2023届江苏高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (证券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common.
As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.”
In a New York Times article, Wharton professor Adam Grant offers a simple prescription-stop giving advice. Wait, what Doesn’t other people’s advice help improve our decisions Of course they do, but as Grant points out, giving your advice isn’t the same as saying, “You should do this...”
“When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises. “People seldom need to hear our conclusion. They benefit from hearing our thought process and our view on the criteria (标准) for the matter. The most useful advice doesn’t tell us what to do clearly and exactly; it helps people see blind spots in their thinking.”
You may want to offer an example from your own life to explain your way of thinking, Grant continues, but “make sure to explain that it mayor may not be suitable for them.”
Each of us has our ow unique set of talents, fears, values and limits. When someone comes to you for advice, it’s near impossible to get a full picture of theirs. That means its near impossible to tell them what they should do. Therefore, advice should not mean “telling people what to do.” Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (变量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles.
Showing someone how to think through a problem for themselves beats telling them the right answer almost every time.
1．Why does the author mention the stories of Buffett and Oprah
A．To introduce a topic. B．To explain a rule. C．To give a reason. D．To make a comparison.
2．Why do experts sometimes give bad advice according to Paul Graham
A．They don’t live in a normal way. B．They hesitate to make early decisions.
C．They have forgotten their earlier experience. D．They base their advice on previous knowledge.
3．What does the underlined word “prescription” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．System. B．Suggestion. C．Argument. D．Effect.
4．What does the author suggest on giving others good advice
A．Offering them guidance on how to develop their talents.
B．Finding a good chance to tell them what they should do.
C．Reminding them of the importance of making right decisions directly.
D．Helping them develop a more complete way to consider their choices.
The news of Chinese American actress Anna May Wong becoming the first Asian American to be featured on US currency—the quarter (25美分)—has been met with excitement and hope from the Asian American community.
Wong is one of five women being honored in the American Women Quarters Program, which seeks to stress the contributions of American women. As a minority(少数群体) woman, Wong fought bravely against the difficulties in life.
Wong was born to second-generation Taishanese Chinese American parents in Los Angeles, just one block north of Chinatown. She fell in love with films and acted at a young age. Wong was 14 when she played her first role as an extra in the film The Red Lantern. At age 17, Wong got her first leading role in The Toll of the Sea. However, despite her talents as an actress, Wong was often offered supporting roles of stereotypical(模式化的) Asian characters in films, such as a foreign slave girl or a “dragon lady”, a stereotype picturing Asian women as strong and dishonest.
Throughout her career, Wong always pushed for greater images(形象) of Asian American performers. Her hard work bore fruit. Wong was given the part of an important and kind Chinese American doctor in The King of Chinatown in 1939. Her role in that film was considered a breakthrough(突破)for Wong and other Asian American performers. In 1960, Wong became the first Asian American actress to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, about a year before she died of a heart attack at age 56.
Bing Chen, co-founder of Gold House, an organization focused on promoting Asian Americans to lead and succeed in culture, called the new quarter “momentous” and praised Wong as a star “for generations”. “It’s impossible to forget, though, as a minority community, that Asian Americans keep on struggling between being successful and being seen,” he added.
5．What is the news report mainly about
A．A program honoring people behind the scenes.
B．Anna May Wong appearing on an American coin.
C．A program fighting for minority rights in the US.
D．Anna May Wong becoming a famous actress in the US.
6．What can we learn about Wong from paragraph 3
A．Her family encouraged her to be an honest actress.
B．Her Asian background won her many leading roles.
C．She showed her talent for acting when she was young.
D．She moved to the US with her parents after she was born.
7．Which of the following was a breakthrough for Wong
A．She starred as a doctor in The King of Chinatown.
B．She made her first appearance in The Red Lantern.
C．She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
D．She played her first leading role in The Toll of the Sea.
8．What does the underlined word “momentous” mean in the last paragraph
A．Historic. B．Typical. C．Interesting D．Original.
When I was ten, my family moved to the other side of town. I was forced to leave the familiarity of St Paul’s and become “the new kid” at St Teresa’s:a one-hallway school with no gym, where the other kids in my class had been together since kindergarten. I struggled to break into the crowd and spent lunchtime playing alone.
One school day, when I headed to the kitchen table, I heard the radio, “It’s a sad day in the music world. Mr Roy Orbison has died.” Oh no, how sad, Roy Orbison has died. Wait. . . who is Roy Orbison
I didn’t have a chance to ask. I had to get to school before the bell.
It was Mr Hutchison’s class. Every day, he would ask if there was anyone we wanted to pray(祈祷) for. That day, Johnny prayed for his sick grandfather, and Emily for her grandmother who had a surgery.
This was my chance! Before I had time to fully think it through, my hand shot into the air. “I’d like to pray for Roy Orbison!”
Silence fell over the room. The other kids looked confused, but Mr Hutchison could see the eagerness in my eyes. No one else had ever been so excited to pray for anyone in his class.
“OK, Roy Orbison has been added to the prayer list.” He winked(眨眼)。
I did it! This must be another way we kids make new friends:you just pray for someone.
I had never met Roy Orbison, nor did I have his album. But because of Roy, a little girl named Christine came up to me and said, “I’m really sorry for your loss. If you’re not busy with the funeral(葬礼), maybe you can come over and play after school.”
Thanks to Roy and Christine, I was lonely no more.
9．Why did I pray for Roy Orbison
A．Because I was a true fan of him.
B．Because I felt sorry for his death
C．Because I needed a reason to be noticed
D．Because I wanted to impress Mr Hutchison.
10．What happened after I prayed for Roy Orbison
A．The whole class felt sad as I did.
B．I made new friends at St Teresa’s.
C．Mr Hutchison turned a blind eye to me.
D．Christine offered to enjoy Roy’s music with me.
11．What is the tone(语气)of the text
A．Humorous. B．Serious. C．Excited. D．Cold.
