课件35张PPT。Module 3
The violence of NatureThe past perfect passiveGrammar 1 In module 1, we have already learnt the present and past forms of passive voice.
In this module, we are going to learn the past perfect passive.what can you see from the following sentences?.1.By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.
2.Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.
动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成，且
谓语动词与主语存在被动关系。过去完成时概念：表示过去的过去 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 被动语态的构成由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。过去完成时被动 had + been doneChoose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.1. After the hurricane, Mary __________ (see) that the roof of her house ________________ ( disappear).
2. She ________ (return) home and _________ (find) all her furniture _______________ (ruin) by the flood.
3. Arthur was surprised when he ________ (arrive) home because the tornado _________ (take) the feathers off his chickens.sawhad disappearedreturnedfoundhad been ruinedarrivedhad taken4. We _____________ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _____________ ( finish).
5. He ____________ (try) to drive back to his home before the flood _____________ (pass) through the village.lefthad finishedtriedpassedComplete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the past perfect passive, if necessary.1. After the earthquake, they discovered that several people ______________________.
2. When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town ____________________________________ .
3. His village _________________________________ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents’ house.
4. When she woke up, she found that her house ___________________ by the thunderstorm.
5. Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals __________________________.had been killed / had diedhad been destroyed / had fallen downhad been flooded / had been destroyedhad been destroyedhad died / had been killeddestroy die fall flood kill1. By the time he was twelve, Edison _____ to make a living by himself.
A. would begin B. has begun
C. had begun D. was begun
2.That dinner was the most expensive meal we _______.
A. would have B. have had
C. had never have D. had ever hadCD3.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 4.When Jack arrived he learned Mary ______ for almost an hour. A. had gone B. has set off C. had left D. had been awayDD5. —How long _______ each other before they ______ married?
—For about a year.
A. have they known; get
B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get
D. had they known; gotD6.Helen ________ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A. has left; comes
B. left; had come
C. had left; came
D. had left; would come CGrammar 2Indirect speech直接引语和间接引语直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。直接引语：
She said, “My brother’s name is Tom.”
He asked me, “Where do you live?”
间接引语：
She said that her brother’s name was Tom.
He asked me where I lived.直接引语和间接引语的转换在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。
1. 直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称。如：
She said, “I’m hungry.”
She said that she was hungry.2. 若主句谓语动词时一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：He said, “I’m a policeman.”
He said that he was a policeman.
He said, “I’m playing football now.”
He said that he was playing football then.
He said, “I have done my homework.”
He said that he had done his homework.He said, “I saw a film yesterday.”
He said that he had seen a film the day before.
He said, “I had learned 3000 English words by the end of last term.
He said that he had learned 3000 English words by the end of the term before.3. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。如下表：4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或whether，如：
She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?”
She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her.
He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?’
He asked me if/whether I would have a test on Thursday.5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序，如：
“How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me.
He asked me how much money I spent on books.
“What is your uncle?” he asked me.
He asked me what my uncle was.6. 当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把动词原形变成动词不定时，并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加not，如：The police man said to the children, “Don’t play football in the street.”
The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.
My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.”
My mother asked me to go and help her.7. 当引用的事情为永恒的真理、依然存在的事情时，可以不必改变时态。1. He said that the earth rotates around the sun.
2. He said that the train leaves at 6:30.把下列句子改为间接引语“I don’t think I will be able to finish it in time,” Mike said.
“It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen,” he told his friend.Mike said that he didn’t think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.3. The doctor said, “The man has hurt his leg rather badly.”
4. My mother said, “Have you rotten tooth been pulled out?”
5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother.The doctor said that the man had hurt his leg rather badly.My mother asked if my rotten tooth had been pulled out.Brown asked his younger brother how he would go to the park.Grammar 2 Activity 2, Answers:volcanic eruptions didn’t happen very often on the island.
no one was/had been on the island during the volcanic eruption.
the thunderstorm would put out the fires.
the residents could go back to their homes.
several eruptions had taken place in the previous 20 years ago.
the residents would travel back to the island when the danger was over.1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.
→He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film
B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film
D. whether I had seen the filmDD3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close
B. told to; closing
C. asked ; to close
D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said.
