其他时间出门。故选B。
5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But what about animals Do they “laugh” And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike (但是动物呢？他们会“笑”吗？动物和人类笑的原因是一样的吗？)”提出的三个问题、第三段中“Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too.(最近，科学家们调查了游戏中的发声，看看它在动物中有多普遍。研究小组确定了65种会在玩耍时“笑”的物种——大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会笑)”、第五段中“Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.(她说，许多其他灵长类动物也会在玩耍时发出声音，因此提出了一种假说(人类的笑声被认为是在玩耍时产生的)，这种假说得到了许多灵长类动物与玩耍有关的喘息笑声的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,’ Winkler told Live Science.(温克勒告诉《生活科学》杂志说：“这么多动物在玩耍时都有类似的发声功能，这真的很有趣。”)”中给出的相关答案可知，本文是为了展示“动物界存在笑声”相关研究的成果。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第六段中“People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion.(人们大声传播他们的笑声，这通常是作为一种寻求参与者的方式)”可知，人们大声地笑是为了让其它人参与进来。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study.(但我们确实有人类笑声所独有的部分，这也是未来研究的一个重要领域)”可推知，接下来的研究很可能重点关注人类笑声的独特特征。故选A项。
8．C 9．B 10．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TEAN奖学金的详细信息。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new and exciting culture.(TEAN致力于为学生提供一个千载难逢的机会，让他们在一个全新的、令人兴奋的文化中体验出国留学)”可知，TEAN可以帮助学生体验海外教育。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据APPLICATION DEADLINE部分中June 1,2023可知，申请截止日期为2023年6月1日，所以要获得TEAN全额奖学金，学生必须在2023年6月1日前提交申请。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章SELECTION CRITERIA部分中“Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics, active participation in extra-curricular activities, achievement in leadership skills, awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay.(评估将基于以下方面：学术成绩优秀、积极参与课外活动、领导能力的成就、对国际教育价值的认识以及个人论文)”可知，申请全额奖学金的申请人在学业上表现很好，更有可能被录取。故选A项。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述一些艺术家对人工智能艺术的看法，并指出人工智能艺术一定会面临挑战。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段“A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons. (在凯夫发表讲话前几天，专家们被要求区分四件真正的艺术品和它们的人工智能仿制品。他们的结论在12次中有5次是错误的，而且他们只在四张图片的对比中有一张是完全正确的。)”可推断提到了四幅图片的比较是说明人工智能艺术不可低估，故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. (CDC强调，虽然开发人工智能很重要，但不应不惜一切代价追求它。)”和画线单词所在句子“It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence (它deplored数字、