12．Which of the following can best describe the text
A．Chances favor a prepared mind. B．Life is full of unexpected wonders.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
A Date with Beautiful Sichuan
China Daily website is inviting photography-lovers to take photos and short videos that describe beautiful Sichuan in Southwest China from Oct 20, 2022 until Feb 20, 2023. The event called “A Date with Beautiful Sichuan” is hosted by Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and China Daily website.
Anyone is welcome to submit(提交) photos or videos, regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur, or even who you are or where you are from. Photography works centered around the theme are welcome, such as Sichuan’s urban landscape, local customs, cultural and natural heritage, cultural relics and museums, cultural and creative industries, cuisine, opera, song and dance, etc., which fully display the beauty of Sichuan and convey the friendship and love across borders. Participants(参与者) will have the opportunity to get nice cultural and creative gifts. Outstanding works will be exhibited on the China Daily website, China Daily App, as well as overseas cooperative media platforms.
Requirements:
●The submitted works should be original, creative in form and theme, and should present what you see, hear and feel in Sichuan.
●Works must be a series of photos. A series of photos counts as one entry and each series may contain no more than ten photos. 5MB maximum for each photo. Format in JPG or PNG.
●No more than 200 descriptive words in Chinese or English for each work shall be submitted.
How to submit:
●Send works and application forms to contest@chinadaily.
●Post your works through Facebook or TikTok.
Facebook: Follow and tag @beautiful China
TikTok: Follow and tag @china culture
13．How long will the event last
A．3 months B．4 months. C．5 months. D．6 months.
14．What is a requirement of the works
A．Original. B．Uncreative C．Single. D．Descriptive.
15．Where can the article be found
A．Novel. B．Newspaper C．History book. D．Travel brochure.
Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)as underwater walls can help reduce the effects of hurricanes on coastal communities. This seems unbelievable. It is reported that scientists have discovered that coral reefs are even more effective than man-made sea walls under the water. However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.
Let’s take a closer look at how coral reefs protect us from floods, and how scientists are restoring (修复) reefs.
The roles that coral reefs play as underwater walls have long been recorded by scientists. During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding. In contrast, the western coasts without coral reefs suffered serious damage. The researchers observed that the shape of coral reefs can break the approaching waves. More recently, researchers at the University of Miami have reached the same conclusion. They used a special lab simulator to recreate ocean conditions during a Category 5 hurricane. They found that coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves by up to 95 percent!
Because of higher ocean acidity (酸 性) and temperature, coral reefs are disappearing and dying out. At the same time, climate change puts weakened coral reefs under more stress. The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.
16．What can we know about coral reefs
A．They can reduce hurricanes.
B．They are faced with danger now.
C．They can’t effectively prevent floods.
D．They aren’t influenced by overfishing.
17．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 3
A．A terrible hurricane attacked Australia in 2015.
B．Scientists paid little attention to coral reefs before.
C．Coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves to 95%.
D．The eastern coasts of Australia were damaged seriously.
18．What may happen to coral reefs in the future
A．Coral reefs may disappear. B．Coral reefs will be ignored.
C．More coral reefs may appear D．Few coral reefs will be planted.
19．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To introduce the growth of coral reefs.
B．To explain the functions of coral reefs.
C．To encourage people to plant more coral reefs.
D．To stress the importance of protecting carol reefs.
To Celebrate North Devon Becoming The UK’s First World Surfing Reserve, Dive Into The
History Of One Of The World’s Oldest Sports
Explore World Surfing Reserves
Manly, Australia
Sydney’s beaches saw several “firsts” for Australian surfing, including the first official world surfing championships in 1964.
Santa Cruz, California, USA
The laid-back surf hot spot of Santa Cruz celebrated its 10th anniversary(周年纪念日)as a World Surfing Reserve in April.
Huanchaco, Peru
Often referred to as the birthplace of surfing, Huanchaco enjoys a thriving(兴盛的)local surf scene that honors the area’s aquatic(水上的)heritage.
Ericeira, Portugal
Rugged cliff faces(突兀的悬崖表面)and highly varied surf breaks make this an ideal destination for surfers of all abilities, from beginner to professional.
A Timeline Of Surfing
3000-1000 BC: Evidence suggests Peruvian fishermen used to build and ride surfboards.
1885: Surfing arrives in the USA, three teenage Hawaiian princesses boarding there.
1930: The first hollow(空心的)surfboard design is mass-produced by American Tom Blake.
1953: The Waikiki Surf Club hosts the inaugural International Surfing Championships.
2009: Malibu, USA, becomes the first World Surfing Reserve.
2016: The International Olympic Committee votes to include surfing in the next games.
For more information, click here.
20．Which place is suitable for surfers of all levels
A．Manly, Australia. B．Huanchaco, Peru.
C．Ericeira, Portugal. D．Santa Cruz, California, USA．
21．What can you learn from the text
A．Surfing was included in the Olympic Games in 2016.
B．The first surfboard was produced by American Tom Blake.
C．Malibu, USA, becomes the first World Surfing Reserve in 2016.
D．That Peruvian fishermen built and rode surfboards at an earlier time could be true.
22．Where can you probably read the text
A．A magazine. B．A textbook.
C．A website. D．A brochure.
Have you ever got frightened for being seriously ill but some doctors’ caring words cured you right away Or have you ever felt moved deeply when doctors listened to you patiently If so, then you’re not alone.
My mum, for example, recently started losing her sight, which made her worried. She went for an urgent date with an eye doctor at the local hospital. When I telephoned her that evening to see how it went, she replied, “Oh, it was wonderful. They were so lovely and kind. ”Could she now see No. Had they been able to treat it No. In fact, she had to wait for an hour to see the nurse, and three hours to see the doctor.