→He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher
B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher
D. he was a teacherCD5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.”
→He _____ very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy wasC课件41张PPT。Module 3
The Violence of NatureIntroduction and Culture cornerEnjoy it!Hainan IslandWest LakeSuzhouYunnanWhat do you think of the places?beautifulterribleCan you name some natural disasters?floodfireVolcanic eruption earthquakethunderstormlightninghurricanetornadoMatch the words in the box with their definitions.flood hurricane lightening thunderstorm tornado 1.a lot of water in an area which is usually dry _________2.A very strong wind or storm ________3.A lot of rain falling quickly, with loud noises and flashes of light ________4.The flash of light which happens during a thunderstorm _________ 5.A column of air that turns very quickly _________floodhurricanethunderstormlighteningtornadoflood
fire
hurricane
lightning
thunderstorm
tornado
earthquake
volcanic eruption
natural disasters洪水火灾飓风闪电雷暴龙卷风地震火山爆发floodearthquakehurricanetornadofireWhat kind of natural disasters have you ever experienced? Can you say something about it?lightening Can you describe the natural disasters happening in China since 2008?May 12th Wenchuan EarthquakeYushu Earthquake 1.How many earthquakes do you think there are in the world every day?
2.Do you think China is in one of the most active earthquake area?
3.Do you know any other earthquakes in other countries?Culture cornerEarthquakes around the Pacific Read the passage quickly and the answer the questions
What happened in Shanxi Province in 1556 ? 3 What caused the California Earthquake in1906?What was the most dangerous thing about
the California Earthquake?The worst Chinese earthquake occurred in Hua
County in shanxi Province in1556The fire that started The 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault华县大地震5:15 a.m. April 18th,1906250,000 people
lost their homes
500 people
lost their lives旧金山地震Pacific plateAmerican
plateEurasian plate Indian plateAfrican
plateAntarctic plate★San FranciscoPacific
plate
↖American plateSan Francisco●圣安地列斯断层in 1556 affected covered were In all lost their lives situated inactivein California April 18thcaused damage destroyedhomeless whole movement Read the passage again and fill in the chart.Language points:
1.damage, destroy, ruin都含破坏、毁坏之意
damage指局部的损坏，修复后仍可使用。
The heavy rain damaged many houses.
大雨毁坏了许多房子。
destroy指程度较重的损坏，无法修复。
That town was destroyed in a big fire.
那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
ruin完全地毁灭，毁掉。
The fire ruined the books in the library.
大火毁掉了图书馆的书。 What will you do if there is an earthquake in your town? Discussion
①②③④⑤⑥What things should we do to protect ourselves?
When we are with our friends, encourage each other and don’t lose heart.
Keep ourselves away from the foot of mountains and the sea.
Remember to cut off the fire and electricity.
Hide under the table or the bed, if you are in a room.
Drive to an open field and stay beside the car, if you are driving.
Stay in the corner of the room, if you are in a room.
Choose a small room to stay, such as a bathroom or a kitchen.
Run out to an open field, if you are in a room.
Never use lift. Never jump off the tall buildings.Language Points:
Introduction
experience P名校 34
cause P名校 34 Cultural Corner
It covered an area of 800 square kms
cover
覆盖 be covered with= report
cover the events
= include
This article covers all aspects of this matter.
隐瞒
cover the secret
走了； 行走
cover 100 miles
满足
cover the need of the students2. ……destroying a total of 25,000 buildings. P 名校44
3. 250,000 were made homeless
make 的复合结构
1）make + 宾语 +adj.
His gift made her very happy.
2) make+ 宾语 + n.
We made him chairman
He has made it a rule to get up early.3）make + 宾语 + do
She made the children wash their hands before eating.
4) make + 宾语 + P.P
I had to speak aloud to make myself heard by everyone.
5) make + 宾语 + doing
The teacher made the boy standing for a whole class.1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _______ in his lecture.
interested B. interesting
C. interest D. to interest
2. The waiter was made ________ to the guest.
apologize B. apologizing
C. to apologize D. to be apologizing3）make + 宾语 + do
She made the children wash their hands before eating.
--- The children was made to wash their hands before eating.
The boss made the boy work day and night.
--- The boy was made to work day and night.课件19张PPT。Module 3
The violence of Nature
Listening and Vocabulary
Everyday EnglishAfter watching the video, can you name what kind of disaster it is?Volcanic eruptionCan you think of other words
related to volcanic eruption?volcanolavaashtidal wavevolcanoeruptashlavatidal
waveseaRead the passage at Activity 1, explain the connections between the words in activity1connectionsListening & Vocabulary–2. Finish the exercise at Activity 3, Page 25.Answers:
A
B
B
B
Listen and answer these questions.1. Where are they?
