如何快速读懂并获得语篇的重要信息——中考冲刺英语阅读高分技巧

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考冲刺英语阅读高分技巧
-如何快速读懂并获得语篇的重要信息
在阅读中常会碰到哪些问题？
1：阅读理解有不认识的单词怎么办？
2：阅读理解中长句，难句如何破解？
3：读完了一段话，整篇文章，看似读懂了，但是找信息的时候却不知道从哪里开始定位信息？
4：文章读懂了，但是不知道怎么选择问题的答案？
以上的问题在阅读技巧系列中，你都会找到想要的答案，今天的主题能帮助你解决第二个疑问，阅读理解中长句，难句如何破解？
是对其逐字翻译？照此做，花费的时间长不说，还会被生词所难倒，导致翻译进行不下去。每个题目都会有多种的解题思路，今天我们用先排除句子中的一些修饰的成分，运用句子的主干来获得句子的主要意思的方法来应对阅读中出现的长难句
一起来看下面的一篇约300字的阅读短文，测算一下自己的阅读时间。
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 p.m. or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of then sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is needed. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more chances to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones (荷尔蒙) not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 p.m.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota changed the start time from 7:25 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the result.
23. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on
A. American kids' sleeping habits
B. Teenagers' sleep-related illnesses
C. Activities to stop sleeplessness.
D. Ways to solve sleeping problems.
24. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day
A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C.10 hours D. 18 hours
25. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon
A. Because they are influenced by certain body chemicals
B. Because they are excited by some bedtime activities
C. Because they are forced to do a lot of homework.
D. Because they are allowed to go to school late
26. Where can we probably read this passage
A. In a news report.
B. In a science fiction.
C. In a fashion weekly.
D. In a health magazine.
接下来我们运用快速阅读的方法来重新阅读一遍。
在阅读之前我们先来回顾一下句子的重要信息由哪些部分来构成。
句子主要成分为主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，宾语补足语，系动词和表语
表达主要意思的句子成分为主语，谓语，宾语，系动词，表语
简单句句子构成，我们读起来是轻松没有压力的。
主语+谓语The sun rises.
主语+谓语+宾语I buy a book.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语I give him a book.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语The music makes me happy.
主语+系动词+表语She is a teacher.
以上简单句加上修饰成分就变成下面的句子
主语+主语的定语+谓语+状语 The lovely sun rises in the east.
主语+主语的定语+谓语+宾语+宾语定语+状语
The handsome man bought a book with a beautiful cover yesterday.
主语+主语的定语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语宾语定语+状语
The man with glasses gives him a book of Chinese history with pleasure.
主语+主语的定语+谓语+宾语（宾语可以拓展成名词性短语做宾语，而不仅仅是单独的名词或者代词）+宾语补足语
The man with fair hair spends a big sum of money and much time on finishing this task.
主语+系动词+表语+表语的定语
This is a photo of my family
加上修饰语定语和状语后句子相对变长了，但句子主要意思没有变
修饰成分定语，状语以及宾语也可以从单独的名词代词，或者名词性短语拓展成从句，句子结构就更加复杂了，但句子主要意思仍然没有变。
Although you might not be willing to admit how many times you have done so，a new study has shown that it’s completely normal.
状语部分变成了Although引导的让步状语从句，从句中的宾语为宾语从句。主句的宾语为that引导的宾语从句
the pleasure they get from it works all the time.主句的主语有定语从句来修饰
实际上主要的意思由the pleasure works all the time.来表达出来
因此我们可以通过先排除句子中的一些修饰的成分，运用句子的主干来获得句子和语篇的主要意思。
如遇到生词，我们还可以进行模糊翻译，比如主谓宾的句式结构我们可以模糊翻译为主语人做了哪件事情或者主语这件事情告诉了我们什么道理；或连系动词和表语，表明主语的性质，状态和特征。
我们来找一找这篇文章句子主干。我们将主要的信息标成黄色。
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 p.m. or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. 黄色部分约40词
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of then sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is needed. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime Watch TV. 约50词
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more chances to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones (荷尔蒙) not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 p.m.约40词
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota changed the start time from 7:25 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the result.约20词
通过对已上重点信息的标注，300词的阅读文章主要信息藏在约150词的文字里（这里还包括的举例说明的句子，如果加上段落主旨大意这个解题技巧，我们实际上还可以从更少的文字中得到这篇文章的主要信息)
让我们来一起练习和巩固以上的技巧，快速阅读下面的一篇文章
How many times do you check your WeChat Moments or micro blog in a day to see whether your latest post has got another “like” . Although you might not be willing to admit how many times you have done so, don’t worry, a new study has shown that it’s completely normal.
According to the University of California, which searched teenagers aged between 13 and 18, the pleasure they get from a “like” is the same as that of eating chocolate or winning money, and they can’t help waiting more. The research also shows that although the “like” might come from strangers, the pleasure they get from it works all the time.
Monthly Active Users of WeChat Number of Mobile Internet Users in China
Unit: million Unit: million
Source: Tencent Holidays Source: China Internet Network
SU JINGBO/CHINA DAILY Information Center
Why is it that so many young people want the excitement of seeing that little “thumbs up” on their screen The article “Why do people desire attention explains several cases in which people naturally long for attention. It says that people who were an only child and（who) were used to being the center of attention in their house may try to live in these conditions again. Feeling “ignored and unappreciated（不被欣赏的）” might also lead to wanting attention. Also, “when you’re waiting for someone else to confirm that what you’re doing is cool, you’re basing your idea of yourself on their values, not your own,” US psychologist（心理学家）Bryan said. “The further you go from your own center, the unhappier you’ll feel.” So how can you fix this
Well, the most important thing is to remind yourself that social media can be a way of getting some empathy, but the world doesn’t move around you.
按照我们以上找主干的方法，下面标注黄色的部分为文章想要表达的主要信息
How many times do you check your WeChat Moments or micro blog in a day to see whether your latest post has got another “like” . Although you might not be willing to admit how many times you have done so, don’t worry, a new study has shown that it’s completely normal.
According to the University of California, which searched teenagers aged between 13 and 18, the pleasure they get from a “like” is the same as that of eating chocolate or winning money, and they can’t help waiting more. The research also shows that although the “like” might come from strangers, the pleasure they get from it works all the time.
Monthly Active Users of WeChat Number of Mobile Internet Users in China
Unit: million Unit: million
Source: Tencent Holidays Source: China Internet Network
SU JINGBO/CHINA DAILY Information Center
Why is it that so many young people want the excitement of seeing that little “thumbs up” on their screen The article “Why do people desire attention explains several cases in which people naturally long for attention. It says that people who were an only child and（who) were used to being the center of attention in their house may try to live in these conditions again. Feeling “ignored and unappreciated（不被欣赏的）” might also lead to wanting attention. Also, “when you’re waiting for someone else to confirm that what you’re doing is cool, you’re basing your idea of yourself on their values, not your own,” US psychologist（心理学家）Bryan said. “The further you go from your own center, the unhappier you’ll feel.” So how can you fix this
Well, the most important thing is to remind yourself that social media can be a way of getting some empathy, but the world doesn’t move around you.
运用找句子主干的方法可以将阅读中的一些障碍语也就是句子修饰语干扰排除，快速获得文章的主要信息，掌握文章想要表达的主要内容，为我们定位原文寻找问题的答案指明了方向。
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