Although they’d ruled out emergency causes for her sight loss, they hadn’t known the root of the problem. She was now at home, still unable to see properly and not knowing if she would go blind permanently. But that didn’t matter. What mattered to her was that a nurse met her at the door and helped her to her seat. Another nurse offered to get my mum a sandwich when lunch came. The doctor touched her knee and listened to her as she explained what had happened, asking about how the loss of sight had affected her life. He understood what worried my mum was that as an avid(热衷的) reader, she wouldn’t be able to read a book again. Touched by the doctors and nurses’ kind actions, she felt she had received good care.
Patients don’t evaluate the actual medicine that’s practiced; it’s the communication skills of the doctor that determine how they evaluate the care. Maybe the key to improving healthcare is better listening.
23．Why does the author use two questions in paragraph 1
A．To praise the doctors. B．To attract readers’ interest.
C．To show a common sight. D．To provide background information.
24．How did the mother feel after seeing the doctor
A．Upset. B．Worried. C．Satisfied. D．Confident.
25．What can we learn from the text
A．The mother is able to read again.
B．The mother has lost sight forever.
C．The root of the problem has already been found.
D．Better listening is good for improving healthcare.
26．What’s the author’s attitude to the medical workers’ behaviour
A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Supportive. D．Objective.
I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history.
When the colonialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed national parks and big game hunting gave way to wildlife tourism. But African wildlife was still there for White people’s enjoyment and benefits.
That locals could have an interest in preserving wildlife for its own sake was rarely considered. Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African.
Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them. What Africa needed was to see themselves and their view points in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. As producer of the documentary TV series “Wildlife Warriors”, I set out to find African conservation heroes who could play a role in the documentary. I soon discovered that we had some talented African filmmakers across the continent.
Today things are changing panies like National Geographic and the BBC are leading the way with new approaches to global storytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife.
27．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare
A．They lack the talent in making films. B．They live in the shadow of westerners.
C．They are still colonized by the westerns. D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife.
28．What message does the cut of my interview convey
A．The strictness of the crew. B．The preference for the British.
C．The prejudice against Africans. D．The benefits of local communities.
29．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．The locals enjoy wildlife films set in Africa.
B．Africans play a leading role in wildlife film-making.
C．Films made by westerners are the most popular ones.
D．Africans long for having a say in wildlife film-making.
30．What is the purpose of the author writing the text
A．To introduce how African wildlife are protected.
B．To urge people to better preserve African wildlife.
C．To show that the author was ignored by westerners.
D．To explain why more African filmmakers are needed.
“You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure — are more likely to avoid harder math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
31．Which of the following is an example of process response
A．You are a lucky dog.
B．Running is in your blood.
C．What works well for your study
D．Why are you such a math genius
32．What can be inferred from the study results
A．Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B．Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C．Process responses help with children’s math achievement.
D．Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
33．What do researchers advise parents to do
A．Restrict person responses.
B．Defend their own beliefs.
C．Stress children’s performance.
D．Ignore children’s math problems.
34．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B．The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C．Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance
D．Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family. ”
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book — curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained. ”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
35．Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A．Risky. B．Busy. C．Tough. D．Diverse.
36．What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A．I introduced my family by mistake.
B．I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C．I couldn’t help introducing my family.
D．I gave wrong information about my family.
37．What are paragraph 4 and 5 mainly about
A．The book’s writing feature.
B．Durrell’s rich imagination.
C．Some interesting plots of the book.
D．Some vivid descriptions of the island.
38．What is the purpose of this text
A．To share an experience.
B．To recommend a book.
C．To introduce a writing style.
D．To describe an unusual place.
Willpower might be key to getting off the couch to exercise, but bacteria may lend a helping hand. Studies in mice suggest microbes(微生物) in the gut(肠道) may be behind differences in the desire to work out.
To explore why some people like to exercise and others don’t, microbiologist Christoph Thaiss studied mice bred to have a lot of genetic and behavioral variation. His team found huge difference in how far the mice ran on wheels in their cages.
The active and lazy mice didn’t show any significant differences in their genetics. But the researchers did notice one clue: When treated with antibiotics(抗生素), mice that were normally highly energetic tended to exercise less. Follow-up studies showed the antibiotic treatment affected the brains of the formerly active mice. The activity of certain brain genes declined, along with levels of dopamine(多巴胺), a material linked to “runner’s high”—the sense of well-being that comes with more exercise.
The team also found that “bacteria-free” mice, which lack gut bacteria, become more active when given some of the gut microbes from energetic mice. It appears those bacteria send a signal that interferes with a material responsible for breaking down dopamine in the brain, causing the material to build up in the brain’s reward center.
Will the finding hold in people Studies have found that marathoners have high levels of a particular gut microbe, suggesting an exercise connection in people. And much work has proved the key role dopamine plays in motivating overall behavior. As Christoph Thaiss puts it, “This reward system is such a central aspect of physiology that it’s something almost certainly true in other mammals”—including humans.
39．What may contribute to the difference in mice’ desire to run
A．Microbes. B．Brain. C．Gut. D．Genes.
40．What can we know about dopamine from the paragraph 3
A．It affects the height of running mice.
B．It controls the activity of certain brain genes.
C．It is produced less when treated with antibiotics.
D．It is the sense of well-being coming with exercise.
41．What’s the structure of the text
①=para 1 ②=para 2 ③=para 3 ④=para 4 ⑤=para 5
A．①②—③—④⑤ B．①②—③—④—⑤
C．①—②③④—⑤ D．①—②—③④⑤
42．What field is more likely to benefit from the study
A．Medicine. B．Chemistry. C．Food. D．Ecology.
Small changes in atmospheric pressure can start a landslide in certain weather conditions. Understanding why will help us assess which slopes(斜坡) are at most risk of failing.
Just over a decade ago, there was huge surprise when it was discovered that the occasional sliding of the Slumgullion landslide in the San Juan mountains of south-west Colorado was caused by changes in atmospheric pressure.