2. Who are the two people in the conversation?
3. Is a volcanic eruption taking place now?
In the center of Plymouth, capital of Monserrat.A reporter and Frank Savage, Governor of the island.No, it isn’t.4. How many people have already left the island?
5. How many people were killed by the eruption?
6. When will people be able to return to their homes?
About 6,000.None.They don’t know.listen to the tape and fill the blank.Reporter: I’m standing in the center of Plymouth,
the capital of Montserrat, where just
one week ago, a ______ _________ took
place. With me is Frank Savage,
the_________ of the island. Mr. Savage,
thank you for talking to us.
Savage: You’re welcome.
Reporter: What exactly _________ last week?
Savage: Well, the volcano ________, and ____ and
_____ poured down the mountain towards
the sea. ___________, there are several
villages in its path.volcanic eruptiongovernorhappened eruptedashlavaUnfortunatelyReporter: That’s _________. Was anybody hurt?
Savage: No. _________, we had plenty of ________
and I told people who lived in the path of
the ash and lava to leave the island. We
___________ get half the population to
another island before the eruption took
place.’
Reporter: Why are you still here?
Savage: Well, I’m still working because there’s a lot
to do.terribleLuckilywarningmanaged toReporter: How many people live on the island?
Savage: Eleven thousand people live here and
about six thousand people have left.
Reporter: Which areas are the most__________?
Savage: Well, the most dangerous places are
between the ______ and the sea. There are
a lot of villages there. And it was very
dangerous. _________, hundreds of
houses ______ ________ when the
lava reached them.
Reporter: Oh, I’m very sorry to hear that.
Savage: _____________, no one was killed.dangerousvolcano SadlycaughtfireThankfullyReporter: Are the houses still _____ _______?
Savage: No. Fortunately, we _____ all the fires _____
quite quickly.
Reporter: That’s very good news. Well, it’s a
beautiful sunny day here in Plymouth.
Does this mean that the danger _____
________?
Savage: No! The volcano could erupt again! People
must understand that it is still very
dangerous and they can’t ________to their
houses.on fireputout isovergo backReporter: OK-So that’s the message from the
governor_________________________.
When will people be able to return
home?
Savage: We don’t know at the moment.
____________, it won’t be too long.
Reporter: Thank you for your time, Mr. Savage.
Savage: Thank you.don’t go back to you houses HopefullyEveryday English Matching bad newsgood newssadly
luckily
hopefully
thankfully
fortunately
unfortunatelyEveryday English– 2.Exercises Finish the exercises at Activity 2, Page 28.Answers:
Fortunately/ Thankfully/ Luckily
Unfortunately/ Sadly
Fortunately/ Thankfully/ Luckily
Hopefully/ Fortunately/ Thankfully/
Luckily
5. Unfortunately/ Sadly
6. Fortunately/ Thankfully/ Luckily课件28张PPT。Module 3The violence of NatureReading and VocabularyDo you know the 21st century disasters we have experienced?2001 Gujarat Earthquake, Bhuj, India (January 26, 2001) 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami（海啸）, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, and elsewhere (December 26, 2004) 186,983 killed, 42,883 missing Typhoon Saomai (2006), Zhejiang, China, (August, 2006), 250 killed Hurricane Ivan, Caribbean Sea, Southeastern United States (September, 2004) Tornado, Alabama, USA(May,3rd,2011)What’s this?The Gulf StreamRead about the Gulf Stream and check the meaning of the words.
What is a current ?
(a) A kind of electricity
(b) A movement of water
(c) A kind of wind
2. What kind of things flow ?
(a) water (b) Time (c) money
3. If two places are on the same latitude, they are on the same line_________
(a) east/ west (b) north / southBefore reading, preview some new words of the text.1.you can see this on an animal
2.describing the hottest parts of the earth, north and south of the equator
3.a terrible event
4.you can see these on a birds
5. to place in the ground or tomb
6. to happenbury; disaster; feathers; fur; occur; tropicalMatch these words with the definitionsfurtropicaldisasterfeathersburyoccurSkimming
What two kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the passage?