We knew that landslides are initiated by earthquakes or heavy rains, but the Slumgullion findings raised the possibility that changes in atmospheric pressure could be setting hillsides on the move in other places too.
Now, Lucas Pelascini at the University of Rennes in France and his colleagues have fed weather and landslide data from Taiwan-where steep hillsides and typhoons are a recipe for frequent landslides—into a landslide model.
They found that typhoon events can get hillsides ready by bringing heavy rain and increasing the water pressure in the pores (气孔) between grains, but the condition of landslides depends on the weather over the previous months.
The model showed that heavy rain after a dry period pushes the water table up suddenly, causing a large and rapid change in pore pressure and an immediate landslide.
A typhoon’s rain falling no already soaked(浸湿的) ground, however, didn’t change pore pressure enough to cause a slide. A following change in atmospheric pressure—as the eye of the storm passes over, for example—was then enough to set things in motion. “The atmospheric effect will only provide the last push when rainfall can’t sink anymore, or when it is faster and affects the slope before the rainfall does,” says Pelascini.
The findings help to explain why some landslide events don’t occur until hours or even days after heavy rain has fallen. They also explain why Typhoon Morakot in 2009—Taiwan’s deadliest typhoon in recorded history-was so disastrous. The dry period before the typhoon meant the water table was low and resulted in a large and very sudden change in pore pressure, which immediately caused multiple landslides.
43．What is the cause of the Slumgullion landslide
A．The force of earthquake. B．The warmth of climate.
C．The change in air pressure. D．The frequency of typhoon.
44．What does the underlined word “initiated” mean in paragraph 3
A．Started. B．Limited. C．Disturbed. D．Changed.
45．What can be learnt from the landslide model
A．Heavy rain after a dry period can cause a landslide.
B．A typhoon’s rain can be enough to cause a landslide.
C．The landslide model is based on theoretical reasoning.
D．Landslides have nothing to do with the previous weather.
46．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Earthquakes always give rise to landslides.
B．Air pressure changes can set off landslides.
C．Heavy rains caused the Slumgullion landslide.
D．Typhoon Morakot led to the deadliest landslide.
It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert (隐蔽的), rather than overt, in humans
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer. And as several lines of evidence suggest that humans are constantly, although mostly subconsciously, sniffing themselves and others, Ravreby supposed that the latter is the case.
To test her hypothesis, Ravreby conducted the study with pairs of click friends: same-sex nonromantic friends whose friendships had originally formed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prior to an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physiological characteristics such as body smell. She then collected body smell samples from these click friends and conducted two sets of experiments to compare the samples with those collected from random pairs of individuals. In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.
Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal (非言语的) social interactions in pairs. After each such structured interaction, the participants rated the other individual in terms of how much they liked that person. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals who had more positive interactions indeed smelled more like each other, as determined by the eNose.
“These results imply that, as the saying goes, there is chemistry in social chemistry,” Ravreby concludes. However, Sobel offers words of caution, “This is not to say that we act like dogs or goats — humans likely rely on other, far more dominant signals in their social decision-making. Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.”
47．What did Inbal Ravreby want to figure out
A．Whether humans have a sharp sense of smell.
B．Whether humans’ noses can detect all types of smells.
C．Whether it is necessary for humans to sniff other people.
D．Whether the sense of smell plays a role in humans’ interaction.
48．What makes the first two sets of experiments different from each other
A．The way to make comparisons. B．The participation of random pairs.
C．The way volunteers used the eNose. D．The number of pairs of click friends.
49．Why did Ravreby involve complete strangers in the following experiments
A．To determine the reliability of the finding.
B．To avoid interactions between click friends.
C．To make the experiments much more interesting.
D．To test the accuracy of the eNose in smell analysis.
50．What is Sobel’s attitude towards the research finding
A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
Advanced technology brings with it a lot of benefits to us. You can now prevent the speech of a single target person from being recorded by using a device called voice jammer.
Voice jammers work much like noise-canceling headphones, which effectively remove unwanted background sound waves out of existence by playing back a copy of the unwanted sound with its wave pattern inverted (反向的).
Such voice jammers generally stop electronic eavesdropping (窃听) on conversations by broadcasting inverse sound waves that affect all microphones within earshot.
This can prevent nearby people’s phones from picking up their voices if they try to make a call, and can stop them interacting with smart assistants, warning that something strange is going on.
Now Qiben Yan at Michigan State University and his colleagues have created a voice jammer that can target a specific voice without causing interruption to anyone else. They did this by training an artificial intelligence called a neural network to isolate (隔断) a speaker’s voice, allowing the jammer to create an inverse sound matched to their speech.
Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones. This bug introduces sounds at set distances above and below the microphone’s recording frequencies. NEC is able to play its inverse speech in the ultrasonic (超声波) range, so that humans can’t hear it. Doing this at the point of recording provides the necessary frequencies to secretly block an audible voice.
The team found that NEC blocked voices on a range of smartphones from Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung at a distance of up to 3.6 metres. And this technology could be useful.
51．How do voice jammers prevent a speech from being recorded
A．By playing inverse sound waves. B．By interacting with smart assistants.
C．By keeping wave pattern unchanged. D．By broadcasting different sound waves.
52．What does Paragraph 6 focus on
A．Stressing the importance of NEC． B．Showing the steps of using NEC．
C．Describing the disadvantages of NEC． D．Explaining the working theory of NEC．
53．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The NEC blocking voices. B．A device against eavesdropping.
C．A bug playing inverse sound waves. D．The technology changing the speech.
54．What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A．Disadvantages of voice jammers. B．Public opinions on voice jammers.
C．Further development of voice jammers. D．Potential applications of voice jammers.
Check out our top 5 weather apps for your smart phones, which will keep you one step ahead of nature.
Tornado Warning and Alert AppThis app from the American Red Cross tracks a tornado as it approaches with step-by-step advice about what to do before the storm hits. A siren warning is built into the app and goes off when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issues a tornado warning in your area.