Tornado; HurricaneListen and match each part with its main idea.Part1(1-3)Part 2(4-5)Part 3(5-7)Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean , the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.A tornado is a roating column of air from a thunderstorm to the groundCareful reading 1. How strong are tornado winds?2. What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado?3. How many tornadoes are there in the US every year?4. How many people died in the worst tornado of all time?More than 400km/h.It stays where it was.On average, there are 800.More than 700 people.Part15. What happens at sea during a hurricane?6. When was the worst hurricane of all time?It has huge waves.8th September,1900.Part2Part37. Was the actor Charles Coghlan killed in it?
No, he wasn’t.8. What happened to him after the hurricane?His coffin was dropped in the sea by a hurricane and carried to Canada by the Gulf stream.Read it again and decide if these sentences are T or F.1.The most violent tornado have winds of more than 400
Kilometers a minute.
2.A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.
3.Hurricane usually occur in the southern Indian Ocean.
4.The worst hurricane disaster of all time caused winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves.
5.Charles coghlan was famous when he was in Canada.FTFTFLanguage Points1.The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometers
per hour.
最激烈的龙卷风到达每小时400千米以上.
(1)形容词前加定冠词the 表示一类人或一类事物.
The wounded are taken good care of in hospital
伤员正在医院里得到很好的照顾.
(2) of (表示性质,特征) 拥有…的性质(特征)的.
a woman of ability
一位有能力的女性
a man of poverty
一个穷困的人.2. occur v.发生所指的时间和事件都比 较确定, 在以具体事物、事件作主语时, 可 与happen互换 (P名校36)
These events occurred in 1909.
occur to sb. 想起，想到
It occurs to sb. that 某人想起了……A brilliant idea occurred to me.
It suddenly occurred to her that Tom was afraid of being alone.3.Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--- or even in the next town.
龙卷风能把汽车,火车甚至房屋卷起,把它们带到旁边的街上----- 甚至能卷到邻近的城镇.
(1) 拾起，捡起；
（2）开车接某人；
（3）无意中学会
(4) 卷起 ，掀起
（5）好转，改善
（6）收听
（7）改善，好转
（8）加速
This afternoon, I picked up the radio lying on the desk to pick up the English news. It’s over the radio that I pick up English every day. After that, it was time for me to pick up my son from school. So with my car picking up speed, I got to school on time.4.They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.
它们能把猫背上的软毛和鸡背上的羽毛拔掉. （P名校37)take off: (1) 起飞，出发 （2）脱掉
（3） 事业腾飞；（4）取下来。
5. … leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. （P名校37）
它们能毁掉房子,却把里面的家具留在原地.leave vt. 让(继续处于某种状态),可以接形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等作补语Leave the book on the desk.
Leave the door open.
Leave me alone.
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.
I’m sorry I have left some of your questions unanswered.6. On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1500 injuries.
平均来说，在美国每年有800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。
causing about 80 deaths…为现在分词短语表结果，相当于一个状语从句：
〔注意〕分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致，分词作状语必项和句中主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能用分词作状语，分词或分词短语作状语时，还可表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等。Being a student（＝As I am a student），I must study hard．作为一名学生，我必须努力学习
The children surrounded the teacher，listening attentively to her story.
孩子们围着老师，认真地听她讲故事.
The students ran to the playground，talking and singing. 学生们跑向运动场，说着，笑着。
His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他父母去世了，他成了孤儿.
Hearing the news，they get excited. 听到这个消息，他们变得兴奋起来7.strike v. 打；撞击；碰撞；(突然)袭击；某人突然想到/意识到；让(某人)觉得；留下……印象；擦(火柴)；罢工 (P名校36)【词语辨析】
strike, hit和beat
(1)strike当“打”讲时，表示突然地、一次性地“击”，表动作。
(2)hit 指“打”时，侧重于对某一点“打中，击中”，或有目的地打，表结果。
(3)beat 指“连续殴打，击败”，也指心脏的“跳动”。8.end up 以…结束(后面可接形容词,名词或v.-ing形式)
end up in: 以……结束,但in后跟的是结果
end up with: 以……结束,但with后跟的是方式. （P名校37） 1. 他的第一次实验以失败而告终.
His first experiment ended up in failure.
2.We were going to go out, but ended up watching TV.
我们原计划外出, 结果却是在家看电视。9. carry vt.
（1)运；送
Workers carry building materials in buckets at the end of long poles．
工人用长杆子的两端挑着捅来运送建筑材料。
(2)带走
The lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth. 这头狮子甚至有可能用嘴叼走孩子。