The Weather Channel AppThis app includes weekly weather forecasts from more than 200 meteorologists and lets you check what kind of weather lays ahead, complete with storm prediction maps. The Weather Channel App also alerts users to storm warning in the area.
Lightening FinderIf the goal is to get to the storm, rather than avoid it, this app is here to help. The Lightening Finder color — codes the age of the lightening bolt, and estimates a safe distance from which to watch it.
NOAA Weather Radio HDThis app broadcasts radio reports from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings, watches, advisories, and forecasts. Push notifications alert you to serious storm warnings in your area even when you are not currently using the application. The app also gives detailed four-day forecasts based on your GPS coordinates, or a chosen location.
Dark SkyStay dry with Dark Sky, which offers weather reports, including minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location. To keep its predictions as accurate as possible, this app forecasts only one hour into the future.
55．If you want to keep track of daily weather changes, you may choose _________.
A．Lightening Finder B．The Weather Channel App
C．Tornado Warning and Alert App D．NOAA Weather Radio HD
56．Which of the following is TRUE about Dark Sky
A．It is especially suitable to predict wet days.
B．It provides more services than the others.
C．It only offers accurate prediction for your area.
D．It keeps you aware of the weather days ahead.
57．The main differences of the five apps lie in _________.
A．user’s phones B．user’s locations
C．their images D．their functions
The Royal Ballet is to stage a performance featuring a disabled dancer, recognizing that being inclusive (包容) is “not just about diversity of race, but also about diversity of physical ability”.
Joe Powell-Main, who uses a wheelchair and sticks to perform, tells a story about overcoming life’s obstacles to pursue a dream that he has had since he was five. Having danced from the age of four, he won a place at the famous Royal Ballet School (RBS), even performing as a student in a Royal Ballet staging of The Nutcracker — only to see his hopes of becoming a professional dancer hit by a condition that affected his mobility.
During his fourth year of training, he developed injuries following a period of growth, leading to surgery on his left plications (并发症) developed and a serious car accident took a further toll on his body, bringing his training to an end. Aged 15, he was using a wheelchair and assumed he would never dance again.
But his life was transformed after his mother spotted a leaflet about wheelchair dancing, which played a part in helping him to accept his disability. Powell-Main recalled, “When I acquired my disability, I completely thought dance wasn’t an option for me and was completely over. Then why not ballet In terms of partnering, it’s a new way of doing things.”
He took part in the Royal Ballet’s platform Draft Works, which has now been extended and he’ll perform it as a 10-minute duet (双人舞) with Lubach. “Powell-Main made an impression on me. Dancing with him was really special, which has opened up refreshing possibilities, new ways of partnering, sharing weight between each other, using speed and dynamic in different ways,” Lubach said.
Emma Southworth, the Royal Ballet’s creative producer, said, “If someone has a wheelchair, what are the possibilities of moving in a wheelchair If the stick becomes the extension of the arm, what does that mean If we’re really being properly inclusive, we’ve got to look at how we work with disabled performers.”
58．What was a turning point in Powell-Main’s life
A．A serious car accident. B．The surgery on his left knee.
C．A leaflet about wheelchair dancing. D．The performance in The Nutcracker.
59．What does the underlined word “toll” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Step. B．Risk. C．Break. D．Damage.
60．What can we learn about Powell-Main
A．He refused to submit to the fate despite his disability.
B．He has been suffering from the knee injuries since he was five.
C．He stood out in RBS due to his hard work and professional skills.
D．His dancing career was totally ruined by the unexpected car accident.
61．What might be the best title
A．A special performance B．A life full of obstacles
C．A unique wheelchair dancer D．The Royal Ballet’s rich diversity
Matthew Kneale is the award-winning author of fiction and non-fiction, including English passengers, which won the Whitbread Book Award. He shares the books that have changed his life.
The adventures of Tintin by Hergé
As a child I loved the Tintin books — for their adventures, their characters and their stylish illustrations. Though Hergé visited almost none of the faraway places he drew, he captured (捕捉) them perfectly. His images, whether of Peru, Arabia, India or China, stayed with me and later, when I became a keen traveler, Tintin’s destinations were the places that I most wanted to reach. I never saw them all, needless to say, but I got to quite a few.
Stig of the Dump by Clive King
This was another book I loved as a child — the story of a boy who is bored staying with his grandparents, when he runs into Stig, a friendly Stone Age man. When my father read it to my sister and me, I was already fascinated by history and I loved the way the book captured the mystery of our distant, unrecorded past. Its charm stayed with me and much later I spent many a weekend driving around Britain, getting lost on small country roads, looking for prehistoric tombs and stone circles. There’s something breathtaking about these places, which are often in extraordinary locations.
I Claudius / Claudius the God by Robert Graves
When I first saw Rome, aged eight, I was amazed by the city’s layers of history and this same magic led me to come and live here, 20 years ago. I first read I Claudius as a teenager and was attracted by the story of friendly, stammering, ridiculed Claudius, who grows up in the vipers’ nest of Rome’s imperial family and who, against all the odds, as his relatives destroy one another, survives and rises. Graves, a fine scholar, has a talent for making the past spring to life, in all its nastiness and wonder. In my own writing, fiction and non-fiction, I’ve tried to follow his example — to make history shocked, as it should do.
62．What can we learn from the passage
A．Rich travel experience shaped Herge.
B．Stig of the Dump is adapted from a true story.
C．Matthew showed great interest in history as a child.
D．The close family relationship helped Claudius’ growth.
63．Why does Matthew share the three books
A．Because they manage to bring the past back to life.
B．Because they are great representatives of non-fictions.
C．Because they are known for their stylish illustrations.
D．Because they make a great difference to Matthew’s life.
64．Where can we probably find the passage
A．In a magazine. B．In a history book.
C．In a travel brochure. D．In an advertisement.
Unless you’re blind or know someone who is, you might not know that blind people use the same smartphones as sighted people. In fact, many blind people use touch-screen smartphones every day. The secret is that smartphones have a screen reader, a tool that allows blind people to use a mix of gestures and taps, along with vibrations (震动) or audio feedback, to use their apps.
Screen readers work on desktop computers as well as mobile devices. A well-designed website or app user interface (用户界面) makes the information on the website or app accessible to the screen reader, which makes it accessible to blind users. However, a badly designed website or application will turn out to be invisible to a screen reader.
Many designers find a good way to make technology available to all, which can be explained through an example — the whole touch screen. It was reported that blind users found locating small icons and specific numbers on the on-screen keypad(键盘) difficult. At present, the prevailing solution to this problem is to use the whole touch screen as an input control. Instead of having to touch a particular part of the screen, users can tap anywhere in response to audio instructions. These insights would have been impossible without involving people with different disabilities in the evaluation and design of touch screens.
Yet many technologies are still not accessible to users with disabilities. One way to make apps and websites more accessible is to have people with disabilities designing the technologies. But the design process itself is not very accessible to those very people, because very few tools in user interface designers’ toolbox are accessible. It’s a catch-22.
Our recent research evaluated the existing prototyping software, a tool allowing user interface designers to create temporary models to show clients or to test among users. We found that most popular prototyping software fails to work together with screen readers. Therefore, blind designers cannot use the prototyping software to create models of their own. This is where the problem is in the process of creating accessible technology.
Accessibility is an issue that touches everyone. Providing access to technology is legally required in most cases. While it is useful for designers to be aware of how users with disabilities interact with technologies, the most powerful insights may come from those with disabilities themselves.
65．What’s the major difference between a well-designed app and a badly designed one
A．The former functions well with a screen reader.
B．The former is applicable to most mobile devices.
C．The latter fails to interact with desktop computers.
D．The latter’s complex mix of information distracts users.
66．What do many designers think is a good way to make technology friendly to all
A．Evaluating users’ response to on-screen keypads.
B．Making input and output controls easy to operate.
C．Creating special icons and numbers for blind people.
D．Including disabled people in the development process.
67．What does the underlined word “catch-22” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Priority. B．Prejudice.
C．Dilemma. D．Puzzle.
68．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To show disabled people’s difficulty in using digital devices.
B．To urge people to be concerned about the situation of the disabled.
C．To inform us of the specific needs of the disabled in the digital era.
D．To stress the importance of engaging the disabled in technology development.
Seyton Thomas is a college student with a heart of giving. She has experienced challenges in her life that sculpted her drive to light a spark in young children from all backgrounds to develop leadership, perseverance, compassion and self-love. She says, “Service is what saved me, and I hope that this is a message that I can spread to the youth across the world.”
During the pandemic, Seyton Thomas organized a diverse group of young people to help a local crisis center. The Community Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahoma, is a home that gives shelter and other services to women and children who are suffering from domestic abuse. The crisis center depends on volunteers to help the women and children receive encouragement and a break from stress, but the pandemic made volunteer interaction difficult.
Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find. Seyton pulled together other students from the Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society and her college soccer team. Together the young people collected stones, painted kind messages and filled two boxes full of fun and colorful stones. Then they gave them to the crisis center to hide. The children at the crisis center were delighted to find and read these messages. They thought highly of the experience as well as the words coming from community members who took time to make them realize they were valued.
Seyton reflects with the group of volunteers that the project is a great way to bring people together positively in the community to do something for the good of others. They talk about how serving others can make a difference to someone’s life. It seems that the deed is as small as a stone, but the impact can be as large as a mountain.
69．Whom does the Community Crisis Center mainly help
A．Poor families. B．Homeless orphans.
C．Victims of family violence. D．Pandemic disease sufferers.
70．How did Seyton Thomas help the crisis center
A．By raising a fund for all kids in the center.
B．By spreading useful news about the pandemic.
C．By encouraging her soccer team members to donate.
D．By presenting inspiring messages to children in the center.
71．What kind of person is Seyton Thomas
A．Curious and optimistic. B．Kind-hearted and caring.
C．Serious and modest. D．Creative and educated.
72．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Small stones make a big difference
B．Volunteer work has great benefits
C．Find hope during difficult times
D．Giving is better than receiving
It is an unpleasant extinction that will change the world and how people communicate: within 20 years, two thirds of all the planet’s languages will be dead.
Experts agree that nothing can stop it happening but one academic is trying her hardest to slow it down. Professor Antonella Sorace is one of a growing number who believe learning a second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain. This is true not only for young children but also for adults and people at risk from dementia (痴呆), where research consistently shows that learning a new language could delay the start of the disease for four to five years — a better result than with any medication to date.
It is those benefits of bilingualism (双语) that should encourage us to preserve and protect Europe’s minority languages — Gaelic, Manx, Cornish and Ulster Scots, she says.
Already her work and the project she founded three years ago in Edinburgh, Bilingualism Matters — now expanding across Europe and in the US — have convinced the Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools. From 2023 all Scottish children will be learning a language other than English in their first year at school, with two other languages to be introduced later.
Bilingualism Matters is also working to encourage businesses to consider the benefits of their staff learning languages. “In business, people say ‘English is the language of business, why would I need to learn another language ’” said Sorace. “Maybe it would mean you could do better business.”
Just as disappearing forests take with them secrets of undiscovered medicines, disappearing languages can take the key to a longer and better quality of life. The first battle is to unpick the popular assumption that bilingualism might damage children’s brains. There were even suggestions it could encourage schizophrenia (精神分裂症).
Study after study has shown the opposite to be true, says Sorace. “These prejudices are deeply rooted, but we are perhaps halfway to persuading people that the brain can cope. Then we have to persuade people that it is actually of benefit.”
73．What will happen to the majority of the world’s languages
A．They will become extinct in decades. B．They will be learnt by more academics.
C．They will prevent the risk of dementia. D．They will help people better communicate.
74．What’s Bilingualism Matters intended to do
A．Find a replacement for English. B．Teach businesses marketing skills.
C．Promote minority language learning. D．Influence governments’ policy making.
75．What’s the top priority in preserving minority languages
A．Getting rid of people’s fear for mental illnesses. B．Finding the key to promoting people’s welfare.
C．Unlocking the secrets of undiscovered medicines. D．Correcting the misconception about Bilingualism.
76．Which can be the best title for the text
A．The benefits of Bilingualism B．The founding of Bilingualism Matters
C．A new challenge facing language teaching D．A professor fighting to save minority languages
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了专家给出坏建议很常见。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (证券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common.(沃伦·巴菲特的父亲告诉他不要进入证券行业。有人警告奥普拉，搬到芝加哥会毁了她的事业。这些名人被告知不要做后来让他们获得巨大成功的事情的故事很有趣，但它们也表明了一个更重要的问题。坏建议很常见。)”可知，作者提到巴菲特和奥普拉的故事是为了引出坏建议很常见这个话题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.”(正如投资人保罗·格雷厄姆所说:“当专家们犯错时，往往是因为他们是对世界早期版本的专家。”)”可知，根据Paul Graham的看法，专家有时候给出坏的建议是因为他们把自己的建议建立在先前的知识基础上。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段““When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises.( “当人们向我们寻求建议时，我们可以阻止自己立即给他们建议，”他建议道。)”可推知，划线词所在的句子意思是：在《纽约时报》的一篇文章中，沃顿商学院教授亚当·格兰特(Adam Grant)给出了一个简单的建议——不要再提建议。Prescription意为“建议”。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (交量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles.( 相反，要提供一个做决定的框架。这样，寻求建议的人就可以把他们自己的变量放入你的系统中，看看它会给出什么答案。这也为他们提供了一个发展自己决策能力的机会。)”可知，关于提供建议作者建议帮助人们发展一种更完整的方式来考虑他们的选择。故选D。
5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道的主要内容是：华裔女演员Anna May Wong成为第一个出现在美国货币上的亚裔美国人。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The news of Chinese American actress Anna May Wong becoming the first Asian American to be featured on US currency—the quarter (25美分)—has been met with excitement and hope from the Asian American community.（华裔女演员Anna May Wong成为第一个出现在美国货币上的亚裔美国人(25美分)的消息让亚裔美国人社区充满了兴奋和希望）”可知，这篇新闻b报道的主要内容是：华裔女演员Anna May Wong成为第一个出现在美国货币上的亚裔美国人。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“She fell in love with films and acted at a young age. Wong was 14 when she played her first role as an extra in the film The Red Lantern. At age 17, Wong got her first leading role in The Toll of the Sea.（她在很小的时候就爱上了电影和表演。Wong在电影《红灯笼》中担任临时演员时才14岁。17岁时，Wong在《海逝》中得到了她的第一个主角角色）”可知，Wong年轻时就展示了她的表演天赋。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Wong was given the part of an important and kind Chinese American doctor in The King of Chinatown in 1939. Her role in that film was considered a breakthrough(突破)for Wong and other Asian American performers.（1939年，Wong在《唐人街之王》中获得了一个重要而善良的华裔美国医生的角色。她在这部电影中的角色被认为是Wong和其他亚裔美国演员的一个突破）”可知，Wong在《唐人街之王》中扮演的医生对她来说是一个突破。故选A项。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的the new quarter和文章第一段“The news of Chinese American actress Anna May Wong becoming the first Asian American to be featured on US currency—the quarter (25美分)—has been met with excitement and hope from the Asian American community.（华裔女演员Anna May Wong成为第一个出现在美国货币上的亚裔美国人(25美分)的消息让亚裔美国人社区充满了兴奋和希望）”可知，划线单词momentous是用来形容Anna May Wong出现在美国硬币上这件事，这件事肯定是“有重大历史意义的，历史性的”。故选A项。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者十岁的时候，全家搬到了城市的另一边。作者被迫也离开了熟悉的圣保罗的学校，成为圣特蕾莎学校的“新生”，在这里作者很孤独，文章主要讲述了作者在这所新学校的经历。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ I struggled to break into the crowd and spent lunchtime playing alone.”（我努力要融入人群中，午饭时间一个人玩耍。）第六、七段“Silence fell over the room. The other kids looked confused, but Mr Hutchison could see the eagerness in my eyes. No one else had ever been so excited to pray for anyone in his class.”（教室里一片寂静。其他孩子看起来很困惑，但是Hutchison 老师从我的眼睛里看到了渴望。从来没有人如此兴奋地在课堂上祈祷。）可知，作者到了新学校后很孤独，他想通过这个祈祷活动，让自己融入到同学中，即他需要一个引人注目的理由。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“I did it! This must be another way we kids make new friends: you just pray for someone.”（我做到了! 这一定是我们孩子交新朋友的另一种方式：你只是为某人祈祷。）可知，作者通过这个活动，成功地交到了朋友，让自己变得不再孤独。故选B。
11．推理判断题。结合文章第二段内容可知，作者偶尔从收音机中听到的一位已经逝者的祈祷，名字为Roy Orbison，所以在课堂上的祈祷活动中，作者说他想为Roy Orbison祈祷，通过这次活动，作者最后交到了朋友，倒数两段“I had never met Roy Orbison, nor did I have his album. But because of Roy, a little girl named Christine came up to me and said, “I’m really sorry for your loss. If you’re not busy with the funeral(葬礼), maybe you can come over and play after school.”Thanks to Roy and Christine, I was lonely no more.”（我从没见过 Roy Orbison 也没有他的专辑。但是因为罗伊，一个叫克里斯汀的小女孩走过来对我说，“我对你的损失深表遗憾。如果你不忙葬礼的话，也许你可以放学后过来玩。”多亏了罗伊和克里斯汀，我不再孤单了。）因而文章使用了幽默的语气。故选A。
12．推理判断题。结合文章倒数两段“I had never met Roy Orbison, nor did I have his album. But because of Roy, a little girl named Christine came up to me and said, “I’m really sorry for your loss. If you’re not busy with the funeral(葬礼), maybe you can come over and play after school.”Thanks to Roy and Christine, I was lonely no more.”（我从没见过 Roy Orbison 也没有他的专辑。但是因为罗伊，一个叫克里斯汀的小女孩走过来对我说，“我对你的损失深表遗憾。如果你不忙葬礼的话，也许你可以放学后过来玩。”多亏了罗伊和克里斯汀，我不再孤单了。）可知，作者在课堂上为他偶然听到的名字祈祷，最后成功地交到了一个朋友，表明生活中充满着意想不到的奇迹，故选B。
13．B 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍《中国日报》网站邀请摄影爱好者从2022年10月20日至2023年2月20日拍摄描述中国西南部美丽四川的照片和短视频，参加名为“美丽四川的约会”的评选活动。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“China Daily website is inviting photography-lovers to take photos and short videos that describe beautiful Sichuan in Southwest China from Oct 20, 2022 until Feb 20, 2023. (《中国日报》网站邀请摄影爱好者从2022年10月20日至2023年2月20日拍摄描述中国西南部美丽四川的照片和短视频。)”可知，这次活动从2022年10月20日至2023年2月20日，持续4个月。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“The submitted works should be original (提交的作品应为原创作品)”可知，提交的作品应为原创作品。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据题目“A Date with Beautiful Sichuan (与美丽四川的约会)”和第一段“China Daily website is inviting photography-lovers to take photos and short videos that describe beautiful Sichuan in Southwest China from Oct 20, 2022 until Feb 20, 2023. The event called “A Date with Beautiful Sichuan” is hosted by Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and China Daily website. (《中国日报》网站邀请摄影爱好者从2022年10月20日至2023年2月20日拍摄描述中国西南部美丽四川的照片和短视频。这场名为“美丽四川的约会”的活动由四川省文化和旅游厅和中国日报网站主办。)”可知，这篇文章属于告知类的消息通知，应该是选自于报纸。故选B。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述珊瑚礁作为水下墙壁可以帮助减少飓风对沿海社区的影响。然而，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。为了保护我们的社区，保持海洋生态系统的活力，作者呼吁大家需要立即保护珊瑚礁。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. (然而，珊瑚礁特别容易受到气候变化的影响。过度捕捞和污染也被证明对它们非常危险。自1950年以来，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。)”可知，目前珊瑚礁面临灭绝的危险。故选B项。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding.(2015年澳大利亚遭遇3级飓风时，珊瑚礁有效地保护了东部海岸线免受洪水侵袭。)”可知，2015年澳大利亚遭到飓风的严重破坏。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.(迈阿密大学的研究人员正在试验种植新的珊瑚礁，而其他人则在积极寻找降低海水酸度的有效方法。政府也对这些行动给予了更多的关注，并为珊瑚礁的恢复提供了足够的资金。通过这些努力，我们可以应对气候对珊瑚礁的威胁，珊瑚礁也可以继续保护我们的社区。)”可知，在各方努力下，未来珊瑚礁可以应对潜在威胁，有更多的珊瑚礁可以出现。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.(为了保护我们的社区，保持海洋生态系统的活力，我们需要立即保护珊瑚礁。)”可知，本文作者写这篇文章强调了珊瑚礁对人类生活环境的重要性，呼吁人们保护珊瑚礁也是保护我们自己的家园。故选D项。
20．C 21．D 22．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几处适合冲浪的地方以及冲浪运动发展的时间线。
20．细节理解题。根据Ericeira, Portugal部分“Rugged cliff faces and highly varied surf breaks make this an ideal destination for surfers of all abilities, from beginner to professional.(突兀的悬崖表面和丰富多彩的冲浪间隙使这里成为从初学者到专业人士的各种能力冲浪者的理想目的地)”可知，Ericeira, Portugal适合所有级别的冲浪者。故选C项。
21．细节理解题。根据A Timeline Of Surfing部分“3000-1000 BC: Evidence suggests Peruvian fishermen used to build and ride surfboards.(公元前3000-公元前1000年：有证据表明，秘鲁渔民曾建造和骑冲浪板)”可知，秘鲁渔民在更早的时候建造和骑冲浪板可能是真的。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一行“For more information, click here.(更多详细信息，请单击此处)”可知，想要得到更多信息，可以单击最后一行，推测文章来自网页，你可以在网站上读到这篇文章。故选C项。
23．B 24．C 25．D 26．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过母亲治疗眼睛就医的经历，阐述改善医疗保健的关键是更好的倾听。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Have you ever got frightened for being seriously ill but some doctors’ caring words cured you right away Or have you ever felt moved deeply when doctors listened to you patiently (您是否曾经因为身患重病而感到害怕，但一些医生的关怀话语立即治愈了您？或者当医生耐心地听你说话时，你有没有感到深深的感动？)”可知，此处讲述的是就医的相关话题，结合下文中作者列举的母亲就医的经历可以推断，第一段中的两个问题是引出本文的话题，用提问的方式引起读者的注意。故选B项。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When I telephoned her that evening to see how it went, she replied, “Oh, it was wonderful. They were so lovely and kind.”(那天晚上我打电话给她看看情况如何时，她回答说：“哦，这太棒了。他们非常可爱和善良。)”可知，作者询问母亲的就医情况是，母亲在夸奖医生们，说明母亲这次就医感到满意。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Maybe the key to improving healthcare is better listening.(也许改善医疗保健的关键是更好地倾听。)”可知，作者认为，改善医疗保健的关键是更好的倾听。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“What mattered to her was that a nurse met her at the door and helped her to her seat. Another nurse offered to get my mum a sandwich when lunch came. The doctor touc